Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mixed markets

Academic literature on the topic 'Mixed markets'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mixed markets"

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Helsley, Robert W., and William C. Strange. "Mixed markets and crime." Journal of Public Economics 89, no. 7 (July 2005): 1251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2003.07.012.

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Syverson, Chad. "Markets: Ready-Mixed Concrete." Journal of Economic Perspectives 22, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.1.217.

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Concrete's natural color is gray. Its favored uses are utilitarian. Its very ubiquity causes it to blend into the background. But ready-mix concrete does have one remarkable characteristic: other than manufactured ice, perhaps no other manufacturing industry faces greater transport barriers. The transportation problem arises because ready-mix concrete both has a low value-to-weight ratio and is highly perishable—it absolutely must be discharged from the truck before it hardens. These transportation barriers mean ready-mixed concrete must be produced near its customers. For the same reason, foreign trade in ready-mixed concrete is essentially nonexistent. This article is an introduction to the basics of the market for ready-mix concrete, focusing mainly on its consumers and its producers in the United States, but with occasional comparisons to other countries when contrasts are useful.
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Forder, Julien, Martin Knapp, and Gerald Wistow. "Competition in the Mixed Economy of Care." Journal of Social Policy 25, no. 2 (April 1996): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400000313.

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ABSTRACTThe 1990 National Health Service and Community Care Act introduced sweeping changes to health and social welfare services. The reforms to community care were dominated by the introduction of markets for social care. We argue that the new markets cannot be guaranteed to deliver the range of services required to meet community care objectives. When they began to assume their new responsibilities, few key purchasers had a basic understanding of the functioning and imperfections of markets. Consequently, they were poorly equipped to anticipate or ameliorate the sources of market failure that we identify. Like any other relatively ill-informed purchaser, local authorities risk being unable to buy what they want on behalf of their residents and at an appropriate volume, cost and quality. We discuss where and how market imperfections are likely to occur. In this context, we offer an economic framework to help in the shaping and managing of social care markets.
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Purdy, David. "Markets and the Mixed Economy." Soundings 28, no. 28 (November 1, 2004): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/136266204820467049.

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Zhou, Jidong. "Mixed bundling in oligopoly markets." Journal of Economic Theory 194 (June 2021): 105257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2021.105257.

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Sturgeon, David. "Markets, mergers and mixed messages." British Journal of Healthcare Management 20, no. 2 (February 2014): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2014.20.2.71.

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Sturgeon, David. "Markets, mergers and mixed messages." British Journal of Healthcare Management 20, no. 9 (September 2, 2014): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2014.20.9.440.

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Bose, Arup, and Barnali Gupta. "Mixed markets in bilateral monopoly." Journal of Economics 110, no. 2 (October 10, 2012): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-012-0310-8.

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Pesce, Marialaura. "On mixed markets with asymmetric information." Economic Theory 45, no. 1-2 (April 4, 2009): 23–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-009-0453-1.

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Matsumura, Toshihiro, and Osamu Kanda. "Mixed Oligopoly at Free Entry Markets." Journal of Economics 84, no. 1 (January 18, 2005): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-004-0098-z.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mixed markets"

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Zikos, Vasileios. "R&D, collaboration networks, mixed markets and labour unions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34033.

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This thesis is concerned with the role of state-owned companies and labour unions in influencing research and development (R&D) activity in two related contexts: when firms act as independent competitors, and when firms collaborate in their investments by forming a research network, but still remain competitors in the product market. The first chapter investigates the use of R&D subsidies, both in a mixed and a private market. We show that the socially optimal R&D subsidy is positive and increasing in the degree of technological spillovers both in a private and in a mixed duopoly, although it is lower for the former than for the latter. A comparative statics analysis of welfare levels reveals that privatisation is likely to be welfare reducing, at least for a relatively small number of private firms.
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Lindsjørn, Mads Vilhelm. "A Method for bidding in sequential Capacity Reserve Markets using mixed-integer programming." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18344.

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System security and power quality is important in today's society and the ability to regulate and balance production and consumption is crucial for any power system. More and more penetration of intermittent production in power systems increases the need for regulation capability and the importance of capacity reserve markets where capacity used for regulation is procured and secured increases too. Several types of regulation mechanisms are used in a power system, which creates the possibility of several different capacity reserve markets with significant prices. A producer participating in these markets must decide how his limited production capacity should be used taking these markets and other physical power markets into account. A method for finding true costs for capacity reserve supply and for bidding in sequential capacity reserve markets is presented in this report. The method is based on a mixed-integer programming model and work has been done to create and formulate a suitable model. The modeling is implemented with the programming language AMPL and is an optimization model that maximizes total profit on several markets subject to market prices and market obligations for a set of production units. The model is then used to highlight some of the fundamental mechanisms and charactheristics in the markets and to illustrate the bidding method for a price-taking producer in perfect markets.Price uncertainty in future markets has a large impact on the results from the method and a model version where price uncertainty is included for the spot market is compared to a version where price uncertainty is not included. The reason for this comparison is that hourly spot price forecasts used for short-term production planning in Norway today doesn't consider price uncertainty. The versions are compared for bidding in one capacity reserve market for a number of market clearings where prices for the spot market in the model are taken from real spot price forecasts and real spot price outcomes. It shows that inclusion of price uncertainty gives better bids, but also that adjusting bids to account for price uncertainty can give good results from a model that doesn't explicity include this uncertainty. The method can in any case calculate valid bids for capacity reserve market solutions that exist today where costs and opportunity costs from all relevant markets can be accounted for. The limitations of the method is mostly connected to what it is possible to describe with mixed-integer programming and the computational efforts and calculation times mixed-integer programming models require.
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El, Khatib Sameh. "An iterative approach to negotiating bilateral contracts in mixed pool/bilateral electricity markets /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82482.

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In mixed pool/bilateral electricity markets, participants can sign bilateral contracts several weeks or months in advance of the pool market-clearing. Any uncommitted generator capacity may be sold to the pool and any remaining un-serviced demand is met through the pool, both at the pool spot price.
In this thesis, in contrast to financial rights, we consider only physical bilateral contracts, where the generator and load are obliged to produce and consume power levels at least equal to the stipulated bilateral amount.
Bilateral contracts have the advantage that they satisfy at least part of the needs of both buyers and sellers at a predictable price instead of relying solely on the uncertain real-time spot price at the pool market-clearing time. However the risk of signing a bilateral contract is that it commits the partners to a price that may be disadvantageous compared to the pool spot price. Thus, if the spot price turns out to be lower than the bilateral price, then the seller comes out ahead while the buyer loses compared to the alternative of having traded solely in the real-time market. Conversely, if the spot price turns out to be higher than the bilateral price, then the seller loses out while the buyer benefits compared to having traded solely in the real-time market.
Here we propose a systematic bilateral negotiating approach between a generator and load in mixed pool/bilateral markets. Under this approach the generator and load respond rationally to a stream of bilateral bids/counter-bids and offers/counter-offers considering their respective expected benefits while accounting for the risks incurred by the uncertainty of pool spot price prediction. This negotiating approach is tested numerically and shown to be a valuable and practical tool in arriving at a mutually beneficial and risk-tolerable bilateral contract.
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Weiss, Christoph, and Dieter Pennerstorfer. "On the Relative Disadvantage of Cooperatives: Vertical Product Differentiation in a Mixed Oligopoly." Hebrew Univ. Magnes Press, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5585/1/Pennerstorfer_Weiss_2012_JRC_On_the_Relative_Disadvantage_of_Cooperatives_Accepted_Manuscript.pdf.

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We investigate the incentive to provide goods of high quality in a vertically related market for different types of business organizations, a farmer-owned cooperative and an investor-owned firm. Contrary to the firm, the cooperative is characterized by decentralized decision making, which gives rise to overproduction and problems coordinating the quality decisions of its members (free riding). Comparing both manufacturers acting as monopolists we show that the cooperative will never supply final goods of higher quality than the firm, and that the problem of quality coordination is mitigated if the cooperative succeeds in preventing overproduction. When a cooperative faces competition of an investor-owned firm (mixed duopoly), it will - except in one limit case - never produce final goods of a higher quality than the firm and will deliver lower quality in a number of scenarios.
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Aketi, Venkata Sesha Praneeth. "Prices in Wholesale Electricity Markets and Demand Response." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388765872.

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Běláčková, Vendula. "Reducing risks of transactions on marijuana markets - institution of friendship." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165924.

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BACKGROUND: Economists depict illicit markets as violent, due to the lack of centralized property rights enforcement. At the same time, the importance of friendship networks and drug sharing is a recently documented feature of the marijuana market. Recent studies show an increased role of acquiring marijuana through friends, especially in settings where drug policy is rather punitive. This thesis extends this research into the norms that marijuana users attribute to their definition friendship. To do this, the thesis conceptualizes friendship as a type of institution that reduces the transaction costs on the market, and like that, it limits the decision making of marijuana market players. DATA: Marijuana market patterns in the Czech Republic and North-Central Florida were analyzed via both qualitative and quantitative research methods. For the purpose of the qualitative study, 44 (resp 66) study participants were marijuana users and retailers recruited at North-Central Florida (resp in the Czech Republic), with the use of respondent-driven sampling. Inclusion criteria into the study was the use of marijuana in the last 12 months. Semi-structured interviews, that took 80 minutes on average, followed an interview guide focused on marijuana use, sharing, purchases, sales and growing, with extensive probes on activities of respondents` "friends", as they defined them. As for the quantitative data, marijuana market modules from two representative general population surveys on substance use were used (CS 2008, NSDUH). METHODS: Qualitative data were analysed with the use of inductive analysis, and were framed into institutional economics theory. Quantitative data were analyzed with the use ordinary logit models. FINDINGS: The study has shown remarkable impact of drug policies on cannabis markets via comparison between the Czech Republic and the U. S. (North-Central Florida). The study findings suggest that users' definitions of friendship include expectations for behavior that sustain the distribution chain within the marijuana markets. Respondents provided definitions of friendship that contained norms on marijuana sharing and reciprocation, purchases for friends, and introduction to the dealer - for whom the term "friend" has been used as a synonym in most cases. In quantitative analysis, acquistion through a friend made significant reduction of price at last purchase in the U. S., approaving the hypothesis that friendship can be an effective institution to reduce transaction costs on the market. In the Czech Republic, such analysis was inconclusive. This demonstrates that the importance of friendship might be higher in countries where drug prohibition is more severe. CONCLUSIONS: Punitive drug policy provides incentives to shrinking the market into social networks, and like that, it imposes harms on users in terms of decreasing control over their substance use can criminal risks (larger amounts purchased, and the risk of detection to regular citizens, who serve as middlemen on the market without an intention to make profit). For more precise estimates, further surveys shall distinguish between different modalities of friendship, and between different product types.
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De, Boeck Jérôme. "From vertical to horizontal structures :New optimization challenges in electricity markets." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/318361/3/main.pdf.

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La chaine d’approvisionnement énergétique a fortement évolué aux cours des 20 dernières années. La libéralisation des marchés de l’électricité et les nouvelles technologies ont fortement influencé la manière d’envisager la production et la transmission d’électricité. Les modèles mathématiques classiques utilisés dans les problèmes lié à l’énergie ont besoin d’être revus pour intégrer les contraintes pratiques modernes.Un problème classique pour un Compagnie Génératrice (CG) est le problème de Unit Commitment (UC) qui consiste à établir un plan de production pour une demande en électricité connue. Lorsque ce problème fut considéré, le prix de l’électricité et la demande étaient relativement simple à estimer comme une seule CG nationale avait le monopole du marché. Ce problème a été étudié de manière extensive en utilisant de la Programmation Mathématique (PM). Aujourd’hui, le prix de l’électricité est relativement volatile à cause de l’introduction de marchés dérégulés et la demande du marché est répartie entre plusieurs CGs en compétition sur divers marchés. Une CG ne peut se limiter à considérer un problème de UC seul pour envisager sa production. Il y a un besoin d’intégrer les incertitudes liées au marché de l’électricité et aux quantités à produire aux modèles utilisés pour qu’une CG puisse établir un plan de production rentable.La technologie a aussi permis d’envisager de nouveaux concept tel que les Micro-Grilles (MGs). Une MG est composée d’un ensemble de consommateurs reliés à travers un réseau de transmission, possédant des générateurs d’électricité et optimisant leur consommation interne. Ce concept est possible grâce à l’utilisation croissante d’énergies renouvelables locales ainsi que l’utilisant croissante d’appareils interconnectés. Cependant, étant donné que les énergies renouvelables ont un faible rendement, sont intermittentes et que les appareils de stockage d’énergie sont encore peu efficaces, les MGs ne peuvent pas envisager d’être pleinement autonome en électricité. Il y a donc une nécessité d’avoir un fournisseur d’électricité externe pour avoir suffisamment d’électricité disponible à tout moment. Une CG jouant le rôle de fournisseur auprès d’une MG fait face énormément d’incertitude concernant la demande à cause de la gestion interne de la MG sur laquelle elle n’a pas de contrôle.Dans cette thèse, des problèmes d’optimisation intégrant de nouvelles contraintes modernes liés à l’approvisionnement énergétique sont étudiés via la PM. Plusieurs problèmes considèrant des interactions entre plusieurs acteurs sont modélisés via des formulations bi-niveau. Nous illustrons comment les difficultés liées aux contraintes modernes peuvent être exploitées pour obtenir des propriétés permettant de reformuler les problèmes étudiés en formulation linéaire en nombre entiers. Des heuristiques performantes sont obtenus à partir des formulations exactes dont certaines sont applicables à des problèmes plus généraux. Une analyse extensive de la performance des méthodes de résolution ainsi que de l’influence des contraintes modernes sont présentées dans diverses expériences numériques.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Celebi, Emre. "MODELS OF EFFICIENT CONSUMER PRICING SCHEMES IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/811.

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Suppliers in competitive electricity markets regularly respond to prices that change hour by hour or even more frequently, but most consumers respond to price changes on a very different time scale, i. e. they observe and respond to changes in price as reflected on their monthly bills. This thesis examines mixed complementarity programming models of equilibrium that can bridge the speed of response gap between suppliers and consumers, yet adhere to the principle of marginal cost pricing of electricity. It develops a computable equilibrium model to estimate the time-of-use (TOU) prices that can be used in retail electricity markets. An optimization model for the supply side of the electricity market, combined with a price-responsive geometric distributed lagged demand function, computes the TOU prices that satisfy the equilibrium conditions. Monthly load duration curves are approximated and discretized in the context of the supplier's optimization model. The models are formulated and solved by the mixed complementarity problem approach. It is intended that the models will be useful (a) in the regular exercise of setting consumer prices (i. e. , TOU prices that reflect the marginal cost of electricity) by a regulatory body (e. g. , Ontario Energy Board) for jurisdictions (e. g. , Ontario) where consumers' prices are regulated, but suppliers offer into a competitive market, (b) for forecasting in markets without price regulation, but where consumers pay a weighted average of wholesale price, (c) in evaluation of the policies regarding time-of-use pricing compared to the single pricing, and (d) in assessment of the welfare changes due to the implementation of TOU prices.
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Tribl, Christoph [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Salhofer, and Alfons [Akademischer Betreuer] Balmann. "Spatial competition of food processors in pure and mixed markets under uniform delivered pricing / Christoph Tribl. Gutachter: Alfons Balmann. Betreuer: Klaus Salhofer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030099952/34.

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Tiberg, Fredrik. "VANLIGA MÄNNISKOR, MISSBRUKARE, FÖRBRYTARE OCH REKREATIONSANVÄNDARE EN MIXED-METHODS STUDIE AV PERSONER SOM DÖMTS FÖR NARKOTIKAKÖP PÅ INTERNET." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25532.

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Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vad som karaktäriserar personer som döms för narkotikabrott på internet och hur rättssystemet beskriver de dömdas sociala situation och motiv. Uppsatsen använder en mixed-methods metodologi med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ analys. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av dokument i form av domar och förundersökningsprotokoll. Den kvantitativa analysen har bland annat undersökt 222 dömda personers demografi, tidigare brottslighet och vilka påföljder de dömts till. Den kvalitativa analysen har undersökt hur de dömdas sociala situation och motiv beskrivits av rättsväsendet. Pierre Bourdieus teori om olika kapitalformer utgör uppsatsens teoretiska utgångspunkt. Narkotikamarknader kan betraktas som olika fält som i olika utsträckning kräver symboliskt kapital. Utmärkande för narkotikamarknaden på internet är att de inte kräver symboliskt kapital. Resultatet för både den kvantitativa och kvalitativa analysen visar att de dömda köparna är en heterogen grupp utifrån rättsväsendet beskrivningar. De dömda har en stor spridning gällande bland annat ålder, geografi och valet av substanser. En del av de dömda beskrivs som vanliga människor med ordnade sociala förhållanden. Andra dömda beskrivs ha stora problem gällande psykisk ohälsa, missbruk och kriminalitet. Beskrivningarna av motiven till att köpa narkotika på internet är att få tillgång till substanser av viss kvalité, kvantitet, pris eller typ. Men också att få annan typ av relation mellan köpare och säljare av narkotika som inte baseras på personliga kontakter.
The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the characteristics of persons who are sentenced for purchasing illicit drugs on the internet, and how the legal system describes the social situation and motives of the convicted persons. The thesis uses a mixed-method methodology with both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The empirical material consists of documents in the form of judgments and preliminary investigation protocols. The quantitative analysis has examined the demography, previous criminal records and the sanctions of 222 convicted persons. The qualitative analysis has examined how the social situation and motives of the convicted persons are described by the judicial system. Pierre Bourdieu's theory of capital forms constitutes the theoretical starting point of the essay. Drug markets can be regarded as fields which, to varying degrees, require symbolic capital. The characteristic of the drug markets on the internet is that they do not require symbolic capital. The result of both the quantitative and qualitative analysis is that the convicted buyers are described as a heterogeneous group in the documents of the legal system. The convicted are a diverse group regarding age, geography and choice substances. Some of the convicted are described as ordinary people with organized social conditions. Others convicted are described as having major problems with mental illness, drug abuse and crime. The descriptions of the motives for purchasing drugs on the internet are to access substances of a certain quality, quantity, price or type. But also, to access a different kind of relationship between the buyer and the seller of drugs.
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Books on the topic "Mixed markets"

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Democracy and markets: The politics of mixed economies. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.

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Sachs, Ignacy. Understanding development: People, markets and the state in mixed economies. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Hegberg, Bruce A. Post-consumer mixed plastics recycling: Characterization, collection, costs, and markets. Chicago, Ill. (Box 6998, Chicago 60680): University of Illinois Center for Solid Waste Management and Research, Office of Technology Transfer, School of Public Health, 1991.

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Greenberg, Joseph. A simple proof of the equivalence theorem for oligopolistic mixed markets. Stanford, Calif: Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences, Stanford University, 1986.

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Breckling, John. U.S. markets for cement & ready mix concrete. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Leading Edge Reports, 1988.

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G, Ricardo Caballero. Exchange rate volatility and the credit channel in emerging markets: A vertical perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Shafiqul, Islam, and Mandelbaum Michael, eds. Making markets: Economic transformation in Eastern Europe and the post-Soviet states. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1993.

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(Firm), Resource Recycling Systems. Creating recycled materials markets for mixed office paper: Roles, responsibilities and pressure points : final report. Ann Arbor, Mich: The Systems, 1993.

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Peredo, Elizabeth. Recoveras de los Andes: La identidad de la chola del mercado : una aproximación psicosocial. La Paz, Bolivia: ILDIS-TAHIPAMU, 1992.

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Peredo, Elizabeth. Recoveras de los Andes: Una aproximación a la identidad de la chola del mercado. 2nd ed. La Paz, Bolivia: Fundación Solón, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mixed markets"

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Wolfolds, Sarah. "Segmenting Mixed Markets." In Business With a Conscience, 194–210. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003139461-17.

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Jeanblanc, Monique, Marc Yor, and Marc Chesney. "Mixed Processes." In Mathematical Methods for Financial Markets, 551–90. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-737-4_10.

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Armijo, Leslie Elliott. "Mixed Blessing: Preliminary Conclusions." In Financial Globalization and Democracy in Emerging Markets, 309–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333994894_15.

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Morrison, Eleanor J. "Unbundling, Markets, and Regulation." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 471–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_24.

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AbstractEnergy market restructuring and liberalisation has produced mixed results. While wholesale market design and competition has matured, retail competition has remained static. This chapter discusses the reasons that contribute to the success and failure of energy market unbundling with the use of global examples. The new trends and policies in energy markets are discussed from a regulatory perspective including active investor participation, technological innovation, and the growth in renewable energy.
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Armijo, Leslie Elliott. "Mixed Blessing: Expectations about Foreign Capital Flows and Democracy in Emerging Markets." In Financial Globalization and Democracy in Emerging Markets, 17–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333994894_2.

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Geniaux, Ghislain, and Claude Napoléone. "Semi-Parametric Tools for Spatial Hedonic Models: An Introduction to Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression and Geoadditive Models." In Hedonic Methods in Housing Markets, 101–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76815-1_6.

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Wuebker, Georg, Vijay Mahajan, and Manjit S. Yadav. "Buyers’ Evaluations of Mixed Bundling Strategies in Price-Promoted Markets." In Optimal Bundling, 195–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09119-7_10.

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Maneejuk, Paravee, Woraphon Yamaka, and Songsak Sriboonchitta. "Mixed-Copulas Approach in Examining the Relationship Between Oil Prices and ASEAN’s Stock Markets." In Econometrics for Financial Applications, 531–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73150-6_42.

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Sommer, Elena. "Mixed market businesses." In Social Capital as a Resource for Migrant Entrepreneurship, 175–205. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29141-9_6.

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Bossley, Liz. "The Trading and Price Discovery of Oil Products." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 359–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_19.

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AbstractWhile crude oil is one of the biggest markets in the world the consumer has little interest in the raw material that comes out of the ground. It is the refined products that can be extracted from the crude oil that the end-user wants to know about. This chapter explains which hydrocarbons are mixed up inside a barrel of crude oil and how the refining process separates, treats and upgrades the composite to extract the usable products needed. It looks at whole crude properties and what these mean for handling and transporting the oil. It defines the different types of refinery processes, from primary distillation to reforming right through to cracking and coking. It describes the range of products that result from refining crude oil and the use to which each product is put.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mixed markets"

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Vongphan, Kanta, and Kulyos Audomvongseree. "Transmission loss allocation for mixed pool and bilateral markets." In 2009 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2009.5136954.

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Campos, Fco Alberto, Jose Villar, and Cristian Diaz. "Curve fitting with Mixed Integer Programming: Applications to electricity markets models." In 2011 European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2011.5953016.

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Porras-Ortiz, Augusto F., Ricardo Rubio-Barros, and Osvaldo Ano. "Strategic bidding in regional electricity markets: Alternative approach using mixed complementarity problems." In 2017 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-la.2017.8126751.

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Reddy, Meegada Indeevar, Radheshyam Saha, and Sudharshan K. Valluru. "Modelling Financially Motivated Cyber Attacks on Electricity Markets Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming." In 2020 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpects49113.2020.9337038.

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Iglesias, Carlos Ángel, J. Fernando Sánchez-Rada, Paul Buitelaar, and Francesco Danza. "Mixed Emotions - Social Semantic Emotion Analysis for Innovative Multilingual Big Data Analytics Markets." In European Project Space on Intelligent Technologies, Software engineering, Computer Vision, Graphics, Optics and Photonics. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007904101160123.

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AYODELE, Timothy, and Abel OLALEYE. "IMPACT OF ADDING SECURITISED PROPERTY INTO MIXED-ASSET PORTFOLIO IN EMERGING MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA." In 16th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2016_111.

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Schmid, Kyrill, Lenz Belzner, Robert Müller, Johannes Tochtermann, and Claudia Linnhoff-Popien. "Stochastic Market Games." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/54.

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Some of the most relevant future applications of multi-agent systems like autonomous driving or factories as a service display mixed-motive scenarios, where agents might have conflicting goals. In these settings agents are likely to learn undesirable outcomes in terms of cooperation under independent learning, such as overly greedy behavior. Motivated from real world societies, in this work we propose to utilize market forces to provide incentives for agents to become cooperative. As demonstrated in an iterated version of the Prisoner's Dilemma, the proposed market formulation can change the dynamics of the game to consistently learn cooperative policies. Further we evaluate our approach in spatially and temporally extended settings for varying numbers of agents. We empirically find that the presence of markets can improve both the overall result and agent individual returns via their trading activities.
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LIUBKINA, Olena, Natalia KOVTUN, Mariya KNIR, and Lyudmyla ANISIMOVA. "SCENARIO MODELING OF FRONTIER FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT." In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.612.

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Purpose – Hypothesis verification and quantification of the relationship between drivers and the resulting factors for a lasting impact on the long-term ICT development, globalization, structural changes in the geo-economy and changes in socio-ethical standards in society in the frontier financial markets. Research methodology – Based on open source information, a database of almost 19,000 data was formed - 748 obser-vations by country on 25 indicators. The simulation was performed on the basis of a mixed-model, which is a statistical model that is an extended version of the General Linear Model (GLM), using SAS / STAT® 13.1 software. Findings – Based on the Solution for Fixed Effects and Solution for Random Effects and the test of fixed effects, glo-balization, economic dominance, economic growth and human development were identified as statistically significant patterns of transformation of frontier financial markets. Research limitations – The paper does not attempt a comprehensive coverage of the topic. However, it identifies main drivers of the development of frontier financial markets and makes calls for further research. Practical implications – The findings are likely to be useful for practitioners and researchers to gain knowledge about the main drivers of the frontier financial markets development. Originality/Value – The application of the technique of multidimensional ranking of drivers has identified globalization, geoeconomic changes and human development as the most influential drivers for the development of frontier financial markets.
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Townsend, Timothy, and Helena Solo-Gabriele. "Potential Concerns and Impacts of CCA-Treated Wood for the Waste-to-Energy Industry." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1676.

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An issue that has received much attention in the U.S. in recent years, especially in Florida, is the impact of CCA-treated wood on human health and the environment (Decker et al. 2002; Gordon et al. 2002) , including risks faced as a result of discarded CCA-treated wood in the solid waste stream (Townsend et al. 2001; Townsend et al. 2003). CCA-treated wood is preserved with copper, chromium and arsenic. All of the metals have toxic impacts at high exposures; it is arsenic however, which has raised the greatest concern (it is more hazardous at lower concentrations than the other CCA constituents). CCA-treated wood often becomes mixed with other wood from construction and demolition (C&D) debris (Tolaymat et al. 2000). Mixed C&D debris wood is either landfilled along with the rest of the C&D debris stream (e.g. concrete, gypsum drywall) or it is separated and processed for a variety of recycling markets.
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Herout, Adam, Michal Zacharias, Marketa Dubska, and Jiri Havel. "Fractal marker fields: No more scale limitations for fiduciary markers." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismar.2012.6402576.

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Reports on the topic "Mixed markets"

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Kim, Cheonkoo, Jungsoo Park, Donghyun Park, and Shu Tian. Heterogeneous Effect of Uncertainty on Corporate Investment: Evidence from Listed Firms in the Republic of Korea. Asian Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220044-2.

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It finds that financial uncertainty has a significant negative effect on corporate investment and the effects are mixed across firms of different sizes. Small firms and large firms are more exposed to the negative uncertainty effects than medium-sized firms. Financial constraints and investment irreversibility amplify the negative effects of uncertainty. Small and medium-sized firms are more financially constrained and large firms’ investments are more irreversible in nature. The authors suggest that policies target the development of capital markets and bond markets for small and medium-sized firms and focus on competitiveness, not protection.
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Dolado, Juan J., Etienne Lalé, and Hélène Turon. Zero-hours Contracts in a Frictional Labor Market. CIRANO, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/hvdc9170.

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We propose a model to evaluate the U.K.’s zero-hours contract (ZHC) – a contract that exempts employers from the requirement to provide any minimum working hours, and allows workers to decline any workload. We find quantitatively mixed welfare effects of ZHCs. On one hand they unlock job creation among firms that face highly volatile business conditions and increase labor force participation of individuals who prefer flexible work schedules. On the other hand, the use of ZHCs by less volatile firms, where jobs are otherwise viable under regular contracts, reduces welfare and likely explains negative employee reactions to this contract.
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Martínez-Ventura, Constanza, Jorge Ricardo Mariño-Martínez, and Javier Iván Miguélez-Márquez. Redundancy of Centrality Measures in Financial Market Infrastructures. Banco de la República de Colombia, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1206.

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The concept of centrality has been widely used to monitor systems with a network structure because it allows identifying their most influential participants. But this monitoring task can be difficult if the number of system participants is considerably large or if the wide variety of centrality measures currently available produce non-coincident (or mixed) signals. This document uses principal component analysis to evaluate a set of centrality measures calculated for the financial institutions that participate in four financial market infrastructures of Colombia. The results obtained are used to construct general indices of centrality, using the strongest measures of centrality as inputs, and leaving aside those considered redundant.
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Frisancho, Verónica, and Martín Valdivia. Savings Groups Reduce Vulnerability, but Have Mixed Effects on Financial Inclusion. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002910.

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This paper evaluates the impact of the introduction of savings groups on poverty, vulnerability, and financial inclusion outcomes in rural Peru. Using a cluster randomized control trial and relying on both survey and administrative records, we investigate the impact of savings groups after more than two years of exposure. We find t hat savings groups channel expensive investments such as housing improvements and reduce households' vulnerability to idiosyncratic shocks, particularly among households in poorer districts. The treatment also induces changes in households labor allocation choices: access to savings groups increases female labor market participation and, in poorer areas, it fosters greater specialization in agricultural activities. Access to savings groups also leads to a four-percentage point increase in access to credit among women, mainly driven by access to the groups loans. However, the introduction of savings groups has no impact on the likelihood of using formal financial services.On the contrary, it discourages access to loans from formal financial institutions and microfinance lenders among the unbanked.
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John W. Goodrich-Mahoney and Paul Ziemkiewicz. Demonstrating a Market-Based Approach to the Reclamation of Mined Lands in West Virginia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889658.

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John W. Goodrich-Mahoney and Paul Ziemkiewicz. Demonstrating a Market-Based Approach to the Reclamation of Mined Lands in West Virginia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889715.

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John W. Goodrich-Mahoney and Paul Ziemkiewicz. Demonstrating a Market-Based Approach to the Reclamation of Mined Lands in West Virginia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889716.

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John W. Goodrich-Mahoney and Paul Ziemkiewicz. Demonstrating a Market-Based Approach to the Reclamation of Mined Lands in West Virginia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889731.

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John W. Goodrich-Mahoney and Paul Ziemkiewicz. Demonstrating a Market-Based Approach to the Reclamation of Mined Lands in West Virgina. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889734.

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John W. Goodrich-Mahoney and Paul Ziemkiewicz. Demonstrating a Market-Based Approach to the Reclamation of Mined Lands in West Virginia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889748.

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