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Academic literature on the topic 'Mitochondries végétales – Métabolisme'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mitochondries végétales – Métabolisme"
Romestant, Michel. "Activité rythmique de l'Aspartate aminotransférase chez Leptosphaeria michotii (west) sacc : approche moléculaire." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30040.
Full textPireaux, Jean-Claude. "Effets de deux pesticides (analogue auxinique et ammonium quaternaire) sur le métabolisme respiratoire de mitochondries isolées de végétaux supérieurs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL111N.
Full textBourdin, Benoîte. "Etude de l'implication de la carnitine dans le transport intracellulaire des acides gras chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1710.
Full textFatty acid intracellular trafficking within plant cell is still poorly characterized. In animal cell, a carnitine shuttle system is in charge of FA exchange between subcellular compartments, implementing carnitine acyl-transferases (CAT) and carnitine acyl-translocases (CACT). The measurement of CA T activities in plant extracts suggests that carnitine is involved in plant fatty acid metabolism but no data exist regarding the occurrence of acyl-carnitines in plant tissues. A mitochondrial transporter, BOU, showing a strong homology with yeast and animal CACT has also been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. The present study has allowed the finding of acyl-carnitines alongside free carnitine in Arabidopsis and other plant species, after the optimization of a quantification method based on mass spectrometry. This result confirms definitely the link between carnitine and plant fatty acid metabolism. The carnitine and acylcarnitine contents in plant tissues are respectively a hundred and a thousand times lower than in animal tissues. These data suggest that carnitine plays a lesser role in fatty acid metabolism in plants than it does in animaIs. The question on the precise role of carnitine in plant fatty acid metabolism remains to be answered. Yet, our study suggests that free carnitine could act as a compatible solute in response to osmotic stress when considering that it can be stored in plant tissues at non physiological levels without toxic effect but with an impact on root architecture. Our work on the role of the transporter BOU, with regard to Arabidopsis post-germinative growth, shows that it is involved during the stage of photoautotrophic acquisition but not during the preceding stage of storage lipid utilization. A yeast complementation analysis and a transport study using proteoliposomes have not been conclusive enough to associate BOU with the intracellular transport of free carnitine and acylcarnitine
Jurdak, Rana. "Rôle de la signalisation oxydative et du métabolisme des ARNm dans la réponse des semences d’Arabidopsis thaliana à l’éthylène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS014.pdf.
Full textSeed dormancy is a phenomenon that is directly responsible for the growth and dynamics of plants within ecosystems. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in its regulation remain poorly understood. We took advantage of the beneficial effect of ethylene on the germination of dormant Arabidopsis thaliana seeds for deciphering the mechanisms of ROS production and its effects during germination. We show that mitochondria are the primary site of ROS production in germinating seeds and that this ROS production triggers a crosstalk between the mitochondria and the nucleus, as confirmed by the induction of mitochondrial retrograde signaling marker genes. We demonstrate that the response to ethylene differed from other dormancy release treatments such as treatment with gibberellic acid, cold stratification and exposure to light where ROS were detectable in the mitochondria in the early hours of imbibition before localizing in peroxisomes. In all treatments, ROS were detected in the nucleus pointing to an important role of nuclear ROS in the progress towards germination. We also paid attention to the dynamics of RNA metabolism in the same process. We show that a synchronized activation of transcription, association of transcripts with polysomes and mRNA decay is associated with the beneficial effect of ethylene on seed germination. The RNAseq data enabled the identification of many regulators of this process. We demonstrate that the shift of the hormonal balance ABA/GA towards GA signalling and germination requires a multilevel and concerted effect on all levels of mRNA fate, from transcription to decay
Riyahi, Benzakour Jamila. "Étude du mode d'action de quelques pesticides sur le métabolisme énergétique du soja (glycine Max L. )." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10253.
Full textZheng, Yao. "Identification of interacting mitochondrial enzymes involved in pyrroline-5-carboxylate metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS269.pdf.
Full textThe proteinogenic amino acid proline plays a crucial role for cellular metabolism in living organisms. In mitochondria, proline is oxidized to glutamate by the sequential action of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) dehydrogenase (P5CDH). In addition, ornithine δ-aminotransferase (δOAT) also participates in P5C formation through the conversion of ornithine and α-ketoglutarate into glutamate and P5C. Using mutants and biochemical approaches, ProDH1, P5CDH and δOAT were shown to be involved during dark-induced leaf senescence (DIS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Striking accumulation of P5C and proline was observed in p5cdh mutant and to a lesser extent in prodh1prodh2 mutant, suggesting a putative proline-P5C cycle. Metabolomic analysis indicated that prodh1prodh2 and p5cdh have a similar metabolomic profile, but significantly different from wild-type and oat mutant, demonstrating the role of proline oxidation during DIS. ProDH1 was shown to be preferentially associated to the mitochondrial membrane fraction, while P5CDH and δOAT are more evenly distributed between matrix and membrane fractions. Homo- and hetero-oligomerizations of ProDH1, P5CDH, and δOAT were revealed using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) assay of infiltrated tobacco leaves. Interactions between P5C metabolism enzymes were further highlighted in DIS leaves using proteomics approaches coupled with mass spectrometry. Our work demonstrates that these three enzymes form P5C metabolic complex(es) involved in the oxidation of proline to fuel mitochondrial electron transfer chain to support the energy needs of senescent cells
Waltz, Florent. "Characterization of the mitochondrial translation apparatus of Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ087/document.
Full textRibosomes are the molecular machines translating the genetic information carried by mRNA into protein. Different translation machineries co-exist in eukaryote cells. While cytosolic translation is comparatively well characterized, it remains the most elusive step of gene expression in mitochondria. In plants, while numerous pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are involved in all steps of gene expression, their function in translation remains unclear. My work focused on the biochemical characterisation of Arabidopsis mitochondrial ribosomes and the identification of its protein composition. Complementary biochemical approaches identified 19 plant specific mitoribosome proteins, among which 10 are PPR proteins. The knock out mutations of ribosomal PPR (rPPR) genes result in distinct macroscopic phenotypes including lethality or severe growth delays. The molecular analysis of rPPR1 mutants, using ribosome profiling, as well as the analysis of mitochondrial protein levels, revealed that rPPR1 is a generic translation factor, which is a novel function for PPR proteins. Finally, single particle cryo-electron microscopy was used and revealed the unique structural architecture of Arabidopsis mitoribosomes, characterised by a very large small ribosomal subunit, larger than the large subunit, with a novel head domain. Overall, my results showed that Arabidopsis mitoribosomes are completely distinct from bacterial and other eukaryote mitoribosomes, both in terms of structure and of protein content
Gilbert, Louise. "Étude de la biosynthèse de l'ascorbate et des métabolismes associés chez la Tomate : rôle de la L-galactono-1,4-lactone déshydrogénase et de la GDP-D-mannose-3',5'-épimérase." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21668/document.
Full textDown-regulation of two genes encoding the L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) and the GDP-D-mannose-3',5'-epimerase (GME), enzymes of ascorbate biosynthesis pathway, led to a better understanding of the physiological role of these enzymes in tomato plants. On one hand, the study of GalLDH highlighted the complex regulation of ascorbate metabolism and the essential function of this protein in mitochondrial electron transport chain. Moreover, this work revealed the central role of the GME for both the ascorbate biosynthesis and the biosynthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, including mannans and rhamnogalacturonan II. In the GME-silenced plants, we found that modifications of the cell wall structure change the mechanical properties of stems and fruit as well as the fertilization. These changes led to an increase of stem fragility and to an increase of sterility. Therefore, GME plays a crucial role regarding the nutritional and organoleptic quality of tomato fruit. Finally, within the context of a systems biology approach, our results associated to datas obtained with plants silenced for recycling pathway related genes lead to the prospect to unravel the knowledges on the regulation and the integration of ascorbate metabolism in cell functions
Khalid, Ahmed. "Purification et caractérisation de l'aspartate aminotransférase du champignon ectomycorhizien cenococcum geophilum." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10039.
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