Academic literature on the topic 'Mixer wagon'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mixer wagon"
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Serva, Lorenzo, Luisa Magrin, Giorgio Marchesini, and Igino Andrighetto. "Assessment of the Effectiveness of a Portable NIRS Instrument in Controlling the Mixer Wagon Tuning and Ration Management." Animals 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 3566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123566.
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The adoption of the mixer wagon and total mixed ration aimed to decrease dysmetabolic diseases and improve feed efficiency in dairy cows. Differences between theoretical and eaten diets are imputable to errors in diet preparation or cow feed sorting. We proposed a method to measure the chemical composition and particle size distribution of the ration and determined its peNDF content through a portable Near Infra-Red spectrophotometer that allowed the calculation of two indexes: the homogeneity and the sorting indexes. In a cohort of 19 Italian Holstein breeding farms, we studied the correlation of these indexes with the mixer wagon settings. Determination coefficients in the validation (Rv2) for dry matter, crude protein, aNDF, and starch were 0.91, 0.54, 0.86, and 0.67, respectively. The ration fractions (%, w/w of wet weight) retained by the 3.8 and 1.8 mm sieves, and the bottom showed Rv2 of 0.46, 0.49, and 0.53, respectively. The homogeneity index regressed negatively with the mixer wagon load fullness (R2 = 0.374). The homogeneity-binary classification showed an odds ratio of 1.72 for dry matter and 0.39 for aNDF (p < 0.05). The sorting-binary classification showed an odds ratio of 2.54 for aNDF (p < 0.05). The studied farms showed low peNDF values (median = 17.9%).
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Daniel, R., and G. Smith. "Suspected bovine reticuloperitonitis associated with the metal components of a mixer wagon." Veterinary Record 162, no. 17 (April 26, 2008): 563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.162.17.563-a.
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Ho, C. K. M., W. J. Wales, M. J. Auldist, and B. Malcolm. "Evaluating the economics of short-term partial mixed ration feeding decisions for dairy cows." Animal Production Science 58, no. 8 (2018): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17769.
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Recent research in Australia has measured the marginal milk production responses of cows grazing perennial-based pastures to supplements offered as a partial mixed ration (PMR). In the present study, the milk responses to PMR feeding developed under a restricted pasture allowance were used to examine the contribution to farm profit of decisions about short-term feeding (weekly, monthly). A short-term, or tactical, decision was considered to be one where the infrastructure and equipment needed to mix and feed out a formulated ration were already available. The decision was, therefore, the choice of whether to feed supplements as grain in the dairy at milking and forage in the paddock, or to feed the supplements as a mixed ration on a feed pad. Both of these options were assumed to exist for the farmer decision-maker, with the comparison of rations being based solely on the costs of supplement and milk income. The Control diet in the experiments comprised cereal grain fed in the dairy and pasture silage fed in the paddock, simulating a situation where pasture available for grazing was limiting. The PMR diet consisted of cereal grain, maize grain, maize silage and lucerne hay combined in a mixer wagon and fed on a feed pad. The PMR + canola diet was similar to the PMR diet, but included canola meal. The profitability of the diets for different amounts of supplement intake was compared by estimating the total income from milk produced minus the cost of the supplements. The results indicated that feeding the diet comprising PMR plus canola meal in early lactation contributed more to farm profit than did the Control diet of feeding grain in the dairy and forage in the paddock, or PMR feeding without canola meal, because of higher milk production. At a supplement intake of 12 kg DM/cow.day, the PMR + canola diet added AU$0.97/cow.day and AU$2.11/cow.day more to profit than the Control and PMR without canola meal diets, respectively. For a farm already equipped with a feed pad and mixer wagon, the benefits of feeding a mixed ration exceed the costs in early lactation. In late lactation, each diet made similar contributions to farm profit because of similar milk production.
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Sinclair, K. D., S. Thomas, A. MacDearmid, and G. Nemie. "Effect of complete diets or separate feeding of long straw and concentrates on the performance of beef cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600011181.
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In a previous experiment, with different types of straw and different levels of concentrates in mixed diets, it was demonstrated that steers could achieve growth rates in excess of 1.2 kg/day using diets containing up to 0.45 straw, Kay et al (1988). Few farms are equipped for complete diet feeding and so an experiment was set up to ascertain whether similar performances could be achieved when feeding loose-mix concentrates with long straw.Thirty-six Hereford x Friesian heifers of 350 kg initial mean liveweight were allocated to one of four diets. The diets contained ammonia treated or untreated straw of the spring barley variety Doublet and were offered in either a complete mixed form containing 0.45 straw, or as long straw and concentrates fed separately with the concentrate mix consisting of barley, molassed beet pulp, fishmeal, urea, molasses and minerals. Ammonia treatment was carried out in an oven with 0.03 anhydrous ammonia for 24 hours. Complete diets were effected by processing straw through a tub grinder before transfer to a mixer wagon. Complete diets were offered ad libitum. Concentrates in the other diets were offered twice daily at a rate equivalent to that consumed by animals on the complete diets. Liveweight and feed intake data were recorded.
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Kay, M., G. W. Reid, and E. R. Orskov. "The influence of straw quality and level of concentrate in a completely mixed diet on intake and growth rate in steers." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1988 (March 1988): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600016962.
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Results from a previous experiment with growing steers showed that straw from varieties of winter and spring barley or winter wheat supported different intakes and rates of gain. It was possible to identify those cereal straws most suitable for inclusion in low cost diets for beef cattle. The object of this work was to assess whether complete diets containing a minimum of 35% “good” straw could sustain a high rate of gain in finishing cattle. The trial used 45 Hereford cross steers that weighed 360 kg at the start. There were three types of straw examined; straw from the spring barley variety Corgi, untreated (UC) and ammonia treated (AC) together with ammonia treated winter wheat (AW) cv. Longbow;. Each straw type was included in a complete diet containing either 0.35 (L), 0.45 (M) or 0.55 (H) straw. Ammonia treatment was carried out in an oven with 0.03 anhydrous ammonia for 24 hours. The straw was processed through a tub grinder and the chopped material was transferred to a mixer wagon for diet preparation. All the diets contained fishmeal and urea and equal proportions of rolled barley and molassed sugar beet pulp substituted for the straw. The complete diets were offered ad libitum and the steers were weighed fortnightly until they were estimated to provide carcasses in MLC fat class 4L. Digestibility data for each diet was derived in a subsidary trial using cattle fed ad libitum. The digestibility coefficients for D11 were 0.67 UC; 0.68 AW; 0.69 AC and 0.66 H; 0.68 M; 0.70 L (S.E.D. ± 0.66).
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Henty, S., C. K. M. Ho, M. J. Auldist, W. J. Wales, and B. Malcolm. "A whole-farm investment analysis of a partial mixed ration feeding system for dairy cows." Animal Production Science 60, no. 3 (2020): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17826.
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Aim A dairy farm in south-west Victoria was analysed to discern the impact on profit and risk of changing from a feeding system in the base case where grain was fed in the dairy and forage in the paddock, to a partial mixed ration (PMR) or a formulated grain mix (FGM) feeding system. Context A PMR feeding system involves feeding a well formulated mixed ration to a grazing dairy herd and typically requires the use of specialised machinery to mix and feed out the forage and grain components of the ration together onto a feed pad. In a FGM feeding system, the same formulated ration fed in the PMR system is used, but the grain component of the ration is fed using the existing feeding system in the dairy with the hay component fed in the paddock. Method The analysis used data from experiments recently performed to establish milk responses to mixed ration feeding under Australian conditions. The case study farm comprised 244 ha and a herd of 420 self-replacing Holstein-Friesian cows that calved from May to July. The herd feeding system was based on grazed pasture, grain fed in the dairy at milking and hay fed in the paddock. Supplementary feed comprised ~50% of metabolisable energy in the diet of the milking cows. The pre-existing feeding system was altered to incorporate either a PMR system or a FGM system. An increased herd size of an extra 100 cows, plus the PMR or FGM systems, was also tested. Key results All systems analysed were more profitable than the base case. Increasing the herd by 100 cows was the most profitable option for both the PMR and FGM systems, but intensifying the system by increasing cow numbers also had the most variability in profit. Conclusions and implications The FGM system was the most profitable system because milk production could be increased without the costs of extra labour, depreciation and repairs and maintenance associated with using a mixer wagon to feed the ration. The FGM system presents an option for farmers to expand or intensify their systems without needing to construct a feed pad or invest in extra machinery and equipment.
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Chaudhry, A. S., W. Taylor, and P. Rowlinson. "Effect of replacing rolled wheat with a moist food co-product on the yield and composition of milk from Holstein Friesian dairy cows fed a grass silage based diet." BSAP Occasional Publication 28 (2001): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500041133.
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AbstractThis study compared the effect of feeding AmyPlus, a moist feed, as opposed to rolled wheat on the yield and composition of milk from dairy cows consuming grass silage based total mixed ration (TMR). Seventy-two Holstein-Friesian cows were distributed into AmyPlus (Treatment) and Wheat (Control) groups and loose housed on straw in an open shed. Each kg Wheat based concentrate contained 345g rolled wheat, 230g rapeseed meal, 115g sugarbeet pulp, 115g Molaferm 20, 115g soybean meal, 56g barley straw and 24g vitamin-minerals. In contrast, each kg AmyPlus based concentrate contained 501g AmyPlus (480g DM /kg), 105g rapeseed meal, 126g sugarbeet pulp, 126g Molaferm 20, 84g soybean meal, 41g barley straw and 17g vitamin-minerals. Here, AmyPlus was loaded directly into the mixer wagon to prepare fresh AmyPlus based TMR with a silage to concentrate ratio of 68:32. Each TMR was fed once daily to the corresponding group of cows also receiving 2kg of Distillers’ grains per cow in the parlour during milking. Daily milk yield and composition was recorded from November 1999 to February 2000. The overall daily Dry matter intake (DMI) of each TMR per cow remained uniform (20.19 vs 20.15 kg for Treatment and Control group respectively) across both groups. Daily milk yield and total cell counts per cow did not vary significantly (P>0.05) between groups during various months. While, milk fat and protein contents were greater in Treatment than Control group during each month, the differences were significant (P<0.05) only during November and December for fat and in January for protein. On average, the Treatment group tended to show a non-significant increase (P>0.05) in daily milk yield per cow by 0.144 kg than the Control group. The fat (46.2 vs 43.7) and protein (34.5 vs 33.5) contents in g /kg milk were also increased significantly (P<0.001) in Treatment compared with Control group. Total cell counts did not vary significantly (P>0.05) and remained within the acceptable limits. The cows consuming AmyPlus maintained their health as indicated by their intake, production, cell counts and general appearance. It would appear that AmyPlus can replace rolled wheat in TMR. However, it may be necessary to evaluate the storage, economic and environmental implications of using such moist co-products in silage based dairy rations.
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Ballis, Athanasios, Fillipos Karapetis, and Theocharis Ballis. "Towards the Implementation of Optimal Train Loading Plan in the Athens-Thessaloniki Freight Services." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.2017040104.
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The main goal of train loading optimization is the proper assignment of loading units onto the wagons, taking under consideration numerous factors like the maximum axle load restrictions, the condition of the railway infrastructure, the operating conditions, safety regulations etc. The typical expression of the problem is usually formulated under one of the two following assumptions: (a) the commodity load is predefined or (b) the number and type of wagons is fixed. The current work describes the steps that were followed and enabled the analysis, optimization and integration of the train loading plan into the information system that supports the new railway service of TRAINOSE for containers transport on the Athens - Thessaloniki line. This new service, named iCS, was launched in December 2013 and ever since operates on a daily basis. The work includes a literature review, a mention of the pragmatic aspects that influence container transport and train loading plan, the presentation of the heuristic which is implemented in the information system of iCS service, a validation process against a mixed integer optimization model and finally concludes with the proposed solution for the iCS wagon loading problem.
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Ballis, Athanasios, Fillipos Karapetis, and Theocharis Ballis. "Towards the Implementation of Optimal Train Loading Plan in the Athens-Thessaloniki Freight Services." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 8, no. 3 (July 2017): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.2017070103.
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The main goal of train loading optimization is the proper assignment of loading units onto the wagons, taking under consideration numerous factors like the maximum axle load restrictions, the condition of the railway infrastructure, the operating conditions, safety regulations etc. The typical expression of the problem is usually formulated under one of the two following assumptions: (a) the commodity load is predefined or (b) the number and type of wagons is fixed. The current work describes the steps that were followed and enabled the analysis, optimization and integration of the train loading plan into the information system that supports the new railway service of TRAINOSE for containers transport on the Athens – Thessaloniki line. This new service, named iCS, was launched in December 2013 and ever since operates on a daily basis. The work includes a literature review, a mention of the pragmatic aspects that influence container transport and train loading plan, the presentation of the heuristic which is implemented in the information system of iCS service, a validation process against a mixed integer optimization model and finally concludes with the proposed solution for the iCS wagon loading problem.
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Leaver, J. D., and J. Hill. "The performance of dairy cows offered ensiled whole-crop wheat, urea-treated whole-crop wheat or sodium hydroxide-treated wheat grain and wheat straw in a mixture with grass silage." Animal Science 61, no. 3 (December 1995): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014041.
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AbstractTwenty-four Holstein Friesian cows in experiment 1 and 40 cows in experiment 2 were used over 12 weeks in continuous designs, to evaluate winter wheat as a forage for dairy cows. In experiment 1, whole-crop wheat was ensiled at 350 g dry matter (DM) per kg (EW) or harvested later and stored at 550 g DM per kg following treatment with 40 g urea per kg DM (40W). In addition to these treatments in experiment 2, whole-crop wheat of 550 g DM per kg treated with 20 g urea per kg DM (20W), and combine harvested wheat grain plus wheat straw (40: 60 ratio) treated with sodium hydroxide (SG) were also included. These whole-crop wheat forages were incorporated into the diet at a level of 400 g/kg of the forage DM in experiment 1, and 330 g/kg in experiment 2, with the remainder of the forage being grass silage. A control treatment of grass silage (GS) offered as the sole forage was also included. The forages were mixed in a mixer wagon and offered ad libitum. A fixed level of 8 kg/day of concentrates was offered in experiment 1 and 7 kg/day in experiment 2. Total DM intake was significantly greater for EW and 40W than for GS in experiment 1, but not in experiment 2. Milk yield was not significantly affected by diets (mean 28·8 kg/day in experiment 1 and 29·6 kg/day in experiment 2). Milk fat, protein and lactose contents and yields were also not significantly affected by diets. The additional total metabolizable energy (ME) intake of the whole-crop diets compared with GS was partitioned to live weight. There was no evidence of ME intakes being substantially greater than ME requirements as found in previous studies. A 5 × 5 Latin square digestibility experiment was carried out with Holstein-Friesian heifers offered the individual forages used in experiment 2. Intake was significantly greater for the urea-treated whole-crop wheat forages than for grass silage and for sodium hydroxide-treated grain and straw. The digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) of grass silage was 692 g/kg and the whole-crop wheat diets ranged from 626 g/kg for ensiled whole-crop wheat to 682 g/kg for the sodium hydroxide-treated grain plus straw (40: 60 ratio), with the DOMD of urea-treated whole-crop being intermediate. The results indicated that whole-crop wheat had higher intake characteristics than grass silage in spite of its lower digestibility.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mixer wagon"
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PERRICONE, VERA. "NEW TECHNOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL APPROACHES IN LIVESTOCK FARMING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/709026.
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The livestock sector is facing a huge challenge trying to meet the increasing demand of animal products. To this end several efforts have been done to enhance animals’ performances, and nutrition provides a valuable asset. Animals’ performances can indeed be boosted through nutritional approaches, including both the application of technologies in a context of ‘precision nutrition’ and the administration of novel feed additives or feedstuffs with beneficial effects on animals’ health. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate 1) the proficiency of feeding systems for dairy cows (1st trial) and the suitability of sensor technology to ensure the fulfillment of cows’ nutrients requirement (2nd trial), and 2) the effectiveness of feed additives to improve animals’ health and consequently their performances (3rd and 4th trial).
The first study investigated some aspects connected to the mixer wagon, and their influence on the preparation of the total mixed ration (TMR) for dairy cows. We evaluated how loading levels, cutting time, mixing time and their interaction can affect the homogeneity of the TMR along the feeding alley. The uneven distribution of the TMR along the feeding alley does not allow each animal to receive the same well-balanced diet, with the risk of not satisfying the nutritional requirements, finally impairing productive performances. Even though we identified the most efficient combination of loading levels, cutting, and mixing time, variations in the distribution of DM and NDF were observed, pointing out the necessity to investigate which other factors are influencing TMR preparation and distribution.
In the second study we developed a system based on a microwave resonance sensor to optimize TMR preparation. Silages represent a large proportion of feeds included in the TMR, but their nutrient supply (on as fed basis) can vary among time due to moisture content fluctuations. For this reason, if their inclusion rate in the mixer wagon is not adjusted according to the actual dry matter (DM) content, ensuring the proper provision of nutrients, the delivered TMR might be different from the diet formulated by the nutritionist, with the risk of unfulfilling animals’ requirement. The sensor performed a real-time measurement of silages DM content during their loading in the mixer wagon and suggested a correction of their inclusion rate. Our hypothesis was that, adjusting the silages as fed inclusion rate according to the real DM content, the final TMR delivered to the animals would have been closer to the target diet. The employment of the sensor reduced the error in silages DM content loads, however the final TMR was not closer to the formulated diet compared to the TMR conventionally prepared. The lack of result was attributed to errors in the loading of dry feedstuffs (concentrates), which can equally affect TMR composition. Our results thus highlight the necessity of systems to improve the accuracy of TMR preparation.
The third study was dedicated to the evaluation of the effectiveness of pomegranate rinds and green tea leaves extract on broiler chicken health and performances. We assessed the potential of the product to improve blood antiradical activity, as a way to increase animals’ defence against oxidative stress. We further investigated the effect on cecal microbiota, observing a positive modulation of beneficial bacterial population, such as Lactobacillaceae. Despite the positive results observed for health-related parameters, growth performances were not enhanced.
Lastly, in the fourth study we investigated the effect of nucleotides supplementation to weaning piglets. Nucleotides play a fundamental role in the development of gastrointestinal mucosa and immune system, but due to the high demand in critical moments (i.e. weaning) and the reduced de novo synthesis, their supplementation might be beneficial for the animals. However, we did not observe positive effect of nucleotides supplementation on animals’ immune response, probably due to the optimal conditions where the animals were raised, which minimized the stress usually associated with weaning.
Overall, these results contributed to the investigation of technological and nutritional approaches to improve the efficiency of animal feeding. However, further investigations are required to deepen our knowledge about the limitations that have been observed.
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KADLEC, Ondřej. "Přesnost nakládky do závěsného vertikálního míchacího krmného vozu." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376050.
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The theoretical part features an overview of the historical development of dairy cows feeding and introduces currently used trends in feeding. This part also outlines basic technologies in the production of roughage and describes modern feed distribution machinery. The practical part evaluates the accuracy of loading of individual components and the total weight of a feed ration loaded into a vertical suspension mixer feeder wagon by a front-end loader tractor. The observation was carried out at Mr. Kadlec's family farm in Velký Bor near Netolice and lasted four months. During this period, the actual weight of loaded components (grass-clover haylage, maize silage, grains meal) was being monitored daily. The evaluation came to a conclusion that grass-clover haylage stored in bales is loaded with a greater accuracy than maize silage stored in a clamp silo.
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JENŠÍ, Lukáš. "Vliv jednotlivých komponent směsných krmných dávek u krmných míchacích vozů (bez vybírací frézy) na přesnost nakládek." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-251728.
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The diploma thesis entitled The effect of individual components of mixed feed rations in the mixer feeder wagon (without a cutter) on the accuracy of loading is divided into two separate parts. In the first (theoretical) part, the issue of livestock together with preparation and distribution of feed with the mixing feeder wagons are analyzed. The second (practical) part of my work is focused on specific selection of a mixing feeder truck, diet components characteristic and way of their loading including evaluation of their loading accuracy. The main objective of the thesis is to specify evaluation of loading accuracy of each component in the mixed feed rations of a mixing feeder wagon in the selected agricultural companies that specialize in milk and meat production.
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PŘIBYL, Miroslav. "Přesnost nakládky do závěsného horizontálního krmného míchacího vozu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-395178.
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The theoretical part of the thesis entitled "Accuracy of loading into a hanging horizontal feed wagon" deals with the historical development of feed administration of cattle and currently used trends in feeding. The diploma part also describes the basic technology of production of bulky and fodder fodder, there is also a modern technology for their distribution, characteristics and the way of loading individual components of the ration, which also includes the evaluation of loading of individual components. The thesis also deals with the choice of mixing feed wagon. The practical part is focused on the evaluation of loading accuracy into the hanging horizontal feed wagon.
Book chapters on the topic "Mixer wagon"
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Perricone, V., A. Costa, A. Calcante, A. Agazzi, M. Lazzari, G. Savoini, M. Chiara, E. Sesan, and F. M. Tangorra. "Real-Time Measurement of Silage Moisture Content During Loading of a TMR Mixer Wagon: Preliminary Results." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 531–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39299-4_59.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Mixer wagon"
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Perricone, Vera, Annamaria Costa, Aldo Calcante, Alessandro Agazzi, Giovanni Savoini, Ecaterina Sesan, Mauro Chiara, and Francesco Maria Tangorra. "TMR mixer wagon real time moisture measurement of animal forages." In 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor.2019.8909273.
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Martini, Francesco, Andrea Quattrini, and Stefano Ricci. "Fire simulation in railway tunnels: towards the design requirements for emergency exits." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1382.
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Emergency exits are one of the most critical elements during fire safety design in railway tunnels, allowing for a quick evacuation from the endangered area to the nearest safe location. At the present-state, there is lack of a comprehensive regulation framework for the design of the ventilation systems protecting the exits from smoke and other by-products during a tunnel fire and the design is normally case-tailored. With the ultimate goal of finding the most appropriate design requirements as the main parameters involved vary, this paper discusses the simulation of two scenarios identified as highly critical for a mixed traffic line: a 10 MW fire of a passenger couch and a 250 MW fire of a freight wagon. The method used is the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) supported by the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The key requirement is the minimum airflow needed to keep the exits safe according to the variability of parameters, such as position of fire, wind, single or twin tunnel. The scenarios are a short cross-connection between single-track twin tunnels and a connection to a safe zone in a double-track single tunnel. In each case, temperature, pressure and smoke entering the compartment demonstrate to be relevant parameters affecting the results. The results of an extensive simulation campaign pave the ground for next developments aimed at setup a design handbook covering a large set of infrastructure and operation conditions represent a step ahead a recognized standards in railway tunnels design.
Reports on the topic "Mixer wagon"
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Loy, Daniel D., Daryl R. Strohbehn, H. Joe Sellers, and Daniel G. Morrical. Effectiveness of Mixing Wet Distllers’ Grains and Hay with a Mixer Wagon or a Front End Loader for Long Term Storage. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-463.
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Loy, Daniel D., Daryl R. Strohbehn, Daniel G. Morrical, and Joe Sellers. Effectiveness of Mixing Wet Distillers Grains and Hay with a Mixer Wagon or a Front End Loader for Long-Term Storage. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2361.
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