Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Missionnaires – 19e siècle'
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Russo, Maurizio. "L'Orient des missionnaires : action missionnaire et perception de l'Orient chrétien chez les missionnaires catholiques en Arménie et Mésopotamie sous le pontificat de Léon XIII." Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN21009.
Full textElected Pope in 1878, Leon XIII fully embodied in the demands for change which were then shaking the Catholic Church. Well-known as the Pope of the encyclical Rerum Novarum, he devoted much thought to the relations with the Oriental Christian world, seeking to reform the relationship between Rome and the Oriental Churches, all the while respecting the latter's traditions and patriarchal privileges. Within such a context, the missionary could become the primary conduit of the reforming ideas of the Supreme Pontiff, who attached great significance to the missionary efforts in Orient. But very often this desire for change collided with the force of inertia generated by parts of the Catholic Church (Such as its hierarchy, its missionaries, etc. ). Even the Society of Jesus, though strongly supported in Orient by Leon XIII himself, showed open hostility to the most progressive projects of the Vatican (examples of which being the adoption of the Oriental ritual or submission to Oriental hierarchy)
Engels-Sissia, Marie-Aude. "Les missionnaires anglaises en Afrique de l'ouest au dix-neuvième siècle." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120020.
Full textAt th beginning of the industrial revolution, europeans expect to find a new market in africa. In order to keep the road to india safe and to remain economically powerful, england gets involved in the struggle for west africa. From that time onwards,english missionaries try to settle in the english colonies, but because of the unhealthy environment, the death rate is high. However, the church missionary society and the wesleyan methodist missionary society succeed in settling in some places. Until 1887, only benevolent women go to west africa. The missionary societies do not support them, although they have been used to charitism since their childhood and are ready to take responsabilities. From 1887 onwards, the societies send women, not as missionaries, but as a help for the missionary men. There, they attend to simultaneaous tasks and prove how enduring and efficient they are. Yet, the leaders of the societies hardly ever mention their contribution in west africa before the twentieth century
Kim, Eun-Young. "Le discours des missionnaires français en Corée (1831-1886) : correspondances et relations." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0130.
Full textThe distant mission generates writings which are mostly represented by correspondence. Between 1831, the erection year of the apostolic vicariate of Korea entrusted to the Société des Missions-Étrangères de Paris, and 1886, the conclusion year of the first treaty between Korea and France, the French missionaries in Korea used to write in an almost uninterrupted rhythm, letters or accounts which reflect their way of life. Thus this situation gave rise to so many particular types of text which are travel account, edifying story and narration of martyrdom. It is these three types of missionary's writings that the Ph. D. Dissertation analyses in a rhetoric approach. From these analyses, the study tries to answer the following question what is a missionary's text in the 19th century? In this sense, the dissertation intends to be line with religious history without aiming at writing a history of the Catholic Church of Korea or a history of French Catholic missions
Song, Soon-Hee. "Étude des relations entre la Corée et la France dans le domaine du catholicisme au 19ème siècle (1831-1904)." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040056.
Full textTo resume: Catholicism appeared in Korea without any direct contact with western missionaries. The church, born spontaneously, then asked Rome to send priests. In 1831, Gregory XVI created the diocese of Korea, independent of the diocese of Peking, and entrusted it to missions-étrangères de Paris, and the French missionaries entered into the country. Thus, they established the first historical contact between the two countries before the setting up of official diplomatic relations. But clashes arose between Korean society, the guardian of tradition, and the missionaries who were against the current of these traditions. As a result there were several persecutions. The French government protested to the Korean government. This marked the beginning of relations between the two governments. In following this history of the origins of the Catholic Church in Korea, and the problems which arose from it, we are seeking to discover what place the Catholic Church had in the relations between the two countries. We are limiting our research to the period 1831, date of the foundation of the diocese of Korea, to 1904, date of the treatise relating to the missions between the two governments
Delisle, Philippe. "Renouveau missionnaire et société esclavagiste : la Martinique : 1815-1848." Lyon 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO31005.
Full textThe clergy of martinique,disorganised by revolution,was restored from 1815 on new foundations. But priests were recruited in french dioceses without any missionary spirit. They confined themselves to prudent religious administration. There was a marked rupture at the end of the 1830's. The government tried to moralize slaves to prepare them for abolition. Some priests were enthusiastic,but they had to face the opposition of whites. The most remarkable initiatives came from brothers of ploermel and sisters of saint-joseph de cluny,who established a network of evangelization. The study of religious life shows that blacks wanted to reproduce the behaviour of settlers. Towards the clergy,they adopted the same spirit of independance. Moreover,the influence of africa lead to syncretism
Yi, Jong Hi. "Les apports du christianisme en Corée (les fondements extra-religieux de l'implantation des missionnaires français en Corée au XIXè siècle)." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070086.
Full textThis thesis is about the setting up and the spreading of catholicism in 18th and 19th century in Korea. It demonstrates the strong impact of the Western religion. It also brings to the fore the numerous links existing between confucianism and christianism. The author explains how the decay of the political and the religious spheres in Korea permitted the elites appeal for the Western religion which was an atypical phenomenon in the Far East. The author also demonstrates how missionaries took advantage of this context using the thirst for social and scientific progress
Villerbu, Tangi. "Espace et nation : constructions françaises du récit de l'Ouest américain au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://books.openedition.org/pur/6251.
Full textDuring a long 19th century, many Frenchmen narrated what happened in the American West. Travellers was looking for evidence of the birth of an American nation. Tourists visited the national(ist) parks, industrialized natural spaces. Others wanted to settle : migrants, narrated their failures and successes, missionaries could imitate Jesus Christ and die working for their faith. Fenimore Cooper's novels were read by everybody, but few scientists tried to know the West more seriously. Many failed to imagine the West could have been important to understand the American identity, but on the contrary some believed the nation born in the West. Nevertheless, most of the Frenchmen knew the West by what they could read in popular literature or see in the Wild West Shows. The American nation born in France, as it born in the United States or any other country. And the narrative of the West is in the heart of that process. It's the story of a region which had to become "normal", "American". The others have no right to live in the western memory. A counter-narrative existed, in mass culture or catholic writings, but it couldn't resist at the end of the 19th century. The West had to be "American", but it was created by the North, and not by the South, and only colonial trade bound it to the nation. The American nation born through the western story as a conquering, democratic and mainly nation created by settlers and cow-boys. Nevertheless, at the end of the 19th century, this herois West seems to disappear; the story seems to end. It is impossible to narrate the future West, so the "frontier" appear to narrate its glorious past
Ferlay, Christine. "Les Pères Blancs et les "Anglais" au Buganda de 1879 à 1929." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010521.
Full textEzeh, Mary-Noëlle Ethel. "La reconnaissance de la dignité de la femme dans la rencontre de la société Igbo du Nigéria avec le christianisme : de 1885 à 1965." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040048.
Full textThis study analyses and elucidates how the crucial question of the recognition and the respect of human dignity arose in the course of the encounter of the Western and Christian world with an African igbo society, with particular interest on how this problematic took a new development with regards to the dignity of women. The analysis begins with the historical and social conditions in which both the missionaries and the people of Igbo became conscience of the problem. For all the partners concerned, the dynamism of this encounter has meant a growing awareness in the understanding of the crucial question of women's dignity. The Igbo people firmly defended their traditional right of an organised and a collective participation of women in the running of social institutions, while opening up to the principle of the respect of each woman as a person. .
Perucci, Gonzalez Cristián. "Moderniser les lonkos et « traditionaliser » les leaders : la participation anglicane au destin politique mapuche, Gulumapu (1838-1935)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0036.
Full textThe first Mapuche political organizations with representative vocation appear, in its origins, closely linked to the Anglican missionaries and their activities. This fact is not accidental, but it is the result of the interlaced Mapuche-Anglican relationship since the arrival of the first missionary in 1838. The aim of this thesis is to understand how, in their integration into the Mapuche political plot, the Anglican project evolved from a general interest in the fate of "pagan" people in the "last end of the world", to become a privileged resistance agent against the Chilean oppression. Or from another perspective, seeing the different circumstances experienced by the Mapuche society in the nineteenth century -autonomy, war, occupation- our objective is to understand the causes that explain the Mapuche approach and assimilation of the Anglican proposal. Our study is divided into two parts. First we explore how, in the Anglicans circles, the Mapuches became an object to evangelize, and the way in which the first missionary attempts materialized. Although these missionary efforts had little effect on the political and religious reality of the Mapuche, for the Anglican it meant the development of a practical knowledge of the local reality, and an inspiration for new missionaries. From 1894, a new missionary project was structured on these experiences, which the second part of this work consists of. Focusing on religion, education and health, an important part of the Mapuche population adhered to this proposal, which contributed to better decipher the historical situation, and urged a new era in the Mapuche policy
Ghedini, Giacomo. "I "moretti" : schiavitù e missioni tra Africa ed Europa (1824-1947)." Thesis, Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP7130.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis is to reconstruct the historical phenomenon of the "moretti". They were generally girls and boys of sub-Saharan origin rescued from slavery by Catholic missionaries during the Nineteenth century. Once in Europe, they were often educated to become missionaries, to be later sent back to Africa to continue the christianization of the continent. In the first part of my work, I will attempt to outline the historical context, highlighting the references to the macro-themes of slavery and missions. Hence, I will also analyse the main stages of its development from its institutional dimension. I have decided to date the beginning of the phenomenon in 1824 when missionary Anne-Marie Javouhey brought some Senegalese children to France. Although it had already been in decline for several decades, I have chosen to consider 1947 as an ending point: this is when Josephine Bakhita, a Sudanese slave girl turned nun and canonised after death, died. In the third and final part of the thesis I will present some biographical portraits of "moretti", in order to illustrate the wide case history of lives and events that make up to such a unitary but diversified phenomenon. An elaborate iconographic appendix closes the work. This research aims to bring to light a history that has so far been almost neglected, focusing not only on the trajectories of European missionaries, but especially on those of the "moretti". By doing so, it will fit into that field of studies that tries to rethink the history of missions abandoning a strictly Eurocentric approach. This research also wants to emphasize that "moretti" were not simply victims of a system which only classified them as second-rate roles, but rather individuals with their own agency, who directly contributed to shaping the mission itself
L'obiettivo di questa tesi dottorale è ricostruire il fenomeno storico dei "moretti", bambine e bambini d'origine subsahariana riscattati dalla schiavitù da missionari cattolici principalmente nel diciannovesimo secolo ed educati in Europa, spesso con lo scopo di rimandarli in Africa come missionari a loro volta. La prima parte cercherà di tratteggiare il contesto storico, in particolare in riferimento ai macrotemi della schiavitù e delle missioni. Seguirà l'analisi delle principali fasi di sviluppo del fenomeno, a partire anche dalla sua dimensione istituzionale. Si è optato per datarne l'inizio nel 1824, con l'azione della missionaria Anne-Marie Javouhey, che portò alcuni bambini senegalesi in Francia; la data scelta per la fine, invece, benché esso fosse in declino già da tempo, è il 1947, anno di morte di Giuseppina Bakhita, una bambina schiava sudanese divenuta suora e la più nota tra le "morette". Nella terza ed ultima parte della tesi si presenteranno alcuni ritratti biografici di "moretti", al fine di illustrare esemplarmente l'ampia casistica di vite e vicende che danno corpo a un fenomeno unitario ma diversificato. Chiude l'elaborato un'appendice iconografica. La ricerca vuole riportare alla luce una storia rimasta finora pressoché sommersa, focalizzando non solo le traiettorie dei missionari europei, ma specialmente quelle dei "moretti" e, così facendo, inserirsi nella corrente di studi volta a ripensare la storia delle missioni in chiave non più esclusivamente eurocentrica. I "moretti", infatti, non furono solo vittime di una serie di processi volti a relegarli ad un ruolo di secondo piano, ma individui dotati di una loro agency, che contribuirono a plasmare la missione stessa
Coutant, Paulette. "Les Arméniennes de l'Empire ottoman à l'école de la France (1840-1914) : stratégies missionnaires et mutations d'une société traditionnelle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0129.
Full textThroughout the study of the education of young Armenian girls, this piece of work allows light to be thrown on the cultural and social evolution of one of the minorities of the ottoman Empire, before its disappearance after the genocide of 1915. At the beginning of the 19th century, the American Protestant missionaries were pioneers in guidance of young women at the moment when the Armenian elite showed itself equally concerned about the nation's progress through education. The French Catholic Congregationallsts, present for centuries with the Eastern Christians, are trying to react to this vigorous competition. They made an appeal to nuns from the provinces of France who were capable of adapting themselves to precarious situations. To engage with the families, shape the young girl, a future mother, is to allow the implanting of catholic culture with the French tradition. The chronological framework, from 1840 to 1915, covers the whole period of presence of female missions whose actions were less studied than those of male orders. The research relies on the public archives (diplomatic and national) and above all religious from the relative orders (Ladies of Sion, Franciscaines of Lons-le-Saunier, Oblates of the Assumption, Sisters of St Joseph of the Apparition, Sisters of St Joseph of Lyon, Capucines, Brothers of Christian schools, Jesuits at Vanves and in Rome, missionary Pontifical works at Lyon), the most frequently unexploited along with the press and witnesses of the time. Pillars of the French Catholic establishments in rural areas in western Anatolia but also those of large metropolitan areas, very many Armenian women acquired a dual Franco-Armenian culture, becoming in this way the vehicles for the absorption of French knowledge and culture in the establishment, and further into the society of the Ottoman Empire which was coming to the end. Some themes of a more general view are tackled : the strategies of monks and nuns to implant themselves and last in Muslin territory faced with the restrictions of Ottoman power, the blossoming of elite young girls open to modernity. In 1920, a page was turned with the disappearance of missionary schools in Anatolia at the same time as the disappearance of Christians in this place
Nié-Boukhéris, Magali. "L' infanticide en Chine et l'action missionnaire (1870-1926)." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0127.
Full textInfanticide is a point at issue, especially in China in the 19th century. Often seen as a systematic practice non desired daughters, it wasn't actually customary. The habit of leaving the dead and dying children outside the houses, on the ground, lead the western witnesses astray. The existence of infanticide as well as the existence of a “Chinese charity” has been denied by some and exaggerated by others. However, the activities of the Christian missionaries willing to “save” and baptise as many children as possible aren't questioned. They created orphanages, schools and an large organisation to collect babies. Despite strong motivation and good will, the project soon drifted dramatically: the Tianjin massacre being the most famous example. The root of the problem was the status of women in China, causing families to prefer sons to daughters. This was also sustained by popular belief that children with physical anomalies should be eliminated. External events such as natural catastrophes would only reinforce it. While trying to hinder those behaviour, the missionaries had found obvious compensations, i. E. The justification for their presence in China and the possibility to buy land. With respect to Europe, the poor rate of conversion was hidden behind the nice figures of baptisms, and greater financial support could be requested in order to compete with the protestant rivals. Eventually, the orphans would create new Christian families, a long term influence in the villages and even a local clergy
Weber, Anne. "Missionnaires et chrétientés en Chine au XVIIIe siècle : l''exemple de la mission du SICHUAN (années 1730-1760): autour du journal du prêtre chinois André Li et la correspondance missionnaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070048.
Full textIn this work we aim to study the attitude of the missionaries and Christians in 18 Century's Szechwan (China), who had to cope with prosecutions, and the organisation of the mission in such a difficult context. We also study the specificities of the Christian religion in Szechwan, its progression and the important action of the Chinese priests -particularly Andrew Li, whose diary we have integrally studied and partly translated - in the mission
Maldavsky, Aliocha. "Recherches sur l'identité missionnaire de la province péruvienne de la Compagnie de Jesus (1568-1640)." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100134.
Full textCabranes, Amaia. "L'espace, les hommes et la frontière : les missionnaires du Nord de la Nouvelle-Espagne au XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100080/document.
Full textIn the XVIIth century, the conquering advance of Spaniards was met by resistance from territories and men in the north of New Spain. The vast septentrional reaches were then consolidated as frontier regions, as the most remote areas were barely explored, while regions located closer to settlement centers were progressively, yet precariously, integrated to monarchy. In the course of the century, missionaries, especially Franciscans and Jesuits, played a very active role in the appropriation process of border regions. As explorers, evangelists and colonizers for the King of Spain, they gradually settled in the septentrional regions. At first, it was necessary to imagine unknown reaches: California, New Mexico. Picking from a set of myths and knowledge with a dual – European and Native American – origin, the priests drew up maps and reports of the coveted areas. As time passed, representations showed increased American influence. In parallel, as integration of New Biscay progressed, the Company of Jesus articulated a network of missions with the objective to christianize – “civilize” – populations and occupy the territories that resisted conquest. The missionaries had to adapt their appropriation strategies to land characteristics. Finally, missionaries had to face difficult life conditions at the northern frontiers, and were at times disheartened in their work and lapsed into rather unorthodox behaviors from a religious point of view
Li, Shenwen. "Stratégies missionnaires des jésuites français en Nouvelle-France et en Chine au XVIIe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0013/NQ36297.pdf.
Full textNsondé, Jean de Dieu. "Les populations et cultures de langue koongo aux XVIIème-XVIIIème siècles : à travers les documents linguistiques des témoins européens." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010603.
Full textHow did the Koongo-speaking populations in Kongo and Kakongo lived the 17th and 18th centuries, which were periods of important social and economic transformations induced by slave trade ? The numerous linguistic sources of european origin (bilingual dictionaries, etc. ). Which are, for most of them, original and used in this work as essential material, permit to answer this question. On one hand, they are showing, with the Kikoongo lexis, the lexical and morphosyntaxical unicity between the different dialects of this language, going from the borders of the luanda area to mayumba, and from the Congo river to the margins of pool. On the other hand, they are proving the stability of basic cultural forms such as matrilinear kinship and "traditional" religion which nevertheless, has to compete with christianity. At the same time, important changes occur in food with the entry of american plants ( cassava, corn), and in craft industry for some local productions (palm tree fibres) are drawing back from the importations. The Koongo-speaking area becomes the second zone of contacts and trade between African and european people, after the gulf of Guinea
Sweet, Brad. "Réfractaire and mission priests in post-deportation Acadian education in eastern Nova Scotia, 1792-1840." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0018/MQ49049.pdf.
Full textCoulon, Paul. "François Libermann (1802-1852) : relecture historique et théologique de l'itinéraire d'un fondateur missionnaire." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040179.
Full textThe thesis presents, in a new way, the personnage and the itinerary of François Libermann who was born into a Jewish family at Saverne in 1802 and who died at Paris in 1852 as superior of the missionary Congregation of the Holy Spirit. .
Heyberger, Bernard. "Les Chrétiens du Proche-Orient au temps de la Réforme catholique : Syrie, Liban, Palestine, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN21001.
Full textUsing the roman archives, as well as locale founds, we try to explain the actual influence of the catholic church between the oriental Christians, mainly reguarding their social organisation and their mentality. Thus, we begin with description of the Christian communities in their Islamic context. This communities have their own coherence and contradictions, which determine the effects of western intervention. Then, looking at the European point of view, we study the transition from crusade to mission, the French "protection" on the ottoman Christians, the number, the organisation, the actual methods of the Latin missionaries. In this time appears an oriental catholicism which emphasizes the differences between roman Christians and the traditional oriental context. We observe the catholic way of life, with his particularities : the role of local clergy, in the tridentine princips educated, the education of the laymen, their association in devote societies, their attitude in front of the death and the dangers of the life, the changes in succession and marriage. .
Hiet-Guihur, Évelyne. "Le voyage dans la formation des missionnaires de la Société des Missions Étrangères : 1660-1791." Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIL226.
Full textThe Foreign Missions Society is officially established in 1663 by the four vicars apostolic that had just appointed Alexandre VII: François de Laval Montmorency for Québec, François Pallu, Lambert de La Motte and Ignace Cotolendi for the Far East. In its missions in Asia, the new organisation with an exclusively missionary purpose aims at forming the clergy of this emerging Church. The Society is immediately confronted with difficulties in dealing with the distance between the place of the missionary activity and the Paris seminary, where most of its members have no field experience. There are communication difficulties that become visible quite rapidly and generate strong tensions between the actors. The voyage seems to be the decisive element of this situation. It allows the missionaries to gradually adapt to their new living conditions. On the contrary, it is a missing element for the directors, who do not understand the constraints specifically related to each mission place. The uncertainty and the slowness of exchanges which result from the transport conditions of the age deepen the physical and mental gap between the members of the Society. Getting a grasp of the functioning of the Foreign Missions Society between 1660 and 1791 includes the study of voyage as an apprenticeship period for the mission
Massot-Marin, Catherine. "Le rôle de missionnaires français en Cochinchine aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : fidélité à Rome et volonté d'indépendance." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040232.
Full textIn XVIIth century, Cochinchina, as Tunkin and Siam receive French missionaries sent by Rome. The topic of this work is to show how, in Cochinchina, from 1663, date of the foundation of "missions etrangères de Paris", to 1799, date of the Mgr Pigneau de Behaine's death, French missionaries build on the bases of catholic reform, a self-governing, strong church, and independent from any politic authority, foundation of the Vietnam church today. This work shows the complexity of the context in which evolve these men. During this period, there is a great European rivality in Indian Ocean and china seas. Cochinchina becomes an attractive country. In south-east Asia, in the other side, the states that we know today, fix their borders. Missionaries, taken in the history wind, must fight to save the Cochinchina mission, but in trying to keep their freedom opposite to politic authorities and merchant powers
Laborie, Jean-Claude. "Une correspondance missionnaire au XVIe : la lettre jésuite du Brésil, 1549-1568, Ecriture et "Réduction"." Lille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL30020.
Full textGauthier, Chantal. "Activité missionnaire en frontière de catholicité : l'exemple du Valais et de l'ancienne Rhétie (1550-1650)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20022.
Full textPaschoud, Adrien. "Savoir et apologétique dans le discours missionnaire jésuite : le monde amérindien vu à travers les Lettres édifiantes et curieuses (1702-1776)." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030017.
Full textJesuit missionaries gave often extensive accounts on what appears today as being of major interest to anthropologists : war, cannibalism, hunting, burial ceremonies, religious systems, social organisation, etc. The practical purpose of our research is to gain a better understanding of the epistemological and cultural foundations of such knowledge on Savage societies. The Lettres édifiantes et curieuses were a publication which aimed to support missionary work in the Americas, but which also was set to thwart emerging heterodox discourse on the Noble Savage. In this perspective, the Savage world is often mythified given that Jesuit missionaries praise converted Indians' devotion, which they associate to Christian First Church, in the case of the theocratic system of the reductions or in the case of Indian martyrs. Thus, the Jesuits built up their own historiography when growing pressure endangered their doctrinal and political positions in the catholic sphere of Eighteenth Century France
Drevet, Richard. "Lai͏̈ques de France et missions catholiques au XIXème : l'Oeuvre de la Propagation de la Foi, origines et développement lyonnais (1822-1922)." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/drevet_r.
Full textIn 1822, the Church of France was carrying on with the re-establishement of its dioceses while, at the same time, prelates from America were scouring the country looking for financial aids. It was an underground Lyons-based Congregation of pity having special ties with these foreign priests who took upon itself to meet their needs setting up the Society Propagation of the Faith. A wide-scale donation system was set up known as the "missions weekly offering", instigated by Pauline Jaricot. In no time at all, the affluent Association was in a position to finance the general expansion of the catholic religion throughout the world. Although it was a non-religious association, it needed the approval of Rome. From then on, its future development in the course of the century had to take into account the growing missionary interest of Rome. At a local level (Lyons) the study shows how dependent the Society was on the ecclesiastic management in the parishes, but it also evaluates the religious vitality of a micro society made up of royalist notables. This was how the missionary Association was able to integrate a complex process of social identification. Moreover, compiling and the distribution of morally-enlightening works (such as Annals, Catholic missions, and so on) gave the laymen the power to stage-manage the Mission and to control its productions, when the allotment of various missions around the globe concerning the collection of funds guaranteed them a real influence on the Churches overseas. The study also highlights their determination to extend their influence over all the catholic universe. Yet, the history of missionary life reports that at precisely the same moment procedures for papal centralisation and the clericalisation of the ecclesiastical system were being intensified. Finally, in 1922, owing to the transfer of the management of the Association to Rome, under the supervision of the De Propaganda Fide Congregation, the demands for autonomy made by the Lyons notables were put to a stop and this wiped out their influence on the missionary process
Morin, Maxime. "Devenir "missionnaire des Sauvages" : origines, formation et entrée en fonction des sujets dans les missions amérindiennes du Canada et de l'Acadie (1700-1763)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31745.
Full textFollowing the Treaty of Ryswick, signed in 1697, the on-going rivalry between France and England for control of Atlantic colonial trade directly impacted the North- American political climate. As a result, French authorities established various policies to protect the lands they had claimed from the British until the fall of New France in 1763. One of those policies consisted in strengthening alliances with Native populations settled in the buffer zones between French and British settlements, such as Acadia and the southern part of the Laurentian Valley. As these allies formed the main military forces of the colony until the French and Indian War, the French used all means at their disposal to convince the Natives to aid their cause. In this troubled climate, the relationships between French Catholic missionaries and converted Natives had an undeniable political influence. To preserve loyalty to the Crown, a small number of missionaries were called upon to collaborate with the French administration. In the 18th century, the evangelized Natives included the Praying Indians of Canada, the Abenaki, the Maliseet, the Passamaquoddy and the Mi’kmaq of Acadia. In addition to exercising their expected ministry duties, some of the well-established missionaries also acted as diplomats, informers, interpreters, or chaplains when accompanying the Native warriors. Having analysed 25 profiles of missionaries who contributed to the French-Native relationship during this period, this doctoral thesis explores the pathway leading to a missionary vocation, beginning with its presentation in the educational context to its actual implementation in the field by young priests. It examines and explains the step-by-step process of becoming a “missionnaire des Sauvages” – as they were called in documents at the time – in Canada and Acadia between 1700 and 1763. By retracing the individual journeys of Jesuit, Recollect, or Sulpician missionaries, and also priests from the Seminary of Foreign Missions, we revisit each of the main achievements of this small group, from their origins to their first steps amongst the Natives. This comparative analysis shows that before a missionary from these communities was sent to work with Indigenous populations, candidates first had go through a long selection process, which was constantly altered by the evolving context of the missions. Although these individuals all initially followed a similar path leading them to ministry in Indian communities, their individual experiences were nonetheless unique and bear witness to the wide range of personal itineraries converging towards New France at the time. Whether born in France or in Canada, the missionaries came from various socioeconomic backgrounds. Their academic, ecclesiastical, and religious education shaped them into missionary-priests. Hand-picked during their preparatory studies, the selected individuals had to go through a transit screening process before heading to New France. Once having arrived at their destination, their introduction amongst the Natives of Canada and Acadia was overseen and supervised by their superiors. With their assignment in hand...
Chu, Hui Ming. "Tableau de la Chine au XVIIIe siècle dans les "Lettres édifiantes et curieuses"." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39033.
Full textThe letters and documents sent from china by french jesuits between 1699 and 1820 (lettres edifiantes et curieuses, published under the direction of m. L. Aime-martin, paris, 1843, t. Iii, and t. Iv), provide useful information on the chinese empire in the 18th century. These letters, which come from beijing as well as provincial capitals or other minor cities, reveal the attitude of missionaries as regards imperiam power. Not only are they indispensable for the awareness of christianism in these regions through the establishment of the catholic church, its development, the persecutions it underwent, but they also provide a unique contribution concerning various features of chinese history : 1) the emperer and his court, the central administration and the army, the local and provincial administration; 2) chinese religions traditions other religions existing in china (islam, judaism); 3) justice, courts and punishment; 4) education and schooling; 5) handcrafts, country life and economic crises; 6) aspects of social life, the organisation and role of the family. One notes particularly precise information on the scientific contribution in the fields of medicine, geography, astronomy and mathematics by jesuits sent from paris by the academie des sciences
Sinicropi, Gilles. ""D'oraison et d'action"." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20001.
Full textDuchamp-Pabiou, Florence. "João dos Santos, un dominicain portugais dans le Sud-Est africain (1586-1622) : une histoire de "l'Éthiopie orientale"." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010690.
Full textJeanne, Boris. "Mexico-Madrid-Rome : sur les pas de Diego Valadés, une étude des milieux romains tournés vers le Nouveau Monde à l'époque de la Contre-Réforme (1568-1594)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0134.
Full textPapal bulls at the end of the 15th century conferred upon Iberian rulers a significant control over the young American churches. In the wake of the Council of Trent, the Holy See attempted to strike roots through spiritual and diplomatic means. Following in the footsteps of Diego Valadés, a Franciscan mestizo born in New Spain and turned procurator general of his order at the Roman Curia, the present thesis highlights how Rome developed an interest in the New World by collecting information and undertaking diplomatic moves while reckoning with the limits set up by Iberian ecclesiastical patronages. These limits were sometimes over passed through Roman Church structures proper, and in particular through missionary networks converging towards the Curia. The Spanish crown then showed it was likely to react, as was exemplified by the exclusion of Valadés, who thus fled to Perugia to publish his Rhetorica Christiana in 1579. The study of this Latin work intended for European readers offers an insight into the Roman way of seeing America. Starting from the life and work of Valadés, different circles looking towards the New World will be explored, illustrating the world's renewed apostolic concerns regarding papacy at the heart of the Counter-Reformation, in the years preceding the creation of the congregation of Propaganda Fide in the 17th century
Patary, Bernard. "Homo apostolicus : la formation du clergé indigène au Collège Général des Missions Étrangères de Paris, à Penang (Malaisie), 1808-1968 : institution et représentations." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20008/document.
Full textThis PhD is about the education of asian native clergy in a french catholic seminary, (General College) in Penang (Malaysia), between 1808 and 1968. It deals with the history and many aspects of every day life in an institution led by missionaries : spiritual matters, liturgy, general and theological studies, hygiene, food, health, manual work, finances. It as taken an interest in studying the members of this community, french teachers and their pupils coming from twelve different countries of Asia. This quite long period (160 years) offers the opportunity to observe the evolution of political and cultural events, especially those connected with the Holy See’s foreign policy, the colonization of Asia, Vatican II’s consequences. But the major aim is consisting in the understanding of a system of cultural representations. The General College intends to transmit the european civilization, and also to produce, within native asian seminarists, an ideal-priest, the homo academicus, able to die a martyr to the Catholic Church, if necessary. Many questions are asked : how did french missionaries look at the native clergy they educated, and what does it reavels, wich rank do those newly converted priests deserved in the Church, how did the french teachers proceeded to achieve their purposes and were they successful ?
Janvier, Marie-Hélène. "Une confrontation du discours missionnaire et philosophique : l'interprétation de l'image de la Chine par Montesquieu et Voltaire, 1721-1776." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25244.
Full textMorin, Maxime. "Le rôle politique des abbés Pierre Maillard, Jean-Louis Le Loutre et François Picquet dans les relations franco-amérindiennes à la fin du Régime français (1734-1763)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26720/26720.pdf.
Full textGagnon, Guillaume. "La situation des arméniens ottomans d'Anatolie Orientale vue à travers les correspondances des missionnaires du American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1051/1/M10368.pdf.
Full textHarinen, Julie. "Catherine Tekakwitha et la peinture missionnaire : stratégies de conversion en Nouvelle-France au 17e siècle." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15869.
Full textCe mémoire s’intéresse à l’art pratiqué par des Jésuites ayant vécu chez le peuple agnier au 17e siècle. L’analyse du travail de deux peintres, les pères Jean Pierron et Claude Chauchetière, nous permet de définir l’environnement socioculturel et politique susceptible d’avoir influencé leur production artistique. Ces artistes ont pour point commun d’avoir œuvré exclusivement chez les Agniers et ce, à seulement une décennie d’intervalle. Pierron destine son art, majoritairement composé d’illustrations didactiques, à un public autochtone non christianisé. Nous avons déterminé que son œuvre témoigne d’une transition idéologique, notamment par l’utilisation de thèmes eschatologiques, le recours à l’image à des fins didactiques et l’intégration de quelques éléments d’écriture dans son œuvre, annonçant ainsi les pratiques apostoliques et artistiques futures. Quant à l’art de Chauchetière, il reflète la continuation du changement perceptif jésuite, notamment en plaçant l’Autochtone comme héros du récit, mais également en l’introduisant au cœur du genre littéraire hagiographique, avec la figure de Catherine Tekakwitha. Toutefois, une transition s’effectue par rapport à l’usage de l’image, qui passe d’un statut didactique à cultuel.
This thesis concerns the art developed by Jesuits living with the Mohawk people in the 17th century. By the analysis of the works of two painters, Father Jean Pierron and Father Claude Chauchetière, we define the sociocultural and political environment that influenced their artistic production. These artists share in common the experience of working exclusively with the Mohawk indigenous community, in two consecutive decades. Pierron’s art can be characterized by didactic illustrations aimed towards a secular indigenous audience. We have determined that this painter indicates an ideological transition, in particular by the representation of eschatological theme, the utilisation of imagery in didactical purposes, and by the integration of a few elements of writing into his illustrations. We think that this heralds the apostolic and artistic practices of the generation to follow. The art of Chauchetière reflects the continuation of Jesuit perceptual change by placing the Aboriginal as the hero of the narrative, but also by the introduction of a new character to the heart of hagiographic literature, the character of Catherine Tekakwitha. We can nevertheless observe that a transition takes place with respect to the use of the image, which transforms from a didactical status to that of worship.