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Journal articles on the topic 'Mitigation action'
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1
Huboyo, Haryono, Hari Wibowo, and Winda Retna Sari. "Green House Gases (GHG’s) Emission Reduction Measures and Verification Challenge at Transport Sector." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901027.
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The Ministry of Transportation Republic of Indonesia adopted several co-benefits activities related to climate change mitigation action through 2010-2014. In order to claim these activities results as climate change mitigation action, Ministry of Environment and Forestry need to verify them. The verification covers data accuracy, consistency, transparency and completeness of data quality and information. The author also verify the other parameters such as the calculation method, managerial system, monitoring system and funding support. In this program, several mitigation actions were implemented such as Area Traffic Control System (ATCS), traffic impact control, parking management, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, smart driving, non-motorized transport, shifting from private vehicles to rail transport, rejuvenating of navigation facilities, aircraft fleet rejuvenation, renewal of the operation and maintenance system of airplane and improvement of flight navigation system during take-off and landing. The absolute difference results between claim and verification for all climate change mitigation actions based on Government Regulation (PP) No. 61/2011 were 13.44% - 43.5%. While for mitigation action beyond PP 61/2011, the absolute difference were 0% - 67.31%. There are no mitigation action satisfying all verification criteria. Based on these verification activities, The Ministry of Transportation should refine the method of mitigation action.
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Setiawan, Danang. "A RISK ANALYSIS IN ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION: AN ERP IMPLEMENTOR’S PERSPECTIVE." Industry Xplore 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/teknikindustri.v7i2.2852.
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During the ERP system design process, various risks have the potential to disrupt and hinder the ERP implementation project. This paper presents the stages of risk analysis using the HoR (House of Risk) approach. The author uses the project manager as an expert in the field of ERP system implementation. The risk analysis has prioritized three risk causes with three proposed mitigation actions. The three proposed risk mitigation for the implementor perspective are (1) learning independently as a mitigation action against a lack of understanding of concepts and practices, (2) conducting briefings to the implementor team as a mitigation action against not being sure to return to the client, and (3) reorganizing documentation as a mitigation action against unclear documentation.
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González-Hernández, Dulce Liliana, Erik W. Meijles, and Frank Vanclay. "Factors that Influence Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Action: A Household Study in the Nuevo Leon Region, Mexico." Climate 7, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7060074.
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Household-level mitigation and adaptation actions are important because households make a significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and are severely affected by climate change. However, there is still very little understanding of the factors that influence household-level mitigation and adaptation action. From a review of literature, we identified the factors that potentially influence climate mitigation and adaptation actions of households, which we then tested using survey data from 622 households in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Nuevo Leon is a major emitter of greenhouse gasses and is a state where climate-related disasters are recurrent and expected to increase in frequency and severity. Results from ordinal regression analyses showed that perceived knowledge and financial self-efficacy greatly influenced the extent of household-level action taken. To a lesser extent, the age and educational level of the respondent also affected action. Respondents pointed out the need to know about different aspects of climate change. An implication of our study is the value of recognizing the importance of perceptions, as mitigation and adaptation actions are shaped by perceptions of climate change alongside socio-demographic characteristics. This may have significant implications for policies and campaigns promoting household-level action to increase resilience to climate change.
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Stock, Alexia, Rachel A. Davidson, Joseph E. Trainor, Rachel Slotter, Linda K. Nozick, and Jamie B. Kruse. "What Makes Homeowners Consider Protective Actions to Reduce Disaster Risk? An Application of the Precaution Adoption Process Model and Life Course Theory." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 12, no. 3 (May 12, 2021): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00350-w.
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AbstractWe hypothesize that for disaster risk mitigation, many households, despite being aware of their risk and possible mitigation actions, never seriously consider doing anything about them. In mitigation-focused decisions, since there is no equivalent to warning messages, the decision process is likely to evolve over an extended time. We explore what activates hurricane mitigation protective action decisions through three research questions: (1) to what extent are homeowners unengaged in protective action decision making? (2) What homeowner characteristics are associated with lack of engagement? And (3) to what extent do different life events trigger engagement in the decision-making process? We use the Precaution Adoption Process Model to conceptualize engagement as distinct from decision making; the broader protective action decision-making literature to explore drivers of engagement; and Life Course Theory to examine potential transitions from unengaged to engaged. We use survey data of homeowners in North Carolina to examine these questions empirically. Findings suggest that one-third of respondents had never engaged in protective action decisions, that life experiences differ in their occurrence frequency and effect on households’ mitigation decisions, and that some events, such as renovating, reroofing, or purchasing a home may offer critical moments that could be leveraged to encourage greater engagement in mitigation decision making.
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Olonilua, PhD, Oluponmile O., and Olurominiyi Ibitayo, PhD. "Toward multihazard mitigation: An evaluation of FEMA-approved hazard mitigation plans under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000." Journal of Emergency Management 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2011.0045.
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This article evaluates the extent to which the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-approved plans submitted by local and tribal governments in response to the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K) comply with the requirements of the Act.The DMA2K requires state, local, and tribal governments to develop a FEMA-approved hazard mitigation plan to remain eligible for predisaster funding. The specific requirements investigated in this study are collaboration with several identified stakeholders in the planning process and in the mitigation action section of the plans, incorporation of public information and awareness in the mitigation action section, and public participation both in the process of developing the plans and in the mitigation action section of the plans. Other requirements include the incorporation of evacuation and sheltering as elements of multihazard plan, terrorism, technological hazard, and “special needs” population. A total of 202 FEMA-approved hazard mitigation action plans were selected using both stratified and purposive sampling, and the result of the evaluation shows that the extent of compliance by cities and counties in the sampled multijurisdictions with the requirements of DMA2K and FEMA is generally low. For example, more than 70 percent of cities in four of the sampled multijurisdictions did not include evacuation or sheltering in their hazard mitigation action plans.With the exception of provision for special needs population, t-test analyses of all requirements show no significant difference between plans produced by counties and cities. This study provides a policy learning opportunity for policy makers, emergency management officials, and many other stakeholders to make necessary adjustments to the hazard mitigation plans while reviewing and updating approved plans. This is especially true as DMA2K requires that plans must be updated and reviewed after 5 years.
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Price, Louis J., Bonita McFarlane, and Van Lantz. "Wildfire risk mitigation and recreational property owners in Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park-Alberta." Forestry Chronicle 92, no. 01 (January 2016): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2016-019.
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Recreational property (cottage) owners represent a growing segment of population living at the wildland–urban interface. Land managers may find it particularly difficult to engage these landowners in wildfire management initiatives. This paper examines support for wildfire management, perceived wildfire risk and wildfire mitigation actions among cottage owners in Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park-Alberta. Data were collected from 165 cottage owners using a mail survey. Results showed that these owners had a high level of support for fuel reductions on the landscape and a high level of interest in participating in a cooperative wildfire mitigation program; they had taken action to reduce their risk. However, they seemed reluctant to do substantial tree pruning, or to install fire-resistant siding or screen eaves, decks and vents. Results found that perceived risk was not correlated with mitigation action. Awareness, perceived effectiveness of firefighters, days spent at the cottage and value of the cottage were correlated positively with mitigation action, whereas perceived efficacy, aesthetic effects and cost of mitigation were correlated negatively. These findings suggest that mitigation programs for cottage owners may be effective by providing public education on the efficacy of mitigation, lessening the effects of impediments such as cost, and alleviating concerns about aesthetics.
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Bogard, William C. "Bringing Social Theory to Hazards Research." Sociological Perspectives 31, no. 2 (April 1988): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389080.
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This article relates some examples of current research on the mitigation of environmental hazards to recent sociological work in the theory of action. My intentions are to isolate common themes in an otherwise heterogeneous literature, to encourage debate on mitigation issues, and to enhance the legitimacy of this research program by bringing it to the center of contemporary theoretical concerns in the discipline. Much of the current debate in the field of mitigation still harbors implicit ties to sociological functionalism. These ties are made explicit and critiqued. It is argued that functional conceptions of mitigation present an unbalanced picture of mitigation as a reaction to potential extremes in the environment to the neglect of mitigation's active role in altering hazard potentials.
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Horton, Daniel E. "Assessing co-benefits incentivizes climate-mitigation action." One Earth 4, no. 8 (August 2021): 1069–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.08.003.
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Ruol, Piero, Luca Martinelli, and Chiara Favaretto. "Vulnerability Analysis of the Venetian Littoral and Adopted Mitigation Strategy." Water 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10080984.
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This paper discusses the key aspects of the recent Coastal Plan of the Veneto Region (IT). Its aim is to propose a single mitigation strategy for coastal erosion that is valid for the whole Veneto Region, and possibly elsewhere, as well as a method to assign a priority level to any action. The suggested mitigation action against erosion depends on urbanization level, beach width, as well as cross-shore and long-shore sediment transport. The criterion used to give a priority level to mitigation actions is based on a vulnerability index that takes into account erosive tendency, existing coastal flooding hazards, coast value, environmental relevance, tourist pressure, urbanization level, the presence of production activities, and cultural heritage. A sample case featuring the littoral of Rosolina is also provided and includes a site description, the sediment budget, critical issues and possible mitigation measures.
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Fahri, Ihsan, Ahmad Kurnain, Rizqi Putri Mahyudin, and Yudi Ferrianta. "Analisis Reduksi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Dari Pengelolaan Sampah Padat Di Kecamatan Marabahan Kabupaten Barito Kuala Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan." EnviroScienteae 15, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v15i1.6321.
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This study analyzes the level and status of greenhouse gas emissions or removals from solid waste management activities in Marabahan Subdistrict, Formulates an action plan for solid waste management that is low in Greenhouse Gas emissions in Marabahan Subdistrict and Projects the level and status of emissions or Greenhouse Gas absorption from waste management solid in Marabahan District until 2030, according to the 2006 IPCC BAU scenario and mitigation actions. The waste sector greenhouse gas emissions inventory results in 2016 reached 5.16 Gg CO2-eq. However, due to improvements in domestic waste management, the 2016 greenhouse gas emissions rate was reduced by 11.1% compared to the BAU scenario. In 2016, waste sector greenhouse gas emissions in the BAU scenario are projected to reach 10.61 Gg CO2-eq, and will continue to grow until 2020 to 11.14 Gg CO2-eq, and in 2030 to 12.64 Gg CO2-eq. In Action Mitigation I waste management is carried out in the community by implementing methane recovery in the waste banks and TPS 3R. In Action Mitigation II, waste management is carried out at the Final Processing Site (TPA) carried out by the local government to handle it. When compared to the BAU scenario, the design of mitigation actions I and II in the context of reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulted in a decrease of 35.2%, 59.5% and 98.3% in 2013, 2020 and 2030.
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De Jongh, Derick, and Carmen Möllmann. "Market barriers for voluntary climate change mitigation in the South African private sector." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 17, no. 5 (November 28, 2014): 639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v17i5.532.
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A key challenge in the twenty-first century is to enable economic growth and increase both environmentalquality and social inclusiveness, while mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate change. The need for a transition to more sustainable consumption and production patterns is undeniable and sustainable economic growth must be placed at the heart of future development for all citizens. The South African private sector is under enormous pressure to remain globally competitive while balancing the interests of society, the environment and its shareholders. It has been suggested that there are discrepancies between what companies say and what they actually do, as they are challenged to move from policy to action. This paper evaluates the extent to which the private sector in South Africa adheres to voluntary climate change mitigation mechanisms and identifies potential market barriers impeding the large-scale uptake of such mechanisms. The research findings suggest that the private sector in South Africa has adopted a “take position, wait and see approach” which places them in a position to take advantage of and influence the opportunities and risks associated with climate change without having a negative impact on the bottom line. The primary barrier to voluntary climate change action is the vagueness of local and international policy frameworks. The different rules and resultant uncertainty around local and international frameworks appear to impede consistent and meaningful action. Although this uncertainty does not prevent the private sector from taking voluntary action, it does appear to negatively affect the overall scale and type of climate change mitigation efforts. While companies are continually improving the quality of sustainability reporting and public disclosure, the challenge still lies in translating these strategies into daily operations and sustainable practice that goes beyond ad hoc mitigation actions.
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Orska, Rita. "CYBER-MOBBING IN SCHOOL: MITIGATION OPTIONS." Education Reform: Education Content Research and Implementation Problems 2 (December 31, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/er2019.2.4370.
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Relationship building is always a complicated process. Pupils develop this skill by trial and error, experiencing conflicts, the escalation of which is rapid and high. By reaching the stage when the other conflict party becomes an enemy, inadequate actions take place. One of such actions is mobbing, while using the latest information technologies it becomes cyber-mobbing. Cyber-mobbing is hidden mobbing. Its aim is to cause the most harm to the victim without being caught and/or punished for such an action. Informative efforts on cyber-mobbing, its harm, detection possibilities, both in schools and in the society in general (mass media) are being made, yet it is only one of the preventive work forms. In order for preventive work on mitigation of cyber-mobbing to become more efficient, more diverse preventive work forms and methods shall be used. Currently, animation and mediation methods are applied in worldwide pedagogical practice. The use of such methods shows significant positive results in mitigation of cyber-mobbing.
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Degu, Temesgen Abebe. "What Obligations do Developed Countries Have to Assist Developing Countries in Adapting to and Mitigating Global Warming?" Open Journal for Legal Studies 5, no. 1 (September 10, 2022): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojls.0501.03019d.
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Global warming is serious and irreversible threat that requires urgent action including adaptation and mitigation. Many developing countries, nevertheless, have less adaption and mitigation capacities but suffer first and worst from global warming, to which they contributed the least. Developing countries should take action only if developed countries provide them with adaptation and mitigation assistance. This article examines what obligations developed countries have in this regard, and why. Accordingly, Sec-II deals with the need for adaption and mitigation. Sec-III dwells on how to tackle global warming. Sec-IV explores the obligation of developed courtiers to provide adaptation and mitigation assistance. The last section concludes the essay.
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Algera, Dirk A., Kate L. Neigel, Kerri Kosziwka, Alice E. I. Abrams, Daniel M. Glassman, Joseph R. Bennett, Steven J. Cooke, and Nicolas W. R. Lapointe. "Assessing a proponent-driven process for endangered species threat mitigation: Ontario’s Endangered Species Act, American Eel, and hydropower." FACETS 7 (January 1, 2022): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0058.
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American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) were used as a case study to assess whether Ontario’s Endangered Species Act proponent-driven regulatory approach resulted in successful imperilled species management outcomes. American Eel observation databases and proponent-prepared mitigation plans and monitoring data were used to assess whether: ( i) facilities within the distribution range were registered, ( ii) effects monitoring protocols were adequate to evaluate adverse effects of facilities, ( iii) proponents implemented mitigation actions that followed best management practices (BMPs), and ( iv) effectiveness monitoring designs were adequate to evaluate effectiveness of mitigation actions. Less than half of the facilities (8 of 17) within the extant species range were registered. Few eels were observed at each facility, precluding proponents from effectively evaluating the facilities’ effects. Mitigation actions following BMPs were only implemented for eel out-migration at three facilities. Half of the registered facilities implemented effectiveness monitoring, but experimental designs did not follow best practices and standards. To improve this proponent-driven approach, regulators could reduce ambiguity in regulation language and provide clearer, quantitative requirements for facility registration, effects monitoring, mitigation actions, and effectiveness monitoring. Proponents could improve monitoring efforts to establish species occurrence and generate baseline data to measure facility effects and mitigation action effectiveness.
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Khayyam, Umer, Rida Bano, and Shahzad Alvi. "Towards Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation." Comparative Sociology 20, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10028.
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Abstract Global climate change is one of the main threats facing humanity and the impacts on natural systems as well as humans are expected to be severe. People can take action against these threats through two approaches: mitigation and adaptation. However, mitigations and adaptations are contingent on the level of motivation and awareness, as well as socio-economic and environmental conditions. This study examined personal perception and motivation to mitigate and adapt to climate change among the university students in the capital city of Pakistan. We divided the respondents into social sciences, applied sciences and natural sciences, using logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that students who perceive severity, benefits from preparation, and have more information about climate change were 1.57, 4.98 and 1.63 times more likely to take mitigation and 1.47, 1.14 and 1.17 times more likely to take adaptation measures, respectively. Students who perceived self-efficacy, obstacles to protect from the negative consequences of climate change and who belonged to affluent families were more likely to take mitigation measures and less likely to take adaptation strategies. However, mitigation and adaptation were unaffected by age, gender and study discipline.
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Vanderheiden, Steve. "Coaxing Climate Policy Leadership." Ethics & International Affairs 26, no. 4 (2012): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679412000627.
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The United States and China have recently been called upon to exercise more leadership in developing an effective international policy response to climate change, but without giving attention to either the risks inherent in taking on such a role or the mechanism by which leading can mobilize others to act in response. Here, I understand leadership as action by a sufficiently powerful actor in a cooperative scheme that is capable of triggering reciprocal actions by followers on behalf of that scheme, and argue that such leadership can be coaxed by potential followers through pledges of reciprocal action that are made conditional upon prior action undertaken by a leader. In the context of the current international impasse over post-Kyoto climate change mitigation commitments, I identify means by which leadership by the U.S. or China might be induced by such conditional pledges, potentially allowing some obstacles to international collective action on climate change mitigation to be overcome.
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Anaf, Willemien, Diana Leyva Pernia, and Olivier Schalm. "Standardized Indoor Air Quality Assessments as a Tool to Prepare Heritage Guardians for Changing Preservation Conditions due to Climate Change." Geosciences 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080276.
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Climate change will affect the preservation conditions of our cultural heritage. Therefore, well-considered mitigation actions should be implemented to safeguard our heritage for future generations. Environmental monitoring is essential to follow up the change in preservation conditions and to evaluate the effectiveness of performed mitigation actions. To support heritage guardians in the processing and evaluation of monitored data, an indoor air quality (IAQ) index for heritage applications is introduced. The index is calculated for each measured point in time and is visualized in a user-friendly and intuitive way. The current paper describes the backbone of the IAQ-calculating algorithm. The algorithm is subsequently applied on a case study in which a mitigation action is implemented in a church.
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Aldy, Joseph E., Alan J. Krupnick, Richard G. Newell, Ian W. H. Parry, and William A. Pizer. "Designing Climate Mitigation Policy." Journal of Economic Literature 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 903–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.4.903.
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This paper provides (for the nonspecialist) a highly streamlined discussion of the main issues, and controversies, in the design of climate mitigation policy. The first part of the paper discusses how much action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the global level is efficient under both the cost-effectiveness and welfare-maximizing paradigms. We then discuss various issues in the implementation of domestic emissions control policy, instrument choice, and incentives for technological innovation. Finally, we discuss alternative policy architectures at the international level. (JEL Q54, Q58)
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Costello, Anthony, Mark Maslin, Hugh Montgomery, Anne M. Johnson, and Paul Ekins. "Global health and climate change: moving from denial and catastrophic fatalism to positive action." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1942 (May 13, 2011): 1866–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0007.
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The health effects of climate change have had relatively little attention from climate scientists and governments. Climate change will be a major threat to population health in the current century through its potential effects on communicable disease, heat stress, food and water security, extreme weather events, vulnerable shelter and population migration. This paper addresses three health-sector strategies to manage the health effects of climate change—promotion of mitigation, tackling the pathways that lead to ill-health and strengthening health systems. Mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is affordable, and low-carbon technologies are available now or will be in the near future. Pathways to ill-health can be managed through better information, poverty reduction, technological innovation, social and cultural change and greater coordination of national and international institutions. Strengthening health systems requires increased investment in order to provide effective public health responses to climate-induced threats to health, equitable treatment of illness, promotion of low-carbon lifestyles and renewable energy solutions within health facilities. Mitigation and adaptation strategies will produce substantial benefits for health, such as reductions in obesity and heart disease, diabetes, stress and depression, pneumonia and asthma, as well as potential cost savings within the health sector. The case for mitigating climate change by reducing GHGs is overwhelming. The need to build population resilience to the global health threat from already unavoidable climate change is real and urgent. Action must not be delayed by contrarians, nor by catastrophic fatalists who say it is all too late.
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Ho, Liang-Chu, Yu-Hsien Sung, Chia-Chun Wu, Pei-Shan Lee, and Wen-Bin Chiou. "Envisaging Mitigation Action Can Induce Lower Discounting toward Future Environmental Gains and Promote Pro-Environmental Behavior." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 9289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219289.
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Low engagement with climate change may stem from the tendency to discount the distant benefits of mitigation action. Hence, a reduced tendency to discount the future should be associated with increased involvement in climate change mitigation. Prior research has demonstrated that episodic future thinking (EFT; i.e., envisioning future events that involve self-projection) can reduce discounting. In two laboratory studies, we showed that engaging in EFT about mitigation action was associated with a lower discounting tendency toward future environmental gains (Experiments 1 and 2) and a greater tendency to act pro-environmentally, as manifested by using air conditioning in an energy-saving manner (Experiment 1), choosing a meal with less environmental impact (Experiment 2), and willingness to participate in beach cleaning (Experiment 2). The present findings suggest that engagement in EFT about mitigation action may represent a promising strategy for improving personal involvement in climate change.
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Somerville, Peter. "A critique of climate change mitigation policy." Policy & Politics 48, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 355–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557319x15661682426163.
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Global institutions and national governments have failed to provide effective policy guidance or leadership on tackling climate change. The extraction and combustion of fossil fuels continues apace, resulting in continual rising of greenhouse gas emissions, which pose a threat to all life on earth. However, the global climate regime continues to underestimate the need for immediate, radical and powerful action. Dominant framings of the problem continue to emphasise behaviour change rather than system change, and fail to challenge the power of fossil-fuel capital. This failure makes it difficult to be optimistic about the future but there may be hope in a new kind of politics based on non-violent direct action and mass civil disobedience. This form of action is directed at delegitimising fossil fuels and stopping their extraction, and acting as a ‘radical flank’ in positively influencing political decision-making towards a democratically agreed just transition.
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Tangcharoensathien, Viroj, Poonam Singh, and Anne Mills. "COVID-19 response and mitigation: a call for action." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 99, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 78–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.20.285322.
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Rao, K. Tejeswara, and P. B. Pradeep Kumar. "Integrated farming systems –Action tool for climate risk mitigation." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 15, no. 3 (August 15, 2020): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.3/265-268.
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Orji, Nkwachukwu. "Preventive action and conflict mitigation in Nigeria’s 2015 elections." Democratization 24, no. 4 (June 8, 2016): 707–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2016.1191067.
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Jørgensen, Sisse Liv, and Mette Termansen. "Linking climate change perceptions to adaptation and mitigation action." Climatic Change 138, no. 1-2 (June 11, 2016): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1718-x.
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Belesova, Kristine, Max Callaghan, Jan C. Minx, Felix Creutzig, Catalina Turcu, Emma Hutchinson, James Milner, et al. "Climate action for health and wellbeing in cities: a protocol for the systematic development of a database of peer-reviewed studies using machine learning methods." Wellcome Open Research 6 (March 5, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16570.1.
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Cities produce more than 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Action by cities is therefore crucial for climate change mitigation as well as for safeguarding the health and wellbeing of their populations under climate change. Many city governments have made ambitious commitments to climate change mitigation and adaptation and implemented a range of actions to address them. However, a systematic record and synthesis of the findings of evaluations of the effect of such actions on human health and wellbeing is currently lacking. This, in turn, impedes the development of robust knowledge on what constitutes high-impact climate actions of benefit to human health and wellbeing, which can inform future action plans, their implementation and scale-up. The development of a systematic record of studies reporting climate and health actions in cities is made challenging by the broad landscape of relevant literature scattered across many disciplines and sectors, which is challenging to effectively consolidate using traditional literature review methods. This protocol reports an innovative approach for the systematic development of a database of studies of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions implemented in cities, and their benefits (or disbenefits) for human health and wellbeing, derived from peer-reviewed academic literature. Our approach draws on extensive tailored search strategies and machine learning methods for article classification and tagging to generate a database for subsequent systematic reviews addressing questions of importance to urban decision-makers on climate actions in cities for human health and wellbeing.
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Schou, Jesper S., and Frank Jensen. "Ragweed in Denmark: Should We Prevent Introduction or Mitigate Damages?" Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 10, no. 3 (2019): 469–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2019.28.
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AbstractIn this article, we conduct a number of benefit–cost analyses to clarify whether the establishment of ragweed in Denmark should be prevented (pure prevention) or if the damage from this invasive species should be mitigated (pure mitigation). The main impact of the establishment of ragweed in Denmark would be a substantial increase in the number of allergy cases, which we use as a measure of the physical damage from this species. As valuation methods, we use both the cost-of-illness and benefit transfer methods to quantify the total gross benefits of these two policy actions. Based on the idea of an invasion function, we identify the total and average net benefits under both prevention and mitigation and find that all are significantly positive regardless of the valuation method. Therefore, both prevention and mitigation are beneficial policy actions, but the total and average net benefits under mitigation are larger than those under prevention in all the scenarios we consider. This finding implies that the former policy action is more beneficial. Despite this result, we propose that prevention, not mitigation, may be the proper policy because of information externalities, altruistic preferences, possible catastrophic events, and ethical considerations.
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Rinderhagen, Michael, and Rebecca Joann Sargisson. "Response Efficacy in Environmental Discounting: Concern and Action towards Climate Change Threats." Sustainability in Environment 7, no. 1 (December 14, 2021): p7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v7n1p7.
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Extending preceding environmental discounting studies, we examined the role of response efficacy (in low, control, and high conditions) in participants’ valuation of climate-change concern and action across four psychological distance dimensions (temporal, spatial, social, and probabilistic). Participants gave ratings of concern and action in the context of two hypothetical scenarios which were directly related to two different threats (droughts and floods) posed by unmitigated climate change. Rachlin’s hyperboloid discount functions fit the data well. The previously observed gap between concern and action ratings was not replicated in the main analyses, but was seen in the ratings at the minimum distance values. Response efficacy differentially affected ratings of concern and action at the minimum distance values for the temporal, social, and probabilistic dimensions, but differentially affected discount values (k) only for the probabilistic dimension. Compared to their level of concern with the environmental threat, participants who were led to believe that their actions were not efficacious were less willing to engage in mitigation behaviors than participants who were led to believe that their actions were efficacious. The insights gained through the current research effort may be valuable for policymaking as well as intervention design aiming to increase societal mitigation and adaptation efforts.
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Dove, Graham, Shiyu Chen, Daniel Fries, Vanessa Johnson, Charlie Mydlarz, Juan Pablo Bello, and Oded Nov. "From Environmental Monitoring to Mitigation Action: Considerations, Challenges, and Opportunities for HCI." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555093.
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Noise pollution is among the most consistently cited and highest impact quality-of-life issues in major urban areas across the US, with more than 70 million people estimated to be exposed to noise levels considered harmful. While HCI and CSCW has a relatively rich history of engagement with monitoring such environmental concerns, e.g. through participatory sensing, prior research has not to our knowledge engaged with the process of municipal mitigation. In this paper we present research in this direction, connecting support for pervasive environmental monitoring with civic engagement in mitigation action. Having first identified and described the research space for this engagement, we present empirical data from an ongoing case study focused on two communities living with chronic problem noise. We probe the experiences of residents and representatives of different municipal organizations tasked with addressing their concerns. We find that making and drawing on records of noise is important to residents and authorities, that these groups have misaligned perceptions of how effective current reporting programs are, and that communication between them can be poor. We also find that noise is often one part of more complex issues. We then discuss our findings in light of prior research, and identify a model of civic sensing that highlights opportunities for HCI design and research including: supporting residents' coordinated actions and actions with municipal open data, mediating residents' and authorities' assessments of data quality, and supporting accountability and attributable mitigation action.
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Untari, Edy H. P. Melmambessy, and David Oscar Simatupang. "Carbon Emissions And Mitigation Actions In Merauke." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187302009.
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Merauke district is one of the areas developing still need clearing land required for the expansion of farming land, Plantations and land clearing to a new settlement.Using forward looking method, Clearing land for the benefit of development produce carbon emissions. Carbon emissions 2014 to 2025 of 40.4 million tons CO2-eq with a total emission clean 20.7 tons CO2-eq. While carbon emissions Merauke in 2030 decreased to 37.3 million tons CO2-eq with a total emission clean of 15.4 million tons CO2-eq. To reduce carbon emissions, Merauke do 6 action plan mitigation in unit agricultural planning wetlands and agriculture dry land, production forest, natural heritage land, an absorbing area, mangrove forests and plantation.The carbon emissions reduction in 2030 namely 15.41 % equivalent to 51.5 million tons CO2-eq decline emissions from 6 mitigation action.
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Buntaine, Mark T., and Lauren Prather. "Preferences for Domestic Action Over International Transfers in Global Climate Policy." Journal of Experimental Political Science 5, no. 2 (2018): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/xps.2017.34.
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AbstractCost-effective and equitable climate change mitigation requires the transfer of resources from developed to developing countries. In two behavioral experiments, we demonstrate that American subjects act according to a strong home preference, by making private donations and writing letters in support of public spending more often for mitigation programs located at home versus those overseas. We attempt to overcome the preference to act at home by randomly informing some subjects that foreign programs are more cost-effective than domestic programs. Home preference is mitigated only in the case of private donations. From a separate experimental treatment, we show that the preference against foreign programs is exacerbated when the co-benefits of mitigation programs are made salient. Importantly, home preference crosses party lines, indicating that it is a deep-seeded, affective preference. These findings highlight significant political obstacles to international cooperation on climate change that relies on transfers.
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Leal-Arcas, Rafael, and Andrew Filis. "International Cooperation on Climate Change Mitigation: The Role of Climate Clubs." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 30, Issue 5 (October 1, 2021): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021020.
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We know the science of climate change; we know the economics of climate change; we also know the law of climate change. However, we do not know how countries may come together to cooperate on climatechange mitigation. One way of doing so successfully is by putting together the climate regime with the international trading system via the creation of climate clubs, namely the coalition of the willing. This article aims to explain that, by building climate clubs and making use of the international trading system, we can reach a better future for all. Through the lens of international trade, this article explores how smaller coalitions (so-called climate clubs) – unilateral, bilateral, plurilateral, rather than multilateral regimes – of states/non-state actors can catalyze or influence action on climate change. The premise of this article is that global action on climate change has not been effectively implemented, as it relies on consensus from too many actors. Thus, it proposes how international trade mechanisms may be re-oriented to address climate change. The article challenges the assumptions about the existing multilateralagreement regime, and argues that reducing dependence on these multilateral mechanisms may influence greater attainment of sustainability goals (more flexible, not reliant on difficult-to-gain consensus among many actors). The article, therefore, examines the future of international regimes and how they may contribute to climate-change mitigation. Its forwardlooking orientation – how international trade can leverage climate-change mitigation – is an important and novel contribution in examining how environmental concerns can be included into international regimes. What changes will look like and how change is attained (through policy, regulations, law, agreements, incentives) may contribute to developing global- level institutional solutions for how climate-change mitigation is framed in international regimes and discourses. The article also addresses emerging academic research into climate clubs in international climatechange mitigation institutions/regimes. The article contributes to growing discourses in global climate governance for how these arrangements and agreements should look/be designed to create real action on climate-change mitigation. Therefore, it expands on existing scholarship through taking a specific lens (international trade) and how it may contribute to mitigating climate change through coalitions (climate clubs) beyond how the existing international regime is configured. climate clubs, minilateralism, legitimacy, multilateralism, accountability, international trade
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Guha, Abhigyan. "Untangling India’s Non-Traditional Security Challenge of Climate Change: Is Soft Power Diplomacy a Panacea for Anthropocentric Abuses?" Electronic Journal of Social and Strategic Studies 03, no. 01 (2022): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47362/ejsss.2022.3105.
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India’s pursuit towards a sustainable future has been accompanied by the centrality of climate diplomacy while leveraging its soft power apparatus in spearheading global trust-building, capacity-building and managing global common resources. Irrespective of the post-COVID ramifications, India has remained the only G20 nation on track to meet its climate change mitigation commitments, as India continues to maintain an ambitious target of 450 gigawatts by 2030 for itself on renewable energy, adhering to cutting down carbon emissions by 33% by 2030, keeping its promise on global warming mitigation to below 2 degrees. Predicating its approach towards multilateral action on respect, peace, prosperity, dialogue and cooperation, India has marshalled multilateral action on climate change in the international arena, from being the founder of the International Solar Alliance, leading the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, to constituting an integral component of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue’s Climate Working Group, aiming at strengthening climate actions on mitigation, adaptation, resilience, technology-building capacity and climate finance. The paper problematizes climate change in international politics, focusing on India’s soft power dimension while assessing the vulnerabilities associated with climate change, emphasizing exclusively on the evolution and the emerging multifaceted dynamics of India’s climate diplomacy.
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Sun, Xinyu, Amelia Clarke, and Adriane MacDonald. "Implementing Community Sustainability Plans through Partnership: Examining the Relationship between Partnership Structural Features and Climate Change Mitigation Outcomes." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 6172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156172.
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Addressing society’s most complex challenges, such as climate change, requires bringing together stakeholders from the business, government, and nonprofit sectors. At the municipal level, multi-stakeholder partnerships are often formed to implement community sustainability plans. However, these partnerships can create new challenges, as it is cumbersome to coordinate action among a group that is made up of such diverse stakeholders. Past research suggests that it is important for these partnerships to have the appropriate structures in place to mitigate some of the coordination challenges to which they are prone. Yet, very few studies have examined the influence that different structural features have on plan outcomes. This article seeks to address this important research gap by using quantitative methods to examine five different features that can compose partnership structures—oversight, monitoring and evaluation, partner engagement, communication, and community wide-actions and their impact on climate change mitigation outcomes. Based on data collected through a global survey and publicly available greenhouse gases emission data from 72 different partnerships that implement community sustainability plans (CSPs), this study finds that structural features related to oversight and community-wide actions are positively associated with climate change mitigation outcomes. These results indicate that certain features of partnership structures may be more important for achieving desirable climate change mitigation outcomes, and thus contribute to research on collaborative governance structures and climate action.
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Klapwijk, M. J., J. Boberg, J. Bergh, K. Bishop, C. Björkman, D. Ellison, A. Felton, et al. "Capturing complexity: Forests, decision-making and climate change mitigation action." Global Environmental Change 52 (September 2018): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.012.
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Rezai, Armon. "RECAST THE DICE AND ITS POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 14, S2 (November 2010): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000428.
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The DICE (for Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy) introduced two important policy aspects to the economic discussion of global warming. First, it argues for a “climate-policy ramp” that deems back-loading of mitigation optimal. Second, it demonstrates that an intergenerational tradeoff is at the heart of the mitigation problem. In this paper we argue that both of these findings rest on contestable assumptions. To demonstrate this a recast DICE is presented. Its outcomes show that DICE's predictions are not robust with higher migitations earlier on and slower temperature increases along the optimal path. The adoption of a baseline scenario in which pollution is a negative externality makes mitigating climate change a Pareto improvement. The alleged sacrifice of present generations vanishes. This strengthens the case for immediate policy action.
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Anas, Iswandi, Nia K. Megasari, Suprihati Suprihati, and Hiroyuki OHTA. "INDONESIAN FARMERS CAN CONTRIBUTE IN REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION FROM WETLAND RICE FIELD." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2008): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.10.2.54-59.
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<p>Agricultural sector contribute significantly to the total GHG emission. There are some GHG mitigation options available but so far non of these mitigation options is being implemented by farmers. There is no real action have been taken by government to encourage farmers to implement the available mitigation option to reduce GHG emission from wetland rice field. We discuss some mitigation options and we suggest two additional GHG mitigation options namely crops rotation and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) that probably more attractive to farmer to implement them. However the impacts of these two proposed options as GHG mitigation options should be studied further.<br />Key words: Greenhouse gases (GHG), mitigation option, farmer contribution, SRI, crop rotation</p>
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Dyah Lintang Trenggonowati, Achmad Bahauddin, Asep Ridwan, and Yuyun Wulandari. "Proposed Action of Supply Chain Risk Mitigation Air Compressor Type L Unloading ¼ HP Using The Fuzzy – FMEA and Fuzzy – AHP Method in PT. XYZ." Journal of Innovation and Technology 2, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/jit.v2i1.3204.
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Established since the 80s, PT. XYZ is an air compressor manufacturing industry located in Tangerang, Indonesia. In the production process, the Air compressor type L Unloading 1/4 HP has a very complex supply chain network which makes the supply chain network activities experience obstacles in the form of risks or potential risks that can occur so that it can disrupt the smooth running of the supply chain activities of the air compressor type L. Unloading 1/4 HP. However, PT. XYZ has not maximally implemented risk mitigation actions in its supply chain. The purpose of this study is to propose a mitigation action against risk events that occur along the supply chain of water compressor type L Unloading 1/4 HP using the FFMEA (Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) and FAHP (Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process) methods. Based on the research, there were 29 identified risk events with 5 priority risk events. And of the 5 priority risk events, each has 2 proposed mitigation actions per priority risk event
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Lazarus, E. D. "Threshold effects of hazard mitigation in coastal human–environmental systems." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 1, no. 1 (October 21, 2013): 503–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-1-503-2013.
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Abstract. Despite improved scientific insight into physical and social dynamics related to natural disasters, the financial cost of extreme events continues to rise. This paradox is particularly evident along developed coastlines, where future hazards are projected to intensify with consequences of climate change, and where the presence of valuable infrastructure exacerbates risk. By design, coastal hazard mitigation buffers human activities against the variability of natural phenomena such as storms. But hazard mitigation also sets up feedbacks between human and natural dynamics. This paper explores developed coastlines as exemplary coupled human–environmental systems in which hazard mitigation is the key coupling mechanism. Results from a simplified numerical model of an agent-managed seawall illustrate the nonlinear effects that economic and physical thresholds can impart into coupled-system dynamics. The scale of mitigation action affects the time frame over which human activities and natural hazards interact. By accelerating environmental changes observable in some settings over human time scales of years to decades, climate change may temporarily strengthen the coupling between human and environmental dynamics. However, climate change could ultimately result in weaker coupling at those human time scales as mitigation actions increasingly engage global-scale systems.
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Lazarus, E. D. "Threshold effects of hazard mitigation in coastal human–environmental systems." Earth Surface Dynamics 2, no. 1 (January 24, 2014): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-35-2014.
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Abstract. Despite improved scientific insight into physical and social dynamics related to natural disasters, the financial cost of extreme events continues to rise. This paradox is particularly evident along developed coastlines, where future hazards are projected to intensify with consequences of climate change, and where the presence of valuable infrastructure exacerbates risk. By design, coastal hazard mitigation buffers human activities against the variability of natural phenomena such as storms. But hazard mitigation also sets up feedbacks between human and natural dynamics. This paper explores developed coastlines as exemplary coupled human–environmental systems in which hazard mitigation is the key coupling mechanism. Results from a simplified numerical model of an agent-managed seawall illustrate the nonlinear effects that economic and physical thresholds can impart into coastal human–environmental system dynamics. The scale of mitigation action affects the time frame over which human activities and natural hazards interact. By accelerating environmental changes observable in some settings over human timescales of years to decades, climate change may temporarily strengthen the coupling between human and environmental dynamics. However, climate change could ultimately result in weaker coupling at those human timescales as mitigation actions increasingly engage global-scale systems.
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Sporchia, Fabio, Michela Marchi, Enrico Nocentini, Nadia Marchettini, and Federico Maria Pulselli. "Sub-National Scale Initiatives for Climate Change Mitigation: Refining the Approach to Increase the Effectiveness of the Covenant of Mayors." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010125.
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Climate change mitigation strategies include sub-national initiatives proposed and operated by municipalities. An example of such initiatives is the Covenant of Mayors, the signatories of which are requested to compile territorial greenhouse gas emission inventories to identify entry points for mitigating policies and to be able to monitor their effectiveness over time. However, the current accounting approach presents some limitations, providing an incomplete picture of the territorial emissive status, thus hampering the mitigation potential of the set of measures. The present study shows that the current approach required by the Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) guidelines for compiling the Baseline Emission Inventory (BEI) can be complemented with the accounting guidelines proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in order to fill existing gaps and provide a comprehensive picture from a different point of view. The proposed refinement demonstrates that local administrative bodies can count on a tool able to provide detailed and accurate information, stimulate knowledge and awareness, and optimize local mitigation efforts sometimes limited by the application of large scale (national) top-down initiatives.
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Long, S. A., and R. A. Tinker. "Australian action to reduce health risks from radon." Annals of the ICRP 49, no. 1_suppl (August 3, 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146645320931983.
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In Australia, worker exposure to radon in underground uranium mines has been a focus of policy makers and regulators, and has been well controlled in the industry sector. That cannot be said for public exposure to radon. Radon exposure studies in the late 1980s and early 1990s demonstrated that the levels of radon in Australian homes were some of the lowest in the world. The International Basic Safety Standards, published by the International Atomic Energy Agency, requires the government to establish and implement an action plan for controlling public exposure due to radon indoors. When considering different policy options, it is important to develop radon prevention and mitigation programmes reflecting elements that are unique to the region or country. The Australian Radon Action Plan is being considered at a national level, and presents a long-range strategy designed to reduce radon-induced lung cancer in Australia, as well as the individual risk for people living with high concentrations of radon. In Australia, workers who are not currently designated as occupationally exposed are also considered as members of the public. In the Australian context, there are only a limited set of scenarios that might give rise to sufficiently high radon concentrations that warrant mitigation. These include highly energy efficient buildings in areas of high radon potential, underground workplaces, workplaces with elevated radon concentrations (e.g. spas using natural spring waters), and enclosed workspaces with limited ventilation. The key elements for a successful plan will rely on collaboration between government sectors and other health promotion programmes, cooperative efforts involving technical and communication experts, and partnering with building professionals and other stakeholders involved in the implementation of radon prevention and mitigation.
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Mentari, Nikmah, and Uni Tsulasi Putri. "Risk Mitigation of Disease Pandemic in the Indonesian Banking Industry: In Response to COVID-19." Lentera Hukum 7, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v7i3.20146.
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As an intermediary institution, the banking industry plays a critical function in the economy. Unpredictable conditions such as disease pandemic, exemplified from the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak, result in loss to the banking industry due to the weakening of the national economy. In the future, then, the banking industry requires early preventive action for a similar case through specific risk mitigation towards disease pandemic. This paper aims to discuss the urgency of the risk mitigation towards the pandemic in the banking industry, following the risk mitigation scheme in facing the pandemic with its relevant regulation. This paper shows that the pandemic's responsive risk mitigation has become essential to strengthen the banking’s intermediary function and performance during the pandemic. The existing risk mitigation regulation solely relates to the non-performing loan in normal conditions. In the meantime, disease pandemic like COVID-19 is excluded because it is beyond the normal situation. Its adverse impact has leveraged more significant extent due to emergency conditions. In case of a disease pandemic, the bank can soon take early preventive action before the pandemic strikes within the domestic territory without waiting for central government-specific regulation, but it should. However, it remains practiced under the relevant laws.
KEYWORDS: Risk Mitigation, Disease Pandemic, COVID-19, Banking Industry, Indonesia.
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Mentari, Nikmah, and Uni Tsulasi Putri. "Risk Mitigation of Disease Pandemic in the Indonesian Banking Industry: In Response to COVID-19." Lentera Hukum 7, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v7i3.20146.
Full textAbstract:
As an intermediary institution, the banking industry plays a critical function in the economy. Unpredictable conditions such as disease pandemic, exemplified from the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak, result in loss to the banking industry due to the weakening of the national economy. In the future, then, the banking industry requires early preventive action for a similar case through specific risk mitigation towards disease pandemic. This paper aims to discuss the urgency of the risk mitigation towards the pandemic in the banking industry, following the risk mitigation scheme in facing the pandemic with its relevant regulation. This paper shows that the pandemic's responsive risk mitigation has become essential to strengthen the banking’s intermediary function and performance during the pandemic. The existing risk mitigation regulation solely relates to the non-performing loan in normal conditions. In the meantime, disease pandemic like COVID-19 is excluded because it is beyond the normal situation. Its adverse impact has leveraged more significant extent due to emergency conditions. In case of a disease pandemic, the bank can soon take early preventive action before the pandemic strikes within the domestic territory without waiting for central government-specific regulation, but it should. However, it remains practiced under the relevant laws.
KEYWORDS: Risk Mitigation, Disease Pandemic, COVID-19, Banking Industry, Indonesia.
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Zhong, Ming, Lu Xiao, Qian Zhang, and Tao Jiang. "Risk Perception, Risk Communication, and Mitigation Actions of Flash Floods: Results from a Survey in Three Types of Communities." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 12389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212389.
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In order to improve the decision-making of risk management and enhance community resilience to flash floods, the perception of risks, communication of warnings, and mitigation actions concerning flash floods were investigated in this study. The survey involves 280 participants from three types of communities in flash flood-prone areas. Results show that: (i) About 55.4% of community participants misperceived or underestimated the risk of flash floods, especially in the suburban communities, and people had misconceptions about the safety of crossing fast-flowing water, even though most of them had experienced flash flood hazards. (ii) In total, 67.9% of participants indicated that they had at some point received a flash flood warning. The perception of accuracy was related to trust in flash flood warnings, but they were different constructs for some individuals. Moreover, residents in the rural community and suburban community reported a closer social communication with neighbors, which would greatly influence inhabitants’ attitudes and behaviors towards the flash flood warnings and mitigation actions. (iii) Most of the participants indicated they would take some protective action when they received a warning. Risk perceptions and risk communications influence the mitigation actions in the community. Significant variables in the rural community and non-rural community were explored, and some important suggestions are highlighted. These findings suggest that risk perception and risk communication in neighborhoods help people to decide what action to take in the given scenarios, contribute to enhancing the community resilience, and contribute to coping with future flash floods in a more specific and effective way.
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Tsai, Wen-Tien. "Forest Resource Management and Its Climate-Change Mitigation Policies in Taiwan." Climate 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9010003.
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Based on high carbon emissions in recent years (i.e., about 11 metric tons in 2018) per capita in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents, Taiwan has actively development greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction action plans. One of the action plans has been to promote afforestation and reforestation in non-forested lands for carbon sequestration. Thus, this paper aims to address the forest resources in Taiwan by using the latest national survey, reporting on an interactive analysis of forest carbon sequestration, GHG emissions, and climate-change mitigation policies. In this regard, the methodology is based on the official websites of forest resources, GHG emissions, and carbon sequestration from the yearbooks, national statistics, and regulations relevant to the mitigation policies in the forestry sector. It is found that Taiwan’s forest area is estimated to be 2.197 million hectares, which corresponds to a total forest stock volume of about 502.0 million cubic meters. During the period of 1990–2018, the change in total carbon sequestration did not vary much (with the exception of 2009), decreasing from 23.4 million metric tons in 1990 to 21.4 million metric tons in 2018. Compared to the total carbon dioxide emissions (i.e., 102.4 million metric tons in 1990 and 282.8 million metric tons in 2018), the contribution to GHG mitigation in the forestry sector shows a declining trend. However, biomass (i.e., wood) carbon sequestration indicates a slight increase from 20.4 million metric tons in 2010 to 20.7 million metric tons in 2018 due to the afforestation policy. Obviously, regulatory policies, based on the Forestry Act and the Greenhouse Gas Reduction & Management Act in 2015, play a vital role in mitigating GHG emissions in Taiwan. The discussion on the regulations is further addressed to highlight climate-change mitigation policies in Taiwan’s forestry sector.
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Hassan, Syreen, Sol Cuevas Garcia-Dorado, Kristine Belesova, Peninah Murage, Sarah Whitmee, Rachel Huxley, Rosemary Green, and Andrew Haines. "A protocol for analysing the effects on health and greenhouse gas emissions of implemented climate change mitigation actions." Wellcome Open Research 6 (May 25, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16754.2.
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Background: It is crucial to understand the benefits to human health from decarbonisation to galvanise action among decision makers. Most of our existing evidence comes from modelling studies and little is known about the extent to which the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation actions are realised upon implementation. We aim to analyse evidence from mitigation actions that have been implemented across a range of sectors and scales, to identify those that can improve and sustain health, while accelerating progress towards a zero-carbon economy. Objectives: To understand the implementation process of actions and the role of key actors; explain the contextual elements influencing these actions; summarise what effects, both positive and negative, planned and unplanned they may have on emissions of greenhouse gases and health; and to summarise environmental, social, or economic co-benefits. Data: We will review evidence collected through partnership with existing data holders and an open call for evidence. We will also conduct a hand search of reference lists from systematic reviews and websites of organisations relevant to climate change mitigation. Screening: Screening will be done by two reviewers according to a pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis: We will identify gaps where implementation or evaluation of implementation of mitigation actions is lacking. We will synthesise the findings to describe how actions were implemented and how they achieved results in different contexts, identifying potential barriers and facilitators to their design, implementation, and uptake. We will also synthesise their effect on health outcomes and other co-benefits. Quantitative synthesis will depend on the heterogeneity of outcomes and metrics. Conclusions: Findings will be used to identify lessons that can be learned from successful and unsuccessful mitigation actions, to make inferences on replicability, scalability, and transferability and will contribute to the development of frameworks that can be used by policy makers.
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Hassan, Syreen, Sol Cuevas Garcia-Dorado, Kristine Belesova, Peninah Murage, Sarah Whitmee, Rachel Huxley, Rosemary Green, and Andrew Haines. "A protocol for analysing the effects on health and greenhouse gas emissions of implemented climate change mitigation actions." Wellcome Open Research 6 (May 13, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16754.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: It is crucial to understand the benefits to human health from decarbonisation to galvanise action among decision makers. Most of our existing evidence comes from modelling studies and little is known about the extent to which the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation actions are realised upon implementation. We aim to analyse evidence from mitigation actions that have been implemented across a range of sectors and scales, to identify those that can improve and sustain health, while accelerating progress towards a zero-carbon economy. Objectives: To understand the implementation process of actions and the role of key actors; explain the contextual elements influencing these actions; summarise what effects, both positive and negative, planned and unplanned they may have on emissions of greenhouse gases and health; and to summarise environmental, social, or economic co-benefits. Data: We will review evidence collected through partnership with existing data holders and an open call for evidence. We will also conduct a hand search of reference lists from systematic reviews and websites of organisations relevant to climate change mitigation. Screening: Screening will be done by two reviewers according to a pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis: We will identify gaps where implementation or evaluation of implementation of mitigation actions is lacking. We will synthesise the findings to describe how actions were implemented and how they achieved results in different contexts, identifying potential barriers and facilitators to their design, implementation, and uptake. We will also synthesise their effect on health outcomes and other co-benefits. Quantitative synthesis will depend on the heterogeneity of outcomes and metrics. Conclusions: Findings will be used to identify lessons that can be learned from successful and unsuccessful mitigation actions, to make inferences on replicability, scalability, and transferability and will contribute to the development of frameworks that can be used by policy makers.
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Matak, Nikola, Marko Mimica, and Goran Krajačić. "Optimising the Cost of Reducing the CO2 Emissions in Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063462.
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Tackling climate change can be achieved through local and regional initiatives, such as the Covenant of Mayors, which create energy and climate plans with mitigation measures. Upon the development of energy plans, the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) can be achieved through an individual or joint approach. The research aims to upgrade methods for local and regional energy planning through the choice of mitigation actions and alternative scenarios for the reduction of GHG emissions. This is achieved through optimisation of the selection of mitigation measures in the case of the wider Dubrovnik area in Croatia by choosing the most suitable option for implementation when comparing individual and joint approaches for the planning of the measures. Moreover, the implementation of single and sets of mitigation measures is compared through the total cost abatement curve. The modelled problem represents a non-linear problem as exponential functions and multiplication of variables occurs in the modelled equations. Visualisation of the results is achieved via the total cost abatement curve which ranks measures from the most cost-effective to the least cost-effective. It is shown that with the use of optimisation models, it is possible to find such sets of measures and alternative scenarios, which will, with less financial means, reach a minimal reduction of CO2 emissions by 40% in local and regional energy systems and result in financial savings of three times in the analysed case. In this way, it could be possible to increase the overall implementation of SECAP measures and mitigate the problem of the lack of appropriate financial planning.
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Runge, Manuela, Reese A. K. Richardson, Patrick A. Clay, Arielle Bell, Tobias M. Holden, Manisha Singam, Natsumi Tsuboyama, et al. "Modeling robust COVID-19 intensive care unit occupancy thresholds for imposing mitigation to prevent exceeding capacities." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): e0000308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000308.
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In non-pharmaceutical management of COVID-19, occupancy of intensive care units (ICU) is often used as an indicator to inform when to intensify mitigation and thus reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, strain on ICUs, and deaths. However, ICU occupancy thresholds at which action should be taken are often selected arbitrarily. We propose a quantitative approach using mathematical modeling to identify ICU occupancy thresholds at which mitigation should be triggered to avoid exceeding the ICU capacity available for COVID-19 patients and demonstrate this approach for the United States city of Chicago. We used a stochastic compartmental model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease progression, including critical cases that would require intensive care. We calibrated the model using daily COVID-19 ICU and hospital census data between March and August 2020. We projected various possible ICU occupancy trajectories from September 2020 to May 2021 with two possible levels of transmission increase and uncertainty in core model parameters. The effect of combined mitigation measures was modeled as a decrease in the transmission rate that took effect when projected ICU occupancy reached a specified threshold. We found that mitigation did not immediately eliminate the risk of exceeding ICU capacity. Delaying action by 7 days increased the probability of exceeding ICU capacity by 10–60% and this increase could not be counteracted by stronger mitigation. Even under modest transmission increase, a threshold occupancy no higher than 60% was required when mitigation reduced the reproductive number Rt to just below 1. At higher transmission increase, a threshold of at most 40% was required with mitigation that reduced Rt below 0.75 within the first two weeks after mitigation. Our analysis demonstrates a quantitative approach for the selection of ICU occupancy thresholds that considers parameter uncertainty and compares relevant mitigation and transmission scenarios. An appropriate threshold will depend on the location, number of ICU beds available for COVID-19, available mitigation options, feasible mitigation strengths, and tolerated durations of intensified mitigation.