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Journal articles on the topic 'Misure nucleari'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Mortilla, M., A. Federico, and N. De Stefano. "Uso della risonanza magnetica spettroscopica del protone nello studio delle malattie della sostanza bianca cerebrale." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 13, no. 1 (February 2000): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090001300113.

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La risonanza magnetica spettroscopica (MRS) è una tecnica non invasiva per la misura della concentrazione relativa di alcuni composti cerebrali. L'uso di questa tecnica nello studio delle malattie della materia bianca cerebrale ha apportato miglioramenti nella classificazione diagnostica e nelle misure relative all'andamento delle malattie. Un uso più estensivo delle tecniche di risonanza multimodale, comprendenti tomografia RM, spettroscopia ed altre modalità non convenzionali, dovrebbe quindi essere incoraggiato. Ciò permetterà una miglior comprensione della complessa dinamica dei cambiamenti patologici nelle malattie della sostanza bianca ed una più accurata valutazione della progressione e della risposta alla terapia della malattia stessa.

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2

Thorne, Simon. "The Misuse of Spreadsheets in the Nuclear Fuel Industry." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 25, no. 3 (July 2013): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2013070102.

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This paper considers the management, technological and human factor issues that led to the BNFL fuel rod spreadsheet data falsification incident in 1999. BNFL discovered in 1999 that some data supporting quality assurance and safety processes had been falsified by BNFL workers using spreadsheets. The implication of this finding was that some of the Mixed Oxide Fuel Pellets shipped to customers in Japan for use in nuclear reactors were of an unknown mass and quality. This meant that the use of the MOX pellets fuel produced by BNFL would introduce uncontrolled factors into the safe operation of nuclear reactors. This paper will examine the production of MOX pellets at the Sellafield site, the falsification of data and the report commissioned by HM Nuclear Inspectorate. The paper will then identify a number of managerial and technological failings that led BNFL to use spreadsheets for recording such data. Finally the paper analyses other cases of spreadsheet fraud and explores some strategies for reducing the likelihood and impact of spreadsheet errors and fraud.

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3

Wan, Wilfred. "Firewalling Nuclear Diffusion." International Studies Review 16, no. 2 (May 29, 2014): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/misr.12133.

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4

Kuzminski, Samuel Joseph. "Misuse of the Term Nonspecific." Journal of the American College of Radiology 13, no. 4 (April 2016): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2015.12.027.

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5

Preble, Christopher A. "The Influence of History on Nuclear Weapons Policy." International Studies Review 16, no. 1 (March 2014): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/misr.12107.

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6

Kroeger, Emily Alice, Alexander Rupp, and Joachim Gregor. "Misuse of a Medical Radioisotope." Health Physics 119, no. 1 (July 2020): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001245.

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7

Princ, Ivan. "Jaderné, radiologické a chemické zbraně, radiační a chemické havárie." Krízový manažment 21, no. 1 (2022): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/krm.c.2022.1.60-62.

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In addition to the professional description of the history of development and use of nuclear, radiological weapons, chemical weapons and radiation and chemical accident cases, their destructive effects and principles of protection against them the e-book also contains original case studies on the consequences of nuclear accidents and incidents such as Jaslovské Bohunice (Slovakia, 1971), Tree Mile Island (USA, 1979), Chernobyl (Ukraine, 1986), Fukushima (Japan, 2011) and also oncerning hitherto known and potential scenarios of so-called CBRN terrorism using radioactive materials. In the field of nuclear and radiological weapons, the e-book also contains a historical excursion into past nuclear crises and the subsequent period of nuclear disarmament efforts in the world. In their e-book, the authors also address the secondary effects of depleted uranium munitions on both the population and soldiers at the sites of use of these munitions in the war in the states of the former ugoslavia in the 1990s. In the field of chemical weapons and chemical accidents, the e-book contains case studies of the misuse of neuroparalytic substances such as "Novičok" from the Russian military chemical project "Foliant".

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8

Michael, George. "Assessing the Link Between Civilian Nuclear Assistance and the Proliferation Risk." International Studies Review 15, no. 3 (August 4, 2013): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/misr.12050.

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9

Sullivan, Edith V. "Liability of Youthful Alcohol Misuse." Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 3, no. 7 (July 2018): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.04.011.

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10

Agati, R., R. D'Alessandro, L. Fiorani, A. Righini, and M. Leonardi. "Valutazione quantitativa dell'atrofia cerebrale in tomografia computerizzata." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 5, no. 2 (May 1992): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099200500206.

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L'impiego in TC di misure oggettive del grado di dilatazione degli spazi subaracnoidei e ventricolari è stato sempre ricercato, ma raramente con successo, per la difficoltà di riprodurre le misure non solo fra diversi autori ma anche nell'esperienza del singolo. Scopo di questo lavoro è operare una revisione degli articoli pubblicati dal 1982 ad oggi per valutare se sia possibile proporre una metodica di ampia e semplice applicazione. Se l'indice dei corni frontali è diffusamente impiegato per valutare la dilatazione ventricolare e mostra una buona correlazione con l'atrofia cerebrale, non sembra esistere un indice altrettanto affidabile che possa essere utilizzato per la valutazione della dilatazione degli spazi subaracnoidei. Abbiamo pensato di proporre un indice di area basato sul rapporto fra superficie degli spazi subaracnoidei e superficie dell'area interna del cranio. L'indice descritto è attualmente in uso e ci riserviamo di riferire più avanti su una sua eventuale validazione statistica.

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11

Kearney, V., G. Valdes, and T. D. Solberg. "Deep Learning Misuse in Radiation Oncology." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 102, no. 3 (November 2018): S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.06.174.

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12

Kessler, G., C. Broeders, W. Hoebel, B. Goel, and D. Wilhelm. "A new scientific solution for preventing the misuse of reactor-grade plutonium as nuclear explosive." Nuclear Engineering and Design 238, no. 12 (December 2008): 3429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.07.021.

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13

Isakhova, Shakhlo Mukhtorovna. "HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF BIOETHICS." Journal of Central Asian Social Research 01, no. 01 (August 22, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/jcass/volume01issue01-a8.

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This article is about the formation and historical philosophical roots of bioethics. The conditions and factors for the emergence of bioethics can be explained as follows: the introduction of commercial medicine, the strict struggle to respect the rights of patients, as well as the interests of health workers, the introduction of insurance medicine, legislation, clergy and other religious institutions and organizations, codes of ethics created in different countries. The need to establish international committees on bioethics to prevent all attempts to misuse modern medical advances for undesirable purposes, including the use of bacteriological, chemical and nuclear weapons.

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14

Yadav, Prabhu Ray. "Militarisation and Privatisation of Outer Space: A Grave Threat to Humanity." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 19, no. 2 (October 10, 2021): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.39447.

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Nations are spending millions of amounts in amassing arms and nuclear weapons on Earth and even in Space. Such a situation is bound to lead humanity to the brink of a catastrophic war on Earth and even in Space. In this context, sensible human beings should oppose all war-mongering activities that could ultimately invite the very extinction of humanity. This paper tries to emphasize the consequences of the misuse of arms and ammunition on Earth and in Space. This paper focuses on spreading the need for co-existence of people worldwide and eschews the thoughts of waging a war that may wipe out the humanity’s face from the Earth.

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15

Coble, Jamie, and Dave Meier. "Monitoring Aqueous Reprocessing Systems for Detection of Facility Misuse." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 66, no. 4 (April 2019): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2019.2900583.

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16

Huda, Khoirul. "Analisis Kebutuhan Sistem Deteksi Radiasi terhadap Bahan Radioaktif di Luar Kendali Pengawasan." Jurnal Pengawasan Tenaga Nuklir 2, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53862/jupeten.v2i1.004.

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The Need Analysis of Radiation Detection System for Radioactive Materials Out of Regulatory Control. Radioactive materials out of regulatory control (MORC) can threaten human life because they can misuse these materials for terrorism or other illegal acts. Therefore, must prevention of acts of terrorism using radioactive materials by preventing the emergence of MORC itself through nuclear security means, including installing radiation detection systems at borders and entrances to the country's territory. Therefore, it is necessary to know the installation points, and the number of detection devices installed to install the detection system. However, until now, there has been no analysis of the need to install the system in Indonesia. In this study, a qualitative analysis has been carried out using secondary data on the need for a radioactive material detection system in border areas and entrances to the country. The analysis results show the high demand for installation of the detection system and the vast gap between the number of detection devices currently available and those needed. Keywords: MORC, nuclear security of MORC, radiation detection system, RPM.

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17

Thompson, Lee, Katharina Aymanns, Irmgard Niemeyer, Christiane Vieh, and Michael Weekes. "The use of muon radiography in safeguarding geological repositories." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-279-2021.

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Abstract. Muon radiography is a technique that harnesses naturally occurring cosmic radiation to noninvasively determine the density of an object of interest. The technique has many similarities to that of medical X-ray examinations and can supply detailed density maps of the object. We propose the application of muon radiography to aspects of the long-term monitoring of nuclear waste. In particular, muon radiography would provide valuable information on the overburden of a prospective underground geological repository and would be able to identify unknown features, such as undocumented underground passages. Similarly, muon tomography is capable of confirming that containers that have nominally been emptied are in fact empty. Such safeguard measures are important to maintain continuity of knowledge and to develop robust deterrent strategies against the removal of monitored nuclear material. The presentation focuses on the results of simulations that address some of these questions. Details of assumptions regarding the detector requirements and run times necessary to perform the imaging are discussed and results from the various removal and misuse scenarios are presented.

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18

Cipiti, Benjamin B., and Nathan Shoman. "Bulk Handling Facility Modeling and Simulation for Safeguards Analysis." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2018 (October 4, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3967621.

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The Separation and Safeguards Performance Model (SSPM) uses MATLAB/Simulink to provide a tool for safeguards analysis of bulk handling nuclear processing facilities. Models of aqueous and electrochemical reprocessing, enrichment, fuel fabrication, and molten salt reactor facilities have been developed to date. These models are used for designing the overall safeguards system, examining new safeguards approaches, virtually testing new measurement instrumentation, and analyzing diversion scenarios. The key metrics generated by the models include overall measurement uncertainty and detection probability for various material diversion or facility misuse scenarios. Safeguards modeling allows for rapid and cost-effective analysis for Safeguards by Design. The models are currently being used to explore alternative safeguards approaches, including more reliance on process monitoring data to reduce the need for destructive analysis that adds considerable burden to international safeguards. Machine learning techniques are being applied, but these techniques need large amounts of data for training and testing the algorithms. The SSPM can provide that training data. This paper will describe the SSPM and its use for applying both traditional nuclear material accountancy and newer machine learning options.

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19

Fiorentini, Enrico. "From International Regime Construction to Action: The Past, Present, and Future of Bargaining the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty." International Studies Review 17, no. 3 (September 2015): 479–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/misr.12240.

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20

Ringash, Jolie. "Re: Misuse of Quality of Life Evaluation in Oncology Studies." Practical Radiation Oncology 9, no. 6 (November 2019): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prro.2019.07.016.

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21

Sherer, D. M., and O. Langer. "Oligohydramnios: use and misuse in clinical management." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 18, no. 5 (November 2001): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.00570.x.

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22

Suzuki, Mitsutoshi, and Norichika Terao. "Solution Monitoring Evaluated by Proliferation Risk Assessment and Fuzzy Optimization Analysis for Safeguards in a Reprocessing Process." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/590684.

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Solution monitoring (SM) has been used in a nuclear reprocessing plant as an additional measure to provide assurance that the plant is operated as declared. The inline volume and density monitoring equipment with dip tubes is important for safety and safeguards purposes and is a typical example of safeguards by design (SBD). Recently safety, safeguards, and security by design (3SBD) are proposed to promote an efficient and effective generation of nuclear energy. In 3SBD, proliferation risk assessment has the potential to consider likelihood of the incidence and proliferation risk in safeguards. In this study, risk assessment methodologies for safeguards and security are discussed and several mathematical methods are presented to investigate risk notion applied to intentional acts of facility misuse in an uncertainty environment. Proliferation risk analysis with the Markov model, deterrence effect with the game model, and SBD with fuzzy optimization are shown in feasibility studies to investigate the potential application of the risk and uncertainty analyses in safeguards. It is demonstrated that the SM is an effective measurement system using risk-informed and cost-effective SBD, even though there are inherent difficulties related to the possibility of operator’s falsification.

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23

Poznanski, A. K. "Historic perspective on the use and misuse of radiologic information." American Journal of Roentgenology 161, no. 5 (November 1993): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.161.5.8273627.

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24

Fang, Z. Y., G. Lopez Castro, and J. Pestieau. "Use and misuse of the Breit-Wigner formula." Il Nuovo Cimento A 100, no. 2 (August 1988): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02804915.

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25

Saletti, A., F. Calzolari, S. Ceruti, and R. Tamarozzi. "Misura con Angio-TC delle stenosi della biforcazione carotidea." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 9, no. 2_suppl (November 1996): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19714009960090s215.

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Scopi del presente studio sono il confronto tra angio-TC ed angiografia digitalizzata intaarteriosa nello studio delle biforcazioni carotidee, la descrizione del metodo utilizzato in angio-TC per la quantificazione delle stenosi e la discussione dell'eventuale collocazione dell'angio-TC nel protocollo di studio di questa patologia. La nostra casistica comprende 16 pazienti, 12 maschi e 4 femmine, di età compresa tra 52 e 78 anni, sottoposti preventivamente ad esame ultrasonografico delle biforcazioni carotidee, risultato positivo per patologia ateromasica. Sono state studiate con angio-TC 32 biforcazioni carotidee, utilizzando un apparecchio Elscint CT Twin II.I dati sono stati acquisiti in maniera continua, con tecnica volumetrica (double helix - dual slice) per un tempo di scansione complessivo di 24 secondi. Sono stati somministrati 80 ml di mezzo di contrasto non ionico (300 mg I / 100 ml) per via endovenosa. Le acquisizioni sono state ottenute utilizzando una collimazione del fascio di 2,5 mm ed una velocità di spostamento del tavolo di 3,7 mm / sec (pitch 0,7). Le immagini «angiografiche» sono state successivamente ricostruite utilizzando l'algoritmo «maximum intensity projection» (MIP). Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad angiografia digitalizzata intraarteriosa; ogni biforcazione carotidea è stata analizzata attraverso almeno 2 proiezioni angiografiche. La percentuale di stenosi è stata determinata secondo i criteri del North American Symptomatic Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). Una concordanza globale tra le due metodiche nella misura dei diametri carotidei si è verificata in 23/32 casi (71,8%). La stenosi è stata sovrastimata dall'angio-TC rispetto all'angiografia digitalizzata in 6/32 casi (18,8%); in 3 casi (9,4%) la stenosi è stata sottostimata dall'angio-TC. Aspetti peculiari dell'angio-TC sono la possibilità di analisi della biforcazione in qualsiasi proiezione (rotazione delle immagini MIP), la precisa misurazione delle stenosi (ottenibile nelle immagini assiali) e l'individuazione delle componenti molli e/o calcifiche delle placche ateromasiche. La rapidità di acquisizione dei dati riduce al minimo l'evenienza di artefatti da movimento. A nostro parere l'angio-TC potrebbe essere attualmente eseguita dopo l'esame ultrasonografico e prima dell'eventuale endarterectomia per ottenere una ulteriore rappresentazione della biforcazione carotidea quando angio-RM e angiografia sono controindicate, quando l'angio-RM o l'angiografia forniscono reperti di dubbia interpretazione ed infine se necessario dimostrare la morfologia della placca o altre alterazioni della parete arteriosa (ad esempio aneurismi trombizzati).

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26

Smail, J. Kenneth. "The Giving of Hostages." Politics and the Life Sciences 16, no. 1 (March 1997): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400020293.

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In contrast to recent political, scholarly, and public misuse of the term, this essay articulates a more accurate definition of the hostage concept. This definition is not only consistent with a broad range of etymological sources, but is also in agreement with numerous examples from the historical and anthropological record. A possible application of the hostage idea to mid/late-twentieth-century superpower relationships, involving a distinctively different approach to nuclear deterrence, is also described. Attention is further called to the fact that the giving of hostages as confidence-building “emissaries of trust” incorporates several attributes that might be of interest to contemporary evolutionary theorists. A closer examination of the biological and behavioral underpinnings, the historical and anthropological precedents, and the political and psychological efficacy of this ancient idea might therefore prove to be a fruitful area for future empirical and theoretical research.

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27

Steinnes, E. "Some comments on misuse of terms related to chemical analysis." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 272, no. 1 (February 3, 2007): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-6991-0.

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28

Vaishali S Pawar and Ajit Sontakke. "Impact of tobacco use on oxidative stress in cataract." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 6, 2020): 2942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2382.

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Even today, the leading cause of visual impairment is age related cataract. Among the risk factors for cataract, tobacco is one of the modifiable risk factors. Association between smoking and increased oxidative stress among cataract patients has been shown by some studies. But studies related to smokeless tobacco use are not done. The aim of the study was to estimate oxidative stress by markers like enzymatic antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxiation product Malondialdehyde (MDA) in tobacco user age related cataract (ARC) subjects and compare them with tobacco nonuser age related cataract (ARC) subjects. This cross sectional study was performed in 120 subjects divided into 2 groups – 60 tobacco nonuser age related cataract subjects and 60 tobacco user age related cataract subjects. 60 tobacco user cataract subjects divided into 5 groups - tobacco smokers, tobacco chewers, tobacco mishri users, dual tobacco chewers with mishri users and dual smokers with smokeless tobacco users. Oxidative stress was assessed by estimation of erythrocytic SOD and serum MDA. The study showed that in tobacco user group age of cataract patients was significantly less than tobacco nonuser cataract patients (P<0.05). Serum MDA levels were significantly high and erythrocytic SOD levels were significantly low in tobacco user cataract patients than tobacco nonuser cataract patients (P<0.001). Nuclear cataract was significantly more in tobacco user group (P<0.05). On comparison of subtypes of cataract in tobacco user subgroup, no significant difference was found. These results suggested that age related Cataract occurs at an earlier age in tobacco users due to increased oxidative stress. Also nuclear cataract was significantly associated with tobacco use.

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29

Suzuki, Masakazu, Yoichi Kunii, and Hirotsugu Kanno. "Current status and issues in environmental policy regarding conservation and utilization of A-bombed trees in Hiroshima and Nagasaki." Impact 2020, no. 3 (May 13, 2020): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.3.45.

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Japan is the only country that has been attacked by nuclear weapons, having been hit twice – at Hiroshima and Nagasaki – in the 1945 bombing during World War II. 75 years later, the two cities appear as successful as any city unaffected by bombing as reconstruction and developments have erased the scars left by these devastating events. The remaining human A-bomb survivors are ageing, and numbers decline year by year, leaving fewer living reminders of the misery of nuclear weapons. However, scattered throughout the two cities, stark living survivors of the two blasts rise, each marked by the bombs. The A-bombed trees, which represent a variety of species, provide a living reminder of the catastrophic events as their trunks lean towards Ground Zero. Professor Emeritus Masakazu Suzuki, from the Faculty of Art and Design at the University of Tsukuba, notes that while many visitors and denizens of the two cities go about their days unaware of the existence of these trees, there are 160 trees in Hiroshima and approximately 30 in Nagasaki within a three-kilometre radius of Ground Zero. Suzuki leads a team that seeks to inform the general public about the existence and key characteristics of these remarkable trees. His aim is to ensure the conservation of the trees as well as promoting them as a living national asset and reminder of the atrocities of nuclear weapons.

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Baltzley, Dennis R., Robert S. Kennedy, and Janet J. Turnage. "Assessing Fitness-for-Duty: An Alternative to Problems Associated with Drug Testing in the Workplace." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 13 (October 1989): 816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301310.

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A projected 20-33% of U.S. companies are involved in some type of drug screening. usually, the larger companies implement these programs with over 50% of the Fortune 500 companies reporting testing (Walsh, 1988). In federally regulated industry the percentage of drug screening varies as a function of public safety. For example, 91% of the utilities have a program, as do 81% of the transportation industry, 45% of manufacturing, 34.5% of the communications industry. Industry, both public and private, is becoming increasingly aware of the price paid by the organization and the individual when alcohol/drug misuse is present in the workplace. Some of these testing programs use a least intrusive approach and screen only after an accident, fight, or other “probable cause” event (Walsh, 1988). However, many organizations administer programs on a regular basis through random testing (NIDA, 1988). These organizations include the Department of Transportation, Coast Guard, Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Navy, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Treasury, Customs, Secret Service, Central Intelligence Agency, U.S. Postal Service, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and many public utilities.

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31

Contento, G., G. Fabris, M. Leonardi, G. Belloni, and G. Bonaldi. "Dose al paziente nelle procedure neuroradiologiche per il trattamento dell'ernia discale lombare." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 2, no. 1_suppl (February 1989): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19714009890020s111.

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Si sono valutate le dosi agli organi del paziente nelle procedure neuroradiologiche della chemonucleolisi e della nucleoaspirazione con misure dirette della dose d'ingresso e del prodotto dose-area in un campione di 25 pazienti. L'equivalente di dose efficace medio è risultato essere di 0,50 milliSv per una chemonucleolisi e di 1,20 milliSv per una nucleoaspirazione. Tale equivalente di dose non è dissimile da quello impartito da esami radiodiagnostici semplici della parte inferiore del tronco ed è 10–20 volte inferiore a quello dei più frequenti studi radiologici complessi come l'urografia, il tubo digerente e il clisma opaco. Il rischio da radiazioni associato all'intero iter terapeutico delle procedure considerate, comprendente la fase diagnostica, il trattamento e il follow-up, risulta contenuto in 240 fatalità per milione di pazienti trattati.

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32

Bartolini, A., B. Gasparetto, F. Roncallo, L. Sullo, and L. Giberti. "Misura del flusso cerebrale regionale con Angio-TC ed elaborazione delle immagini." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 10, no. 2_suppl (October 1997): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19714009970100s248.

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An image of rCBF is generated by dividing the images of vascular volume and of intracerebral mean transit time obtained by an angio-CT sequence. This image is comparable to that obtained by Xe-CT as far as the distribution of rCBF is concerned. On quantitative grounds however, it shows larger rCBF values due to the valorization of high flow compartments corresponding to non-nutritional vessels.

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33

Terezakis, Stephanie A., Robert M. Tuttle, Ashok R. Shaha, and Nancy Y. Lee. "In Reply to Drs. Mehrotra and Mishra." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 76, no. 1 (January 2010): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.08.045.

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34

Romano, R., R. Lamanna, M. T. Santini, and P. L. Indovina. "Confronto di spettri protonici cellulari mediante l'algoritmo di normalizzazione MaSNAl." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 13, no. 1 (February 2000): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090001300107.

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La spettroscopia con risonanza magnetica nucleare è utilizzata, in modo sempre crescente, per studi sia in vivo che in sistemi biologici in vitro, per esaminare variazioni indotte dall'azione di agenti chimici, fisici e biologici. In questo tipo di studi si effettua, in genere, un confronto tra le intensità dei segnali di campioni controllo con campioni trattati per poter ricavare delle informazioni sull'azione dell'agente. I metodi di confronto finora adottati consistono nel quantificare, mediante l'utilizzo di una sostanza di riferimento interna od esterna ai campioni, i segnali nei singoli spettri e nel confrontarne i valori. In questo lavoro, viene presentato un nuovo metodo di confronto, che consiste nel normalizzare gli spettri mediante un nuovo algoritmo. Esso fa riferimento ai segnali nella loro totalità e non richiede, per ottenere informazioni quantitative sulle variazioni relative, di alcuna sostanza di riferimento ( standard). In particolare, l'algoritmo è fondato sulla massimizzazione, mediante una opportuna misura a segno variabile, delle regioni di sovrapposizione degli spettri. L'algoritmo è stato verificato con simulazioni Monte Carlo e con esperimenti di laboratorio, che ne dimostrano l'affidabilità, la precisione e la sensibilità. Infine, è stato applicato a spettri relativi a campioni cellulari per dimostrarne l'applicabilità a campioni biologici reali.

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Pham, Matthew, Barry Kendell, Glenn Reside, Ceib Phillips, and Raymond White. "A multimodal analgesic protocol reduced opioid use/misuse after third molar surgery." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 128, no. 6 (December 2019): e223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2019.07.017.

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De Luca, V., and A. Riotto. "A note on the abundance of primordial black holes: Use and misuse of the metric curvature perturbation." Physics Letters B 828 (May 2022): 137035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137035.

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Griscom, N. Thorne. "The misuse of our intellectual resources: an unacknowledged problem of radiology at the millennium." Pediatric Radiology 30, no. 2 (January 27, 2000): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002470050030.

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Aprile, I., G. Tommasini, R. Budai, E. Biasizzo, A. Lavaroni, S. D'Agostini, and G. Fabris. "Meningiomi intracranici: Rapporto tra edema perilesionale, vascolarizzazione e altri aspetti neuroradiologici." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 9, no. 2 (April 1996): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099600900201.

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Attraverso una valutazione retrospettiva di 26 casi di meningiomi intracranici abbiamo voluto correlare l'entità dell'edema perilesionale con determinati aspetti neuroradiologici. La valutazione dei risultati è stata effettuata con metodi statistici ed è emersa una significativa correlazione fra l'entità dell'edema e la presenza di compressione corticale, l'apporto vascolare prevalente da vasi piali e, in misura minore, le dimensioni del tumore. Questi rilievi possono risultare importanti al fine di dimostrare l'ipotesi di un ruolo attivo delle cellule neoplastiche nella genesi della sofferenza del tessuto cerebrale adiacente (edema citotossico).

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Brezinka, Christoph. "Nonmedical Use of Ultrasound in Pregnancy: Ethical Issues, Patients' Rights and Potential Misuse." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 36, no. 8 (August 2010): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.04.004.

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40

Ojino, Mayo, Sumito Yoshida, Takashi Nagata, Masami Ishii, and Makoto Akashi. "First Successful Pre-Distribution of Stable Iodine Tablets Under Japan’s New Policy After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 3 (December 8, 2016): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.125.

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AbstractStable iodine tablets are effective in reducing internal exposure to radioactive iodine, which poses a risk for thyroid cancer and other conditions. After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, the Japanese government shifted its policy on stable iodine tablet distribution from “after-the-fact” to “before-the-fact” and instructed local governments to pre-distribute stable iodine tablets to residents living within a 5-km radius of nuclear facilities. The nation’s first pre-distribution of stable iodine tablets was carried out in June and July of 2014 in Kagoshima Prefecture. Health surveys were conducted so that the medication would not be handed out to people with the possibility of side effects. Of the 4715 inhabitants in the area, 132 were found to require a physician’s judgment, mostly to exclude risks of side effects. This was considered important to prevent the misuse of the tablets in the event of a disaster. The importance of collective and individualized risk communication between physicians and inhabitants at the community health level was apparent through this study. Involvement of physicians through the regional Sendai City Medical Association was an important component of the pre-distribution. Physicians of the Sendai City Medical Association were successfully educated by using the Guidebook on Distributing and Administering Stable Iodine Tablets prepared by the Japan Medical Association and Japan Medical Association Research Institute with the collaboration of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences and the Japanese government. Thus, the physicians managed to make decisions on the dispensing of stable iodine tablets according to the health conditions of the inhabitants. All physicians nationwide should be provided continuing medical education on stable iodine tablets. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:365–369)

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Al-Sabagh, Yasmine, Hayley Hope Allyssa Thorpe, Bryan William Jenkins, Shahnaza Hamidullah, Malik Asfandyaar Talhat, Cara Beth Suggett, Cristine Joelle Reitz, Mina Rasouli, Tami Avril Martino, and Jibran Younis Khokhar. "Rev-erbα Knockout Reduces Ethanol Consumption and Preference in Male and Female Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 5197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095197.

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Alcohol use is a contributor in the premature deaths of approximately 3 million people annually. Among the risk factors for alcohol misuse is circadian rhythm disruption; however, this connection remains poorly understood. Inhibition of the circadian nuclear receptor REV-ERBα is known to disrupt molecular feedback loops integral to daily oscillations, and impact diurnal fluctuations in the expression of proteins required for reward-related neurotransmission. However, the role of REV-ERBα in alcohol and substance use-related phenotypes is unknown. Herein, we used a Rev-erbα knockout mouse line and ethanol two-bottle choice preference testing to show that disruption of Rev-erbα reduces ethanol preference in male and female mice. Rev-erbα null mice showed the lowest ethanol preference in a two-bottle choice test across all genotypes, whereas there were no ethanol preference differences between heterozygotes and wildtypes. In a separate experiment, alcohol-consuming wildtype C57Bl/6N mice were administered the REV-ERBα/β inhibitor SR8278 (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) for 7 days and alcohol preference was evaluated daily. No differences in alcohol preference were observed between the treatment and vehicle groups. Our data provides evidence that genetic variation in REV-ERBα may contribute to differences in alcohol drinking.

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Barreales, Eva G., Ángel Rumbero, Tamara D. Payero, Antonio de Pedro, Ester Jambrina, and Jesús F. Aparicio. "Structural and Bioactivity Characterization of Filipin Derivatives from Engineered Streptomyces filipinensis Strains Reveals Clues for Reduced Haemolytic Action." Antibiotics 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070413.

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The rise in the number of immunocompromised patients has led to an increased incidence of fungal infections, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, misuse of antifungals has boosted the number of resistant strains to these agents; thus, there is urgent need for new drugs against these infections. Here, the in vitro antifungal activity of filipin III metabolic intermediates has been characterized against a battery of opportunistic pathogenic fungi—Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichosporon cutaneum, Trichosporon asahii, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus—using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. Structural characterization of these compounds was undertaken by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) following HPLC purification. Complete NMR assignments were obtained for the first time for filipins I and II. In vitro haemolytic assays revealed that the haemolytic action of these compounds relies largely on the presence of a hydroxyl function at C26, since derivatives lacking such moiety show remarkably reduced activity. Two of these derivatives, 1′-hydroxyfilipin I and filipin I, show decreased toxicity towards cholesterol-containing membranes while retaining potent antifungal activity, and could constitute excellent leads for the development of efficient pharmaceuticals, particularly against Cryptococcosis.

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Schoch-Spana, Monica, Emily Brunson, Hannah Chandler, Gigi Kwik Gronvall, Sanjana Ravi, Tara Kirk Sell, and Matthew P. Shearer. "Recommendations on How to Manage Anticipated Communication Dilemmas Involving Medical Countermeasures in an Emergency." Public Health Reports 133, no. 4 (May 30, 2018): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354918773069.

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National investments to facilitate prompt access to safe and effective medical countermeasures (MCMs) (ie, products used to diagnose, prevent, protect from, or treat conditions associated with chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear threats, or emerging infectious diseases) have little merit if people are not willing to take a recommended MCM during an emergency or inadvertently misuse or miss out on a recommended MCM during an emergency. Informed by the Expert Working Group on MCM Emergency Communication, the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security developed recommendations for achieving desired public health outcomes through improved MCM communication based on a review of model practices in risk communication, crisis communication, and public warnings; detailed analysis of recent health crises involving MCMs; and development of a scenario depicting future MCM communication dilemmas. The public’s topics of concern, emotional requirements, capacity for processing information, and health needs will evolve as an emergency unfolds, from a pre-event period of routine conditions, to a crisis state, to a post-event period of reflection. Thus, MCM communication by public health authorities requires a phased approach that spans from building up a reputation as a trusted steward of MCMs between crises to developing recovery-focused messages about applying newly acquired data about MCM safety, efficacy, and accessibility to improve future situations.

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Brink, James A., and T. Robin Goodman. "FOURTH ANNUAL WARREN K. SINCLAIR KEYNOTE ADDRESS: THE USE AND MISUSE OF RADIATION IN MEDICINE." Health Physics 95, no. 5 (November 2008): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hp.0000326344.60097.4c.

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Bartolini, A., B. Gasparetto, F. Roncallo, L. Sullo, and L. Giberti. "Misure di flusso cerebrale, tempo di transito, volume vascolare e permebilità di barriera nelle lesioni ischemiche con immagini funzionali derivate dall'angio-TC." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 10, no. 2_suppl (October 1997): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19714009970100s249.

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Transit time, vascular volume, blood brain barrier permeability and rCBF images, obtained by computerized analysis of Angio-CT, were applied to the study of cerebral ischemic patients. Our results show a considerable increase in information with respect to conventional contrast examination.

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Nowak, Aleksander J., and Borna Relja. "The Impact of Acute or Chronic Alcohol Intake on the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 9407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249407.

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Ethanol misuse is frequently associated with a multitude of profound medical conditions, contributing to health-, individual- and social-related damage. A particularly dangerous threat from this classification is coined as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a liver condition caused by prolonged alcohol overconsumption, involving several pathological stages induced by alcohol metabolic byproducts and sustained cellular intoxication. Molecular, pathological mechanisms of ALD principally root in the innate immunity system and are especially associated with enhanced functionality of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. NF-κB is an interesting and convoluted DNA transcription regulator, promoting both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Thus, the abundancy of studies in recent years underlines the importance of NF-κB in inflammatory responses and the mechanistic stimulation of inner molecular motifs within the factor components. Hereby, in the following review, we would like to put emphasis on the correlation between the NF-κB inflammation signaling pathway and ALD progression. We will provide the reader with the current knowledge regarding the chronic and acute alcohol consumption patterns, the molecular mechanisms of ALD development, the involvement of the NF-κB pathway and its enzymatic regulators. Therefore, we review various experimental in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the research on ALD, including the recent active compound treatments and the genetic modification approach. Furthermore, our investigation covers a few human studies.

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Reed, Katherine, Sara Shipley Hiles, and Peter Tipton. "Sense and Nonsense: Teaching Journalism and Science Students to Be Advocates for Science and Information Literacy." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 74, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695819834415.

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Long before “fake news” became a catchphrase, misguided beliefs about scientific truths undermined the free exercise of democracy and personal decision-making. Journalistic norms such as providing false balance in the name of “objectivity,” deliberate manipulation by vested interests, and the human tendency toward confirmation bias combined to enable the dissemination of damaging misinformation about tobacco, climate change, vaccines, nuclear power, genetically modified foods, and other topics critical to the health and welfare of the modern world. This article examines an innovative new course designed to teach a mixed group of journalism and science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) majors to evaluate expertise and bias, examine data and misrepresentation, and develop evidence-based communication on complex scientific topics. The course covered concepts such as fact-checking, validation, fraud, the “backfire effect,” confirmation bias, limitations of the scientific method, conspiracy theories, misuse of statistics, and the role of journalists and scientists as truth-tellers in society. Journalism and science students learned to communicate with each other and with their respective audiences. A series of critical thinking assignments culminated in a final project where students, working in mixed teams, developed an interactive multimedia project communicating a controversial science topic to the public. This interdisciplinary course is offered as one model for teaching science literacy and information literacy to journalism and STEM students.

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D’ASCENZO, FABRIZIO, ERIKA CAVALLERO, GIUSEPPE BIONDI-ZOCCAI, CLAUDIO MORETTI, PIERLUIGI OMEDÈ, MARIO BOLLATI, DAVIDE CASTAGNO, MARIA GRAZIA MODENA, FIORENZO GAITA, and IMAD SHEIBAN. "Use and Misuse of Multivariable Approaches in Interventional Cardiology Studies on Drug-Eluting Stents: A Systematic Review." Journal of Interventional Cardiology 25, no. 6 (August 13, 2012): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2012.00753.x.

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Williams, Kim Allan, and Kalyani Ballapuram. "Radiation exposure in diagnostic imaging—use, misuse, or abuse? Part I: The background and science of medical radiation." Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 18, no. 4 (June 3, 2011): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12350-011-9402-z.

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Singh, Shreya, and Sheela Shivamonga Rangappa. "Self-administered medical abortion pills: evaluation of the clinical outcome and complications among women presenting with unsupervised pill intake to a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 3424. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20213463.

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Background: In India, it is becoming a public health problem due to easy over-the-counter abortion pill availability despite the legal ban, widespread misuse by non-allopath doctors, dais and quacks, and ignorance on part of women. The pills are being dispensed blindly without proper medical evaluation and even without ruling out the contraindications. In India, abortion facility is available legally under the MTP act, 1971.Methods: Its cross-section study including 81 patients presenting to outpatients and emergency department of obstetrics and Gynecology, in RL Jalapa Hospital and Research Centre affiliated to Sri Deva Raj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar between December 2020 and February 2021, a study conducted among women with a history of unsupervised pills abortion pill intake.Results: In the study 35% were in the age group 19 to 20 years, 45% were in the age group 21 to 25 years and 20% were in the age group 26 to 30 years. 55% were from joint family and 45% were from nuclear family, 76.2% were multigravida and 23.8% were primigravida.Conclusions: This study shows strict legislation and restriction required the sale of abortion pills for public use. The drug should be available only via health care facilities under the super version during an abortion. Creating awareness regarding contraception and effective method to fulfil the unmet need for contraception will be useful avoid the harmful practice of self-administered abortion pills and reducing maternal mortality.

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