Journal articles: 'Mixed Algal Consortia'

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Krustok, I., J. G. Diaz, M. Odlare, and E. Nehrenheim. "Algae biomass cultivation in nitrogen rich biogas digestate." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 10 (July 22, 2015): 1723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.384.

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Because microalgae are known for quick biomass growth and nutrient uptake, there has been much interest in their use in research on wastewater treatment methods. While many studies have concentrated on the algal treatment of wastewaters with low to medium ammonium concentrations, there are several liquid waste streams with high ammonium concentrations that microalgae could potentially treat. The aim of this paper was to test ammonium tolerance of the indigenous algae community of Lake Mälaren and to use this mixed consortia of algae to remove nutrients from biogas digestate. Algae from Lake Mälaren were cultivated in Jaworski's Medium containing a range of ammonium concentrations and the resulting algal growth was determined. The algae were able to grow at NH4-N concentrations of up to 200 mg L−1 after which there was significant inhibition. To test the effectiveness of the lake water algae on the treatment of biogas digestate, different pre-cultivation set-ups and biogas digestate concentrations were tested. It was determined that mixing pre-cultivated suspension algae with 25% of biogas digestate by volume, resulting in an ammonium concentration of around 300 mg L−1, produced the highest algal growth. The algae were effective in removing 72.8 ± 2.2% of NH4-N and 41.4 ± 41.4% of PO4-P.

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Kumar, Gopalakrishnan, Periyasamy Sivagurunathan, Parthiban Anburajan, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Ganesh D. Saratale, Chang-Su Choi, and Sang-Hyoun Kim. "Continuous biogenic hydrogen production from dilute acid pretreated algal hydrolysate using hybrid immobilized mixed consortia." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 25 (June 2018): 11452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.050.

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González, C., J. Marciniak, S. Villaverde, C. León, P. A. García, and R. Muñoz. "Efficient nutrient removal from swine manure in a tubular biofilm photo-bioreactor using algae-bacteria consortia." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.655.

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Concentrated animals feeding operations (CAFOs) often pose a negative environmental impact due to the uncontrolled spreading of manure into soils that ends up in the release of organic matter and nutrients into water bodies. Conventional aerobic methods treating CAFOs wastewater require intensive oxygenation, which significantly increases the operational costs. The alternative proposed in this research is the application of micro-algae based systems by taking advantage of the cost-effective in situ oxygenation via photosynthesis. A 4.9 L enclosed tubular biofilm photo-bioreactor was inoculated with an algal–bacterial consortium formed by the micro-algae Chlorella sorokiniana and a mixed bacterial culture from an activated sludge process. C. sorokiniana delivers the O2 necessary to accomplish both organic matter and ammoniun oxidation. The reactor was fed with diluted swine wastewater containing 180, 15 and 2,000 mg/L of NH4+-N, soluble P and total COD, respectively. The photo-bioreactor exhibited good and sustained nutrient removal efficiencies (up to 99% and 86% for NH4+ and PO43−, respectively) while total COD was removed up to 75% when the biofilm was properly established. Liquid superficial velocities up to 0.4 m/s (achieved by culture broth recirculation) hindered the formation of a stable biofilm, while operation at velocities lower than 0.1 m/s supported stable process performance. The high shear stress imposed by the centrifugal recirculation pump disintegrated the large aggregates detached from the biofilm, which resulted in a poor settling performance and therefore poor COD removal efficiencies. Enclosed biofilm photo-bioreactors therefore offer a potentially more economical alternative to conventional tertiary treatments process.

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Setiabudi, Gede Iwan, Dietriech G. Bengen, Ocky Karna Radjasa, and Hefni Effendi. "Preliminary study of algasidal activities of the episymbiont bacterial consortium from Enhalus acoroides." Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2018.v02.i02.p02.

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Seagrass symbiotic bacteria have various functions, one of which is as algaside. There are 2 types of symbionts namely endosymbiont and episymbiont. This study aims to test the initial activity of algaside episymbiont Enhalus acoroides on diatome and dinoflagellate group plankton. The method used for testing is Mixed Algal-bacterial cultures. On media that has been overgrown with algae will be inoculated with episymbiont bacterial consortium E. acoroides. The results of the bacterial consortium research have not shown significant algaside activity. But, on Nitschia sp. showed significant algaside activity. This mean specific activity in the compound or mechanism used as algaside.

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Behera, B., K. Nageshwari, M. Darshini, and P. Balasubramanian. "Evaluating the harvesting efficiency of inorganic coagulants on native microalgal consortium enriched with human urine." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 6 (March 31, 2020): 1217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.143.

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Abstract Flocculation is a common technique to harvest microalgae, where the negatively charged algal cells coalesce together to form larger flocs that settle under gravity. Although several inorganic flocculants have been applied for algal biomass recovery, the dosage varies depending on the algal strain-specific features. Thus, the selection of inorganic coagulant that can be applied at a low dosage for achieving the maximal biomass recovery under normal physiological conditions is necessary. The present study analyses the influence of different inorganic flocculants like ferric chloride (FeCl3), alum, calcium hydroxide, ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate on the biomass removal efficiency of a mixed microalgal consortium isolated from the open ponds of the National Institute of Technology Rourkela and further enriched with diluted human urine. Flocculation experiments were carried out with varying coagulant dosages, pH between 7.5 and 7.8, and 0.5 g L−1 algal concentration. The results revealed that FeCl3 at the dosage of 0.05 g L−1 and KAl(SO4)2 with the dosage of 0.04 g L−1 could be utilized to achieve the biomass recovery efficiency of 99.5% and 97.9%, respectively, within a duration of 5 min. An economic evaluation of the harvesting process showed KAl(SO4)2 to be the cheapest coagulant that could be feasibly used to recover algae at a large scale.

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Barott, Katie L., Beltran Rodriguez-Mueller, Merry Youle, Kristen L. Marhaver, Mark J. A. Vermeij, Jennifer E. Smith, and Forest L. Rohwer. "Microbial to reef scale interactions between the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis and benthic algae." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1733 (November 16, 2011): 1655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2155.

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Competition between reef-building corals and benthic algae is of key importance for reef dynamics. These interactions occur on many spatial scales, ranging from chemical to regional. Using microprobes, 16S rDNA pyrosequencing and underwater surveys, we examined the interactions between the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis and four types of benthic algae. The macroalgae Dictyota bartayresiana and Halimeda opuntia , as well as a mixed consortium of turf algae, caused hypoxia on the adjacent coral tissue. Turf algae were also associated with major shifts in the bacterial communities at the interaction zones, including more pathogens and virulence genes. In contrast to turf algae, interactions with crustose coralline algae (CCA) and M. annularis did not appear to be antagonistic at any scale. These zones were not hypoxic, the microbes were not pathogen-like and the abundance of coral–CCA interactions was positively correlated with per cent coral cover. We propose a model in which fleshy algae (i.e. some species of turf and fleshy macroalgae) alter benthic competition dynamics by stimulating bacterial respiration and promoting invasion of virulent bacteria on corals. This gives fleshy algae a competitive advantage over corals when human activities, such as overfishing and eutrophication, remove controls on algal abundance. Together, these results demonstrate the intricate connections and mechanisms that structure coral reefs.

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Ryan, Jonathon, Hayden Ferral-Smith, and Joshua Wilson. "Wastewater and Mixed Microbial Consortia: a metastudy analysis of Optimal Microbial Fuel Cell configuration." PAM Review Energy Science & Technology 5 (May 31, 2018): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pamr.v5i0.1496.

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Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are an area of increasing research for use as an alternative energy source, due to their ability to produce electricity while simultaneously treating organic waste. This meta-study determines the optimal MFC configuration for electricity production, through consideration of the biocatalyst and substrate used. This study focuses primarily on comparing the use of mixed microbial consortia to pure strains of biocatalyst, and the use of waste water in contrast to simple substrates such as; acetate, glucose, and lactate. The use of algae as a substrate, and as a biocatalyst, is also investigated. In this study, only single and dual chamber MFCs are compared, and power density standardised to anode surface area (mW/m2) is used as a metric to facilitate the comparison of different experimental setups. This meta-study shows that dual chamber MFCs, using simple substrates, when catalysed by mixed culture biocatalysts, produce greater power densities, than algae, and complex substrates, with average power densities of 280, 70 and 30 (mW/m2) observed respectively. In single chamber MFC configurations, mixed culture biocatalysts have been observed to yield approximately double the power output of pure culture biocatalysts.

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Fradinho, J. C., J. M. B. Domingos, G. Carvalho, A. Oehmen, and M. A. M. Reis. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates production by a mixed photosynthetic consortium of bacteria and algae." Bioresource Technology 132 (March 2013): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.050.

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van der Steen, Peter, Kuntarini Rahsilawati, Angélica M. Rada-Ariza, Carlos M. Lopez-Vazquez, and Piet N. L. Lens. "A new photo-activated sludge system for nitrification by an algal-bacterial consortium in a photo-bioreactor with biomass recycle." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 3 (May 15, 2015): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.205.

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Wastewater treatment technologies requiring large areas may be less feasible in urbanizing regions of developing countries. Therefore, a new technology, named photo-activated sludge (PAS), was investigated to combine the advantages of regular activated sludge systems with those of algae ponds for the removal of ammonium. The PAS consisted of a mixed photo-bioreactor, continuously fed with BG-11 medium, adjusted to 66 mgN-NH4+/l. The reactor volume was 2 l, hydraulic retention time was 24 hours, with a depth of 8 cm, and continuous illumination at the water surface was 66 μmol PAR/m2/s (photosynthetically active radiation). Reactor effluent passed through a settler and settled biomass was returned to the reactor. A well settling biomass developed, that contained both algae and nitrifiers. Effluent contained 10 mgN-NH4+/L and 51 mgN-NOx−/L. Using a simplified model, the specific algae growth rate was estimated at about 0.62 day−1, which was within the expected range. For nitrifiers (ammonia oxidizers), the specific growth rate was 0.11 day−1, which was lower than reported for regular activated sludge. The in-situ photo-oxygenation process by algae contributed 82% of the oxygen input, whereas oxygen diffusion through the mixed surface provided the remaining 18%. The foreseen energy savings that a PAS system could achieve warrant further investigations with real wastewater.

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Sniffen, Kaitlyn D., Christopher M. Sales, and Mira S. Olson. "Nitrogen removal from raw landfill leachate by an algae–bacteria consortium." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 3 (October 5, 2015): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.499.

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A remediation system for the removal of nitrogen from landfill leachate by a mixed algae–bacteria culture was investigated. This system was designed to treat leachate with minimal inputs and maintenance requirements, and was operated as an open semi-batch reactor in an urban greenhouse. The results of this study showed a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 9.18 mg N/(L·day) and maximum biomass density of 480 mg biomass/L. The ammonia removal rates of this culture increased with increasing initial ammonia concentration; maximum nitrogen removal occurred at an ammonia concentration of 80 mg N-NH3/L. At starting ammonia concentrations above 80 mg N-NH3/L a reduction in nitrogen removal was seen; this inhibition is hypothesized to be caused by ammonia toxicity. This inhibiting concentration is considerably higher than that of many other published studies.

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Oxtoby, L. E., J. T. Mathis, L. W. Juranek, and M. J. Wooller. "Technical Note: Constraining stable carbon isotope values of microphytobenthos (C<sub>3</sub> photosynthesis) in the Arctic for application to food web studies." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 22, 2013): 18151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-18151-2013.

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Abstract. Microphytobenthos (MPB) tends to be omitted as a possible carbon source to higher trophic level consumers in high latitude marine food web models that use stable isotopes. Here, we used previously published relationships relating the concentration of aqueous carbon dioxide ([CO2]aq), the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (δ13CDIC), and algal growth rates (μ) to estimate the stable carbon isotope composition of MPB-derived total organic carbon (TOC) (δ13Cp) and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers (δ13CFA). We measured [CO2]aq and δ13CDIC values from bottom water at sampling locations in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (n = 18), which ranged from 17 to 72 mmol kg–1 and −0.1 to 1.4 ‰ (0.8 ± 0.4‰, mean ±1 s.d.), respectively. We combined these field measurements with a set of stable carbon isotopic fractionation factors reflecting differences in algal taxonomy and physiology to determine δ13Cp and δ13CFA values. Theδ13Cp and δ13CFA values for a mixed eukaryotic algal community were estimated to be −23.6 ± 0.4‰ and −30.6 ± 0.4‰, respectively. These values were similar to our estimates for Phaeodactylum tricornutum (δ13Cp = −23.9 ± 0.4‰, δ13CFA = −30.9 ± 0.4‰), a pennate diatom likely to be a dominant MPB taxon. Taxon-specific differences were observed between a centric diatom (Porosira glacialis, δ13Cp = −20.0 ± 1.6‰), a marine haptophyte (Emiliana huxleyi, δ13Cp = −22.7 ± 0.5‰), and a cyanobacterium (Synechococcus sp., δ13Cp = −16.2 ± 0.4‰) at μ = 0.1 d−1. δ13Cp and δ13CFA values increased by &simeq; 2.5‰ for the mixed algal consortium and for P. tricornutum when growth rates were increased from 0.1 to 1.4 d−1. We compared our estimates of δ13Cp and δ13CFA values for MPB with previous measurements of δ13CTOC and δ13CFA values for other carbon sources in the Arctic, including ice-derived, terrestrial, and pelagic organic matter. We found that MPB values were significantly distinct from terrestrial and ice-derived carbon sources. However, MPB values overlapped with pelagic sources, which may result in MPB being overlooked as a significant source of carbon in the marine food web.

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Chaurasia, Preeti. "A Sustainable Approach in Bioremediation of Textile Dye Effluent by Microbial Consortia." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39950.

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Abstract: The humongous load on the environment due to the expulsion of textile dye wastewater has always been a major issue. Significantly, the dye is present in the wastewater due to its complex chemical structure, making it a recalcitrant pollutant. Therefore, becoming highly noxious to flora and fauna of the aquatic ecosystems and crop plants. Due to the low biodegradability, dyes are carcinogenic and mutagenic to plants and human beings. Various physicochemical strategies to treat textile effluent have been used, but because of several drawbacks, they are not implemented by most industries. Microbial decolorization is more eco-compatible and economical as it does not produce any intermediate by-products. Also, it can mineralize the dyes completely and efficiently. Microbes like bacteria, fungi, and algae possess enzymes capable of degrading dyes. These organisms are now in trend with the utilization of mixed culture in comparison to the use of individual strain. Bioremediation of pollutants reduces the toxicity from the soil and water source so that water used for irrigation will no longer be harmful to the plants and eventually to us. Keywords: Textile, effluent, bioremediation, decolourization, pollutants

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Doloman, Anna, Yehor Pererva, Michael H. Cortez, Ronald C. Sims, and Charles D. Miller. "Augmentation of Granular Anaerobic Sludge with Algalytic Bacteria Enhances Methane Production from Microalgal Biomass." Fermentation 5, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5040088.

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The efficiency of anaerobic digestion relies upon activity of the inoculum converting organic substrate into biogas. Often, metabolic capacity of the inoculum needs to be augmented with new capabilities to accommodate changes in the substrate feed composition. However, bioaugmentation is not a widely used strategy possibly due to the lack of studies demonstrating successful applications. This study describes the bioaugmentation of granular anaerobic sludge digesting mixed algal biomass in batch-scale reactors. The addition of an algalytic bacterial mixture to the granular consortium increased methane yield by 11%. This study also investigated changes in the microbial 16SrRNA composition of the augmented and non-augmented granular inoculum, which demonstrates a significant change in the hydrolytic microbial community. Overall, the studies’ results aim to provide a feasible checklist to assess the success rates of bioaugmentation of anaerobic digestion applications.

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Sun, Jian, Ping Yang, Nan Li, Mengmeng Zhao, Xubin Zhang, Yaping Zhang, Yong Yuan, Xingwen Lu, and Xun Lu. "Extraction of photosynthetic electron from mixed photosynthetic consortium of bacteria and algae towards sustainable bioelectrical energy harvesting." Electrochimica Acta 336 (March 2020): 135710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135710.

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Samadhiya, Kanchan, Rimjhim Sangtani, Regina Nogueira, and Kiran Bala. "Insightful Advancement and Opportunities for Microbial Bioplastic Production." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (January 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674864.

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Impetuous urbanization and population growth are driving increased demand for plastics to formulate impeccable industrial and biomedical commodities. The everlasting nature and excruciating waste management of petroleum-based plastics have catered to numerous challenges for the environment. However, just implementing various end-of-life management techniques for assimilation and recycling plastics is not a comprehensive remedy; instead, the extensive reliance on finite resources needs to be reduced for sustainable production and plastic product utilization. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and algae, are explored substantially for their bioplastic production repertoire, thus replacing fossil-based plastics sooner or later. Nevertheless, the utilization of pure microbial cultures has led to various operational and economical complications, opening the ventures for the usage of mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) consisting of bacteria and algae for sustainable production of bioplastic. The current review is primarily focuses on elaborating the bioplastic production capabilities of different bacterial and algal strains, followed by discussing the quintessence of MMCs. The present state-of-the-art of bioplastic, different types of bacterial bioplastic, microalgal biocomposites, operational factors influencing the quality and quantity of bioplastic precursors, embracing the potential of bacteria-algae consortia, and the current global status quo of bioplastic production has been summarized extensively.

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Schaedig, Eric, Michael Cantrell, Chris Urban, Xuefei Zhao, Drew Greene, Jens Dancer, Michael Gross, et al. "Isolation of phosphorus-hyperaccumulating microalgae from revolving algal biofilm (RAB) wastewater treatment systems." Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (July 17, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219318.

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Excess phosphorus (P) in wastewater effluent poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and can spur harmful algal blooms. Revolving algal biofilm (RAB) systems are an emerging technology to recover P from wastewater before discharge into aquatic ecosystems. In RAB systems, a community of microalgae take up and store wastewater P as polyphosphate as they grow in a partially submerged revolving biofilm, which may then be harvested and dried for use as fertilizer in lieu of mined phosphate rock. In this work, we isolated and characterized a total of 101 microalgae strains from active RAB systems across the US Midwest, including 82 green algae, 9 diatoms, and 10 cyanobacteria. Strains were identified by microscopy and 16S/18S ribosomal DNA sequencing, cryopreserved, and screened for elevated P content (as polyphosphate). Seven isolated strains possessed at least 50% more polyphosphate by cell dry weight than a microalgae consortium from a RAB system, with the top strain accumulating nearly threefold more polyphosphate. These top P-hyperaccumulating strains include the green alga Chlamydomonas pulvinata TCF-48 g and the diatoms Eolimna minima TCF-3d and Craticula molestiformis TCF-8d, possessing 11.4, 12.7, and 14.0% polyphosphate by cell dry weight, respectively. As a preliminary test of strain application for recovering P, Chlamydomonas pulvinata TCF-48 g was reinoculated into a bench-scale RAB system containing Bold basal medium. The strain successfully recolonized the system and recovered twofold more P from the medium than a microalgae consortium from a RAB system treating municipal wastewater. These isolated P-hyperaccumulating microalgae may have broad applications in resource recovery from various waste streams, including improving P removal from wastewater.

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Militão, Frederico Pacheco, Valéria de Oliveira Fernandes, Kathiani Victor Bastos, Aline Paternostro Martins, Pio Colepicolo, and Levi Pompermayer Machado. "Nutritional value changes in response to temperature, microalgae mono and mixed cultures." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 31 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x7118.

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Abstract Aim The response of mixed cultures and monocultures of Pseudopediastrum boryanum (Turpin) E. Hegewald and Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kützing was assessed in the laboratory at three different temperatures: 20, 30 and 40 °C. The change in biomass and biochemical composition of these cultures was evaluated. Methods Microalgae were placed in a batch culture over 21-days in ASM1 medium. Cell density was directly counted every two days using a Fuchs-Rosenthal hemocytometer. Chlorophyll ‘a’ and total carotenoids were extracted twice. Protein, carbohydrate, total lipid and fatty acid contents were determined at the end of the experiment. Results Cultures grown in 40 °C exhibited no growth. However, there was increased cell density (13.6 x 106 cell.mL-1) and biomass (55 g.L-1) in the S. obliquus monoculture at 30 °C. High protein concentrations (672.6 mg.g-1) were observed in monocultures P. boryanum and S. obliquus at 20 °C treatments. There were high carbohydrate concentrations (6.17 mg.g-1) in P. boryanum unialgal at 30 °C. There was no significant difference in total lipid content between S. obliquus (95.5 mg.g-1), P. boryanum (96.3 mg.g-1) and the mixed culture at 20 °C (105.3 mg.g-1). FAMEs varied significantly regarding the number of unsaturated components, which predominantly consisted of fatty acids with two or more unsaturated bonds. Conclusions The biomass of the treatments analyzed was rich in proteins and essential fatty acids (such as linolenic acid), yet low in carbohydrate content, suggesting its potential use as a food supplement. Our results indicate that mixed culture of P. boryanum and S. obliquus was inefficient in cultivating biomass or biochemical compounds as compared to the unialgal cultivations. However, algae grown together showed better stability in their biochemical composition in response to changes in temperature, an important factor for microalgae production in open ponds and in food safety measures. These results suggest the consortia among different species of microalgae should be tested to determine better methodologies for the production of biomass and metabolites with greater stability towards environmental factors.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mixed Algal Consortia'

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