Journal articles on the topic 'Miti di origine'

Laddove la cultura ellenica nei suoi aspetti più importanti scomparve all’avvento della religione cristiana, solo la filosofia greca sopravvisse, anzi trovò nella nuova situazione culturale forme di sviluppo originali. Perciò noi dovremmo parlare di filosofizzazione, piuttosto che di ellenizzazione del cristianesimo. Inizialmente gli autori cristiani erano avversi alla filosofia, ma poi prevalse la linea di Giustino, di Clemente e di Origine secondo cui essa poteva rappresentare una propedeutica a una comprensione colta della fede: certo non tutta la filosofia greca ma soltanto il filone platonico e aristotelico. Da queste specifiche fonti i Padri della Chiesa trassero concetti e argomentazioni utili per due scopi: il primo, la dimostrazione del libero arbitrio a supporto dell’etica, e della provvidenza divina in funzione della teodicea; il secondo, la critica dei miti e culti pagani e delle contemporanee sette eretiche. In particolare la confutazione del manicheismo impiegò su larga scale le strutture formali dell’ontologia aristotelica. La filosofizzazione divenne parte integrante dell’identità e della visione cristiana del mondo.

Nell’antica Grecia, il mito delle Amazzoni, che, nell’immaginario collettivo greco, rappresentavano l’elemento “altro”, è spesso associato a tradizioni di fondazione e di eponimia in rapporto a città, soprattutto nella Ionia e nell’Eolide d’Asia Minore. Queste tradizioni si possono rintracciare in racconti locali, che si sono conservati fino all’età imperiale romana, in un momento in cui, in particolare, si assiste ad una ripresa delle tradizioni greche arcaiche e classiche durante la seconda sofistica. L’epoca dell’imperatore Adriano, più di ogni altra, sarebbe stata importante per la rinascita ed il recupero di questi miti di fondazione, in quanto molte città ioniche ed eoliche (come Efeso, Smirne, Cuma e Mirina) creavano un nesso con il loro passato e con la loro origine per mezzo della figura dell’Amazzone, rappresentata anche sulla monetazione locale, con l’obiettivo di affermare la loro antichità e priorità: tali tradizioni sono attestate anche nelle fonti letterarie. Grazie alla remota antichità ed adattabilità, il mito di fondazione basato sulle Amazzoni attraversò diversi processi di rielaborazione e rifunzionalizzazione e fu riutilizzato come “paradigma” in Asia Minore, soprattutto in età imperiale, per sottolineare l’archaiologia delle antiche poleis. Queste elaborazioni, fondate su antiche tradizioni mitiche locali, sono state determinanti per riaffermare e rivendicare l’identità culturale ed etnica dei Greci sotto l’Impero romano in un preciso momento storico. Obiettivo del presente lavoro è indagare i processi di costruzione e ri-costruzione dell’identità cittadina attraverso l’analisi delle fonti relative ai racconti di fondazione e di eponimia attestati in Ionia e in Eolide in relazione al particolare contesto legato al revival delle tradizioni locali greche in età imperiale.

Il presente articolo prende in esame alcuni aspetti rilevanti della storia dello sport in Urss, risalendo fino alle lontane origini in epoca zarista, e analizza come il movimento sportivo si sviluppò in Unione Sovietica. Il saggio prende in esame l'evoluzione dell'approccio con cui il potere sovietico, nei suoi primi anni di vita, guardò allo sport, dapprima rinnegandone la dimensione agonistica, cui veniva preferito il movimento di massa, che veniva associato ad un solidarismo di matrice marxista-leninista. Nel corso degli anni successivi la politica sovietica nei confronti dello sport mutò varie volte di indirizzo: dapprima furono organizzate le Spartakiadi, le competizioni cui partecipavano i movimenti socialisti europei, mentre, nel corso della seconda metà degli anni Trenta, le grandi sfilate di ginnasti in Piazza Rossa doveva in qualche modo porre il movimento sportivo staliniano alla pari di quelli ostentati dal nazismo e dal fascismo. Solo nei primi anni Cinquanta, il movimento sovietico aderì al CIO, e quindi alle manifestazioni sportive internazionali, dando vita ad un braccio di ferro con gli Usa, nel quale la supremazia in ambito sportivo stava a significare la superiorità di un sistema ai danni di quello rivale. Il saggio analizza, poi, i valori dello sport sovietico, i miti e gli anti-miti, e il suo impatto nella cultura di massa, con una particolare attenzione in riferimento al quadriennio 1952-1956.

A reflection also imposes itself on the Italian university "after" the Pandemic. In fact, this contribution represents the unedited elaboration of my brief speech at the Third Brainstorming of the University, Designing the University of the Future (University of Perugia, 29 March 2021). On this occasion, the need to "design the University of the future" with the mind turned to the past, recovering the basic values of the university of the origins (Civitatis Perusii A.D. MCCCVIII), was underlined (Studium Generale, Universitas Studiorum, quaestio quodlibetalis etc.), in order to reaffirm the personalization and quality of the educational relationship through accredited/institutional but direct contacts/profiles (e.g. Microsoft Teams).

Abstract: The results of data analysis showed that disadvantaged-students scholarship and Bidik Misi scholarship recipients succeed in his studies indicated arnaverage IP obtained was 3.43 with details of 5.6% of the students received a designation of high academic ability and 94.4% received a designation capability extremely high academic. Meanwhile, scholarship recipients of non-disadvantaged-students and non-Bidik Misi scholarship have lower IP acquisition anaverage of 3.29 to 8.4% student predicate academic ability is low, 5.6% high, and very high 86.0%. There's no influence of economic factors of students with learning success, there is no effect between the origin of SMA / MA SMK to the success of learning, and there is influence between public or private schools of origin against the learning success. Keywords: Scholarship, Poor, Economic Factors.

Il nostos era il ritorno degli eroi greci dai campi di battaglia. L'altra faccia della medaglia del nostos era la nostalgia per le persone care ed i luoghi di origine che non si vedevano da molti anni. Lo stesso struggente sentimento è provato dagli emigrati, dai rifugiati che desiderano un giorno ritornare al loro Paese. Anche Tullio Guma è per certi versi un emigrato avendo vissuto più anni all’estero che non in Italia: da bambino ed adolescente, durante i quarant'anni trascorsi in diplomazia, dopo il pensionamento. Egli infatti risiede tuttora a Toronto. Egli ha vissuto in molti Paesi ed ha effettuato tanti ritorni, mai definitivi. Mete dei suoi rientri in Italia sono stati Napoli e Roma. Ogni volta che a distanza di anni tornava in Italia, osservava i numerosi cambiamenti che erano nel frattempo intervenuti. È sempre felicissimo di tornare in Italia, ma anche in Canada e negli altri Paesi ove ho risieduto. Resta da vedere se Tullio Guma compirà un giorno il ritorno “definitivo”. Già, ma in Italia o in Canada?

In the current era of technological development, e-commerce is required to be more developed, effective, efficient and become the main choice for buyers and sellers. The problem formulation of this journal is the most trending store and the city of origin of the store. This is evidenced by the best-selling products sold based on categories and types of men's fashion products. The purpose of this research is to find out the type of fashion that is loved by male buyers in the Shopee marketplace and get discounts/free shipping and can be a recommendation for what fashion products are suitable for newcomers to Shopee Indonesia. This research was conducted on April 4, 2021, which coincided with the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was carried out in 4 steps in applying Web Scrapping and Exploratory Data Analysis techniques: Observation, Data Collection, Information Extraction and Analysis. this research: (1) from the buyer's point of view it can be a reference for the goods to be purchased and get a discount/free shipping because the city of origin of the shop is the same or closest; (2) from the side of new sellers (new traders) in the Indonesian shopee marketplace, it can be a reference for any men's fashion that will sell well in the future based on the store that sells the most products.

Настоящая работа является первым общим описанием на русском языке двух некрополей Кампокиаро (Кампобассо, Италия) – Виченне и Морионе, датируемых последней третью VII в. – началом VIII в. Культурное содержание некрополей показывает прочные связи с населением центральноазиатского происхождения. Важнейшим признаком некрополей являются захоронения с конем, соответствующие евразийскому кочевому погребальному обряду. Автор поддержал выводы европейских исследователей о том, что с большой долей вероятности некрополи оставлены булгарами дукса–гаштальда Алзеко, зафиксированными Павлом Диаконом в VIII в. на территориях Бояно, Сепино и Изернии. Аналогии некрополей Кампокиаро с погребениями Аварского каганата показывают присутствие в аварском обществе булгар со схожим погребальным обрядом. Из тысяч погребений с конем, оставленных аварским населением, булгарам могла принадлежать большая часть. Авары и булгары составляли основу и правящую верхушку каганата. 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L'articolo esamina la questione dei giovani nelle opere del sociologo Gino Germani e dello storico Renzo De Felice. Entrambi gli studiosi hanno individuato per primi, nei rispettivi campi di indagine, la centralità del tema per comprendere il processo di selezione e di formazione delle classi dirigenti nei regimi autorita-ri/totalitari e formulare ipotesi circa la loro capacità di durare nel tempo. Nella prima parte viene descritta l'interpretazione elaborata da Germani della socializ-zazione dei giovani nei regimi fascisti, dalla sua origine risalente alla giovanile mili-tanza antifascista ai successivi sviluppi in prospettiva propriamente sociologica. Successivamente si tenta di ricostruire, soprattutto attraverso l'analisi dei testi dei due autori, l'influenza esercitata dall'impostazione del problema dei giovani da parte del sociologo sull'opera di De Felice. Infine, viene seguita l'evoluzione dell'analisi di De Felice della questione nel corso degli anni, mettendo in evidenza la capacità dello storico di rivedere e di mettere a punto lo schema del rapporto giovani-fascismo delineato dallo studioso italo-argentino, anche grazie alle nuove evidenze scientifiche e alle nuove fonti, ma anche la permanenza di alcuni limiti interpretativi e contraddizioni analitiche.

La rete dell’atlante italo-svizzero AIS comprende sette isole linguistiche tra cui tre sono di natu- ra alloglotta (relative cioè al greco ed all’albanese) mentre cinque sono di origine romanza. In tre delle isole linguistiche romanze, tutte ubicate in Sicilia, si parlano ancora dialetti galloitalici: si tratta delle località di Aidone (P.-AIS 865), San Fratello (P.-AIS 817) e Sperlinga (P.-AIS 836). è ben risaputo che l’origine storica di queste isole risale all’Alto Medioevo (XII–XIII secoli) e che la patria dei rispettivi coloni alto-medievali si trovava nella zona di contatto situata tra il Piemonte meridionale, la Liguria settentrionale e la contigua Emilia occidentale.Nel corso della dialettometrizzazione della totalità dei dati dell’AIS – svoltasi a Salisburgo negli anni 2005–2009 – si è presentata l’opportunità di esaminare, tramite tutti gli strumenti dialettometrici attualmente a disposizione, tanto la posizione (quantitativa relazionale) dei dialetti galloitalici delle suddette tre località nella rete dell’AIS, quanto quella di alcuni dialetti siciliani limitrofi.I risultati delle rispettive analisi sono molto sfumati e dimostrano chiaramente la comples- sità dell’inserzione delle parlate galloitaliche nel diasistema siciliano: vengono presentati tra- mite 16 carte dialettometriche a colore, ciascuna delle quali è accompagnata di appositi spiega- zioni e commenti dialettometrici e linguistici.

<p>Islam is the only divine religion that is passed down to all humanity, regardless of nationality, color, language, origin, and age. Islam is a message that contains the meaning of natural mission. Nature is a sentence that has a deep, beautiful, and great meaning. The existence of a natural Islam, showing without doubt to the universality of this treatise, and its flexibility, and its absolute ability to understand all the changing times, and the development of life, as well as the human view of itself in this life in all circumstances and conditions. The mission of Islam is capable of making breakthroughs and spreads in every time and place, for he is the only religion that carries the seeds of the ultimate and noble life for mankind. Indeed Islam is the religion of human nature and in fact faith is the milestone of Islamic life. It is therefore impossible to erect the palace of true Islamic life unless it is sustained above the milestone of acknowledgment of monotheism, for it is the essential acknowledgment for man to color his life, in accordance with God's will for him.</p><p> </p><p>Islam adalah satu-satunya agama samawi yang diturunkan ke segenap umat manusia, tanpa memandang jenis kebangsaan, warna kulit, bahasa, asal-usul, dan zamannya. Islam adalah risalah yang bermuatan makna misi alamiah. Alamiah adalah suatu kalimat yang mempunyai arti yang dalam, indah, dan agung. Adanya Islam yang alamiah, menunjukkan tanpa keraguan kepada kesemestaan risalah ini, dan fleksibilitasnya, serta kemampuannya yang mutlak memahami segala perubahan zaman, dan perkembangan kehidupan, maupun pandangan manusia itu sendiri terhadap kehidupan ini dalam segala situasi dan kondisinya. Misi Islam mampu melakukan terobosan dan tersebar dalam setiap waktu dan tempat, karena dia adalah satu-satunya agama yang membawa benih-benih kehidupan hakiki dan mulia bagi umat manusia. Sesungguhnya Islam adalah agama fitrah kemanusiaan dan sesungguhnya iman adalah tonggak kehidupan Islam. Karena itulah tidak mungkin akan tegak istana kehidupan Islam yang benar kecuali jika ditopang di atas tonggak pengakuan tauhid, karena ia adalah pengakuan yang sangat esensial bagi manusia untuk mewarnai kehidupannya, sesuai dengan kehendak Tuhan baginya.</p>

Scopo del lavoro è quello di descrivere le caratteristiche morfologiche TC ed RM delle patologie espansive benigne nel soggetto adulto, correlando le alterazioni di densità alla TC e segnale alla RM, alle lesioni anatomo-patologiche presenti. Queste lesioni espansive benigne, infatti, rivestono un particolare interesse non solo perchè sono piuttosto rare, ma soprattutto perchè possono mimare patologia di altra natura, specie neoplastica maligna. Viene pertanto proposto uno schema di interpretazione delle immagini sulla base delle nozioni embriologiche e di sviluppo, allo scopo di effettuare una corretta diagnosi differenziale tra le lesioni congenite e quelle acquisite benigne nei confronti di quelle maligne. Sono stati valutati retrospettivamente i quadri morfologici TC e RM, eseguiti negli ultimi due anni ed effettuati secondo protocollo iniziale standardizzato, di 350 pazienti (174 maschi, 126 femmine, di età compresa tra i 16 e i 77 anni), con patologia espansiva del distretto testa-collo, accertata con esame clinico e/o strumentale endoscopico. Nella nostra casistica abbiamo riscontrato anche nell'adulto un discreto numero di soggetti affetti da patologia espansiva benigna nell'ambito delle regioni sopra- e sottoioidea del distretto testa-collo, confermata con la biopsia e/o dopo intervento chirurgico (47 casi). Abbiamo distinto diverse categorie principali di lesioni: Lesioni cistiche congenite: cisti di Tornwaldt (6), del dotto tireoglosso (5), delle tasche branchiali (5); Lesioni cistiche acquisite: laringoceli (2), laringomucopioceli (3); Lesioni Vascolari: malformazioni vascolari venose (3), linfangiomi (4); Lesioni neoplastiche benigne: paragangliomi (4), lipomi (2), tumori ghiandolari misti (3), neurinomi (2); Pseudotumori: vascolari: giugulare ectasica (2) e dissezione della carotide interna (2); ossei: osteofitosi vertebrale somatica ed interapofisaria (4). Non deve essere allora dimenticato che nel soggetto adulto si possano manifestare patologie espansive benigne, anche congenite, a primitiva localizzazione negli spazi fasciali profondi periviscerali, oppure in quelli sede delle principali stazioni linfoghiandolari del distretto testa-collo, il cui aspetto clinico-semeiologico è nella maggioranza dei casi del tutto aspecifico e pertanto pone seri problemi diagnostico-differenziali se non addirittura erronee diagnosi di natura. Viene quindi suggerito un razionale ricorso alla diagnostica per immagini TC e/o RM, tenuto conto che una corretta diagnosi differenziale di queste lesioni con effetto massa non può prescindere da una precisa identificazione dello spazio fasciale primitivo di origine e dall'analisi degli aspetti morfologici caratteristici, uniti a nozioni embriologiche, che possono aiutare ad escludere la natura maligna ed a formulare infine una corretta caratterizzazione etiologica, con ovvie conseguenze sulla prognosi e sulla pianificazione di un'idonea terapia.

This study includes a qualitative descriptive study that aims to explore the folklore of Kampung Pitu using a tourism literature approach. This approach focuses on the study of the phenomena of literary works, writers, literary festivals, and folklore that make a real contribution to the development of tourism. The data of this research are in the form of sentences in the folklore that developed in Pitu Village. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques, namely reduction, presentation, and dra-wing conclusions. The results showed that (1) the folklore in Kampung Pitu consists of the legend of the origin of Kampung Pitu, the myth of Telaga Guyangan, and the myth of Rasulan; (2) each story has an appeal in rules/laws, stories, and rituals; (3) developing folklore has the potential to become a tourist area branding. This branding needs to be supported by the metamorphosis of folklore into theatrical performances, ballet, short films, folklore books, or other narrative forms that can be used as promotions.Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi cerita rakyat Kampung Pitu menggunakan pendekatan sastra pariwisata. Pendekatan ini memfokuskan kajian pada fenomena karya sastra, sastrawan, festival sastra, dan cerita rakyat yang memberikan sumbangan nyata dalam perkembangan kepariwisataan. Data penelitian ini berupa kalimat dalam cerita rakyat yang berkembang di Kampung Pitu. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data, yaitu reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) cerita rakyat di Kampung Pitu terdiri atas Legenda asal-usul Kampung Pitu, mite Telaga Guyangan, dan mite Rasulan; (2) masing-masing cerita memiliki daya tarik dalam aturan/hukum, cerita, dan ritual; (3) cerita rakyat yang berkembang berpotensi untuk menjadi branding kawasan wisata. Branding ini perlu didukung oleh metamorfosis cerita rakyat menjadi pertunjukkan teater, sendratari, film pendek, buku cerita rakyat, atau bentuk narasi lain yang dapat digunakan sebagai promosi.

A simple culture system ‘common garden’ has been set up in Institute of Environmental and Marine Science (IEMS) Dumaguete City Philippines (N 09° 19' 52.8" and E 123° 18' 34.1") at the running seawater outdoor experiment tank aimed to monitor the variation of shoot density, leaf morphology and growth rates of marine plant genus Halodule. The mean shoot densities of Halodule pinifolia were varied and tend to decrease after the three month period of common garden. Using one-way ANOVA tests, significant differences were detected on the comparison among the months of common garden (F=6.400; p=0.005), mean leaf growth rate (mm/day) of H. pinifolia (F=13.510; p=0.000), and the mean leaf widths from Siquijor (F=9.274; p=0.001) among the three month period of common garden. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences detected on leaf width (mm) of H. pinifolia origin from Bantayan site, on mean leaf widths of H. uninervis from Bantayan, on mean leaf widths of H. uninervis from Banilad, and on mean leaf growth rate (mm) of H. uninervis among the three month period of common garden. The result suggests that the ‘common garden’ procedure could have possibly given a clearer pattern of genus Halodule leaf width, shoot density, and growth rate if the could be prolonged. It could also be suggested that an adequate number of shoot density on the initial procedure for ‘common garden’ should be properly determined. This is to avoid overcrowding of the samples later, when growth rate will tend to increase without compromising the leaf width and shoot density measurements. Keywords: common garden, seagrasses, shoot density, leaf width, growth rate, Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis. Sistem kultur Common Garden sederhana telah dibangun di Institute of Environmental and Marine Science (IEMS) Dumaguete City Philippines (09° 19' 52,8" LU dan 123° 18' 34,1" BT) dalam tangki penelitian di luar ruangan untuk memantau variasi kepadatan tunas, morfologi daun dan laju pertumbuhan rumput laut genus Halodule. Kepadatan tunas rata-rata Halodule pinifolia bervariasi dan cenderung menurun setelah periode tiga bulan. Menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah, perbedaan nyata terdeteksi pada pembandingan bulan (F = 6.400, p = 0,005), rata-rata laju pertumbuhan daun (mm/hari) H. pinifolia (F = 13,510, p = 0,000), dan rata-rata lebar daun dari Siquijor (F = 9,274, p = 0,001) antara ketiga bulan common garden. Sementara itu, tidak ada perbedaan nyata yang terdeteksi pada lebar daun (mm) H. pinifolia asal Bantayan, pada lebar daun rata-rata H. uninervis dari Bantayan, pada lebar daun rata-rata H. uninervis dari Banilad, dan laju pertumbuhan daun rata-rata (mm) dari H. uninervis dalam periode tiga bulan dari common garden. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa prosedur 'common garden' mungkin bisa memberikan pola yang lebih jelas tentang lebar daun, kepadatan tunas, dan laju pertumbuhan genus Halodule jika waktu bisa diperlama. Juga dapat disarankan bahwa kepadatan tunas pada prosedur awal common garden harus ditentukan dengan baik untuk menghindari kesesakan sampel di kemudian hari, karena laju pertumbuhan cenderung meningkat sehingga ukuran lebar daun dan kepadatan tunas tidak terpengaruhi. Kata kunci: common garden, lamun, kepadatan tunas, lebar daun, laju pertumbuhan, Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis.

This article discusses the problem of cadre formation in Muhammadiyah Mataram universities in the perspective of cadre norms. In full, cadres are those who have been completed in following all formal cadres, tested in informal cadres and have provisions through informal formation. Their existence is not only expected in the existence of the organization to be maintained, but also expected that the cadres will continue to carry out the mission of the organization's movement to the full. This type of research is quantitative explanatory research, with data collection techniques through library research and field work research. The results of the study show that regeneration occupies a very strategic position for the survival of Muhammadiyah as a community and Islamic missionary movement Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar. Cadreization must be of serious concern from all Muhammadiyah leaders and Muhammadiyah's charitable business leaders, especially in West Nusa Tenggara. The foundation of sincere intention to live Muhammadiyah and not only seek life in the Muhammadiyah as the message of the founder of the late KH. Ahmad Dahlan. The origins of the Kemuhammadiyahan strategic position holder in the Muhammadiyah charity business must be directly proportional to the cadre process that has been traversed on the basis of commitment and the complete and complete cadre norm.Keywords: cadre norms; cadre problems; Muhammadiyah universities.AbstrakArtikel ini membahas tentang problematika pengkaderan di Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah Mataram perspektif norma pengkaderan. Secara utuh kader adalah mereka yang telah tuntas dalam mengikuti seluruh pengkaderan formal, teruji dalam pengkaderan informal dan memiliki bekal melalui pengkaderan non formal. Keberadaan mereka bukan saja diharapkan dalam eksistensi organisasi tetap terjaga, melainkan juga diharapkan kader tetap akan membawa misi gerakan organisasi hingga paripurna. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksplanatif kuantitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui library research dan field work research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kaderisasi menempati posisi yang sangat strategis bagi kelangsungan hidup Muhammadiyah sebagai sebuah persyarikatan dan gerakan Islam dakwah amar ma'ruf nahi munkar. Kaderisasi menjadi perhatian yang sungguh-sungguh dari segenap pimpinan Muhammadiyah dan pimpinan amal usaha Muhammadiyah, terutama di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Landasan niat yang tulus untuk menghidup-hidupkan Muhammadiyah dan tidak semata mencari hidup dalam Muhammadiyah sebagaimana pesan sang pendirinya almarhum KH. Ahmad Dahlan. Asal-usul kemuhammadiyahan pemegang jabatan strategis di amal usaha Muhammadiyah harus berbanding lurus dengan proses pengkaderan yang telah dilalui atas dasar komitment dan norma pengkaderan secara tuntas dan paripurna.Kata kunci: norma pengkaderan; perguruan tinggi Muhammadiyah; problematika pengkaderan.

(Article History: Received 11 November 2020; Revised 9 January 2021; Accepted 18 January 2021) ABSTRAKGen ndhF telah digunakan sebagai salah satu barkode DNA pada genus Syzygium karena divergensi urutan asam aminonya lebih besar empat kali dibandingkan rbcL. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sekuen DNA dari gen ndhF pada durik-durik (Syzygium sp.) asal Riau. Metode penelitian meliputi isolasi DNA total menggunakan kit isolasi DNA (Genomic DNA Mini Kit Plant, Geneaid), PCR, elektroforesis menggunakan 1% gel agarosa, sekuensing dan analisis data menggunakan program BioEdit versi 7, BLASTn dan MEGA 6.0. Sekuen DNA dari gen ndhF durik-durik telah diperoleh dengan ukuran 1370 pb dan memiliki kemiripan paling tinggi dengan yang dimiliki oleh S. malaccense (99,71%) dan paling rendah dengan S. acuminatissimum (98,69%). Terdapat 26 variasi nukleotida di antara aksesi yang diteliti dan dua diantaranya merupakan nukleotida kritis. Durik-durik membentuk satu kelompok dengan S. malaccense dan S. aromaticum. Namun demikian, nama spesies durik-durik belum dapat ditentukan karena tidak ada aksesi yang memiliki kemiripan 100% dengan durik-durik.Kata kunci: Barkode DNA, Danau Kajuik, durik-durik, gen ndhF, Syzygium. ABSTRACTThe ndhF gene has been used as DNA barcode in Syzygium because the divergence of the amino acids sequence is four times greater than rbcL. This study was to analyze the DNA sequence of ndhF gene on durik-durik (Syzygium sp.) origin Riau. Methods included total DNA isolation using Genomic DNA Mini Kit Plant (Geneaid), PCR, electrophoresis using 1% agarose gel, sequencing and data analysis using BioEdit, BLASTn dan MEGA 6.0 programs. The DNA sequence of durik-durik ndhF gene was 1370 bp in size and had the higher similarity to the one of S. malaccense (99.71%) and the lower similarity to the one of S. acuminatissimum (98.69%). There were 26 nucleotide variations and two of them were critical nucleotides. Durik-durik formed one group with S. malaccense dan S. aromaticum. Nevertheless, the species name of durik-durik still unknown because there is no accessions having 100% similarity to durik-durik.Keywords: DNA barcode, durik-durik, Kajuik Lake, ndhF gene, Syzygium.

Teacher performance was a process in determining the achievement of the school's vision and mission. Operational activities were one of the most basic performances in schools. It required teachers' skills in their fields or professionals. The researcher chose MTs Negeri Batang as the object of research. These indicated an unfavorable working situation. These could show how important the role of madrasah principals is in improving teacher performance in the quality learning process, especially in administration. Application of academic supervision with workshop techniques can increase active learning by arranging learning administration. The focus of this research will be more to know the extent of teacher performance and also in learning administration at MTs Negeri Batang. This research uses Madrasah Action Research as a method. After proceeding in several cycles in data collection, the researchers found teachers who showed seriousness in understanding and compiling teaching administration which was origin 79.6% especially after receiving teaching administration development guidance from researchers so that there was a 98.1% increase in the average in the preparation of teaching administration by 18.5%. It could be proven from the results of observations of the quality of quasi-learning administration. These showed that there was an increase in teacher competence from cycle 1, scores 81 there are 4 people from 36 (11.2%) to cycle 2 who scores 81 there are 35 of 36 teachers (97.2%) so that there is an increase in the quality of administration learning by 86%. ABSTRAKKinerja guru merupakan sebuah proses dalam menentukan proses ketercapaian visi dan misi sekolah. Kegiatan operasional merupakan salah satu kinerja yang paling pokok di sekolah dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini tentunya memerlukan tenaga guru yang terampil dalam bidangnya atau profesional. Peneliti memilih MTs Negeri Batang sebagai obyek penelitian. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya situasi kerja yang kurang baik. Hal ini terlihat betapa penting peran kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru dalam proses pembelajaran yang bermutu terutama pada administrasi. Penerapan supervisi akademik dengan teknik workshop dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran aktif dengan menyusun administrasi pembelajaran. Selanjutnya, fokus dari penelitian ini akan lebih kepada mengetahui sejauh mana kinerja guru dalam administrasi pembelajaran di MTs Negeri Batang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Madrasah sebagai metode. Setelah berproses dalam beberapa siklus dalam pengambilan data, peneliti menemukan guru yang menunjukkan keseriusan dalam memahami dan menyusun administrasi mengajar yang semula 79,6% apalagi setelah mendapatkan bimbingan pengembangan administrasi mengajar dari peneliti sehingga terjadinya 98,1% peningkatan rata-rata dalam penyusunan administrasi mengajar sebesar 18,5%. Hal itu juga dapat dibuktikan dari hasil observasi kualitas administrasi pembelajaranan semu memperlihatkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kompetensi guru dari siklus 1 yang memperoleh nilai ? 81 ada 4 orangdari 36 (11,2%) ke siklus 2 yang memperoleh nilai ? 81 ada 35 dari 36 guru (97,2%) sehingga terjadinya peningkatan dalam kualitas administrasi pembelajaran sebesar 86%.

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) was first reported as a host of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in 2009 (4). In Slovenia, 10 young plants of cape gooseberry that were grown in a glasshouse were inspected in April 2011. Plants were multiplied from an adult plant of unknown origin. During sampling, the inspected plants showed no disease symptoms. Total RNA was extracted twice from leaves of five plants with an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay employing two pairs of semi-universal pospiviroid primers (Pospi1-RE/FW and Vid-RE/FW [3]) yielded amplicons of the expected size (approximately 196 and 360 bp) from each total RNA preparation. All four DNA products were sequenced directly (Macrogen, Amsterdam, the Netherlands). Sequence analysis confirmed the identity of a viroid as PSTVd. Further RT-PCRs using primer pairs of Shamloul et al. (2) and Di Serio (1) were made to obtain a full viroid sequence. The sequence was deposited in the NCBI GenBank under Accession No. JN543964. Sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the viroid as PSTVd. The Slovenian isolate had 358 nucleotides and was 100% identical to the cape gooseberry isolate from Germany (GenBank Accession No. EU862231) and the tomato isolate from New Zealand (GenBank Accession No. AF369530). The analyzed sample was the only sample of cape gooseberry taken from the start of the survey for PSTVd in 2006 because P. peruviana is rarely grown in Slovenia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PSTVd infection of P. peruviana in Slovenia and the fourth reported case after the detection of PSTVd infection in Germany, Turkey, and New Zealand. This emerging host for PSTVd could potentially serve as a source of infection for tomato and potato, where the viroid can cause severe losses. References: (1) F. Di Serio. J. Plant Pathol. 89:297, 2007. (2) A. M. Shamloul et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 19:89, 1997. (3) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:823, 2004. (4) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Plant Dis. 93:316, 2009.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui, 1) pemahaman dosen dan pegawai mengenai nilai-nilai budaya kerja Champion, 2) hambatan dalam implementasi nilai-nilai budaya kerja champion dosen dan pegawai dalam pelaksanaan Tupoksi, 3) mengidentifikasi peran pimpinan dalam pengembangan budaya kerja champion dosen dan pegawai, 4). Ketercapaian Tupoksi dosen dan pegawai, 5) pengaruh budaya kerja champion dosen dan pegawai terhadap ketercapaian pelaksanaan Tupoksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi guna menggali lebih dalam tentang Budaya kerja champion dosen dan pegawai administrasi FIP UNG. Objek penelitian ini adalah dosen dan pegawai sebanyak 93 orang. Penelitian ini menemukan pertama, fakta yang memperkuat hasil penelitian sebelumnya, persepsi pegawai tentang pelaksanaan Tupoksi berada pada kategori baik bersifat subjektif karena dipahami dari selesai atau tidaknya tupoksi, belum memperhatikan tingkat kepuasaan dan kualitas layanan pada pemangku kepentingan (stakeholders), kedua jati diri UNG, visi, misi FIP memberikan pengaruh bagi pengembangan budaya kerja dosen dan pegawai, ketiga nilai-nilai budaya kerja dosen dan pegawai yang dominan terdiri; a) kerjasama, b) inovasi, c) agama, d) orientasi berprestasi, e) empati, f). kejujuran, g) gotong royong, h) moral, i) optimis, j) hubungan, keempat filosofi kerja dosen dan pegawai terkonstruksi dari akulturasi budaya dan filosofi kerja dari entitas budaya asal yang dominan yakni budaya Gorontalo dengan filosofi adat bersendikan syarak-syarak bersendikan Al-qur’an, dan budaya gotong royong (huyula), entitas Bugis dan Makassar dengan filosofi Siri’ Na Passe ot Pacce, serta entitas Jawa dan sekitarnya memiliki filosofi wani ngalah luhur wahasane, kelima penampilan kerja yang menjadi perilaku, yakni; gotong royong (huyula), ikhlas menggunakan barang pribadi, zakat buku, penggunaan teknologi dalam perkuliahan dan urusan administrasi dan komitmen tidak merokok di lingkungan kampus FIP UNG, Masih ada beberapa penampilan kerja yang masih perlu sentuhan dalam pengembangan budaya kerja dosen dan pegawai secara terstruktur, sistematis dan massif (TSM).This study aims to determine, 1) understanding of faculty and staff in terms of the values of work culture Champion, 2) obstacles in the implementation of the cultural values of working champion faculty and staff in the implementation of Auth, 3) identify the role of leadership in the development of work culture champion lecturer and employees, 4). Auth achievement for faculty and employees, 5) the influence of work culture champion faculty and employees to the achievement of the implementation of the Auth. This study uses a qualitative method. Data were collected by interview, observation and documentation in order to dig deeper into the work culture champion lecturers and administrative staff FIP UNG. The object of this study are professors and employees a total of 93 people. This study found the first, a fact that reinforces the results of previous studies, employee perceptions about the implementation of the Auth is the good category is subjective because it is understood from finished or not duties, not pay attention to the level of satisfaction and quality of service on the stakeholders (stakeholders), both identities UNG, vision, mission FIP give effect to the development of work culture lecturers and employees, the three values of work culture and employee dominant lecturers comprising; a) cooperation, b) innovation, c) religion, d) achievement orientation, e) empathy, f). honesty, g) mutual cooperation, h) moral, i) optimistic, j) relationships, the four working philosophy faculty and employees are constructed of acculturation and philosophy of work of cultural entities origin dominant namely culture Gorontalo with the philosophy of custom bersendikan syarak-syarak bersendikan Al -qur'an, and culture of gotong royong (huyula), Bugis and Makassar entity with Siri philosophy of 'Na Passe ot Pacce, as well as Java and surrounding entities have relented wani sublime philosophy wahasane, working into the fifth appearance of behavior, namely; gotong royong (huyula), single-minded use of personal items, zakat books, the use of technology in the lecture and administrative affairs and a commitment not to smoke on campus FIP UNG, There are still some appearance of work that still needs to touch in the development of work culture lecturers and employees in a structured, systematic and massive (TSM).

Abstract A motorbike manufacturer which struggles to market their products is Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred as Honda Motor). This article investigated origin of Honda Motor’s logos and tried to describe the logos as superimposed advertisement displayed in a television program. The study applied a qualitative descriptive method. Data were taken from a commedy situation Overa van Java relayed on Trans7 television channel. The data are the Honda Motor’s logos displayed as superimposed advertisement. The results showed that Honda has denotation and connotation meanings. The company name was originated from the family name of the founder Soichiro Honda. However, there is also another meaning ‘Japanese rice’ due to marketing strategy which delivers cultural values due to promote Japanese products. The Honda Motor’s logos are a red-colored wing on a white background and a white-colored wing on a red background. The logos are discovered as the signified while the products of Honda Motors become the signifier. The logos slid with approximately 11 seconds of duration which depicted brand awareness. This study concludes that the superimposed advertisement employed mini images on the left corner of a television screen. The advertisement strategy is valuable to cause intention of the television audiences through the signifier and signified. Keywords: Logo, meaning, sign, signifier, signified, superimposed advertisement Abstrak Pabrikan sepeda motor yang berjuang untuk tetap memasarkan produknya adalah Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (selanjutnya disebut Honda Motor). Artikel ini menginvestigasi logo Honda Motor dan mendeskripsikan logo tersebut sebagai iklan superimposed yang ditayangkan dalam program televisi. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari situasi komedi Overa van Java yang ditayangkan pada saluran televisi Trans7. Data yang diperoleh berupa logo Honda Motor yang ditampilkan sebagai iklan superimposed. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Honda memiliki makna denotasi dan konotasi. Nama perusahaan berasal dari nama keluarga pendirinya, yaitu Soichiro Honda. Akan tetapi, terdapat makna lain 'beras Jepang' sebagai upaya strategi pemasaran yang memiliki nilai budaya untuk mempromosikan produk dari Jepang. Logo Honda Motor adalah sayap berwarna merah dengan latar belakang putih dan sayap berwarna putih dengan latar belakang merah. Logo-logo tersebut dinyatakan sebagai penanda sementara produk-produk Honda Motor menjadi petanda. Logo-logo ditampilkan saling berganti dengan durasi sekitar 11 detik untuk menyampaikan brand awareness. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa iklan superimposed menampilkan gambar berukuran kecil di sudut kiri layar televisi. Strategi iklan ini berupaya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dari penonton televisi melalui penanda dan petanda. Kata Kunci: Logo, makna, tanda, penanda, petanda, iklan superimposed

During a survey conducted in October 2013 in tomato greenhouses in Diano Marina (Imola Province, northwest Italy), in a single greenhouse, unusual disease symptoms were observed in four out 1,400 (~0.3%) of tomato plants cv. Ingrid, grafted on ‘Beaufort’ rootstock. Symptoms including shortened apical internodes associated with tiny, deformed, and brittle chlorotic leaves, while ripe fruits appeared reduced in size and pale red. Samples of leaves from the four plants were collected and examined using commercial antisera (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland) by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA against Tomato spotted wilt virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Tomato/Tobacco mosaic viruses, and by indirect plate trapped antigen (PTA)-ELISA against potyviruses (potygroup test). None of the tested viruses were detected in the four leaf samples. In addition, PCR tests for begomoviruses and phytoplasmas were also negative. In a host range study, the original symptoms, consisting mainly of stunting and chlorosis, were reproduced within ~10 days in tomato seedlings (Momor line), mechanically inoculated at two true leaves stage with sap extract obtained from the four symptomatic tomato plants, whereas no symptoms were observed in Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Nicotiana tabacum (cv. Xanthi nc), N. glutinosa, or Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. Borlotto rosso). Total RNAs extracted with the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) from symptomatic samples were tested in RT-PCR using pospiviroids generic primers PSTVd-32/33 (1), designed to amplify the whole genome of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd), and Columnea latent viroid (CLVd), and CEVd-FW/RE primers, designed to amplify the whole genome of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and TASVd (3). Each of the four samples yielded amplicons of the same size (364 bp) with both primer combinations. The identity of the viroid was then determined by sequencing, on both strands, amplicons obtained from the four symptomatic plants at MWG (Ebersberg, Germany). Sequences obtained were identical, showing the highest nucleotide identity (99.7%) with the TASVd isolate Sj1 (AM777161), identified in Germany on Solanum jasminoides. The sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. HG916812) and the field isolate named To1-IT. Two other cases of pospiviroid infection in tomato in Italy have been reported so far and the viroid species detected were PSTVd (2) and CLVd (4), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TASVd infecting tomato in Italy. The origin of this infection is still unclear, although based on the biological properties and sequence similarity, the To1-IT isolate probably originated from an ornamental species, most likely S. jasminoides, as recently reported for other tomato TASVd isolates, according to their biological and genetic features (5). References: (1) F. Di Serio. J. Plant Pathol. 89:297, 2007. (2) B. Navarro et al. J. Plant Pathol. 91:723, 2009. (3) N. Önelge. Turk. J. Agric. For. 21:419, 1997. (4) G. Parrella et al. Acta Hortic. 914:149, 2011. (5) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 133:803, 2012.

This essay demonstrates that it is impossible to appreciate the actions of the Italian communist Emilio Sereni without considering his Zionist background. Anyone who is interested in understanding the complexities of communism in the past century and to avoid simplistic conclusions about this ideology will benefit from the study. The problem at stake is that researchers often approach communism in a monolithic manner, which does not adequately explain the multiform manifestations (practical and theoretical) of that phenomenon. This ought to change and to this extent this essay hopes to contribute to that recent strand of historical research that challenges simplistic views on communism. More specifically, by analysing the Management Councils that Sereni created in postwar Italy, we can see that many of their features in fact derived from, or found their deepest origins in, his previous experience as a committed socialist Zionist. The study, then, also relates Sereni to and looks at the broader experiences of early twentieth-century Zionism and Italian communism in the early postwar years.

An experiment investigation is conducted to evaluate the use of sunflower oil methyl esters (bio-diesels) of Greek origin as supplements in the diesel fuel at blend ratios of 10/90 and 20/80, in a fully instrumented, six-cylinder, turbocharged and after-cooled, direct injection (DI),Mercedes –Benz, mini-bus diesel engine installed at the author`s laboratory. The tests are conducted using each of the above fuel blends, with the engine working at two speeds and three loads. Fuel consumption, exhaust smokiness and exhaust regulated gas emissions such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and total unburned hydrocarbons are measured. The diesel fuel and two bio-diesels are determined and compared.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan keberadaan cerita rakyat di Wilayah Kabupaten Cianjur. Cerita rakyat yang ada di Kabupaten Cianjur memiliki ragam jenis yang berbeda. Berdasarkan pada isi tersebut cerita rakyat itu ada yang tergolong mite, fabel, parabel, dan legenda. Keempat jenis ragam cerita ini masih cukup dikenal di dalam kehidupan masyarakat, baik anak-anak, remaja maupun dewasa. Dengan demikian jelaslah bahwa cerita rakyat, khususnya legenda merupakan materi yang dapat menciptakan berkembangnya cerita rakyat yang bercorak baru dan selaras dengan perkembangan zaman. Fungsi cerita rakyat khususnya legenda di Kabupaten Cianjur memiliki fungsi sebagai berikut: (1) Sebagai alat untuk mewariskan tata cara hidup, dat istiadat, dan kebiasaan, (2) Sebagai alat untuk mewariskan kepercayaan, (3) Sebagai alat untuk menyampaikan pendidikan, baik pendidikan lahir maupun batin, (4) Sebagai cara untuk meyampaikan asal-usul terjadinya hal-hal yang mengandung sejarah, (5) Sebagai alat hiburan, mengisi waktu senggang. Penutur cerita rakyat cukup beragam, baik umur, jenis kelamin maupun pekerjaan. Dilihat dari jenis kelamin penutur pria lebih banyak jika dibandingkan dengan wanita, umur penutur rata-rata berkisar dari 36-80 tahun. Adapun pekerjaan umumnya sebagai pendidik (guru). Para penutur umumnya orang-orang yang dianggap mengenal dengan baik daerahnya masing-masing dan dianggap cukup mampu untuk memberikan informasi tentang daerahnya. Para penutur ini umumnya bersuku Sunda. The aim of this study was to describe the presence of folklore in Cianjur Regency. The folklore in Cianjur Regency has a variety of types. Based on the contents, the folklore covers myth, fable, parable, and legend. The four types are still well known in public life, whether children, adolescents and adults. Thus, it is clear that the folklore, in particular the legend, is the material that can create a new development of folklore characters and in tune with the times. The functions of folklore, in particular legend, in Cianjur cover (1) as a means to pass on the way of life, traditions, and customs; (2) as a means to pass on trust; (3) as a means to deliver inner and outer education; (4) as a way to present the origin of the things that contains history; and (5) as a means of entertainment, to fill spare time. The folklore tellers are quite diverse in age, gender, or occupation. Mostly, they are men. The average age of the tellers ranged from 36-80 years old. Generally, they are educators (teachers). The tellers are commonly the people who are considered to know well their regions and are considered capable enough to provide information about the area. The tellers are generally the Sundanese.

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