Academic literature on the topic 'Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome"
1
Millichap, J. Gordon. "Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-16-11-3.
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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Myopathic Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-17-8-7.
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Tesarova, M., J. A. Mayr, L. Wenchich, H. Hansikova, M. Elleder, K. Blahova, W. Sperl, and J. Zeman. "Mitochondrial DNA Depletion in Alpers Syndrome." Neuropediatrics 35, no. 4 (July 2004): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-821081.
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Rahman, S., Taanman J-W, BN Harding, and Morris Aam. "Alpers Syndrome with Mitochondrial Dna Depletion." Clinical Science 103, s47 (July 1, 2002): 51P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs103051p.
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Filiano, James J., Michael J. Goldenthal, Alexander C. Mamourian, Cara C. Hall, and José Marı́n-Garcı́a. "Mitochondrial DNA depletion in Leigh syndrome." Pediatric Neurology 26, no. 3 (March 2002): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-8994(01)00377-0.
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Rahman, S., J. W. Taanman, and B. N. Harding. "Alpers syndrome with mitochondrial DNA depletion." Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 28, no. 2 (March 2002): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2990.2002.39286_32.x.
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Basel, Donald. "Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndromes." Clinics in Perinatology 47, no. 1 (March 2020): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2019.10.008.
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Wang, Liya, and Staffan Eriksson. "Mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase mutations and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome." FEBS Letters 554, no. 3 (October 21, 2003): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01181-5.
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Hong, Ki Teak, Byung Chan Lim, Jin Soo Moon, and Jae Sung Ko. "MPV17-related Hepatocerebral Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome." Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 77, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2020.170.
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Taanman, J. W., A. G. Bodnar, J. M. Cooper, A. A. M. Morris, P. T. Clayton, J. V. Leonard, and A. H. V. Schapira. "Molecular Mechanisms in Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome." Human Molecular Genetics 6, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/6.6.935.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome"
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Lintell, Nicholas Adrian, and n/a. "DNA Aberrations in Atypical Cancer Cohorts." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061009.164402.
Full textAbstract:
The incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma is growing in certain populations to the extent that it is now the most common skin lesion in young men and women in high ultraviolet exposure regions such as Queensland. In terms of incidence up to 45% of the Australian population over 40 years of age is thought to possess the precancerous Solar Keratosis lesion and with a small but significant chance of progression into SCC, understanding the genetic events that play a role in this process is essential. The major aims of this study were to analyse whole blood derived samples for DNA aberrations in genes associated with tumour development and cellular maintenance, with the ultimate aim of identifying genes associated with non-melanoma skin cancer development. This study had an explicit emphasis on the mitochondrial genome and nuclear genes that encode for subunits in the mitochondrial regulated energy transducing oxidative phosphorylation pathways. More specifically the first aim of this project was to analyse the NDUFA8, PTCH, NDUFAS, SMOH, SDHD, MMPI2, NDUFV1, EMSI, COXVIIc, and RASAI genes via non-specific fluorophoric Real-Time PCR for genetic aberrations in an affected Solar Keratosis and control cohort. The second aim was to analyse two specific genes, SDHD and MMPI2, for copy number aberrations via Dual-Labelled Probe Real-Time PCR in the same affected Solar Keratosis and control cohort. The third aim was to analyse Mitochondrial DNA Depletion syndrome (MDS) in a chemically exposed RAAF personnel cohort via Dual-Labelled Probe Real-Time PCR. The significance of these studies is in their contribution to the knowledge of the genetic pathways that are malformed in the progression and development of the pre-cancerous skin lesion Solar Keratosis. Furthermore, it would determine whether the genes analysed in this study exist in greater prevalence in the affected Solar Keratosis population compared to the control cohort. With regard to the MDS component, identifying the presence of this disease in these individuals was initially undertaken as part of a study to provide evidence in compensation claims. The diagnosis may assist in their medical therapy, insofar as some of them were now suffering from liver malfunctions and atypical male breast cancer. Another application of this effective and low cost method of diagnosing MDS is in populations with high HTV incidences. This is due to the fact that the most common drug used to treat this disease can give rise to the expression of MDS, thus further complicating the health status of HIV infected individuals. The analysis of this research was accomplished via the Real-Time PCR technique, with a non-specific fluorophore component in addition to specific Dual-Labelled Probe components, to ascertain the general nature of any aberration identified in the sample cohort. This project also employed additional methods of analysis such as DHPLC and DNA sequencing to assist in determining the veracity of its aims, particularly in terms of the precise detection of genetic aberrations via Real-Time PCR. Patients exhibiting male breast cancer and liver malftinctions were also analysed via Dual-Labelled Probe RealTime PCR to ascertain the presence of Mitochondrial DNA Depletion syndrome, a disorder characterised by lactic acidosis, liver failure, seizures, and congestive heart failure. Determining the presence of this syndrome in these patients would assist in their medical treatment, and contribute to the analytical methods available to diagnose this syndrome, which is known to occur in HIV sufferers due to the nucleoside drugs used to combat the disease. Real-Time PCR can adequately gauge the integrity of a genetic area in terms of amplicon malformities (non-specific-fluorophoric) and DNA copy number aberrations (Dual-Labelled Probe) via fluorophore signal differentials compared to wild-type samples and housekeeper profiles. The results of the first component of this project, namely the analysis of five gene pairs by non-specific fluorophoric Real-Time PCR, highlighted that a significantly higher incidence of putative aberrants is evident in the affected population when compared to the control cohort. The genes analysed were NDUFA8, PTCH, NDUFA5, SMOH, SDHD, MMP 12, NDUFVI, EMS 1, COXVIIc, and RASA 1. These ten genes were subdivided into five pairs; one of the pair being a gene associated with the development of a non-melanotic skin cancer (NMSC), the other a gene encoding for a subunit of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). Each of these pairs exists in close proximity to one another on a particular chromosomal locale. Differences were highlighted in the single gene triplicate run population. The ETC genes (NDUFA8, NDUFA5, SDHD, NIDUFVI, COXVIIc) exhibited 10 / 720 (1.37%) as being putative mutants in the control population, compared to 117 / 675 (17.3%) for the affected population (p value less than 0.0001). The NMSC gene analysis (PTCH, SMOH, MMPI2, EMSI, RASA1) produced a 16 / 720 (2.22%) ratio for the control population, with the affected population having an incidence of 97 / 675 (14.4 %) for putative mutants (p value less than 0.0001). The observance of putative aberrants in the NDUFVI (p less than 0.018), EMS1 (p less than 0.003), COXVTIc (p less than 0.001), and RASA I (p less than 0.009) genes in the affected Solar Keratosis (SK) population was significantly higher than that observed in the control population. The majority of aberrations detected via the non-specific fluorophoric Real-Time PCR technique were small nucleotide base insertions and deletions. The analysis of the SK affected and control cohort via Real-Time PCR proved a cost-effective and reliable method in identifying the presence of DNA aberrations such as non-instructional sites. The results of the second component extended the findings of the non-specific fluorophoric analysis. The SDHD and MMPI 2 genes were analysed for copy number aberrations via Dual-Labelled Probe Real-Time PCR for genetic aberrations the same affected and control Solar Keratosis cohort. It was found that 12 of 279 samples had identifiable copy-number aberrations in either the SDHD or MMPI2 gene (this means that a genetic section of either of these two genes is aberrantly amplified or deleted), with five of the samples exhibiting aberrations in both genes. The MMPI2 gene also had nine samples identified as possessing an intronic heterozygous base-pair substitution anomaly via DNA sequencing. The NDUFA8 gene had 12 samples identified as anomalous via the DHPLC technique, 11 of which were identified via non-specific fluorophoric Real-Time PCR, with the analysis performed to verify the accuracy of the Real-Time technique in identifying DNA aberrations. This study identified DNA aberrations in an affected Solar Keratosis and control cohort and ascertained several particular genomic abnomialities in the SDHD, MMPI2 and NDUFA8 genes, with an emphasis on copy-number aberrations and amplicon abnormalities. In the third component of this study, namely the analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Depletion syndrome (MDS) in a jet-fuel exposed RAAF personnel cohort via Dual-Labelled Probe Real-Time PCR, the results indicated that four of the seven patients were expressing MDS. Of the four patients who exhibited a reduction in mitochondrial copy-number the average decrease was of a four-fold level, or approximately a depletion of mitochondrial copies from 200 plus to ~ 54 (74 % reduction in MtDNA). The patients who contributed DNA for investigation into the presence of MDS were suffering from liver malfunction and atypical male breast cancer. The Dual-Labelled Probe technique proved a reliable and cost effective method in identifying the presence of MDS in these patients, with the DNA extracted from fresh white blood cells that had been isolated using the Ficoll-Hypaque method. The importance of this is that accurate levels of Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers can be ascertained in white blood cells as it removes the presence of platelets, which also contain mitochondria but no nucleus. The analysis of ETC and NMSC associated genes in addition to mitochondrial copy number integrity means that this study investigated two aspects of the carcinogenetic pathway i.e. abnormal energy regulation and the regulation of micromolecular and macromolecular cellular homeostatic mechanisms. The mechanism of programmed cell death or apoptosis is regulated by the mitochondria and the ability of a genetically damaged cell to evade the apoptotic process is directly linked to a cell becoming cancerous. It is only after the evasion of apoptosis and the replication of the damaged cells' DNA into daughter cells that neoplastic events can occur. Thus, this study contributed to the understanding of how neo-plastic lesions may develop and progress into invasive tumours. It additionally assisted in proving the effectiveness of the RealTime PCR technique in detecting DNA aberrations and mitochondrial copy number anomalies.
2
Lintell, Nicholas Adrian. "DNA Aberrations in Atypical Cancer Cohorts." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365589.
Full textAbstract:
The incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma is growing in certain populations to the extent that it is now the most common skin lesion in young men and women in high ultraviolet exposure regions such as Queensland. In terms of incidence up to 45% of the Australian population over 40 years of age is thought to possess the precancerous Solar Keratosis lesion and with a small but significant chance of progression into SCC, understanding the genetic events that play a role in this process is essential. The major aims of this study were to analyse whole blood derived samples for DNA aberrations in genes associated with tumour development and cellular maintenance, with the ultimate aim of identifying genes associated with non-melanoma skin cancer development. This study had an explicit emphasis on the mitochondrial genome and nuclear genes that encode for subunits in the mitochondrial regulated energy transducing oxidative phosphorylation pathways. More specifically the first aim of this project was to analyse the NDUFA8, PTCH, NDUFAS, SMOH, SDHD, MMPI2, NDUFV1, EMSI, COXVIIc, and RASAI genes via non-specific fluorophoric Real-Time PCR for genetic aberrations in an affected Solar Keratosis and control cohort. The second aim was to analyse two specific genes, SDHD and MMPI2, for copy number aberrations via Dual-Labelled Probe Real-Time PCR in the same affected Solar Keratosis and control cohort. The third aim was to analyse Mitochondrial DNA Depletion syndrome (MDS) in a chemically exposed RAAF personnel cohort via Dual-Labelled Probe Real-Time PCR. The significance of these studies is in their contribution to the knowledge of the genetic pathways that are malformed in the progression and development of the pre-cancerous skin lesion Solar Keratosis. Furthermore, it would determine whether the genes analysed in this study exist in greater prevalence in the affected Solar Keratosis population compared to the control cohort. With regard to the MDS component, identifying the presence of this disease in these individuals was initially undertaken as part of a study to provide evidence in compensation claims. The diagnosis may assist in their medical therapy, insofar as some of them were now suffering from liver malfunctions and atypical male breast cancer. Another application of this effective and low cost method of diagnosing MDS is in populations with high HTV incidences. This is due to the fact that the most common drug used to treat this disease can give rise to the expression of MDS, thus further complicating the health status of HIV infected individuals. The analysis of this research was accomplished via the Real-Time PCR technique, with a non-specific fluorophore component in addition to specific Dual-Labelled Probe components, to ascertain the general nature of any aberration identified in the sample cohort. This project also employed additional methods of analysis such as DHPLC and DNA sequencing to assist in determining the veracity of its aims, particularly in terms of the precise detection of genetic aberrations via Real-Time PCR. Patients exhibiting male breast cancer and liver malftinctions were also analysed via Dual-Labelled Probe RealTime PCR to ascertain the presence of Mitochondrial DNA Depletion syndrome, a disorder characterised by lactic acidosis, liver failure, seizures, and congestive heart failure. Determining the presence of this syndrome in these patients would assist in their medical treatment, and contribute to the analytical methods available to diagnose this syndrome, which is known to occur in HIV sufferers due to the nucleoside drugs used to combat the disease. Real-Time PCR can adequately gauge the integrity of a genetic area in terms of amplicon malformities (non-specific-fluorophoric) and DNA copy number aberrations (Dual-Labelled Probe) via fluorophore signal differentials compared to wild-type samples and housekeeper profiles. The results of the first component of this project, namely the analysis of five gene pairs by non-specific fluorophoric Real-Time PCR, highlighted that a significantly higher incidence of putative aberrants is evident in the affected population when compared to the control cohort. The genes analysed were NDUFA8, PTCH, NDUFA5, SMOH, SDHD, MMP 12, NDUFVI, EMS 1, COXVIIc, and RASA 1. These ten genes were subdivided into five pairs; one of the pair being a gene associated with the development of a non-melanotic skin cancer (NMSC), the other a gene encoding for a subunit of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). Each of these pairs exists in close proximity to one another on a particular chromosomal locale. Differences were highlighted in the single gene triplicate run population. The ETC genes (NDUFA8, NDUFA5, SDHD, NIDUFVI, COXVIIc) exhibited 10 / 720 (1.37%) as being putative mutants in the control population, compared to 117 / 675 (17.3%) for the affected population (p value less than 0.0001). The NMSC gene analysis (PTCH, SMOH, MMPI2, EMSI, RASA1) produced a 16 / 720 (2.22%) ratio for the control population, with the affected population having an incidence of 97 / 675 (14.4 %) for putative mutants (p value less than 0.0001). The observance of putative aberrants in the NDUFVI (p less than 0.018), EMS1 (p less than 0.003), COXVTIc (p less than 0.001), and RASA I (p less than 0.009) genes in the affected Solar Keratosis (SK) population was significantly higher than that observed in the control population. The majority of aberrations detected via the non-specific fluorophoric Real-Time PCR technique were small nucleotide base insertions and deletions. The analysis of the SK affected and control cohort via Real-Time PCR proved a cost-effective and reliable method in identifying the presence of DNA aberrations such as non-instructional sites. The results of the second component extended the findings of the non-specific fluorophoric analysis. The SDHD and MMPI 2 genes were analysed for copy number aberrations via Dual-Labelled Probe Real-Time PCR for genetic aberrations the same affected and control Solar Keratosis cohort. It was found that 12 of 279 samples had identifiable copy-number aberrations in either the SDHD or MMPI2 gene (this means that a genetic section of either of these two genes is aberrantly amplified or deleted), with five of the samples exhibiting aberrations in both genes. The MMPI2 gene also had nine samples identified as possessing an intronic heterozygous base-pair substitution anomaly via DNA sequencing. The NDUFA8 gene had 12 samples identified as anomalous via the DHPLC technique, 11 of which were identified via non-specific fluorophoric Real-Time PCR, with the analysis performed to verify the accuracy of the Real-Time technique in identifying DNA aberrations. This study identified DNA aberrations in an affected Solar Keratosis and control cohort and ascertained several particular genomic abnomialities in the SDHD, MMPI2 and NDUFA8 genes, with an emphasis on copy-number aberrations and amplicon abnormalities. In the third component of this study, namely the analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Depletion syndrome (MDS) in a jet-fuel exposed RAAF personnel cohort via Dual-Labelled Probe Real-Time PCR, the results indicated that four of the seven patients were expressing MDS. Of the four patients who exhibited a reduction in mitochondrial copy-number the average decrease was of a four-fold level, or approximately a depletion of mitochondrial copies from 200 plus to ~ 54 (74 % reduction in MtDNA). The patients who contributed DNA for investigation into the presence of MDS were suffering from liver malfunction and atypical male breast cancer. The Dual-Labelled Probe technique proved a reliable and cost effective method in identifying the presence of MDS in these patients, with the DNA extracted from fresh white blood cells that had been isolated using the Ficoll-Hypaque method. The importance of this is that accurate levels of Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers can be ascertained in white blood cells as it removes the presence of platelets, which also contain mitochondria but no nucleus. The analysis of ETC and NMSC associated genes in addition to mitochondrial copy number integrity means that this study investigated two aspects of the carcinogenetic pathway i.e. abnormal energy regulation and the regulation of micromolecular and macromolecular cellular homeostatic mechanisms. The mechanism of programmed cell death or apoptosis is regulated by the mitochondria and the ability of a genetically damaged cell to evade the apoptotic process is directly linked to a cell becoming cancerous. It is only after the evasion of apoptosis and the replication of the damaged cells' DNA into daughter cells that neoplastic events can occur. Thus, this study contributed to the understanding of how neo-plastic lesions may develop and progress into invasive tumours. It additionally assisted in proving the effectiveness of the RealTime PCR technique in detecting DNA aberrations and mitochondrial copy number anomalies.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
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Martorano, Laura. "The zebrafish orthologue of the human hepatocerebral disease gene MPV17 plays pleiotropic roles in mitochondria." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424883.
Full textAbstract:
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes (MDS) are a group of rare autosomal recessive disorders with early onset and no cure available. MDS are caused by mutations in several nuclear genes, involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, characterized by a strong reduction of mtDNA copy number in affected tissues and severe defects in mitochondrial functionality. Mutations in MPV17, a nuclear gene encoding a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, have been specifically associated with hepatocerebral forms of MDS. However, MPV17 protein function is still unclear, although it has been suggested a primary role in mtDNA maintenance. Zebrafish represents a model to clarify this biological question: a mpv17 null mutant (roy orbison) shows a 19 bp deletion resulting in aberrant splicing between the exons 2 and 3 of mpv17 gene and lacks the guanine-based reflective skin cells named iridophores. In our work, we have characterized in details the mitochondrial phenotype of roy larvae and found early severe ultrastructural alterations in liver mitochondria; we could also observe a significant impairment of respiratory chain complexes leading to mitochondrial quality control activation. Our results provide evidences for Mpv17 being really essential in mitochondrial cristae maintenance and OXPHOS functionality, while its effect on mtDNA maintenance seems to be consequential, considering that mtDNA depletion only appeared at later stages of development. Moreover, taking into account that in roy orbison it has been previously postulated a role for Mpv17 in purines availability, and that embryos blocked in their pyrimidine synthesis resemble roy phenotype, we investigated the two alternatives by administrating purine and pyrimidine precursors to homozygous mutant embryos. Interestingly, orotic acid (OA) administration ameliorated roy phenotype, hence linking the loss of Mpv17 to pyrimidine de novo synthesis. In particular, the treatment with OA, currently used as food supplement, significantly increased not only iridophores number but also mtDNA content of mpv17 null mutants, thus opening up a new simple therapeutic approach for MPV17-related MDS.Le sindromi da deplezione del DNA mitocondriale (MDS) sono un gruppo di malattie rare a carattere autosomico recessivo con esordio precoce e prognosi infausta. Le MDS sono causate da mutazioni a carico di diversi geni nucleari, coinvolti nel mantenimento del DNA mitocondriale (mtDNA), e caratterizzate da una forte riduzione del numero di copie del mtDNA nei tessuti interessati, nonchè da gravi difetti nella funzionalità mitocondriale. Le mutazioni a carico di MPV17, un gene nucleare che codifica per una proteina di membrana mitocondriale interna, sono state specificatamente associate a forme epatocerebrali di MDS. Tuttavia, la funzione della proteina MPV17 non è nota, sebbene sia stato ipotizzato un ruolo primario nel mantenimento del mtDNA. Zebrafish rappresenta un modello per rispondere a questa domanda biologica: un mutante nullo per il gene mpv17, detto roy orbison (roy), presenta una delezione di 19 bp che causa uno splicing aberrante tra gli esoni 2 e 3 del gene e, di conseguenza, l’assenza della proteina codificata. Dal punto di vista fenotipico, il mutante roy mostra un difetto di pigmentazione, caratterizzato dall’assenza di cellule, chiamate iridofori, le quali conferiscono alla pelle, grazie al loro contenuto di cristalli di guanina, la sua proprietà riflettente. Il presente lavoro di tesi ha avuto come obiettivo principale la caratterizzazione dettagliata del fenotipo mitocondriale delle larve mutanti per il gene mpv17, nelle quali abbiamo rilevato, già a stadi precoci, importanti alterazioni dell’ultrastruttura mitocondriale nel fegato e una significativa perdita della funzionalità dei complessi della catena respiratoria (OXPHOS). I nostri risultati suggeriscono, pertanto, una funzione essenziale del gene mpv17 nel mantenimento delle creste mitocondriali e della piena attività dell’OXPHOS, mentre il suo effetto sulla stabilità del mtDNA, ipotizzato in letteratura, sembra essere consequenziale, considerando che la deplezione del mtDNA è rilevabile solo in fasi tardive dello sviluppo. Inoltre, considerando che nei mutanti roy orbison era stata precedentemente ipotizzata una funzione di Mpv17 nel metabolismo delle purine e che, inoltre, l’inibizione della sintesi di pirimidine negli embrioni wild-type causa un fenotipo assimilabile a quello dei roy, sono stati somministrati precursori purinici e pirimidinici agli embrioni omozigoti mutanti, al fine di osservare o meno un miglioramento del fenotipo. È interessante notare che la somministrazione di acido orotico (OA), prodotto dell’enzima mitocondriale Diidroorotato deidrogenasi (DHODH) e precursore delle pirimidine, ha migliorato il fenotipo roy, collegando quindi la perdita di Mpv17 alla sintesi de novo dei nucleotidi. In particolare, il trattamento con OA, attualmente usato come integratore alimentare, ha aumentato significativamente non solo il numero di iridofori ma anche il contenuto di mtDNA nei mutanti nulli di mpv17, aprendo così nuove prospettive nel trattamento delle malattie da deplezione del DNA mitocondriale causate da mutazioni a carico di MPV17.
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Komulainen, T. (Tuomas). "Disturbances in mitochondrial DNA maintenance in neuromuscular disorders and valproate-induced liver toxicity." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207230.
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Abstract Mitochondrial DNA depletion and deletions are related to mutations in the nuclear genes responsible for replication and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The POLG1 gene encodes the enzyme responsible for replication of mtDNA. A particular feature of the POLG1 mutations is an increased risk of acute liver failure (ALF) upon exposure to sodium valproate (VPA), but the pathomechanism is not resolved. The present work studies the molecular genetic aetiology and clinical phenotypes associated with mtDNA depletion and deletion. Another objective was an investigation of clinical phenotypes in POLG1 mutations and disentangling the pathomechanism of VPA-induced ALF in POLG1 mutations. Mitochondrial toxicity of VPA was examined using HepG2 cells as an experimental in vitro model. In this work, mtDNA depletion was associated with severe neonatal-onset encephalopathy. Furthermore, mtDNA depletion was found in muscle dystrophy as a secondary finding to muscle degradation. Multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions were found in two patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome suggesting a genetic origin of the disease. POLG1 p.R722H mutation has been previously reported as a neutral polymorphism, but we found evidence suggesting that POLG1 p.R722H could be a pathogenic mutation in a homozygous or compound heterozygous state. We identified retrospectively five patients, who required liver transplant after VPA-induced ALF. All five patients harboured POLG1 mutations supporting the evidence of POLG1 mutations as a risk factor for VPA-induced ALF. Previously, patients with POLG1 mutations have been considered unsuitable for liver transplantation, but we found that homozygous POLG1 mutations and adolescent or adult-onset disease predicted a good outcome following liver transplantation. In vitro studies on HepG2 cells showed that VPA disturbs mitochondrial respiration. Our results expand the phenotypes and molecular genetic features in mitochondrial DNA depletion and deletion syndromes. We found evidence that POLG1 mutations are not a contraindication for liver transplantation; rather, mutation status and age at onset affect survival. This finding should be taken in consideration in the treatment of VPA-induced ALF. Furthermore, our findings indicate that sodium valproate is toxic to mitochondria and should be avoided in patients with mitochondrial diseaseTiivistelmä Mitokondrion DNA:n (mtDNA) kahdentumisesta ja ylläpidosta vastaavien tuman geenien mutaatiot voivat johtaa mtDNA:n määrän vähenemiseen (depleetioon) ja katkoksiin (deleetioihin). MtDNA:n kahdentumisesta vastaavaa entsyymiä koodaa tuman POLG1-geeni. POLG1-mutaatioihin liittyy kohonnut riski sairastua natriumvalproaatin (VPA) aiheuttamaan akuuttiin maksavaurioon. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia mtDNA:n depleetion ja deleetioiden molekyyligeneettistä etiologiaa ja kliinisiä taudinkuvia. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin myös POLG1-mutaatioihin liittyviä taudinkuvia ja POLG1-mutaatioihin liittyvän akuutin maksavaurion patomekanismia. VPA:n vaikutusta mitokondrioiden toimintaan tutkittiin in vitro HepG2-solumallissa. Tutkimuksessa todettiin mtDNA:n depleetion liittyvän vaikeaan varhain alkavaan aivosairauteen. Depleetio todettiin myös sekundaarisena merosiini-negatiivisessa lihasdystrofiassa. Kahdella Kearns-Sayren syndroomaa sairastavalla potilaalla todettiin multippelit mtDNA:n deleetiot, mikä viittaa syndrooman geneettisen alkuperään. POLG1 p.R722H-mutaatiota on aiemmin pidetty neutraalina polymorfiana, mutta tutkimuksen tulokset viittasivat siihen, että homotsygoottisena tai yhdistelmäheterotsygoottisena mutaatio on tautia aiheuttava. Helsingin yliopistollisen sairaalan elinsiirtorekisteristä tunnistettiin retrospektiivisesti viisi potilasta, jotka olivat saaneet maksansiirteen VPA:n aiheuttaman maksavaurion vuoksi. Kaikilla viidellä potilaalla todettiin POLG1-geenin mutaatio, mikä vahvistaa käsitystä geenin yhteydestä VPA:n aiheuttamaan maksavaurioon. POLG1-mutaatioita on pidetty vasta-aiheena maksansiirrolle, mutta tutkimuksessa todettiin homotsygoottisena esiintyvän POLG1-mutaation ja nuoruusiällä tai varhaisella aikuisiällä alkaneen taudin liittyvän parempaan maksansiirron jälkeiseen ennusteeseen. HepG2-solumallilla tehdyt tutkimukset osoittivat VPA:n haittaavan mitokondrioiden solyhengitystä. Tutkimuksen tulokset tuovat lisätietoa mtDNA:n depleetioon ja deleetioihin liittyvistä taudinkuvista ja molekyyligeneettisestä taustasta. POLG1-mutaatiot eivät ole ehdoton vasta-aihe maksansiirrolle; potilaan geneettinen status ja ikä taudin alkamishetkellä vaikuttavat ennusteeseen, mikä tulisi huomioida potilaiden hoidossa. Tulokset myös osoittivat VPA:n olevan mitokondriotoksinen lääke, jonka käyttöä tulisi välttää mitokondriotautipotilaiden hoidossa
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Hine, Donna Louise. "Mitochondrial DNA depletion and insulin secretion." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1906.
Full textAbstract:
Type 2 diabetes is an age-related condition and is characterised by a progressive decline in insulin secretion. Mitochondria play a key role in energy generation for insulin secretion. We previously reported an age-related decline in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in isolated human islets. TFAM, mtDNA Transcription Factor A, regulates mtDNA transcription and mtDNA copy number. Aims: We aimed to replicate the percentage decrease in mtDNA copy number that we observed with ageing in human islets, and to explore whether this affected mitochondrial function and insulin secretion. Methods: Two independent models of mtDNA depletion were created. The first model knocked down TFAM gene expression using siRNA technology. The second model subjected cells to didanosine, a nucleoside analogue of adenosine with a high affinity to POLG, a mtDNA polymerase. Results: Both models produced comparable levels of mtDNA depletion. Upon investigating the effects of partial mtDNA depletion on mitochondrial function, we found that both mtDNA depletion models displayed reduced mtDNA gene transcription and translation. However, neither model of mtDNA depletion affected ATP content or mitochondrial membrane potential. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was decreased following mtDNA depletion in the TFAM knock down cells which was rescued following treatment with the insulin secretagogue glibenclamide. Conversely, didanosine-induced mtDNA depleted cells showed increased insulin secretion. Conclusions: Both models generated a similar degree of mtDNA depletion, which was comparable to the percentage decrease seen in human islets with ageing. Both models were seen to impair mitochondrial function, but with opposing effects on insulin secretion. The TFAM model findings are in line with previous studies of severe mtDNA depletion, suggesting that the increase in insulin secretion seen with didanosine is due to drug off target effects. Strategies to slow islet mtDNA depletion in man could help to preserve insulin secretion and delay the development of Type 2 diabetes.
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Lomartire, Laura <1982>. "Down Syndrome: Neuropsychological phenotype and mitochondrial DNA." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4552/1/Lomartire_Laura_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Down Syndrome (DS) is the most known autosomal trisomy, due to the presence in three copies of chromosome 21. Many studies were designed to identify phenotypic and clinical consequences related to the triple gene dosage. However, the general conclusion is a senescent phenotype; in particular, the most features of physiological aging, such as skin and hair changes, vision and hearing impairments, thyroid dysfunction, Alzheimer-like dementia, congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal malformations, immune system changes, appear in DS earlier than in normal age-matched subjects. The only established risk factor for the DS is advanced maternal age, responsible for changes in the meiosis of oocytes, in particular the meiotic nondisjunction of chromosome 21. In this process mitochondria play an important role since mitochondrial dysfunction, due to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic influences, can profoundly influence the level of ATP generation in oocytes, required for a correct chromosomal segregation. Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate an integrated set of molecular genetic parameters (sequencing of complete mtDNA, heteroplasmy of the mtDNA control region, genotypes of APOE gene) in order to identify a possible association with the early neurocognitive decline observed in DS. Results. MtDNA point mutations do not accumulate with age in our study sample and do not correlate with early neurocognitive decline of DS subjects. It seems that D-loop heteroplasmy is largely not inherited and tends to accumulate somatically. Furthermore, in our study sample no association of cognitive impairment and ApoE genotype is found. Conclusions. Overall, our data cast some doubts on the involvement of these mutations in the decline of cognitive functions observed in DS.
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Lomartire, Laura <1982>. "Down Syndrome: Neuropsychological phenotype and mitochondrial DNA." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4552/.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Down Syndrome (DS) is the most known autosomal trisomy, due to the presence in three copies of chromosome 21. Many studies were designed to identify phenotypic and clinical consequences related to the triple gene dosage. However, the general conclusion is a senescent phenotype; in particular, the most features of physiological aging, such as skin and hair changes, vision and hearing impairments, thyroid dysfunction, Alzheimer-like dementia, congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal malformations, immune system changes, appear in DS earlier than in normal age-matched subjects. The only established risk factor for the DS is advanced maternal age, responsible for changes in the meiosis of oocytes, in particular the meiotic nondisjunction of chromosome 21. In this process mitochondria play an important role since mitochondrial dysfunction, due to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic influences, can profoundly influence the level of ATP generation in oocytes, required for a correct chromosomal segregation. Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate an integrated set of molecular genetic parameters (sequencing of complete mtDNA, heteroplasmy of the mtDNA control region, genotypes of APOE gene) in order to identify a possible association with the early neurocognitive decline observed in DS. Results. MtDNA point mutations do not accumulate with age in our study sample and do not correlate with early neurocognitive decline of DS subjects. It seems that D-loop heteroplasmy is largely not inherited and tends to accumulate somatically. Furthermore, in our study sample no association of cognitive impairment and ApoE genotype is found. Conclusions. Overall, our data cast some doubts on the involvement of these mutations in the decline of cognitive functions observed in DS.
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van, der Watt George Frederick. "Whole Blood Mitochondrial DNA Depletion in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2705.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) interfere with mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma causing significant toxic effects, including fatal lactic acidosis. Little is known about mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children who face a lifetime exposure to these agents. We performed a cross sectional observation of mtDNA levels in whole blood in a pediatric population to ascertain the relationship between mtDNA, NRTI regimens and parameters of HIV-infection severity. Methods: Whole blood mt:nDNA ratios were determined by real-time PCR in three groups: 27 presumed HIV-negative, 89 HIV-infected, NRTI-treated and 62 HIV-infected treatment-naive children. Multivariate analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with mtDNA depletion. Results: Mean mt:nDNA ratios were lower (P < 0.001) at 77% of control in the HIVinfected antiretroviral treatment (ART) Naïve group and 73% of control in the ART group, but not different between the two HIV-infected groups. Mt:nDNA ratios were negatively associated with age (P = 0.029), HIV status (P < 0.0001) and Log10 of the HIV-1 viral load (P = 0.035) and positively associated with CD4 % (p = 0.032). A 6 stavudine vs zidovudine based regimen was associated with lower but not significant levels of mtDNA (P = 0.1). Conclusions: Depletion of whole blood mtDNA in children is associated independently with HIV-infection and markers of HIV infection severity, and does not improve with either stavudine or zidovudine based ART despite virological control, suggesting that these agents also deplete mtDNA.
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Rusanen, H. (Harri). "Pathophysiological and clinical consequences of the mitochondrial DNA 3243A→G mutation." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514255380.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
This study describes clinical and biochemical consequences
of the 3243A→G mutation in the tRNALeu(UUR)
gene
of the mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic
acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS syndrome) is usually caused
by this mutation.
Demyelinating polyneuropathy was observed as a novel feature
in a patient with the mutation. Based on electrodiagnostic examination
the polyneuropathy was defined as being of the demyelinating, mixed
(motor more than sensory) type. In a 1 year follow-up an approximately
7% reduction in both the motor and sensory nerve conduction
velocities were observed.
The effect and mechanism of action of nicotinamide treatment
in a MELAS patient with the 3243A→G was studied. The blood
NAD concentration increased linearly, being 24-fold elevated at 6
weeks of treatment. Blood lactate and pyruvate concentration decreased
by 50% within three days and 24 h urine lactate content
within 2 weeks. A clinical improvement together with a decrease
in the lesion volume in magnetic resonance imaging within the first
month were observed. Alleviation of the lactate accumulation during
the nicotinamide treatment suggested that an increase in the cellular NAD+NADH
concentration led to enhancement of the oxidation of reducing equivalents,
suggesting that complex I of respiratory chain operates at non-saturating
substrate concentration.
Myoblasts cultured from patients carrying the 3243A→G
mutation and from controls were used to measure ATP, ADP, catalase
and superoxide dismutase activity, population growth, apoptotic
cell death and the morphology of cytoskeletal components. ATP and
ADP concentrations were decreased, suggesting a decrease in the
adenylate pool. The superoxide dismutase and catalase activities
were higher than in control cells, suggesting an increased production
of reactive oxygen species due to respiratory chain dysfunction.
No increase in apoptotic cell death was observed in proliferating myoblasts,
but randomization of vimentin filament direction and length was
observed and decreased population growth was associated with the
mutation.
The results show that the 3243A→G mutation leads
to numerous secondary pathophysiological events. Based on the literature
and the results of this study, similarities were found between the pathophysiology
of 3243A→G mutation and other neurodegenerative diseases
and aging.
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Cupp, John D. "Characterization of the Cellular and Organellar Dynamics that Occur with a Partial Depletion of Mitochondrial DNA when Arabidopsis Organellar DNA Polymerase IB is Mutated." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3747.
Full textAbstract:
Plant mitochondrial genomes are large and complex, and the mechanisms for maintaining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remain unclear. Arabidopsis thaliana has two DNA polymerase genes, polIA and polIB, that have been shown to be dual localized to mitochondria and chloroplasts but are unequally expressed within primary plant tissues involved in cell division or cell expansion. PolIB expression is observed at higher levels in both shoot and root apexes, suggesting a possible role in organelle DNA replication in rapidly dividing or expanding cells. It is proposed that both polIA and polIB are required for mtDNA replication under wild type conditions. An Arabidopsis T-DNA polIB mutant has a 30% reduction in mtDNA levels but also a 70% induction in polIA gene expression. The polIB mutant shows an increase relative to wild type plants in the number of mitochondria that are significantly smaller in relative size, observed within hypocotyl epidermis cells that have a reduced rate of cell expansion. These mutants exhibit a significant increase in gene expression for components of mitorespiration and photosynthesis, and there is evidence for an increase in both light to dark (transitional) and light respiration levels. There is not a significant difference in dark adjusted total respiration between mutant and wild type plants. Chloroplast numbers are not significantly different in isolated mesophyll protoplasts, but mesophyll cells from the mutant are significantly smaller than wild type. PolIB mutants exhibit a three-day delay in chloroplast development but after 7dpi (days post-imbibition) there is no difference in relative plastid DNA levels between the mutant and wild type. Overall, the polIB mutant exhibits an adjustment in cell homeostasis, which enables the maintenance of functional mitochondria but at the cost of normal cell expansion rates.
Books on the topic "Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome"
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Hall, Andrew, and Shamima Rahman. Mitochondrial diseases and the kidney. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0340.
Full textAbstract:
Mitochondrial disease can affect any organ in the body including the kidney. As increasing numbers of patients with mitochondrial disease are either surviving beyond childhood or being diagnosed in adulthood, it is important for all nephrologists to have some understanding of the common renal complications that can occur in these individuals. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA, respectively); therefore, disease causing mutations may be inherited maternally (mtDNA) or autosomally (nDNA), or can arise spontaneously. The commonest renal phenotype in mitochondrial disease is proximal tubulopathy (Fanconi syndrome in the severest cases); however, as all regions of the nephron can be affected, from the glomerulus to the collecting duct, patients may also present with proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, nephrotic syndrome, water and electrolyte disorders, and renal tubular acidosis. Understanding of the relationship between underlying genotype and clinical phenotype remains incomplete in mitochondrial disease. Proximal tubulopathy typically occurs in children with severe multisystem disease due to mtDNA deletion or mutations in nDNA affecting mitochondrial function. In contrast, glomerular disease (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) has been reported more commonly in adults, mainly in association with the m.3243A<G point mutation. Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency has been particularly associated with podocyte dysfunction and nephrotic syndrome in children. Underlying mitochondrial disease should be considered as a potential cause of unexplained renal dysfunction; clinical clues include lack of response to conventional therapy, abnormal mitochondrial morphology on kidney biopsy, involvement of other organs (e.g. diabetes, cardiomyopathy, and deafness) and a maternal family history, although none of these features are specific. The diagnostic approach involves acquiring tissue (typically skeletal muscle) for histological analysis, mtDNA screening and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex function tests. A number of nDNA mutations causing mitochondrial disease have now been identified and can also be screened for if clinically indicated. Management of mitochondrial disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, and treatment is largely supportive as there are currently very few evidence-based interventions. Electrolyte deficiencies should be corrected in patients with urinary wasting due to tubulopathy, and CoQ10 supplementation may be of benefit in individuals with CoQ10 deficiency. Nephrotic syndrome in mitochondrial disease is not typically responsive to steroid therapy. Transplantation has been performed in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, immunosuppressive agents such as steroids and tacrolimus should be used with care given the high incidence of diabetes in mitochondrial disease.
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Zilliox, Lindsay, and James W. Russell. Diabetic and Prediabetic Neuropathy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0115.
Full textAbstract:
Impaired glucose regulation (IGR) constitutes a spectrum of impaired glucose and metabolic regulation that can result in neuropathy. Several different pathways of injury in the diabetic peripheral nervous system that include metabolic dysregulation induced by metabolic syndrome induce oxidative stress, failure of nitric oxide regulation, and dysfunction of certain key signaling pathways. Oxidative stress can directly injure both dorsal route ganglion neurons and axons. Modulation of the nitric oxide system may have detrimental effects on endothelial function and neuronal survival. Reactive oxidative species can alter mitochondrial function, protein and DNA structure, interfere with signaling pathways, and deplete antioxidant defenses. Advanced glycelation end (AGE) products and formation of ROS are activated by and in turn regulate key signal transduction pathways.
Book chapters on the topic "Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome"
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El-Hattab, Ayman W. "MPV17-Associated Hepatocerebral Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome." In Mitochondrial Disorders Caused by Nuclear Genes, 103–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3722-2_6.
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Fernández-Moreno, Miguel A., Luis Vázquez-Fonseca, Sara Palacios Zambrano, and Rafael Garesse. "Mitochondrial DNA: Defects, Maintenance Genes and Depletion." In Mitochondrial Diseases, 69–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70147-5_3.
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Liu, Chun-Yi, Cheng-Feng Lee, Chiung-Hui Hong, and Yau-Huei Wei. "Mitochondrial DNA Mutation and Depletion Increase the Susceptibility of Human Cells to Apoptosis." In Mitochondrial Pathogenesis, 133–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-41088-2_14.
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Scaglia, Fernando. "Mitochondrial DNA Depletion due to Mutations in the TK2 Gene." In Mitochondrial Disorders Caused by Nuclear Genes, 113–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3722-2_7.
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Hofmann, Sabine, Reimar Bezold, Michaela Jaksch, Petra Kaufhold, Bert Obermaier-Kusser, and Klaus-Dieter Gerbitz. "Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA from patients with Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome." In Detection of Mitochondrial Diseases, 209–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6111-8_32.
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Antoun, Ghadi, Skye McBride, Jason R. Vanstone, Turaya Naas, Jean Michaud, Stephanie Redpath, Hugh J. McMillan, et al. "Detailed Biochemical and Bioenergetic Characterization of FBXL4-Related Encephalomyopathic Mitochondrial DNA Depletion." In JIMD Reports, 1–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2015_491.
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Komulainen, Tuomas, Milla-Riikka Hautakangas, Reetta Hinttala, Salla Pakanen, Vesa Vähäsarja, Petri Lehenkari, Päivi Olsen, et al. "Mitochondrial DNA Depletion and Deletions in Paediatric Patients with Neuromuscular Diseases: Novel Phenotypes." In JIMD Reports, 91–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2015_438.
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Zsurka, Gábor, Genevieve Trombly, Susanne Schöler, Daniel Blei, and Wolfram S. Kunz. "Functional Assessment of Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance by Depletion and Repopulation Using 2’,3’-Dideoxycytidine in Cultured Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 229–40. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2922-2_17.
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"Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndromes." In Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging, 3243. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_301540.
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Goldstein, Amy. "MPV17-Related Hepatocerebral Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Depletion Syndrome." In Mitochondrial Case Studies, 179–85. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800877-5.00020-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome"
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Faust, H. E., J. P. Reilly, B. J. Anderson, N. S. Mangalmurti, P. Zhang, T. G. Dunn, B. A. Weaver, et al. "Plasma Mitochondrial DNA Is Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Sepsis." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a2715.
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Ramadža, Danijela Petković, Tamara Žigman, Ruža Grizelj, Dorotea Ninković, Lana Omerza, Mirna Natalija Aničić, Marijana Ćorić, et al. "107 Early onset liver failure due to mitochondrial DNA depletion: clinical course of four patients." In 10th Europaediatrics Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, 7–9 October 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-europaediatrics.107.
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Hernández Beeftink, T., B. Guillen-Guio, H. Rodriguez-Perez, J. M. Lorenzo-Salazar, A. Corrales, E. Espinosa, A. Muriel, et al. "Mitochondrial DNA in Peripheral Blood Is a Prognostic Biomarker in Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a2712.
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Boros, László G., Emmanuelle J. Meuillet, Ildikó Somlyai, Gábor Jancsó, György Jákli, Krisztina Krempels, László G. Puskás, et al. "Abstract 1426: Fumarate hydratase and deuterium depletion control oncogenesis via NADPH-dependent reductive synthesis: mitochondrial matrix water, DNA deuteration and epigenetic events." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1426.
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Апарцин, Константин, and Konstantin Apartsin. "The results of fundamental and translational research carried out In the Department of Biomedical Research and Technology of the SBRAS INC in 2012-2016." In Topical issues of translational medicine: a collection of articles dedicated to the 5th anniversary of the day The creation of a department for biomedical research and technology of the Irkutsk Scientific Center Siberian Branch of RAS. Москва: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_58be81eca22ad.
Full textAbstract:
The results of basic and translational research of the Department of Biomedical Research and Technology of Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2012–2016 The paper presents the results of interdisciplinary research carried out in 2012–2016. The review includes the study of molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of reparative regeneration, experimental substantiation of methods of diagnosis and prognosis of systemic disturbances of regeneration process, carrying out clinical trials of medicinal products and the formation of observational studies in the field of personalized medicine, the preparation of practical recommendations on the testing of previously developed surgical methods of prevention or correction of postoperative recovery disorders. New data are obtained on the role of the MAP-kinase cascade in the process of regeneration of muscle tissue. It has been established, that with a significant increase of VEGF concentration at the site of the repair of ischemic myocardium, progenitor cells with the CD34+CD45+ phenotype appear, which opens up prospects for the development of biotechnology to restore the damaged myocardium with its own pool of progenitor cells. The new data on the role of growth factors in the post-infarction remodeling are found. It has been revealed, that in local increase of selenium concentration low intensity of mineralization of forming callus in the area of the damage is observed and the formation of bone regeneration slows down. Prospects for the use of nanocomposites of elemental selenium for modulation of reparative response are marked. The dynamics of the level of free circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of blood in the early stages of experimental dyslipidemia has been studied. Atherogenic blood factors do not have a significant effect on the release of the mtDNA from dyslipidemia target cells. On the model of acute small-focal myocardial ischemia, we revealed the increase in the mtDNA levels. Prospects of broadcast of diagnostic mtDNA monitoring technology in myocardial ischemia have been marked. The mtDNA monitoring was first tested as a molecular risk pattern in acute coronary syndrome. In survived patients, the concentration of freely circulating mtDNA in blood plasma was 164 times lower. The probability of death of the patient with a high level of mtDNA (over 4000 copies/mL) was 50 % (logit analysis). Methodological level of translational research in the ISC SB RAS has increased due to effective participation in international multi-center clinical trials of drugs, mainly direct anticoagulants: fondaparinux, edoksabana, betriksabana. “Feedback broadcast” of the results of clinical trials of p38-kinase inhibitor, was carried out in the process of changing the model (initially – neuropathic pain) for coronary atherosclerosis. Technologies of pharmacogenetic testing and personalized treatment of diseases in the employees of the Irkutsk Scientific Center were applied. Step T2. Previously developed at the Irkutsk State Medical University and the Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatologies approaches to surgical prevention and medicinal correction of postoperative hyposplenism were translated into practical health care. Thus, these results obtained in different areas of translational medicine will determine scientific topics of the department in future research cycle.