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1
Nelson, Jennifer Louise. "Liberated Africans in the Atlantic World : the courts of Mixed Commission in Havana and Rio de Janeiro 1819-1871." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10421/.
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This thesis compares two courts of Mixed Commission for the suppression of the slave trade in two notorious slave trading ports: Havana and Rio de Janeiro. Treaties, through which Britain imposed slave trade laws, led to the establishment of bilateral Mixed Commissions courts for the suppression of the slave trade in several Atlantic ports in the early nineteenth century. The Commissions have generally been viewed by scholars as important, but precursory to effective abolition of the slave trade; institutions which did not deter slave traders. Here the impact of these courts is addressed principally through the study of the liberated Africans or “recaptives” who the courts were intended to free. It demonstrates the potential and legacy of the Mixed Commissions in light of British reluctance to sabotage economic dominance, despite its dedication to eradicating the slave trade. Drawing on research in archives in Britain, Brazil and Cuba it highlights the importance of addressing local socio-economic circumstances and British imperial policy and objectives in each place, as well as viewing the courts as part of a wider Atlantic system. In doing so it reveals the challenges that the courts represented to slave traders and slave societies during the zenith of the slave trade to both locations.
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Sigafoos, Jennifer A. "The European Court of Justice and social policy : a mixed methods analysis of preliminary references from the EU-15, 1996-2009." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4d612059-2269-4e16-94bd-1e9180c2f3e2.
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Although social policy was once perceived to be solely within the purview of the nation state, there has been a move toward a more European social policy. The European Court of Justice for the European Communities (‘Court of Justice’ or ‘Court’) determines the scope of European law and how it affects national welfare states. The court’s decisions will affect not only the national law of the member states with regard to social policy but also the direction of European social policy as it expands. However, the ECJ does not choose the policy areas in which it makes its decisions, but instead reacts to the preliminary references that are sent by the national courts of the Member States. These preliminary references from the Member States will set the Court’s agenda. Preliminary references are unevenly distributed across the Member States of the EU, and some Member States’ preliminary references are concentrated in particular policy areas. The jurisprudence of the Court, and consequently the social policy of the EU, could be steered by this uneven distribution. This thesis will answer the threshold question of why scholars of social policy should care about the Court of Justice, with a legal analysis of some key themes in the Court’s decisions in the area of social policy. It will then employ a mixed methods research design to explain the variation in rates of social policy preliminary references from the EU-15. First, a Time Series Cross-Section (TSCS) model will be used to test a series of hypotheses generated from the literature, and three novel hypotheses, in a dataset of social policy preliminary references from the EU-15 from 1996 to 2009. Next, a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) (Ragin 2000) will group the variables that were found to be significant into sets of conditions, or ‘causal pathways,’ that lead to higher and lower rates of social policy preliminary references. Finally, two qualitative case studies will be conducted, in the UK and France. Analysis of documentary evidence and 25 expert interviews in the two member states and at the Court of Justice will further explain and illuminate the differing usage of preliminary reference process. The analysis of the mixed methods is integrated in the final stage. Implications for the direction of EU law related to social policy and the future development of European social policy will be considered in the concluding chapter.
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Touchton, Gregory D. "Microbial Source Tracking in a Mixed Use Watershed in Northern Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34322.
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Prince William County, located in the rapidly developing Northern Virginia region, contains watersheds of mixed rural and urban/suburban uses. As part of Virginia regulations, recreational waters must be tested and remain under a certain standard for levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). The sources of fecal pollution in neighboring watersheds within the county were determined over the 12 months previous to this project by performing Antibiotic Resistance Analysis (ARA, a microbial source tracking protocol) on Enterococcus and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study indicated that multiple sources of pollution were present at all sampling locations and that the dominant sources of contamination were related to the land-use patterns and human activities that were adjacent to each location.
The goal of the current project was to monitor and identify the sources of fecal pollution in eight streams in the Occoquan Basin (OQB) that have been classified as impaired waters due to high E. coli concentrations. Project objectives were i) employ microbial source tracking technology to identify the categories of sources that were responsible for the bacterial impairments; ii) develop and analyze appropriate Known Source Libraries (KSL's) to determine the best design for identifying the sources of water-sample isolates; and iii) evaluate the use of optical brighteners in freshwater by fluorometry as an indicator for human-origin pollution. One site on each of six streams and two sites on the remaining two (ten total) were selected for E. coli and Enterococcus monitoring and microbial source tracking. Repeated sampling of the ten locations for thirteen months assessed the concentrations of the bacteria over time, while comparison of monthly bacterial concentrations to the U.S. standards was used to verify the impaired water designation.
Three thousand, four hundred and eighty-eight Enterococcus and 969 E. coli water-sample isolates were collected and evaluated to determine their sources. These isolates were compared to several known source libraries (KSL's) comprised of host-origin isolates collected from the Northern Virginia region. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using a KSL of unique isolates determined wildlife were the dominant source of fecal pollution. Results based on ARA were cross-validated through fluorometry of the water samples (to detect optical brighteners in detergents as human-derived pollution) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE, a DNA fingerprinting technique) of select E. coli isolates. In order to determine the best method to classify the water-sample isolates, variation in antibiotic resistance data representation, known source isolate inclusion, and LDA processing were compared. The KSL that used the most antibiotic resistance datapoints, contained no conflicting data, and performed most of the parameters associated with standard LDA, classified water-sample isolates the most successfully. This project involves the first thorough testing of fluorometry for the detection of human signatures in freshwaters.
Monitoring results showed consistent Enterococcus and E. coli contamination in all eight streams, demonstrating that each had been correctly placed on Virginia's impaired waters list by state regulatory agencies. Counts between Enterococcus and E. coli did not correlate well, although concentrations of both indicator organisms were higher during dry months. Source tracking results determined a dominant wildlife signature at all sites. Few Enterococcus water-source isolates were classified as human and fluorescence at all sites was consistently low. KSL's with antibiotic resistance data represented as binary values classified isolates the best. Removal of conflicting isolates improved the KSL's rate of correct classification (RCC). Creation of an unknown category, clustering of the KSL, and only accepting results above a threshold did not appreciably improve the RCC.
The KSL with the binary representation was not used to classify isolates because it violates the normal distribution assumption of LDA. Differences in the results of Enterococcus and E. coli source classifications indicated that contributing sources vary in frequency. Human fecal matter was shown to be of little concern because both Enterococcus ARA and fluorometry indicated low presence. The positive predictive value (PPV) statistic was found to be preferable to the minimum detectable percentage (MDP) because it does not depend on KSL size. Establishing confidence intervals to determine completeness of KSL allows one to determine whether particular methods to refine the KSL will be helpful.
This project was successfully completed and the monitored streams were correctly identified by state authorities as impaired waters. Source tracking results often conflicted, although wildlife and pets were indicated as the major sources of impairment by ARA. More local source samples need to be taken to verify this result. The best ARA library design used only unique isolates, all pattern data points, and removed conflicting isolates. Continuing examination of the representation of library data as binary is necessary to determine whether the statistical assumptions in LDA prevent meaningful results. Evaluation of fluorometry was partially successful as the absence of "hotspots" of high fluorescent brighteners agreed with ARA results that indicated little contamination form human sources. The fluorometer continues to have potential as a metric of waste in freshwater although more work needs to be done to fully prove its utility.Master of Science
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Rabbat, Fadi. "Le mariage mixte : une réalité antiochienne orthodoxe à réexaminer." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK005/document.
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Le mariage, l’un des sacrements orthodoxes, préfigure l’Église qui accueille, nourrit et véhicule la communion de foi de ses fidèles. La foi est don de Dieu et réponse de celui qui la reçoit, trait d’union entre grâce divine et liberté humaine. Mais, l’unité de foi implique aussi l’unité sacramentelle, surtout dans le mariage. Dans ce sens, les mariages mixtes peuvent engendrer des problèmes conceptuels, juridiques et sociologiques. Pourtant, ils sont toujours célébrés. Cette thèse pose un certain nombre de questions. Faut-il mettre en garde les couples mixtes ? Sont-ils moins bien considérés que les « vrais » couples orthodoxes ? Les diverses positions orthodoxes liées aux mariages mixtes sont-elles vraiment conformes à l’esprit de l’Église universelle / Mysticum corpus Christi ? Pour l’Église orthodoxe, le mariage mixte est « incomplet » car il ne porte aucune unité de foi et n’est pas scellé par l’eucharistie, même s’il a les mêmes effets juridiques que le mariage ecclésial. Cette pratique ne risque-t-elle pas de porter atteinte à la liberté humaine ou de pousser certains fidèles à s’engager, malgré eux, dans une double appartenance confessionnelle ? C’est entre autres à ces questions que cette thèse tente de répondre. L’Église orthodoxe doit, à notre avis, s’interroger sur certains aspects pragmatiques des mariages mixtes. L’hétérogénéité du couple n’a au final pas grande importance par rapport à la miséricorde divine et l’amour des conjoints. Nous pensons que les couples mixtes sont parfois capables de réaliser leur unité dans le Christ, en instaurant un véritable dialogue œcuménique, basé sur l´expérience antiochienne de l’économie : oikonomiaThe marriage is one of the orthodox sacraments; being so, it prefigures the church that welcomes, nourishes and conveys the faith communion of its supporters. The faith is a grant from God and an answer to the one that receives it, and a link between divine grace and human liberty. But, the unity of faith also implies the sacramental unity, especially in the marriage. In this sense, the mixed marriages can generate conceptual, legal and sociological problems. Yet, they continue to be celebrated. This thesis asks some questions. Is it necessary to put in guard the mixed couples? Are they less well considered than the "true" orthodox couples? The distinct orthodox positions relative to the mixed marriages are really in conformity with the spirit of the universal church / Mysterious body of the Christ? The Orthodox Church considers the mixed marriage as "incomplete" because it doesn't concern a unity of faith and the Eucharist does not seal it. Yet, it carries the same legal effects that the ecclesiastic marriage. Doesn't this practice risk to undermine the human liberty or to push some supporters to enter, without wanting, into a double confessional adherence? This is one of those questions that this thesis tempts to answer. The Orthodox Church has, in our view, to reconsider some pragmatic aspects of mixed marriages.The heterogeneity of the couple doesn't have big importance compared to the God's mercy and love between spouses. Therefore, we think that the mixed couples are sometimes capable to achieve their unity in Christ, while instituting between them a real ecumenical dialogue, based on the Antiochian experience of economy: oikonomia
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Zhang, Chi. "Co-existing City." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491304914633249.
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Carter, Adrienne Patricia. "A Spectral Modeling Strategy for the Analysis of Mixed Pixels (Broward County, Florida)." NSUWorks, 2006. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/122.
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Cletzer, David Adam. "Eco-Leadership in Practice: A Mixed Methods Study of County 4-H Programs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73652.
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Our understanding of leaders and the role they play in organizations and society is changing. Four broad discourses of leadership have been identified as occurring during the past 100 years: controller, therapist, messiah, and eco-leader. The most recent, eco-leader discourse, is characterized by collective decision-making, collaboration, shared leadership, and grassroots organization. Eco-leadership is believed to be beneficial for organizations operating in a 21st century, knowledge-driven economy. A quintessential example of an ecological organization is the Extension Service's 4-H program, the organization which this study examines. However, in 4-H, as in many organizations, a majority of leadership development efforts focus on the individual, positional leader. Further, the vast majority of the literature devoted to eco-leadership is conceptual in nature; empirical studies linking leadership approaches to organizational outcomes are rare.
This study uses an explanatory sequential mixed methods design to examine: (a) the nature of the relationship between county 4-H agents' leadership discourse preferences and programmatic success; (b) county 4-H association members' levels of systemic and hierarchical thinking and programmatic success; (c) the way in which county 4-H association members' perceive their leadership within their counties; and (d) the relationship between these volunteers' perceptions of their leadership and other variables associated with programmatic success.
Findings indicate that the therapist discourse was the most preferred discourse among county 4-H agents, but that agents' discourse scores were unrelated to county 4-H program success. Associations' levels of hierarchical and systemic thinking were also not related to county 4-H program success. Additionally, county 4-H association members reported that: (a) agents play a central role in decision making and communication within the association; (b) association members rarely make decisions on programmatic matters; (c) associations are often not structured in accordance with 4-H's policy for associations; and (d) members are not provided opportunities for development in their roles as association members.Ph. D.
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Miller, Julie B. "Exploring the Interaction of Student Loan Debt and Longevity Planning Within the Context of the Family:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108484.
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Thesis advisor: Erika SabbathAs college degrees become increasingly standard expectations for middle-to-high wage positions in the workforce, growing numbers of children and parents in the United States are accruing and repaying loans for postsecondary education. At the same time, the United States is witnessing unprecedented rates of longevity and a subsequent need for more intentional financial planning for retirement that starts earlier in life. The goal of this three-paper dissertation is to explore how student loans are experienced within families and discover the ways in which borrowers of different ages perceive and prioritize retirement and longevity-planning in light of their student loans. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative data collected through a concurrent triangulation mixed methods study design, the first two papers explored how student loan borrowers make, negotiate, and experience student loans within their family of origin. Paper 1 focused on the family context of borrowers repaying loans for their own education, and Paper 2 focused on the family context of borrowers repaying loans for a child or grandchildren education, several of whom were also repaying additional loans for their own educational expenses. Ultimately, the ways in which families communicated about student loans during repayment played at least a partial role in how they experienced the loans as part of their overall family dynamics. Shifting from a focus on family dynamics to longevity planning, Paper 3 focused on ways in which borrowers perceive and plan for longevity in light of the loans they carry for themselves and/or family members. Results suggest that planning for future financial security for oneself and/or family members may be less achievable with the presence of student loan debt. The main contribution of this dissertation is its attempt to understand the ways in which borrowers experience student loans in family systems and longevity planning contexts. This dissertation has also highlighted gaps in knowledge that policymakers, practitioners, and scholars can begin to address with current and potential student loan borrowers
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Gottfried, Gerald J. "Effects of patch clearcutting on water yield improvement and on timber production in an Arizona mixed conifer watershed." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=.
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Zorland, Jennifer L. "Assessing Problem Gambling and Co-Occurring Substance Use and Criminal Activity among Drug Court Clients." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/62.
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Research has demonstrated that problem gambling is associated with substance and alcohol abuse (Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005), participation in criminal activities (McCorkle, 2002; Meyer & Stadler, 1999), and involvement in the criminal justice system (NORC, 1999). This study assessed problem gambling and its relation to crime and substance use within a population in which these risk factors are compounded: Adults mandated to participate in drug and DUI courts. Results indicate that the prevalence and severity of problem gambling may be higher within this population than any other. Furthermore, the results of qualitative and quantitative analyses converged to highlight that gambling, crime and substance use are interrelated behaviors, as each may lead to and/or reinforce the other. These findings suggest that problem gambling is a salient issue among substance-abusing offenders and that resources should be dedicated to screening those involved with the criminal justice system for problem gambling, establishing evidence based best practices in the prevention and treatment of problem gambling within this population, and that such practices may incorporate components addressing gambling, crime, and substance use.
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Hou, Qingbin. "La Cour Mixte Française de Shanghai à la fin des Qing (1869-1911)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN004.
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Ce travail traite un sujet négligé par les historiens chinois et occidentaux : la cour mixte française de Shanghai à la fin des Qing (1869-1911), un tribunal chargé de régler les litiges entre résidents étrangers et chinois, ceci sur la base d’archives françaises et chinoises inédites. Le chapitre premier retrace l’établissement de la cour, en décrit la juridiction et le personnel. Le chapitre deux réévalue le conflit juridictionnel entre la cour mixte française et la cour mixte internationale de Shanghai en 1902, à la suite duquel la cour mixte française fut reconnue par les autres puissances occidentales. Le chapitre trois procède à une relecture détaillée des jugements rendus par la cour, qui montre l’influence croissante mais encore limitée du Droit Civil. Le chapitre quatre restitue l’influence de la justice traditionnelle chinoise dans le règlement des litiges entre Chinois où la médiation reste plus importante que le jugement formel. Les chapitres cinq et six examinent la justice pénale rendue par la cour dans les infractions aux règlements municipaux au moyen desquels le Consul français entreprit de discipliner les comportements des habitants chinois de la concession. Imposant sa juridiction sur les affaires criminelles par l’aggravation de peine des délinquants et la correctionnalisation des crimes, il parvint à réduire l’intervention des magistrats chinois. Cette étude entend contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la justice dans la concession étrangère de Shanghai, et à une meilleure compréhension des éléments composites qui ont contribué à la modernisation de la Chine à la fin des QingThis work deals with a subject neglected by Chinese and Western historians: the French mixed court of Shanghai in the Late Qing (1869-1911), a tribunal to settle disputes between foreign and Chinese residents, on the basis of archives French and Chinese. Chapter One reviews the establishment of the court, describes its jurisdiction and staff. Chapter Two re-evaluates the jurisdictional dispute between the French Mixed Court and the Shanghai International Mixed Court in 1902, after which the French Mixed Court was recognized by the other Western powers. Chapter Three gives a detailed analysis of the judgments rendered by the court, which shows the growing but still limited influence of Civil Law. Chapter Four restores the influence of traditional Chinese justice in the settlement of disputes between Chinese in which mediation remains more important than formal judgment. Chapters Five and Six examine the criminal justice system rendered by the court in breaches of municipal by-laws by which the French Consul undertook to discipline the behavior of the Chinese inhabitants of the concession. Imposing its jurisdiction over criminal cases through the aggravation of the penalties of offenders and the correctionalization of crimes, he succeeded in reducing the intervention of the Chinese magistrates. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of justice in the Shanghai foreign concession, and to a better understanding of the composite elements that contributed to the modernization of China at the end of the Qing
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Auten, Steve R. "Mortality Assessment of Redwood and Mixed Conifer Forest Types in Santa Cruz County Following Wildfire." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/878.
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On August 12, 2009, the Lockheed Fire ignited the west slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains burning approximately 7,819 acres. Foresters and other land managers were left with challenging decisions on how to evaluate tree mortality. Big Creek Lumber Company, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly)’s Swanton Pacific Ranch (SPR), and other resource professionals familiar with this region teamed up to develop a method for evaluating damage and thereby mortality for redwood, California nutmeg, live oak, tanoak, California bay, Pacific madrone, big leaf maple, Douglas-fir, Monterey pine, and knobcone pine. Quantitative damage criteria were used to design three Mortality Assessment models (MA), divided into three diameter at breast height classes (1-8.9, 9-16.9, >17 inches), for all tree species. These models were compared against pre-fire data from 82, one-fifth acre fixed plots from SPR’s Continuous Forest Inventory. Since the initial evaluation using the new MA in Fall 2009, each of the 2,877 trees were re-evaluated in Spring 2010 and Spring 2011 to determine if initial evaluations from the MA in 2009 were correct. To date, predictions to determine individual tree mortality using the Mortality Assessment models have been 89.3% correct.
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Wade, Timothy Rion. "Use of Escherichia coli for Microbial Source Tracking in a Mixed Use Watershed in Northern Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35339.
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Prince William County, located in the rapidly developing Northern Virginia region, contains watersheds of mixed rural and urban/suburban uses. The project goal was to monitor and evaluate 21 stream locations, over 13 months, in the Occoquan Basin identified as impaired due to high E. coli densities. One site on each of eight streams, two sites on each of five streams, and three sites on the remaining stream were chosen for E. coli monitoring and microbial source tracking (MST). MST was performed using antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA) and fluorometric analysis. Escherichia coli was chosen as the indicator bacterium for purposes of comparison with previous project data and because a large body of evidence supports its use in freshwater systems.
This study involved the only known MST project to incorporate data from five or more consecutive years. A total of 2854 environmental isolates were collected for analysis with ARA. These isolates were classified using a known source library (KSL) that consisted of 1003 unique resistance patterns. The resistance patterns of the KSL came from known fecal sources (human, pets, livestock, wildlife) in Prince William County. The KSL included isolates from previous years but was also updated with fresh isolates. The accuracy of the KSL was assessed through the use of a challenge set. The challenge set was classified against the KSL using discriminant analysis, verified by logistic regression. The average rate of correct classification was 93% for discriminant analysis and 96% for logistic regression.
Results indicated that multiple sources of contamination were present at all sampling locations and that the major source(s) (human, pets, livestock, wildlife) of contamination were generally related to the land-use patterns and human activities at each location. Although no major or minor human signatures were found, all but two locations had either pet or livestock as the major signature, suggesting that human-related activities are playing a key role in contamination of the streams. Pets were the single most frequent major signature and wildlife was the most common minor signature.
Fluorometric analysis was used to corroborate human-derived contamination. Fluorometric analysis has the ability to detect the presence of optical brighteners, synthetic compounds added to such household items as laundry detergent, dishwashing detergent and other washing agents. Despite having an undesirably high rate of false negatives (negative fluorometry readings not supported by ARA), fluorometric analysis maintained a low rate of false positives (positive fluorometry readings not supported by ARA) and continued to demonstrate its potential for source tracking.
This project represented one of the first attempts at applying a full suite of performance criteria now recommended by the source tracking community for all MST projects. Such concepts as experimental design, toolbox approach, minimum detectable percentage, quantification, accuracy, specificity, robustness, range of applicability, and practicality were successfully incorporated. These performance criteria have in effect set a new standard to which all subsequent MST projects should adhere.Master of Science
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Bergvall, Olof. "Cohomology of arrangements and moduli spaces." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132822.
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This thesis mainly concerns the cohomology of the moduli spaces ℳ3[2] and ℳ3,1[2] of genus 3 curves with level 2 structure without respectively with a marked point and some of their natural subspaces. A genus 3 curve which is not hyperelliptic can be realized as a plane quartic and the moduli spaces 𝒬[2] and 𝒬1[2] of plane quartics without respectively with a marked point are given special attention. The spaces considered come with a natural action of the symplectic group Sp(6,𝔽2) and their cohomology groups thus become Sp(6,𝔽2)-representations. All computations are therefore Sp(6,𝔽2)-equivariant. We also study the mixed Hodge structures of these cohomology groups. The computations for ℳ3[2] are mainly via point counts over finite fields while the computations for ℳ3,1[2] primarily uses a description due to Looijenga in terms of arrangements associated to root systems. This leads us to the computation of the cohomology of complements of toric arrangements associated to root systems. These varieties come with an action of the corresponding Weyl group and the computations are equivariant with respect to this action.
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Zorland, Jennifer Lee. "Assessing Problem Gambling and Co-Occurring Substance Use and Criminal Activity among Drug Court Clients." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/67.
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Research has demonstrated that problem gambling is associated with substance and alcohol abuse (Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005), participation in criminal activities (McCorkle, 2002; Meyer & Stadler, 1999), and involvement in the criminal justice system (NORC, 1999). This study assessed problem gambling and its relation to crime and substance use within a population in which these risk factors are compounded: Adults mandated to participate in drug and DUI courts. Results indicate that the prevalence and severity of problem gambling may be higher within this population than any other. Furthermore, the results of qualitative and quantitative analyses converged to highlight that gambling, crime and substance use are interrelated behaviors, as each may lead to and/or reinforce the other. These findings suggest that problem gambling is a salient issue among substance-abusing offenders and that resources should be dedicated to screening those involved with the criminal justice system for problem gambling, establishing evidence based best practices in the prevention and treatment of problem gambling within this population, and that such practices may incorporate components addressing gambling, crime, and substance use.
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Paine, Naomi. "Challenging what is known : A mixed method study of perceptions and experiences of social exclusion among the oldest old." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2021. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/14d3bafd35e7a3f522761e5da6839f2924cccb012823a742587f4f110f9891c2/5375441/Paine_2021_Challenging_what_is_known_a_mixed_%5BREDACTED%5D.pdf.
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Introduction
People aged 80 and beyond constitute the fastest growing sector of the Australian population. Referred to as the ‘oldest old’, they are generally assumed to be most vulnerable to social exclusion, yet their voices are seldom studied. Although there is no consensus when it comes to a definition of social exclusion, nor measurement, or systematic collection of data, social exclusion is often conceptualised as a dynamic process by which individuals, groups and populations are prevented from realising their rights and opportunities for health and wellbeing (Popay et al., 2008). This thesis addresses a key gap in the literature, namely, to examine the context, causes, and consequences of social exclusion among the oldest old.
Method
Guided by the paradigm of constructivism, this thesis employed a critical gerontology theoretical framework and a mixed-methods research design (quantitative and qualitative). The first study was a cross-sectional analysis of a national data source (Housing, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia wave 16, n= 307) and examined whether individual- and neighbourhood-level characteristics were associated with perceived social exclusion, and whether these factors relate to health using ANOVA and multivariable linear regression. Measures of individual-level characteristics included household composition, housing tenure, annual equivalised income, country of birth, level of education, and disability status. The neighbourhood-level characteristic measured was neighbourhood area disadvantage. The social exclusion measures covered perceived unsupportive relationships, perceived neighbourhood exclusion and community disengagement, and were derived via Principal Components Analysis. The contribution of social exclusion to the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and health was examined using effect modification analysis.
The qualitative study consisted of in-depth semi-structured interviews with a subgroup often missing in population surveys but singled out in the literature as being at risk of social exclusion: public housing residents who live alone. Purposive sampling, which included doorknocking, recruited 13 participants. Transcriptions of interviews were examined using thematic analysis. Findings based on the integration and interpretation of the quantitative and qualitative study are drawn together to offer new knowledge about social exclusion amongst the oldest old.
Results
Household composition, level of education and neighbourhood disadvantage were found to be associated with differing vulnerability and differing measures (domains) of social exclusion for men and women. Oldest old men who live alone (compared to those in multi-person households) were more likely to perceive themselves to be lacking in supportive relationships. For men, living in poorer neighbourhoods was associated with a heightened perception of feeling their neighbourhood was unsafe. Conversely, living alone for women was associated with higher levels of community engagement. For women, living in poorer neighbourhoods was associated with higher levels of neighbourhood cohesion. Both men and women with lower levels of education than their counterparts were more disengaged from their community. These associations remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic factors.
The second component of the quantitative study revealed limited evidence that individual- and neighbourhood characteristics influenced self-reported health. For men, higher income and disability status were significantly associated with poorer general health, and for women, living in a multi-person household and reporting a disability were significantly associated with poor general health. For both men and women, disability was the only factor found to be significantly associated with poorer mental health, suggesting that mental health was similar irrespective of household composition, housing tenure, income level, country of birth, education, and whether one lived in an advantaged or disadvantaged neighbourhood.
There was limited evidence of the moderating effect of social exclusion on the relationship between individual- and neighbourhood characteristics and health. Contrary to expectations, it appeared that higher levels of social exclusion contributed to better health. For example: for women who were born in a country where English was not the native language, higher perceptions of neighbourhood exclusion (i.e. crime and noise) had a positive effect on mental health; and for women living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods increasing neighbourhood noise had a positive effect on general health.
From the qualitative study, seven themes emerged from the interviews which seemed to have a protective effect on perceptions of non-social exclusion. These were sense of supportive relationships, sense of neighbourhood, sense of physical and mental health, sense of home and autonomy, life-course experiences, psychological beliefs and adaptations, and contributing to society. The qualitative interviews showed that lone dwelling oldest old living in public housing did not identify with social exclusion.
Discussion and Conclusions
A growing body of literature suggests that the oldest old, especially those from a disadvantaged background, are vulnerable to the poor health and wellbeing outcomes of social exclusion. The oldest old are underrepresented in social exclusion research. The integration of the mixed method findings via meta-inference provides new and deeper insight into the interrelationship and pathways between ageing and exclusion from participants own perceptions and lived experience. First, there was limited compelling evidence of social exclusion amongst vulnerable groups of oldest old. Second, some characteristics thought to increase vulnerability to social exclusion, such as living alone and lower socioeconomic position (e.g. public housing residents) appeared to reduce the likelihood that the oldest old perceived themselves to be socially excluded. Third, the findings point to the need for critical reflection on the definition and measurement of social exclusion, and researchers’ role in the propagation of ageist assumptions equating advanced age with social exclusion.
The findings support a public health response that includes prevention and intervention. Prevention strategies addressing socioeconomic inequalities over the life-course, such as access to health, education, community care, housing and income security, are examples that could reduce oldest old social exclusion. Individual-level intervention strategies that foster social relationships also have potential. Recommendations for further research are to increase representation of the oldest old in social exclusion research and to explore life-course resilience - both of which are important for challenging current negative ageist stereotypes that equate old with exclusion.
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Ajith, Michael Mayom. "A Mixed Method Investigation of Injuries Associated with Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Migori County, Kenya." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/80405.
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This embedded mixed method research was aimed to investigate the artisanal and small-scale mining related recordable injuries, associated risk factors and socio-economic consequences. 236 participants were surveyed, followed by interviewing of 33 severely injured miners. The results demonstrated that certain personal and operational risk factors influenced the likelihood of injuries, severity and frequency of injuries. Also, severely injured miners experienced negative socio-economic impacts. Improved strategies for injury prevention and post-injury consequences management are advised.
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Stout, Ann C. "Comparing rural parent and teacher perspectives of parental involvement: A mixed methods study." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/633.
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Parents and teachers have differing perspectives of parental involvement which presents a barrier to the development of effective parental involvement. This mixed-method, sequential, exploratory study of parents and teachers in rural school districts sought to identify, compare, and analyze these divergent parental involvement perspectives. A sample of 122 parents and 21 certified teachers from 3 rural elementary schools were first surveyed using parallel questions from Epstein's School and family partnerships parent (or teacher) questionnaire (SFP). Independent-sample t-tests of SFP scales confirmed parental involvement perspectives of parents and teachers differed significantly. Survey data was analyzed descriptively and identified 5 specific topics of differences: parents' ability to help with reading and math, their need for teacher ideas, checking homework, volunteering, teacher and parent communication, and sharing learning expectations. Next, 5 focus groups of parents, teachers, and parents and teachers together probed these topics. Digital recordings of focus group data were transcribed, segmented, and coded for repeated words and phrases. Themes were then inductively developed. Results specified parents want clear, timely communication, while teachers want parents' support and to assist with children's homework. Results further indicated improved communication would assist in building stronger parent teacher relationships. Focus groups provided a venue for communication and building relationships inspiring transformation. The implications of social change are that parental involvement programs that address the perspectives of both parents and teachers improve understanding and promote a sense of social justice where both parents and teachers share positions of power in the education of children.
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Ferry, James Paul. "A mixed-methods investigation of heterogeneously grouped inclusion students at southeast high school." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/442.
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Inclusion education led to academically-homogeneous grouping of students at southeast high school. Administratively, the decision was made to increase rigor, inclusion students would be grouped heterogeneously in senior economics classes. Guided by Dewey's pragmatic theory, the purpose of this sequential, explanatory, mixed method study was to investigate whether a significant difference exists in the course passing rates, end-of-course test (EOCT) scores, and graduation rates between inclusion students in heterogeneous classes and those in homogeneous classes and how participants perceived the grouping. Archival data (N = 42) on student instructional grouping, passing rates, EOCT scores, and graduation rates were analyzed using 3 t tests. Data were also collected via interviews with 13 participants, including current and former teachers and several former students to determine the perceptions of those involved with the change. Findings from the quantitative analysis showed a significant difference in EOCT scores, demonstrating an improvement for the heterogeneous inclusion students, but not on course passing or graduation rates. The qualitative data were open coded and thematically analyzed and 6 themes emerged on how the heterogeneously-grouped classes benefitted inclusion students. Based on these findings, a 3 day professional development program for teachers was developed to assist local faculty in the construction of project-based and differentiated learning environments. This study contributes to social change by affecting the academic placement and academic success of inclusion students. Inclusion students' increased test scores could lead to increased passing rates, which could result in increased graduation rates.
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Turchetti, Danièle. "Contributions to arithmetic geometry in mixed characteristic : lifting covers of curves, non-archimedean geometry and the l-modular Weil representation." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0022/document.
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Dans cette thèse on étudie certains phénomènes d'interactions entre caractéristique positive et caractéristique nulle. Dans un premier temps on s'occupe du problème de relèvement locale d'actions de groupes. On y montre des conditions nécessaires pour l'existence de relèvement de certains actions du groupe Z/pZ x Z/pZ. Pour une action d'un groupe fini quelconque, on y étudie les arbres de Hurwitz, en montrant que chaque arbre de Hurwitz admet un plongement dans le disque unitaire fermé de Berkovich et que ses données de Hurwitz peuvent être décrites de façon analytique. Dans une deuxième partie nous construisons un analogue de la représentation de Weil à coefficients dans un anneau intègre, et nous montrons que cela satisfait les mêmes propriétés que dans le cas de coefficients complexesIn this thesis, we study the interplay between positive and zero characteristic. In a first instance, we deal with the local lifting problem of lifting actions of curves. We show necessary conditions for the existence of liftings of some actions of Z/pZ x Z/pZ. Then, for an action of a general finite group, we study the associated Hurwitz tree, showing that every Hurwitz tree has a canonical metric embedding in the Berkovich closed unit disc, and that the Hurwitz data can be described analytically.In the last chapter, we define an analog of the Weil representation with coefficients in an integral domain, showing that such representation satisfies the same properties than in the case with complex coefficients
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Ben, Salem Sinda. "Gestion robuste de la production électrique à horizon court terme." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594242.
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Dans un marché électrique concurrentiel, EDF a adapté ses outils de gestion de production pour permettre une gestion optimale de son portefeuille, particulièrement sur les horizons journaliers et infra-journaliers, derniers leviers pour une gestion optimisée de la production. Et plus l'horizon d'optimisation s'approche du temps réel, plus les décisions prises aux instants précédents deviennent structurantes voire limitantes en terme d'actions. Ces décisions sont aujourd'hui prises sans tenir compte du caractère aléatoire de certaines entrées du modèle. En effet, pour les décisions à court-terme, la finesse et la complexité des modèles déjà dans le cas déterministe ont souvent été un frein à des travaux sur des modèles tenant compte de l'incertitude. Pour se prémunir face à ces aléas, des techniques d'optimisation en contexte incertain ont fait l'objet des travaux de cette thèse. Nous avons ainsi proposé un modèle robuste de placement de la production tenant compte des incertitudes sur la demande en puissance. Nous avons construit pour cette fin un ensemble d'incertitude permettant une description fine de l'aléa sur les prévisions de demande en puissance. Le choix d'indicateurs fonctionnels et statistiques a permis d'écrire cet ensemble comme un polyèdre d'incertitude. L'approche robuste prend en compte la notion de coût d'ajustement face à l'aléa. Le modèle a pour objectif de minimiser les coûts de production et les pires coûts induits par l'incertitude. Ces coûts d'ajustement peuvent décrire différents contextes opérationnels. Une application du modèle robuste à deux contextes métier est menée avec un calcul du coût d'ajustement approprié à chaque contexte. Enfin, le présent travail de recherche se situe, à notre connaissance, comme l'un des premiers dans le domaine de la gestion optimisée de la production électrique à court terme avec prise en compte de l'incertitude. Les résultats sont par ailleurs susceptibles d'ouvrir la voie vers de nouvelles approches du problème.
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Bonaventure, Julien. "Influence of random surface roughness on friction in elastohydrodynamic, mixed and boundary lubrication." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC038/document.
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La plupart des systèmes mécaniques contiennent des contacts lubrifiés (articulations, roulements, ...) qui sont soumis à des efforts importants. Dans ce travail expérimental, on s’intéresse à l’influence de la rugosité sur la friction dans les régimes de lubrification élastohydrodynamique (EHD), mixte, et limite dans des conditions représentatives des contacts dans un moteur de voiture. Les surfaces utilisées dans ce travail sont principalement des aciers usinés industriellement, revêtus ou non de Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC). La force de friction dans les régimes mixte et limite étant bien plus importante qu’en régime EHD, il est important de pouvoir prédire les transitions d’un régime à l’autre. Le problème est que la rugosité affecte significativement les vitesses de transition entre ces régimes, de telle manière qu’il est difficile de prédire le régime de fonctionnement d’un couple donné de surfaces. Les travaux expérimentaux s’attardant sur ce problème sont rares, et les tentatives théoriques d’inclure l’effet de rugosités aléatoires reposent sur des paramètres difficiles à mesurer à cause de leur grande dépendance vis-à-vis des conditions de filtrage, d’échantillonnage, et de leur non-stationnarité. à partir de nombreuses mesures topograhiques (interférométrie et AFM), une méthode assurant la représentativité des paramètres statistiques de rugosité est donc d’abord mise en œuvre pour caractériser des surfaces dont la rugosité va du nanomètre au micron. Des expériences de Stribeck sont ensuite menées avec ces surfaces afin de corréler leur signature morphologique à leur comportement en friction. La rhéologie sous pression de lubrifiants (poly-α oléfines) est mesurée dans un contact lisse en fonction de la pression et de la température, ce qui permet de prédire quantitativement la friction en régime élastohydrodynamique pour tout couple de surfaces, mais aussi de définir un critère non phénoménologique d’entrée en régime de lubrification mixte. à haute vitesse d’entraînement, la contrainte visqueuse décroît avec le taux de cisaillement ce qui est traditionnellement attribué à un échauffement du lubrifiant. On montre que les effets thermiques ne peuvent expliquer une telle chute et on l’explique par l’étalement du profil de pression dans le convergent, phénomène significatif quand l’épaisseur de lubrifiant devient de l’ordre d’un dixième de la taille du contact. Les résultats montrent que le produit de la viscosité dans le convergent avec la vitesse d’entraînement à la transition mixte-EHD suit une loi de puissance super-linéaire avec la rugosité, tous matériaux confondus, ce qui permet de prédire cette transition en fonction de la rugosité. La transition entre régimes mixte et limite est plus complexe et laisse apparaître un comportement clairement différent entre les contacts DLC/DLC et les contacts mettant en jeu au moins une surface d’acier. Pour les contacts DLC/DLC, la friction en régime limite correspond au cisaillement plastique du lubrifiant, ce qui explique que la rugosité n’affecte pas le frottement limite de ces contacts. Le frottement des contacts acier/acier et acier/DLC est plus important et présente deux évolutions monotones avec la rugosité composite du contact, que nous interprétons grâce à des expériences tribologiques à haut taux de glissement. Finalement, un modèle de portance mixte basé sur la théorie de Greenwood-Williamson est mis en œuvre et permet de reproduire avec une précision honorable les courbes de Stribeck obtenues expérimentalement. En particulier, ce modèle permet de déterminer les conditions d’échantillonnage optimales pour déterminer les propriétés des aspéritésMost mechanical systems include lubricated contacts submitted to important strengths. The present work deals with the influence of surface roughness on friction in the elastohydrodynamic (EHD), mixed and boundary lubrication regimes, with operating conditions that are typically those found in an internal combustion engine. Most of the surfaces used in the experiments are machined steel, with or with a Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coating. Given the friction in boundary and mixed lubrication being higher than in EHD lubrication, it is crucial to predict the transitions between these regimes. These strongly depend on surface roughness. There are very few experimental works that deal with this issue, and the theoretical attempts to include the influence of random surface roughness are based on roughness parameters that are difficult to measure because of their dependence towards the sampling conditions and their non-stationarity. Based on numerous topographical surveys (using interferometry and AFM), a method is implemented to ensure the representativeness of roughness statistical parameters in order to characterize a range of surface roughnesses within the interval [0.001 ; 1] μm. Then, these surfaces are rubbed against each other using Stribeck procedures in order to correlate their morphology to their friction behaviour. The high-pressure rheology of poly-α olefins is measured in smooth contacts with respect to the pressure and the temperature. This not only allows to quantify the friction force for any contact operating in EHD lubrication, but also to set a criterion to spot the onset of mixed lubrication. At high entrainment speed, the viscous shear stress vanishes, which is often attributed to shear heating. It is shown that thermal effects can not explain such a drop of friction for our own experiments. However, the widening of the pressure profile — which becomes significant when the film thickness becomes comparable to a tenth the contact length — is more likely to explain this behaviour. Our results show that the product of the inlet viscosity with the entrainment speed, spotted at the mixed-EHD transition, follows a super linear power law with the RMS roughness, whatever the materials involved, which allows to predict whether a contact operate in mixed lubrication or not. The transition from mixed to boundary lubrication reveals material and roughness-dependent with a clearly different behaviour between DLC/DLC contacts and contacts involving at least one steel body. Regarding the DLC/DLC contacts, the boundary friction is due to the plastic shearing of the lubricant, which explains why surface roughness has no influence on boundary friction for these contacts. With Steel/DLC and steel/steel contacts, the boundary friction presents two monotonous trends versus the composite RMS roughness. Eventually, a mixed bearing model based on the Greenwood-Willimason assumptions was implemented and allowed to reproduce quite closely the experimentally obtained Stribeck curves. This implementation indicates in particular the sampling conditions that are optimal to capture relevant asperity parameters
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Dixon, Thomas Pingul. "Nesting ecology of dickcissels on reclaimed surface-mined lands in Freestone County, Texas." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1404.
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Surface mining and subsequent reclamation often results in the establishment of large areas of grassland that can benefit wildlife. Grasslands have declined substantially over the last 150 years, resulting in declines of many grassland birds. The dickcissel (Spiza americana), a neotropical migrant, is one such bird whose numbers have declined in the last 30 years due to habitat loss, increased nest predation and parasitism, and over harvest (lethally controlled as an agricultural pest on its wintering range in Central and South America). Reclaimed surface-mined lands have been documented to provide important breeding habitat for dickcissels in the United States, emphasizing the importance of reclamation efforts. Objectives were to understand specific aspects of dickcissel nesting ecology (i.e., nest-site selection, nest success, and nest parasitism, and identification of nest predators) on 2 spatial scales on TXU Energys Big Brown Mine, near Fairfield, Texas, and to subsequently provide TXU Energy with recommendations to improve reclaimed areas as breeding habitat for dickcissels. I examined the influence of nest-site vegetation characteristics and the effects of field-level spatial factors on dickcissel nesting ecology on 2 sites reclaimed as wildlife habitat. Additionally, I developed a novel technique to identify predators at active nests during the 2003 field season. During 20022003, 119 nests were monitored. On smaller spatial scales, dickcissels were likely to select nest-sites with low vegetation, high densities of bunchgrasses and tall forbs, and areas with higher clover content. Probability of nest success increased with nest heights and vegetation heights above the nest, characteristics associated with woody nesting substrates. Woody nesting substrates were selected and bunchgrasses were avoided. Oak (Quercus spp.) saplings remained an important nesting substrate throughout the breeding season. On a larger scale, nest-site selection was likely to occur farther from wooded riparian areas and closer to recently-reclaimed areas. Nest parasitism was likely to occur near roads and wooded riparian areas. Results suggest reclaimed areas could be improved by planting more bunchgrasses, tall forbs (e.g., curly-cup gumweed [Grindelia squarrosa] and sunflower [Helianthus spp.]), clover (Trifolium spp.), and oaks (a preferred nesting substrate associated with higher survival rates). Larger-scale analysis suggests that larger tracts of wildlife areas should be created with wooded riparian areas comprising a minimal portion of a fields edge.
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Fagan, Natalie. "Tactical Police Officers, Romantic Attachment and Job-Related Stress: A Mixed-Methods Study." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/28.
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Stressors stemming from tactical policing such as social isolation and increased work responsibilities often spill over into the home and affect personal relationships. Using attachment theory as the guiding framework, this mixed methods study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the factors involved in maintaining long-term relationships between tactical officers and their romantic partners. Phase I consisted of surveys administered to tactical officers in Kentucky and measured romantic partner attachment, organizational and operational police stressors. Research questions examined how operational and organizational stress correlated with attachment while controlling for demographics. Analysis indicated that holding a rank above an officer has a significant relationship to both operational and organizational stress. Influenced by the findings from phase I, phase II consisted of 30 qualitative interviews with both tactical officers and their romantic partners. Using elements of attachment theory, symbolic interactionism, and components comprising the spirit of grounded theory, four primary themes with supporting subthemes were discovered: (1) communication, a key component of successful relationships; (2) isolation, particularly from socializing with those outside policing or tactical policing; (3) job related stress, where participants indicated more stress with tactical duties; and (4) tactical team as family and trust where participants indicated that personal support among team members was essential to building the mutual trust needed for the dangers of tactical policing. These themes indicated important findings including better communication between couples who had a romantic partner working in a criminal justice related field and discovery of stressors unique to tactical policing including increased job-related stress pertaining to the higher physical, moral and intellectual standards needed for tactical policing. Participant-based advice and recommendations for more tailored support services for tactical officers and their families were also developed from the findings of phase II and included a need for family notification systems and creation of family-oriented trainings. Relationships between the phases highlighted unique aspects of police subculture within tactical policing and its effects on the personal and occupational lives of tactical officers.
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Call, Lindsay Larson. "Exploring Financial Knowledge, Behaviors, and Economic Socialization in an Incarcerated Population: A Mixed Methods Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2641.
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Using a mixed method design, this study explored financial knowledge, behaviors, and economic socialization in a sample of men (N = 155) incarcerated in a Midwestern county jail. A financial knowledge assessment, adapted from the FLLIP assessment (Zhan, Anderson, & Scott, 2006), was administered as well as a survey of financial behaviors and criminal history characteristics. Based on responses to the quantitative survey, a theoretical sample of participants (n = 12) was selected to participate in in-depth, qualitative interviews regarding economic socialization to the formal economy, particularly banks. Quantitative analyses revealed that the mean financial knowledge score for the sample was 59%, with Whites (M = .68; n = 46) scoring significantly higher than non-Whites (M = .55; n = 108). Factors related to financial knowledge were explored through bivariate and partial (controlling for age and race) correlational analyses. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to determine the demographic factors, criminal history characteristics, and financial behaviors that predicted financial knowledge. Results revealed that having filed a tax return was the strongest predictor of financial knowledge. Qualitative analysis, using a grounded theory methodology, revealed that the majority of the men were distrustful of banks and other financial institutions. There appeared to be two pathways to distrust of banks: (1) anti-bank socialization through family and peers, which was solely experienced by the older Black men in the sample and (2) usage problems, which was the predominant pathway for the White men.
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Reilly, Brian Kevin. "The statistics of helicopter total counts of large ungulates in sourish mixed bushveld, northwest arid bushveld and mopane veld, Republic of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52027.
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Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of helicopters has become almost universally accepted as the method of choice in the enumeration of large ungulates in Southern Africa. In most cases decisions affecting management of these populations are made based on a single count result. In all these instances the within technique variance is ignored, often leading to decisions based on type I or type II statistical errors where the within technique variance is misconstrued as the population change. Many studies have investigated the issue of accuracy of counting methods and a few have quoted precision values for various methods. Very few have, however, investigated power and those extant have approached the problem from a prospective point of view and predicted power values. This study has made use of replicated counts from 12 sites of the original 23 in four vegetation types of the then Transvaal Province. The study sites vary in terms of size and all counts were undertaken with an experienced, trained team in which only four observers were used. A comprehensive post hoc analysis of the results of the field surveys shows precision and power to vary widely according to species and vegetation type and concludes that gamecounting results are largely site specific. A decline in observations during the course of four hours of survey is demonstrated and although the exact cause cannot be determined, correction factors have been constructed for two vegetation types. Observers are shown to differ from one another in observation profile during the course of surveys. This study demonstrates, describes and quantifies the existence of several phenomena suspected to exist by experienced game counters, biologists and wildlife managers and makes proposals in terms of improving the data returned from expensive aerial surveys.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suider-Afrika word die gebruik van 'n helikopter vir die tel van hoefdiere byna algemeen aanvaar as die metode wat voorkeur geniet. In meeste gevalle word besluitnemings rakende die bestuur van hierdie populasies gebaseer op die resultate van 'n enkele telling. In al die gevalle word tegniekverwante afwykings buite rekening gelaat en dit het die gevolg dat bestuursbesluite gebaseer word op tipe I en tipe II statistiese foute, en dit lei weer op hulle beurt dat tegniekverwante afwykings verkeerdelik geïnterpreteer word as die rede vir veranderings in die bevolkings. Verskeie studies het al die feitegeskil omtrent die akkuraatheid van telmetodes ondersoek en sommige het herhaalbaarheidswaardes vir die verskillende metodes aangehaal. Baie min het egter statistiese mag ondersoek en die wat dit wel gedoen het, het prospektiewe magsanalise as uitgangspunt gebruik en statistiese magwaardes voorspelom die probleem aan te spreek. Hierdie studie het gebruik gemaak van herhaalde tellings van 12 gebiede uit die oorspronklike 23 in vier veldtipes geleë in die ou Transvaal Provinsie. Die studiegebiede verskil in groottes. Alle tellings is deur 'n bekwaamde opgeleide span gedoen wat slegs vier waarnemers ingesluit het. 'n Omvattende post hoc analise van die resultate van die veldopnames dui aan dat herhaalbaarheid en statistiese mag baie varieer met betrekking tot spesies en veldtipes en word die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat wildtellingsresultate grootliks gebiedsgebonde is. In Afname in waarnemings gedurende die verloop van In vier uuropname, is waargeneem en alhoewel die ware oorsaak nie vasgestel kan word nie, is korreksiefaktore bereken vir twee veldtipes. Dit blyk dat waarnemers van mekaar verskil het met betrekking tot hul waarnemingsprofiele gedurende die verloop van die opnames. Hierdie studie dui aan, beskryf en kwantifiseer die bestaan van verskeie verskynsels wat vermoedelik bestaan het by ervare wildtelIers, bioloë en wildlewebestuurders en maak voorstelle met betrekking tot die verbetering van data wat tydens duur lugopnames ingesamel word.
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Carvalho, Bossolani Iderpaulo. "Cosmopolitan Greetings: Mixed-Form inter-American Judicial Review and the Latin American Path to Global Constitutionalism." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22054.
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In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich in Lateinamerika ein neuer Kontext für die Durchsetzung von Menschenrechten herausgebildet. Die organisatorische Entwicklung des Interamerikanischen Menschenrechtsschutzsystems (IAS), die Verabschiedung neuer Verfassungen durch die nationalen Gesetzgeber und die Anwendung innovativer Verfassungsauslegungen durch die maßgeblichen Gerichte in der Region haben zur Entstehung eines kosmopolitischen lateinamerikanischen Konstitutionalismus geführt. In diesem neuen Kontext hat der Interamerikanische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (IACtHR) damit begonnen, die gerichtliche Überprüfung innerstaatlicher Gesetze zu praktizieren, d.h. er hat bei mehreren Gelegenheiten nationale Behörden angewiesen, innerstaatliche Gesetze wegen ihrer Unvereinbarkeit mit der Amerikanischen Menschenrechtskonvention (ACHR) für ungültig zu erklären. Angesichts der zunehmenden Konflikte zwischen nationalen und internationalen Menschenrechtsautoritäten zielt diese Studie darauf ab, den legitimsten und effektivsten Ansatz für die Praxis der interamerikanischen Konventionskontrolle zu finden. Ausgehend von der Debatte über die innerstaatliche richterliche Normenkontrolle werden zunächst die Gründe für die Praxis einer starken internationalen Normenkontrolle untersucht. Anschließend adressiert diese Studie Theorien, die versucht haben, die interamerikanische Konventionskontrolle zu schwächen. Diese Theorien haben sich häufig für die Übernahme des nationalen Ermessensspielraums auf der Grundlage der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte ausgesprochen. Schließlich plädiert die vorliegende Studie für eine kontextbasierte Theorie der interamerikanischen gerichtlichen Überprüfung und versucht, den nationalen Ermessensspielraum mit dem kosmopolitischen Konstitutionalismus Lateinamerikas in Einklang zu bringen.In recent decades, a new human rights enforcement context has emerged in Latin America. The organizational evolution of the Inter-American System for Human Rights Protection (IAS), the adoption of new constitutions by national legislatures, and the adoption of innovative constitutional interpretations by the most authoritative courts in the region have led to the emergence of Latin American cosmopolitan constitutionalism. Within this new context, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) has started practicing the judicial review of domestic laws, i.e., on several occasions, it has ordered national authorities to invalidate domestic laws due to their incompatibility with the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). By reviewing domestic laws, the IACtHR has placed itself in the middle of a dialogue between legislatures and courts that was long seen as an exclusively domestic conversation within Latin American constitutionalism. This strong form of international jurisprudence has made the normative questions relating to judicial review much more complex to address. Given the increasing conflicts between domestic and inter-American human rights authorities, this study aims to find the most legitimate and effective approach to the practice of inter-American judicial review. In line with this, and drawing on the debate about domestic judicial review, it first assesses the reasons behind the practice of strong international judicial review. In order to offer a better form of inter-institutional interaction within the IAS, this study later addresses theories that have sought to weaken the practice of inter-American judicial review based on the principle of subsidiarity. These theories have often advocated for the adoption of the national margin of appreciation based on the European experience with this concept of deference to national authorities. Finally, this study advocates for a context-based theory of inter-American judicial review and tries to reconcile the national margin of appreciation with Latin American cosmopolitan constitutionalism.
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Asim, Sumreen. "Teaching beyond the walls: A mixed method study of prospective elementary teacher's belief systems about science instruction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849671/.
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This mixed method study investigated K-6 teacher candidates' beliefs about informal science instruction prior to and after their experiences in a 15-week science methods course and in comparison to a non-intervention group. The study is predicated by the literature that supports the extent to which teachers' beliefs influence their instructional practices. The intervention integrated the six strands of learning science in informal science education (NRC, 2009) and exposed candidates to out-of-school-time environments (NRC, 2010). Participants included 17 candidates in the intervention and 75 in the comparison group. All were undergraduate K-6 teacher candidates at one university enrolled in different sections of a required science methods course. All the participants completed the Beliefs about Science Teaching (BAT) survey. Reflective journals, drawings, interviews, and microteaching protocols were collected from participants in the intervention. There was no statistically significant difference in pre or post BAT scores of the two groups; However, there was a statistically significant interaction effect for the intervention group over time. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed that the intervention candidates displayed awareness of each of the six strands of learning science in informal environments and commitment to out-of-school-time learning of science. This study supports current reform efforts favoring integration of informal science instructional strategies in science methods courses of elementary teacher education programs.
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Clain, Pascal. "Couplage entre le stockage et distribution de froid par coulis d'hydrates." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066022.
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L'utilisation des coulis d'hydrates comme Fluides Frigoporteurs Diphasiques (FFD) permet de réduire l'impact environnemental des systèmes frigorifiques car ces fluides possèdent une densité énergétique élevée. Leur application pour le stockage d'énergie thermique serait une réponse à une problématique industrielle de distribution de froid (climatisation, procédés de refroidissement). Ce projet propose d'étudier le couplage entre un dispositif de stockage et un système de distribution par coulis d'hydrates. Un réacteur bi-étagé a été conçu pour simuler le procédé. L'étude des conditions d'équilibres d'hydrates simples et mixtes dans un milieu poreux montrent la possibilité de faire varier la température d'équilibre sans dégradation de l'enthalpie de changement de phase. La cinétique de formation/dissociation des hydrates a été étudiée selon des théories de cristallisation et un modèle empirique a été obtenu. L'étude rhéologique des coulis d'hydrates simples et mixtes a mis en évidence le comportement rhéofluidifiant des coulis avec une forte tendance à l'agglomération pour le coulis d'hydrates mixtes. L'analyse de la distribution de tailles de particules a montré que le coulis a une répartition bimodale des cristaux. La caractérisation du réacteur a pu montrer l'impact de paramètres opératoires sur le temps d'induction. Un outil numérique 2D, intégrant les différents résultats empiriques obtenus, a été développé pour simuler le profil de température dans le réacteur et a été validé en première approcheThe use of hydrate slurries as two-phase secondary refrigerants (FFD) reduces the environmental impact of refrigeration systems because these fluids have a high energy density. They can be used for cold storage will be a solution at an industrial problem of cold distribution at various temperature levels (air-conditioning, cooling process or preservation temperature). In this work, we study the coupling between a storage device and a cold distribution system by hydrate slurries. For achieve this objective, a two-stage reactor has been built for simulate the process. Equilibrium conditions studies for single and mixed hydrate showed an equilibrium temperature shift in porous media without deterioration of latent heat fusion. Hydrates formation/dissociation kinetics have been studied according to crystallization classical theories and an empirical model was obtained. Rheological studies of hydrate slurries emphasized a shear-thinning behavior for both, but a high propensity for agglomeration for mixed hydrate slurry. Particle size analysis showed the slurry has bimodal crystals distribution. Experimental set-up characterization showed process parameters effect in induction time. A 2D numerical tool integrating various empirical relations was developed for modelling temperature profile in the reactor and was validated in a first approach
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Reitler, Angela K. "A Mixed-Methodological Exploration of Potential Confounders in the Study of the Causal Effect of Detention Status on Sentence Severity in One Federal Court." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377866571.
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Shichida, Toshi. "Types of Religiousness and Marital Relationships." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2888.
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The relationship between two types of religiousness (progressive and orthodox) and marital relationships was investigated using qualitative data from a sample of 26 Christian couples (13 progressive and 39 orthodox individuals) from California and New England. The focus of the study was individuals' frameworks of values and goals (moral order) and the ontological views behind them. Text analysis, t-tests for between-group differences of coded results, and phenomenological analysis were used. Results indicated that couples in the progressive group had Non-transcendent Selfhood as a basic moral order and engaged in mutual loving-kindness to respect and care for each other primarily in the form of a horizontal marital relationship. The couples in the orthodox group had Transcendent God Primacy as a basic moral order and, in addition to loving-kindness (horizontal relationship) toward the spouse, engaged in Transcendent Religious Striving (a vertical movement) as their main religious activity. Spouses in the orthodox group supported, strengthened, and shared the striving of each other. The substantive difference found in the types of being religious and their effects on marital relationships extends the understanding of the link between religion and marriage.
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Moradi, Ali. "Predictive Mapping of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis at the County Level in the State of Florida." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6544.
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Introduction: One of the major barriers to developing an accurate tuberculosis (TB) surveillance program for Florida is the design and implementation of a sampling system that will adequately monitor and predict varying sizes and characteristics of county-level vulnerable endemic sub-populations and their explanatory covariates (e.g., living or working in a residential care facility). The aim of this research study is to envision an endemic, tuberculosis-related web-based interface for use by public health officials in the State of Florida which includes generating essential information such as a real-time syndrome-based reporting to regulate automated and immediate 'Alerts' to public health officials, doctors, hospitals and local community in ArcGIS. This study demonstrates the capability of an autocorrelation, time series, epidemiological, interpolative, and vulnerable predictive ArcGIS model to target tuberculosis at the county-level in the state of Florida.
Methodology: The data for constructing an autocorrelation, probabilistic paradigm was acquired from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] in Atlanta, Georgia. The full dataset contained two points in time, allowing estimation of a mixed binomial model that aided in predicting the probability of tuberculosis by county. The random effects term in the ArcGIS model was comprised of spatially structured and stochastic effects (i.e., spatially unstructured) terms. These terms substituted for covariates in the model. The assumption was that random effects term in the endemic, TB–related, explanative, county-level, risk model had a frequency distribution that was bell-shaped (i.e., normally/Gaussian distributed) with a mean of zero.
Results: The results indicated the empirical estimate had a mean of 0.0197 with a Shapiro-Wilk normality probability of 0.0027. The mean in the model was not exactly zero, although the forecasts indicated 0.06, which was not significantly different from zero. It was noted that the frequency distribution deviated from a bell-shaped curve. This random effects term accounted for roughly 41% of the variability in the observed probability of TB by county and yielded an under dispersed binomial model. An eigenvector spatial filter description of the random effects term involved 5 of 18 total eigenvectors, which portrayed noticeable positive spatial autocorrelation. The decomposition algorithm also revealed 4 of 25 eigenvectors portraying noticeable negative spatial autocorrelation. These two spatial filter components accounted for, respectively, roughly 16% and 10% of the variability in the probability of TB by county. The spatially unstructured random effects component accounted for roughly 15% of this variability. The final model revealed that from 2015 to 2020, Duval, Orange, and Broward counties would require immediate intervention in order to prevent TB transmission. The model also revealed that from 2025 to 2040 Hillsborough and Palm Beach counties could become hyper-endemic without implementation of control strategies.
Conclusion: An endemic, TB-related, ArcGIS, autocorrelation eigenanalyses forecast, paradigm may be employed by public health officials in Florida to target, vulnerable, county level ,populations A Precede-Proceed model-based reporting mechanism may help disseminate the ArcGIS model results and help regulate automated and immediate 'Alerts' to public health officials, doctors, hospitals and local community at the county-level. An ArcGIS, web-based, epidemiological tool for data entry and communication can also allow real-time , predictive, real-time mapping of any TB county outbreaks Precede –Proceed model may be employed by county-level public health officials in Florida to disseminate and prioritize county-level, TB model, epidemiological, information to their constituents. In so doing, factors regulating outbreaks of county-level TB may be accurately identified.
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Mähler, Júnior Jan Karel Félix. "Comunidades de aves em áreas florestais fragmentadas por ação antrópica e em manchas com mosaico natural floresta-campo no sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/78131.
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Muitas questões ligadas à ecologia, biologia da conservação e biogeografia estão relacionadas aos efeitos de processos naturais ou antropogênicos sobre fragmentos, manchas ou ilhas. Na atualidade, para se compreender os efeitos da fragmentação e se propor medidas efetivas de conservação, torna-se cada vez mais importante analisar os fragmentos como parte de uma matriz que inclui não somente diferentes tamanhos de remanescentes e de floresta contínua, mas também outros elementos da estrutura da paisagem. Para tanto, quando comparamos formações com diferentes características ambientais, mesmo que inseridas em regiões próximas, para entendermos os mecanismos que levam ao desaparecimento de algumas espécies e beneficiam outras, é necessário considerar níveis de organização relacionados a atributos de espécies e populações. Determinados atributos podem ser indicadores ecológicos relevantes de pressões exercidas pelo ambiente na biologia das espécies, ao mesmo tempo em que demonstram relação com a função do organismo. Essa tese, em seu primeiro capítulo avalia como questões metodológicas e analíticas podem influenciar os resultados de estudos avifaunísticos e a relação da riqueza e abundância de espécies com o tamanho de fragmentos e manchas florestais. Observamos que a relação entre a riqueza e o tamanho das áreas foi afetada pela padronização do tempo de contagem por área. A utilização de contagens com raio ilimitado fez com que o número de espécies aumentasse significativamente somente nas maiores manchas de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Considerando-se o acréscimo de registros obtidos em cada minuto de contagem, constatou-se que com nove minutos já haviam sido obtidos grande parte dos registros de espécies e contatos de aves. No segundo capítulo, foi investigado se a riqueza rarefeita e a abundância de aves diminuem com o decréscimo da área de fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Densa. Paralelamente buscou-se compreender como a avifauna é influenciada por características da vegetação dos fragmentos e do entorno destes. A abundância obtida em cada fragmento esteve significativamente relacionada ao tamanho das áreas, sendo mais elevada nos fragmentos maiores. As análises relacionando a riqueza rarefeita média dos fragmentos e as variáveis ambientais selecionadas mostraram que as variáveis de mancha foram mais importantes que as variáveis relacionadas à estrutura da vegetação no interior dos fragmentos. No terceiro capítulo, avaliamos como as comunidades de aves respondem diferentemente à fragmentação em regiões originalmente florestadas e à existência de mosaicos em regiões com manchas florestais (capões), situações características das regiões onde estão inseridas, respectivamente, as Florestas Ombrófilas Densa (FOD) e Mista (FOM). As áreas de FOM e FOD foram agrupadas quando relacionadas às variáveis ambientais e, menos fortemente, em relação ao tamanho. Aves com status migratório apresentaram correlação significativa com pelo menos um dos eixos, mostrando-se mais fortemente associadas às manchas de FOM e áreas maiores. O uso de áreas abertas pelas aves teve uma associação mais marcante com os fragmentos e manchas de menor tamanho. Nectarívoros e frugívoros/folívoros tiveram uma associação mais forte com os fragmentos de FOD, enquanto as espécies onívoras foram mais bem representadas nas manchas de FOM. Aves de sub-bosque foram significativamente relacionadas aos fragmentos de FOD e áreas de menor tamanho e aves que habitam o dossel estiveram correlacionadas principalmente às manchas de FOM. A partir dos resultados obtidos nas áreas estudadas na Mata Atlântica do sul do Brasil, onde os maiores remanescentes florestais tem menos de 200 ha, observamos que mesmo as áreas de menor tamanho podem ser importantes para a manutenção das comunidades de aves. Conhecer as respostas da fauna às modificações ambientais impostas pela intervenção humana torna-se fundamental para o planejamento de estratégias de manejo e conservação.Many issues in ecology, conservation biology and biogeography are related to the effects of natural or anthropogenic processes over fragments, patches and islands. Nowadays, the evaluation of fragments in a landscape context, as elements of a matrix including not only fragments of different size and continuous forest, but also other elements of landscape structure, is becoming increasingly important in order to understand fragmentation effects and to propose effective conservation actions. Furthermore, when comparing formations with distinct environmental attributes, even when geographically near, it is necessary to consider organization levels related to species and populations attributes to understand the mechanisms that drive some species to extinction and other to success. Some attributes may be used as ecological indicators that reflect environmental pressures on species biology, at the same time that reflect relationships with organism functions. In the first chapter of this thesis, we evaluated how methodological and analytical approaches may influence the results of bird studies and the relationship between species richness/abundance and the size of forest fragments and patches. We observed that the relationship between species richness and size of areas was affected by the standardization of the time counting. Species number increased significantly in patches of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest when counting was performed with unlimited radius. When considering bird records computed in each sampling minute, we found that with nine minutes of sampling the most part of the species and contact records had already been obtained. In the second chapter we investigated if rarefied richness and abundance of birds reduce with decreasing area of fragments at Atlantic Ombrophilous Dense Forest. At the same time, we aimed to understand how bird assembly is influenced by attributes of vegetation within fragments and around them. Our results indicated that species abundance in each fragment was significant related to the fragment size, with the highest abundance in the largest fragments. The analyses carried out between mean rarefied richness and the selected environmental variables showed that patch variables were more important than variables related to vegetation structure within fragments. In the third chapter we evaluated how bird communities are influenced by fragmentation in areas originally forested and by nucleation processes in areas of mosaic of patchy forests, in Atlantic Ombrophilous Dense Forest (AODF) and Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF), respectively. MOF and AODF areas were aggregated when related to environmental variables and, less strongly, in relation to size. Migrant birds had significant correlation with at least one ordination axis, showing a stronger association with MOF patches and largest areas. The use of open areas was markedly associated with smaller fragments and patches. Nectarivores and folivores/frugivores had a strong association with AODF fragments, while omnivore species were better represented in MOF patches. Understory birds were significantly related to AODF fragments and small areas, while canopy birds were correlated mainly to MOF patches. Considering our results obtained in Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil – where the largest forest remnants have less than 200 ha, we observed that even small areas may be important for the conservation of bird communities. The knowledge about wildlife responds to environmental modifications made by humans is critical for management and conservation planning in this scenario.
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Davis, Andrew J. "A Mixed-Method Study of the Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention Aftercare Program on Clients with Opioid Addiction in a Court-Ordered Population." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1596059927076454.
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Adeyinka, Titilope Adetola. "Investigation of the method of "mixed" pill counts as a tool to detect deliberate masking of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy at Ntshembo Clinic, Mamelodi Hospital." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/453.
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Thesis(MSc(Med)(Pharmacy))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011.High levels of adherence to ART are essential for maximal suppression of viral replication and avoidance of drug resistance. Pill counts are an indirect, objective method of assessing adherence. Patients can invalidate pill counts by manipulating the number of tablets returned. This paper describes a pilot study which investigated the ability of ‘mixed’ pill counts to detect deliberate masking of non-adherence to ART at a public sector ARV Clinic in Pretoria, South Africa. Seventy-eight adult patients on a first line regimen of ART were recruited. At the first return visit, a standard pill count was performed and adherence (% of tablets taken) was calculated. For the repeat prescription, three days’ extra supply was dispensed without the patients’ knowledge. At the second return visit, a ‘mixed’ pill count was performed and adherence was calculated. Patients were grouped into three categories based on calculated adherence: truthfully non-adherent (<100% adherence), adherent (100% adherence) and ‘over-compliant’ (>100% adherence, i.e. returning to the clinic with fewer tablets than required). Exploratory interviews were conducted with truthfully nonadherent and over-compliant patients to obtain explanations for discrepancies in pill counts. Twenty-nine (37%) patients completed the study. Reasons for drop-out or discontinuation from the study included the issue of prescriptions for 2-3 months’ ARV supply, missed appointments, regimen changes and failure to return remaining tablets to the clinic. Eleven patients (38%) were identified as over-compliant in one or more of the ARVs in their regimen. Nine of these patients agreed to be interviewed, of which three admitted to manipulating their tablet numbers. Reasons for manipulation included: being ’fine now’ and not in need of ARVs; changes in body shape; possibility of the social grant being terminated if non-adherent; getting a new supply and no need for remaining ARVs; knowing that the tablets would be counted for the study. This pilot study indicated that the ‘mixed’ pill count method is capable of detecting deliberate masking of non-adherence. Applying this method to a larger sample may better estimate the frequency of pill count manipulation by patients and help gain insight to reasons for this behaviour and the extent of actual non-adherence. Key words: dumping, manipulation, masking, over-compliance, HAART
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Vogel, David L. "A change in perspective : new priorities for neighborhood design in Johnson County, Kansas." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1467.
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Shaw, Courtney J. "Towards Dementia Friendly Emergency Departments: A mixed method exploratory study identifying opportunities to improve the quality and safety of care for people with dementia in emergency departments." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17445.
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This project provides the first comprehensive investigation into the
experiences of people with dementia (PWD), their carers, and the staff who
provide care in emergency departments (ED) in the UK. This is a mixed
methods study which used a national survey (N=403) followed by ED
observation (32 hours) and qualitative interviews with health professionals
(N=29), in an iterative and sequential design to present a holistic evaluation of
the current experiences of the key parties- patients, carers, and ED staff
involved in receiving and providing care. The theoretical perspective of the
Human Factors Approach to patient safety underpins this work. The project
included people with dementia and carers as collaborators and co-designers in
both the development of the research tools and in shaping the project outputs.
This research explores the barriers and facilitators to safe and effective care,
concluding that here are a number of barriers (poor integration of
communication systems, inappropriate physical environments, misalignment of
staff training and workplace staffing models), which may affect the healthcare
team’s ability to provide effective dementia care. These systemic challenges
both give rise to and exacerbate poor organisational and safety cultures.
However, despite these challenges, there are examples of safe and effective
care (positive deviants) where uncommonly good outcomes for this patient
population are achieved. Examining these examples offers valuable insight into
potential adaptions, which could be used to improve existing care.
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Sorin, Edouard. "Fissuration en modes mixtes dans le bois : diagnostic et évaluation des méthodes de renforcement local." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0264/document.
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Cette thèse s’effectue au sein de l’université de Bordeaux. Ce projet concerne la construction en bois et en particulier la compréhension des phénomènes à l’origine des fissures dans les structures bois. L’un des objectifs étant de concevoir des méthodes efficaces de renforcement local pour les éléments de structure. Pour cela, l’étude se décompose en plusieurs étapes, la compréhension des phénomènes mis en jeu dans la création des fissures sur des bois de construction. Ce travail s’orientera sur la modélisation de fissure en mode mixte, la recherche de solution de renforcement avec compréhension fine de l’impact de types de renforts sur la propagation de la fissure. Cette étude sera accompagnée d’une campagne d’essais, afin de vérifier l’efficacité des renforcements choisis et d’identifier l’impact de l’effet d’échelle sur les modèle de prédiction. Des essais de grandes dimensions seront donc réalisés pour mieux appréhender les effets de groupes et les effets d’échelle sur du matériau d’emploi. On vise ensuite à définir des outils prédictifs de la résistance des systèmes renforcés et de moyens de contrôles pour les Plan d’Assurance QualitéThe purpose of reinforcing assemblies and structural elements inwood is to overcome the resistance limits of the material, by transferring greaterefforts in areas which can lead to premature cracking in structures. The reinforcementsused can be made of steel, composite materials or wood. Their hook can bemechanical (screwed bodies) or by adhesion (structural bonding like glued-in rodsfor example). In both cases, the transfer of solicitations remains poorly known, andthe effect of the beginning and the deflection of crack are not well apprehended. Inengineering techniques, the wood resistance in the reinforced area is neglected, whichis in line with the precautionary principle. Currently, the scientific investigations areinterested in the resistance of those kind of techniques without considering the interactionsbetween the quasi-brittle behavior of the wood and the reinforcementswhich govern the gain in mechanical performance. However, these solutions can leadto a failure caused by the progressive splitting of the wood and the anchor loss ofthe reinforcement. So it seems accurate to propose predictions of the short-termstrength for splitting of reinforced and unreinforced beams, which can be used tofurther exploration of the long-term failure mechanism. That is why, in this study, aglobal prediction model of the ultimate strength of structural components subjectedto splitting, reinforced and unreinforced ones, was developed. It considers the quasibrittlebehavior of the wood and crack propagation in mixed mode, using a mixinglaw established on the R-curves. The relevance of this modeling was then comparedto the current dimensioning methods of the Eurocodes 5, for notched beams, withexperimental campaigns conducted at different scales
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Hutson, Sydney Nicole. "Understanding Social, Legal, Economic, and Spatial Barriers to Healthcare Access in El Paso County, Texas Colonias| An Examination of Structural Violence Using Mixed Methods." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10276261.
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Healthcare access is a highly reported problem for immigrant populations in the United States, especially for Hispanic migrants at the US-Mexico border. This statement holds particularly true for populations living in unincorporated communities known as colonias in the borderland region. Residents of a colonia are estimated to suffer from preventable or treatable illnesses including tuberculosis, hepatitis A, cholera, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, depression, substance abuse, among other health problems, at two to four times the national average (Matthiesen 1997; Anders et al. 2010:366; Mier et al. 2013:208; Sharkey et al. 2011; Davidhizar 1999). This apparent disparity is a result of unequal healthcare access due to social, legal, economic, and physical/spatial barriers. Using a structural violence framework as a lens, this study attempted to determine the barriers impeding access to healthcare for colonia residents, as well as analyze the interrelationships between the types of barriers. This study utilized semi-structured interviews to gain an understanding of perceived social, legal, spatial/physical, and other suggested barriers preventing healthcare access in El Paso County, TX colonias. In order to fully demonstrate the role of spatial/physical barriers on access to care, this study utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map obstacles in the targeted communities.
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Wang, Yuqiang. "Models and Algorithms for Some Combinatorial Optimization Problems: University Course Timetabling, Facility Layout and Integrated Production-Distribution Scheduling." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28757.
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In this dissertation, we address three different combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), each of which has specific real-life applications. Owning to their specific nature, these problems are different from those discussed in the literature. For each of these problems, we present a mathematical programming formulation, analyze the problem to determine its useful, inherent structural properties, and develop an efficient methodology for its solution by exploiting these properties.
The first problem that we address is the course timetabling problem encountered at Virginia Tech. The course timetabling problem for a university is a difficult problem and has been studied by many researchers over the years. As a result, a plethora of models and approaches have been reported in the literature. However, most of these studies have focused on applications pertaining to course scheduling for a single or at most few departments of a university. The sheer size of the university-wide timetabling problem that we address, involving thousands of courses to be scheduled in hundreds of classrooms in each semester, makes it a challenging problem. We employ an appropriate decomposition technique that relies on some inherent structural properties of the problem both during the modeling and algorithmic development phases. We show the superiority of the schedules generated by our methodology over those that are currently being used. Also, our methodology requires only a reasonable amount of computational time in solving this large-size problem.
A facility layout problem involving arbitrary-shaped departments is the second problem that we investigate in this dissertation. We designate this problem as the arbitrary-shaped facility layout problem (ASFLP). The ASFLP deals with arranging a given set of departments (facilities, workstations, machines) within the confines of a given floor space, in order to optimize a desired metric, which invariably relates to the material handling cost. The topic of facility planning has been addressed rather extensively in the literature. However, a major limitation of most of the work reported in the literature is that they assume the shape of a department to be a rectangle (or even a square). The approach that relies on approximating an arbitrary-shaped department by a rectangle might result in an unattractive solution. The key research questions for the ASFLP are: (1) how to accurately model the arbitrary-shaped departments, and (2) how to effectively and efficiently determine the desired layout. We present a mixed-integer programming model that maintains the arbitrary shapes of the departments. We use a meta-heuristic to solve the large-size instances of the ASFLP in a reasonable amount of time.
The third problem that we investigate is a supply chain scheduling problem. This problem involves two stages of a supply chain, specifically, a manufacturer and one or more customers. The key issue is to achieve an appropriate coordination between the production and distribution functions of the manufacturer so as to minimize the sum of the shipping and job tardiness costs. We, first, address a single customer problem, and then, extend our analysis to the case of multiple customers. For the single-customer problem, we present a polynomial-time algorithm to solve it to optimality. For the multiple-customer problem, we prove that this problem is NP-hard and solve it by appropriately decomposing it into subproblems, one of which is solvable in polynomial time. We propose a branch-and-bound-based methodology for this problem that exploits its structural properties. Results of an extensive computational experimentation are presented that show the following: (1) our algorithms are efficient to use and effective to implement; and (2) significant benefits accrue as a result of integrating the production and distribution functions.Ph. D.
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Dokos, Malinda K. "The Role of Social Support in Dementia Care Facilities: Staff Member Perspectives." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7648.
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In this study, certified nursing assistants (CNAs) who work regularly with long-term care residents with dementia were interviewed to investigate whether they considered providing social and emotional support to people with dementia an important part of their jobs. They were given an online survey, then each participated in an in-person interview that was recorded and later transcribed and analyzed for common themes. Through data analysis, I found that the participating CNAs unanimously considered social support to be an important aspect of caring for someone with dementia, and several personal values were associated with this perspective. They also reported the trainings they had received in preparation for dementia care were largely not sufficient to prepare them for interacting effectively with the residents. Additionally, they cited various other barriers that impede their ability to provide the social support they feel is necessary to provide. Overall, this sample of CNAs did not provide great diversity, and future research should compare these results to more diverse groups.
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Bishop, Christopher. "Exploring Gender Roles and Gender Equality within the Evangelical Church." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/education_dissertations/1.
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This research aims to facilitate better understanding of perceptions of gender roles and gender equality among members of the Evangelical Church and to determine whether these perceptions differ by gender. The evangelical community’s ideologies and values have come to shape social and political dialogues within the United States. A key component of the faith is understanding the role each member plays within his or her family unit and community at large. The evangelical faith’s organizational structure and ideologies are informed by a patriarchal model that’s placed women at internal and structural odds, based on research exploring evangelically informed organizations. However, there is a gap in literature related to gender roles and equality within the faith, and how these perceptions may differ by gender and the influence a church’s organizational structure may have on these perceptions. This process involved the examination of perceptions of gender among evangelical Christians in a nationally representative sample. These findings informed a series of questions designed to explore, at greater depth on a regional level, the views of evangelicals regarding gender roles and gender equality within their organizations. The study provided a multidimensional construct of how the evangelical community defines themselves, understands gender roles and gender equality, and how these definitions affirm and conflict with definitions outside of the church as well as their own church’s leadership and organizational structure.
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Roberson, Marcia Gale. "Comparative Memory/Behavioral Symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: EOAD vs. LOAD." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3066.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal disorder with no apparent cure. Early-onset AD (EOAD) occurs in individuals before the age of 65, and late-onset AD (LOAD) occurs in individuals age 65 and older. Past studies have proven that AD is fatal among Americans age 65 and older. The disease is characterized by impairments in memory and executive function as well as other cognitive and behavioral problems. The research questions addressed by this sequential, mixed-method study compared EOAD and LOAD by exploring common behavioral/cognitive symptoms and stage levels of AD. Research participants were recruited from the Alzheimer's Association who were members of caregiver support groups and cared for an individual with AD. The qualitative component of this study consisted of a qualitative interview given to caregivers (N = 6), which was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim using the 6-phase thematic analysis. Sequentially, the quantitative component of this study consisted of the BEHAVE-AD and Short IQCODE instruments, which were filled out and completed by caregivers (N = 20) on behalf of patients with probable AD. These data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA, with the alpha set at 0.05. Integration of qualitative and quantitative results indicated no differences in cognitive or behavioral symptoms of either EOAD or LOAD care recipients. These findings have implications for positive social change by continually involving caregiver participants in future studies. Doing so can ensure that care recipients, whether they have been diagnosed at EOAD or LOAD, have a voice.
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Chambon, Cébastien. "Densification et homogénéisation U/Pu au cours du frittage de combustibles oxydes mixtes élaborés à partir de poudres UO2, U3O8 et PuO2." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0847.
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Dans le but de fabriquer des combustibles de type oxyde mixte (MOX = (U,Pu)O2) pour les réacteurs nucléaires du futur, l‘ajout d‘un nouvel intrant, l‘octaoxyde de triuranium (U3O8), est envisagé. Ces travaux de thèse portent sur l'influence de cet ajout pendant le frittage du MOX, ainsi que sur la stabilité dimensionnelle des pastilles frittées lors de recuits. Ces premiers essais ont révélé une dé-densification à haute température des pastilles incorporant une poudre d'U3O8 lorsqu‘elle était issue d‘une synthèse oxalique.Ce phénomène indésirable a été étudié sur un simulant inactif : un oxyde de cérium synthétisé par voie oxalique, afin de développer les techniques expérimentales et les protocoles d‘analyse. Les résultats ont mis en évidence le lien entre la présence d‘impuretés carbonées et le phénomène de dé-densification. De plus, l‘évolution de la dé-densification a été observée pour la première fois, par micro-tomographie X in situ au cours du frittage.L‘étude appliquée au combustible MOX a confirmé le rôle majeur des impuretés carbonées lors du frittage. Les évolutions microstructurales, la quantification des espèces carbonées relâchées pendant le frittage et l‘analyse des gaz piégés dans les pores du matériau fritté ont de plus conduit à identifier un mécanisme de dé-densification. Enfin, une modélisation du comportement thermomécanique du combustible sous l‘effet de la pressurisation des pores, a permis de conforter le mécanisme envisagé. Fort de cette connaissance, un nouveau cycle de frittage a pu alors être proposé et mis en application avec succès pour limiter les effets de ce phénomèneIn order to manufacture mixed-oxide fuels, also known as MOX ((U,Pu)O2) for the next generation of nuclear reactors, the use of triuranium octoxide (U3O8) was considered in this study. This PhD work focuses on the impact of this addition on MOX sintering and on the dimensional stability of sintered pellets during annealing. Initial experiments revealed a de-densification phenomenon at high temperature in the pellets containing U3O8 synthesized from an oxalic route.This undesirable phenomenon was studied on an inactive surrogate: a cerium oxide synthesized from an oxalic route in order to develop experimental techniques and protocols. The relationship between the presence of carbon impurities in the powders and the de-densification phenomenon was proven. Moreover, this de-densification phenomenon was observed in situ for the first time by using X-ray microtomography during sintering.The study of MOX fuels confirmed the major role of carbon impurities. The microstructural evolutions, the quantification of the carbon species released during sintering and the analysis of gases trapped inside the porosity of the sintered material led to the determination of a de-densification mechanism. Finally, a thermomechanical modelling of the fuel behavior under the effect of pore pressurization allows consolidating the proposed mechanism. Based on these results, a new sintering cycle was proposed and the first trials successfully limited the impact of the de-densification phenomenon
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Alubthne, Fawzia O. "Exploring the Quality Needs of Saudi Electronic University Students: A Learner Perspective." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1518699469954247.
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Wei, Honghong. "Impact of mine land reforestation and revegetation on water quality in a mid-Appalachian watershed a stream monitoring study /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5831.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 92 p. : ill., maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-62).
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Campbell, Alyssa M. "RAPE MYTH ACCEPTANCE: A VIGNETTE APPROACH." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/54.
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The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the extent to which rape myth acceptance (RMA) varies according to four key contextual factors—race, the victim–perpetrator relationship, resistance strategies, and the decision to report—among those embedded within college and military cultures. Although sexual assault in a university context has been thoroughly investigated, it is typically in comparison to the general population that may not share the same high-risk elements that promote the environment for sexual assault. Therefore, comparisons of college, military, and a general population were sampled to better understand the attitudes that maintain RMA in these high risk environments. Consistent with previous research aimed at understanding attitudes associated with RMA (Carroll et al., 2016; McMahon, 2010), findings from this study indicated that although individuals hold relatively low RMA overall, individuals tend to endorse other rape myths that blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator. Specifically, race, resistance strategies, and the decision to report all influenced how likely individuals were to attribute some blame to the victim in the vignette.
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Reis, Rafael Marçal Martins de. "Investigação de campo e laboratório sobre revestimento asfáltico ultra delgado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/75877.
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Na década de 1970, foi adotado para o projeto de pavimentos na França o princípio da “dissociação de funções das camadas do revestimento”. Principalmente foram destacados os parâmetros funcionais de conforto, segurança e redução do ruído à camada de rolamento/desgaste e estabelecidos maiores requisitos estruturais para as camadas subjacentes do pavimento. Destacam-se pelo seu uso corrente na França, Inglaterra, Alemanha, Espanha e EUA, para a camada de rolamento em vias de tráfego intenso e/ou pesado, os revestimentos asfálticos delgados e ultra delgados, produzidos e aplicados a quente, envolvendo o emprego de misturas com graduação descontínua. Essas misturas são empregadas principalmente para proteger a estrutura do pavimento e proporcionar maior segurança, qualidade de rolamento e redução do ruído do tráfego, isto é, preservar/melhorar a funcionalidade da rodovia, cabendo às camadas subjacentes do pavimento desempenhar adequadamente a função estrutural para resistir às cargas de tráfego. Esta pesquisa apresenta os procedimentos executivos de laboratório e de campo, bem como os resultados do estudo de dosagem e ao monitoramento das características funcionais de um revestimento asfáltico ultra delgado, composto por uma mistura asfáltica descontínua a quente e uma membrana elástica, num trecho experimental em rodovia de alto tráfego no Sul do Brasil. O estudo demonstra que a técnica pode ser utilizada no país para melhorar as condições superficiais do revestimento asfáltico em relação à segurança da via e redução de ruídos causados pelo tráfego ao meio ambiente.In the 1970s, it was adopted for the design of pavements in France the concept of "separation of functions of wearing courses". Especially prominent were the functional parameters of comfort, safety and noise reduction for wearing courses and greater structural requirements established for the underlying layers of the pavement. For high-traffic highway wearing courses stand out for its current use in France, England, Germany, Spain and the U.S. thin and ultrathin gap-graded hot-mix asphalt. Such mixtures are used primarily to protect the pavement structure and provide greater safety, rolling quality and traffic noise reduction that is, to preserve / enhance the functionality of the highway, leaving the underlying layers of the pavement adequately perform the structural function to resist to traffic loads. The study presents lab and job executive procedures as well as results of mixing asphalt dosage design and monitoring related to the functional characteristics of an ultra-thin hot asphalt wearing course, consisting of a gap-graded asphalt mixture and an elastic membrane, carried out in a high-traffic highway trial. The survey shows that the technique can be used in Brazilian roads to improve the wearing course conditions regarding road safety and traffic noise reduction to the environment.
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Muslu, Zülâl. "Mutation à la Maison des Roses : Souveraineté ottomane et tribunaux mixtes de commerce dans le Long XIXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100142.
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Sous l’impulsion d’un commerce croissant, la multiplication des relations interétatiques avec l’Empire ottoman amena celui-ci à encadrer la résolution des conflits mixtes, qui se contentait jusque-là de négociations par voie diplomatique et extrajudiciaire. Le tribunal de commerce mixte (ticaret), une juridiction extraordinaire composée de juges ottomans et étrangers, fut créée à cet effet dans le cadre d’un profond mouvement de réformes sur le modèle européen (les Tanzimat), qui est communément considéré comme le processus dit de modernisation de l’Empire. S’inscrivant dans la droite lignée de la tradition de pluralisme juridique de l’Empire ottoman, le tribunal portait aussi le sceau des capitulations et des privilèges d’exterritorialité qui leur sont inhérents. Le tribunal incarnait à ce titre une grave transgression au droit de souveraineté de la Sublime Porte, offrant aux puissances un cadre institutionnel pour l’implantation d’une hypo-colonie. En mettant la question de cette modernisation à l’épreuve de l’acculturation et des transferts juridiques dans une approche globale, ce travail déconstruit les allégations de passivité orientale. Il examine comment l’appropriation d’une culture juridique -même imposée- a pu servir à l’émancipation et l’affirmation de la souveraineté d’un Etat. Car, dans sa stratégie d’imitation, le mimétisme comporte une force subversiveUnder the impulse of a growing trade, the rise of interstate relations made it necessary to take care of the resolutions of mixed conflicts, which had until then been held through the diplomatic and extrajudicial channels throughout the Ottoman empire. The Mixed Commercial Court (ticaret) —an extraordinary court composed of both Ottoman and foreign judges¬— was set up for this purpose. Its creation happened within a context of profound reform movements based on the European model (the Tanzimat), which is commonly regarded as a so-called modernization process of the Empire.Following the tradition of the legal pluralism of the Ottoman Empire, it also bore the seal of capitulations and extraterritoriality privileges inherent in them. The court thus embodied a serious transgression to the Sublime Porte's right of sovereignty, offering the world’s major Powers an institutional framework for the establishment of a hypo-colony.By questioning this modernization with regards to acculturation and legal transfers in a global approach, this work deconstructs the allegations of Eastern passivity. It examines how the appropriation of a legal culture —even if it has been imposed— has been able to serve the emancipation of the State and the affirmation of its sovereignty. For in its imitation strategy, mimicry has indeed a subversive force
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Vasconcelos, Nogueira Neto Antonio. "Mécanismes contrôlant les anomalies de température de surface de la mer et de précipitation au cours de deux années contrastées 2010 et 2012 dans l'Atlantique tropical." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30010.
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Peu d'études ont été consacrées à la documentation des processus pilotant l'évolution de l'ITCZ maritime sur l'Atlantique (AMI). La présente étude fournit une analyse de l'évolution de l'océan et de l'atmosphère de l'Atlantique tropicale pour deux années contrastées en Température de Surface de la Mer (TSM), 2010 et 2012, qui ont été respectivement les années les plus chaudes et les plus froides observées au cours de la période 1982-2015. Les mécanismes à l'origine des anomalies interannuelles et saisonnières de la TSM sont d'abord explorés via un bilan thermique dans la couche de mélange océanique (CMO) effectué à partir de flotteurs Argo, de données satellitaires et des réanalyses atmosphériques ERA-Interim pour la période 2007-2012. Le flux de chaleur latente en surface s'est avéré être sous-estimé de 20 W.m-2 conduisant à un mélange vertical erroné dans l'ensemble du domaine. La correction de ce flux de surface a permis d'assimiler le résidu à un mélange vertical turbulent à la base de la couche de mélange d'intensité réaliste. Une fois corrigé, le bilan de la CMO montre que les anomalies de TSM observées en 2010 et 2012 ont été générées par une anomalie de vent liée à une anomalie de flux de chaleur latente sur l'Atlantique nord en hiver. L'advection horizontale induite par le vent joue cependant un rôle fondamental pour équilibrer les flux de surface dans l'Atlantique Sud en 2012. Ces résultats montrent que l'Atlantique tropical nord est une région clé pour la génération des anomalies de TSM observées en 2010 et 2012. La deuxième partie de l'étude étudie la mise en place des anomalies pluviométriques de 2010 et 2012 et les mécanismes associés. En moyenne saisonnière, les précipitations de 2010 ont été plus intenses sur une grande partie du bassin tandis que celles de 2012 présentaient un dipôle méridien avec un maximum de précipitations décalé de 5° au nord par rapport à la climatologie. Un bilan d'eau intégré verticalement a montré que l'advection d'humidité est la principale contribution à l'anomalie de précipitation pour les deux années, notamment via l'anomalie de vent horizontal. À l'échelle intrasaisonnière, une analyse des régimes de pluie révèle que les pluies fortes étaient plus fréquentes en 2010 alors que en 2012 les pluies faibles étaient plus fréquentes. La relation entre les précipitations et certains facteurs clés tels que la TSM et l'eau précipitable dans la zone de l'AMI montrent qu'en 2010, le seuil de TSM pour le déclenchement des pluies est supérieur à celui de 2012. La relation eau précipitable - pluie montre également l'existence d'un seuil d'eau précipitable pour le déclenchement des pluies différent selon les années et selon la température de la troposphère. On montre ainsi que les conditions atmosphériques plus chaudes de 2010 ont contribué à "atténuer" l'effet de l'anomalie de TSM via le mécanisme de Clausius-Clapeyron. La pluie est également modulée par le tourbillon vertical qui est plus faible en 2010 qu'en 2012 à régimes de pluie équivalents, ce que souligne le rôle des perturbations atmosphériques. Une analyse spectrale des précipitations montre que les ondes d'Est Africaines, dans la gamme 2 - 10 jours, expliquent l'essentiel des différences observées dans la variabilité des pluies entre 2010 et 2012. Enfin, un ensemble de simulations réalisées avec le modèle atmosphérique à aire limitée Méso-NH a été utilisé pour comprendre les contributions de l'océan et de l'atmosphère aux anomalies de pluies de 2010 et 2012. Les pluies simulées en changeant la TSM de 2010 par celle de 2012 et en gardant les conditions latérales de 2010 sont très proches de celles de 2010. Ce comportement confirme que le facteur clé pour déterminer l'anomalie de pluie de 2010 n'est pas l'anomalie de TSM mais l'anomalie de vent horizontal et de température de la troposphèreThe Atlantic Marine ITCZ (AMI) is a regional manifestation of the ITCZ over the warm water of the tropical Atlantic oceans. Few studies have been devoted to document the processes driving the evolution of the SST and precipitation, most of which were centered on the eastern side of the basin. The present study provides an analysis of the evolution of the ocean and the atmosphere over the Western part of the Atlantic for two contrasted years in Sea Surface Temperature (SST), 2010 and 2012, that were respectively the warmest and coldest years observed during the 1982-2015 period. The causes of interannual and seasonal anomalies of SST are first explored via an oceanic mixed-layer (ML) heat budget performed from Argo floats, satellite-based data and ERAI-Interim atmospheric reanalysis for the period 2007-2012. The surface latent heat flux was found to be under-estimated by 20 W/m2 and conducted to erroneous vertical mixing in the whole domain. Correction of these surface fluxes yielded to residuals which were assimilated to vertical turbulent mixing at the mixed-layer base, which fell into realistic range. Once corrected, the ML budget shows that the observed SST anomalies in 2010 and 2012 were generated by anomalous wind stress and, consequently, anomalous latent heat flux in the north Atlantic during winter. The wind-induced horizontal advection plays a fundamental role in balancing the surface flux in the south Atlantic in 2012. The north tropical Atlantic appears as a key region for the generation of the SSTs pattern observed in 2010 and 2012. The second part of the study analyses the building of the 2010 and 2012 rainfall anomalies and the underlying mechanisms. On seasonal average, 2010 shows a more intense rainfall over the basin while 2012 exhibits a meridional dipole of precipitation with a rainfall maximum shifted 5 degrees north of its climatological location. An analysis of the water budget integrated vertically indicates that the anomalous vertical advection of moisture is the leading term that contributed to the precipitation anomalies for both years and that anomalous horizontal wind has the greatest contribution to this term. At the intraseasonal scale, an analysis of the precipitation regimes reveal that 2010 favoured more frequent heavy rainfall than 2012 while 2012 was characterised by more frequent lighter rain. The relationships between the precipitation and some key factors such as SST and precipitable water (PW) are analysed within the AMI to understand how deep convection was altered under different SST conditions. The main results is that the 2010 shows a higher SST threshold than 2012 for strong rainfall to occur. The precipitation - PW relationships shows the existence of a threshold of precipitable water too, which depends on the years and the tropospheric temperature. It is underlined that the atmospheric warmer conditions in 2010 vs 2012 acted to "damp" the SST anomaly via Clausius-Clapeyron mechanism, i.e. by increasing the water vapour saturation threshold of the atmosphere. A spectral analysis of precipitation revealed that African Easterly Waves at periods of 2-10 days explain most of the difference in the variability of precipitation between both years. Finally a set of simulation realised with the limited-area atmospheric model Meso-Nh was used to understand the contribution of the ocean and the atmosphere to the anomalous precipitation for 2010. Sensitivity experiments to the SST and initial/lateral boundary conditions were performed. The rainfall simulated by Meso-NH when forcing the model with the SST from 2012 and keeping the lateral boundary conditions to those of 2010 are very close to the rainfall obtained for 2010. It shows that the key factor to determine the 2010 rainfall anomaly is not the SST but the atmospheric properties provided by the lateral boundary conditions i.e. the anomalous horizontal wind and the tropospheric temperature