Relevant bibliographies by topics / Missense mutation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Missense mutation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Missense mutation"

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Captur, Gabriella, Eloisa Arbustini, Petros Syrris, Dina Radenkovic, Ben O'Brien, William J. Mckenna, and James C. Moon. "Lamin mutation location predicts cardiac phenotype severity: combined analysis of the published literature." Open Heart 5, no. 2 (October 2018): e000915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000915.

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ObjectiveTwo LMNA genotype–phenotype cardiac correlations are reported: first, that cardiac involvement in multisystem laminopathies prevails with mutations upstream of the nuclear localisation signal (NLS); second, that worse outcomes occur with non-missense (compared with missense) mutations. We tested whether LMNA mutation DNA location and mutation subtype can predict phenotype severity in patients with lamin heart disease.MethodsWe used a semantic workflow platform and manual electronic literature search to identify published LMNA mutations with cardiac-predominant phenotype. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) assembled lamin heart disease into classes based on phenotype severity. 176 reported causative mutations were classified and any relationships to mutation location/subtype assessed by contingency analysis.ResultsMore adverse phenotype was associated with mutation location upstream of the NLS (p=0.014, OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.80) but not with non-missense mutations (p=0.337, OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.72 to 2.57), although an association with non-missense mutations was identified in a subcluster with malignant ventricular arrhythmia (p=0.005, OR 2.64, 95% CI 0.76 to 9.21). HCA limited to the 65 mutations described on ClinVar as pathogenic/likely pathogenic showed similar findings (upstream of NLS, p=0.030, OR 4.78, 95% CI 1.28 to 17.83; non-missense, p=0.121, OR 2.64, 95% CI 0.76 to 9.21) as did analysis limited to pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards.ConclusionCardiac patients with an LMNA mutation located upstream versus downstream of the NLS have a more adverse cardiac phenotype, and some missense mutations can be as harmful as non-missense ones.
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Zhang, Edward D., Meixia Zhang, Gen Li, Charlotte L. Zhang, Zhihuan Li, Guangxi Zang, Zhiguang Su, et al. "Mutation spectrum in GNAQ and GNA11 in Chinese uveal melanoma." Precision Clinical Medicine 2, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbz021.

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Abstract Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular cancer in the adult eye. R183 and Q209 were found to be mutational hotspots in exon 4 and exon 5 of GNAQ and GNA11 in Caucasians. However, only a few studies have reported somatic mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 in uveal melanoma in Chinese. We extracted somatic DNA from paraffin-embedded biopsies of 63 Chinese uveal melanoma samples and sequenced the entire coding regions of exons 4 and 5 in GNAQ and GNA11. The results showed that 33% of Chinese uveal melanoma samples carried Q209 mutations while none had R183 mutation in GNAQ or GNA11. In addition, seven novel missense somatic mutations in GNAQ (Y192C, F194L, P170S, D236N, L232F, V230A, and M227I) and four novel missense somatic mutations in GNA11 (R166C, I200T, S225F, and V206M) were found in our study. The high mutation frequency of Q209 and the novel missense mutations detected in this study suggest that GNAQ and GNA11 are common targets for somatic mutations in Chinese uveal melanoma.
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Gábos, Gabriella, Dumitru Moldovan, Daniela Dobru, Enikő Mihály, Noémi Bara, Valentin Nădășan, Adina Hutanu, and Katalin Csép. "Mutational spectrum and genotype-phenotype relationships in a cohort of Romanian hereditary angioedema patients caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency." Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rrlm-2019-0029.

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Abstract Background: Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) caused by SERPING1 mutations is a rare monogenic disorder characterized by a high frequency of de novo mutations, allelic heterogeneity and populational differences. Geno- and phenotype correlation data are limited. Addressing the pathogenic complexity, we proposed to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics in a set of Romanian patients. Material and Methods: 49 patients from 22 unrelated families with C1-INH-HAE were investigated, by calculating clinical severity score (CSS), C1-INH and C4 level assessment by nephelometric assays, C1-INH function study by functional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mutation analysis by sequencing and MLPA. Clinical manifestations by missense vs other mutation mechanisms were compared. Results: The mean age at diagnosis and onset was 28.8±14.7 and 15.1±15.2 years, while the diagnostic delay 13.1±10.1 years. CSS ranged from 2 to 9, with a mean of 5.4±1.8. The frequency of missense and nonsense mutations, splice defects, frameshift mutations and large gene rearrangements was 61.22, 6.12, 22.4, 6.12 and 4.08%; in the regulatory sequence no mutation was described. In type II, only missense mutations were noted. Lower levels of C1-INH characterized index cases caused by mechanisms other than missense mutation, with more severe consequences on protein synthesis (p=0.017). 53% of the cases were identified by familial screening. Conclusion: A later onset of disease manifestations and a higher frequency of missense mutations characterize HAE in Romanian patients with SERPING1 mutation. Genetic analysis improves the management of affected families, and may inform about disease severity.
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Kim, Soo-Hyun, Soo Young Choi, Sung-Eun Lee, Yun Jeong Oh, Jin-Eok Park, Hae Lyun Yoo, Hye-Rim Jeon, Eun-Jung Jang, and Dong-Wook Kim. "Kinetics Of Low-Level Mutant Clones Detected By Subcloning and Sequencing In Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistant CML." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2720.2720.

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Abstract Background BCR-ABL1 kinase domain (KD) point mutation causes resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients through impaired binding of TKI to the target site. Recent studies have reported that multiple mutations detected in 2-9% of patients with imatinib (IM)-resistant CML were associated with poor response rate and survival outcomes. However, biological characteristics and dynamics of multiple low-level mutations are still not assessed with a quantitative serial follow-up data in the same populations. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate biological characteristics and dynamics of low-level mutations in the serial samples from the patients carrying multiple mutations using subcloning and sequencing. Methods Since 2002, 414 CML patients were screened for mutation analysis due to sign of resistance to TKIs including imatinib (IM), nilotinib (NIL), dasatinib (DAS), bosutinib (BOS), radotinib (RAD) or ponatinib (PON) at Seoul St Mary’s Hospital using direct sequencing and allele specific oligonucleotide-polymerase chain reaction (ASO-PCR). Among them, 31 patients carried ≥ 2 BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutations. We analyzed 137 samples from these 31 patients using subcloning and sequencing (in total, 2737 colonies were sequenced). By cloning and sequencing, two or more missense mutations present in the same clone were defined as compound mutation and co-existence of single missense mutations in the separated clones was defined as polyclonal mutation. Co-existence of single missense mutation and compound mutation harboring two or more missense mutations in the same clone was defined as mixed mutation. Missense mutations detected by direct sequencing are defined as predominant mutations. Missense mutations detected by cloning and sequencing but not by direct sequencing are defined as low-level mutations. Results In a total of 2737 colonies from 137 samples, 1596 (58%) colonies harbored ≥ 2 missense mutations with a median 2 (range, 2 – 7) mutations, and 905 (33%) colonies with a single mutation and 236 (9%) colonies with wild type were observed. In 2737 colonies, 692 different low-level mutations were detected by cloning and sequencing but not by direct sequencing. Among them, M244V, G250E, Y253H, E279K, T315I, F317L, M351T, E355A, F359I, and F359V were detected by direct sequencing in the followed-up samples, and the others remain undetectable by direct sequencing. To address whether these low-level mutations were distinct in the patients with TKI resistance, we applied the cloning and sequencing to samples from 3 healthy controls and 3 patients with optimal response to IM. 38 different mutations were detected healthy controls. 52 different mutations were detected in optimal responders. S349P, N374S, E450G, and S485P were detected in both healthy controls and optimal responders. All mutations detected in optimal responders except 3 missense mutations (V335A, F382V, and A395S) were detected as low-level mutations in the 31 patients’ cohort with TKI resistance. Of 38 different mutations detected in healthy control, 31 mutations except 7 missense mutations (Y264H, M343R, A350V, E373G, G298R, E462K, and T495K) were also detected as low-level mutations in the 31 patients’ cohort. Conclusions We showed basic characteristics and dynamics of low-level mutations by subcloning and sequencing. Some of the low-level mutant clones harboring previously known (clinically common) TKI resistant mutations changes to the predominant in the followed-up samples. Except them, most low-level mutant clones were not detected repeatly and did not increase gradually in the serial samples, implying that they may not have clinical significance. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Nguyen, Thi Kim Lien, Van Dem Pham, Thu Huong Nguyen, Trung Kien Pham, Thi Quynh Huong Nguyen, and Huy Hoang Nguyen. "Three Novel Mutations in the NPHS1 Gene in Vietnamese Patients with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome." Case Reports in Genetics 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2357282.

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Congenital nephrotic syndrome, a rare and severe disease, is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The disease manifests shortly after birth and occurs predominantly in families of Finnish origin but has now been observed in all countries and races. Mutations in the NPHS1 gene, which encodes nephrin, are the main causes of congenital nephrotic syndrome in patients. In this study, we report the first mutational analysis of the NPHS1 gene in three unrelated children from three different Vietnamese families. These patients were examined and determined to be suffering from congenital nephrotic syndrome in the Department of Pediatrics, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics. All 29 exons and exon-intron boundaries of NPHS1 were analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Genetic analysis of the NPHS1 gene revealed one compound heterozygous variant p.Glu117Lys, one heterozygous missense mutation p.Asp310Asn, and one heterozygous frame-shifting mutation (c.3250_3251insG causing p.Val1084Glyfs⁎12) in patient 1. In patient 2, one heterozygous variant p.Glu117Lys and one novel heterozygous missense mutation p.Ser324Ala were identified. Finally, a novel missense mutation p.Arg802Leu and a novel nonsense mutation (c.2442C>G causing p.K792⁎) were identified in patient 3.
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Vierimaa, O., T. M. L. Ebeling, S. Kytölä, R. Bloigu, E. Eloranta, J. Salmi, E. Korpi-Hyövälti, et al. "Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in Northern Finland; clinical features and genotype–phenotype correlation." European Journal of Endocrinology 157, no. 3 (September 2007): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-07-0195.

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Objective: The existence of genotype–phenotype correlation in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is controversial. Two founder mutations of the MEN1 gene in Northern Finland gave us an opportunity to compare clinical features among heterozygotes of different mutations. Design and methods: Study cohort included 82 MEN1 heterozygotes who were tested for MEN1 during the years 1982–2001. Medical records were reviewed for manifestations of MEN1, other tumours and cause of death by the end of August 2003. Logistic regression analysis was used in evaluating the impact of age, gender and mutational status of affected heterozygotes on the likelihood of developing manifestations of MEN1. Results: Founder mutations 1466del12 and 1657insC were found in 39 and 29 individuals, and D418N, G156R and R527X mutations in 9, 3 and 2 individuals respectively. Except for pituitary adenoma and nonfunctional pancreatic tumour (NFPT), age was a risk factor for all the disease manifestations. For NFPT, frameshift/nonsense mutations (1657insC, R527X) gave an odds ratio (OR) of 3.26 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.27–8.33; P = 0.014) compared with in-frame/missense mutations (1466del12, D418N, G156R); including the founder mutation carriers (n = 68) only, the 1657insC mutation gave an OR of 3.56 (CI, 1.29–9.83; P = 0.015). For gastrinoma, in-frame/missense mutations predicted the risk with an OR of 6.77 (CI, 1.31–35.0; P = 0.022), and in the founder mutations group the 1466del12 mutation gave an OR of 15.09 (CI, 1.73–131.9, P = 0.014). Conclusions: In this study population, NFPT was more common in the frameshift/nonsense or 1657insC mutation carriers, whereas gastrinoma was more common in the in-frame/missense or 1466del12 mutation carriers.
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Musumeci, Antonino, Francesco Calì, Carmela Scuderi, Mirella Vinci, Girolamo Aurelio Vitello, Sebastiano Antonino Musumeci, Valeria Chiavetta, et al. "Identification of a Novel Missense Mutation of POLR3A Gene in a Cohort of Sicilian Patients with Leukodystrophy." Biomedicines 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092276.

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Recessive mutations in the POLR3A gene cause POLR3-HLD (the second-most-common form of childhood-onset hypomyelinating leukodystrophy), a neurodegenerative disorder featuring deficient cerebral myelin formation. To date, more than 140 POLR3A (NM_007055.3) missense mutations are related to the pathogenesis of POLR3-related leukodystrophy and spastic ataxia. Herein, in a cohort of five families from Sicily (Italy), we detected two cases of patients affected by POLR3-related leukodystrophy, one due to a compound heterozygous mutation in the POLR3A gene, including a previously undescribed missense mutation (c.328A > G (p.Lys110Glu)). Our study used an in-house NGS gene panel comprising 41 known leukodystrophy genes. Successively, we used a predictive test supporting the missense mutation as causative of disease, thus this mutation can be considered “Likely Pathogenic” and could be as a new pathogenetic mutation of the POLR3A gene causing a severe form of POLR3-HLD.
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Prophet, Malshundria, Kun Xiao, Theodore Stewart Gourdin, Rebecca J. Nagy, Lesli Ann Kiedrowski, Elisa Ledet, Guru Sonpavde, A. Oliver Sartor, and Michael B. Lilly. "Detection of actionable BRAF missense mutations by ctDNA-based genomic analysis in prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2018): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.306.

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306 Background: Activating BRAF fusion proteins are rare in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Driver missense BRAF mutations have not been reported in detail in this population. Methods: We examined ctDNA-derived genomic profiles (Guardant 360) from 2,721 unique PCa patients, to identify BRAF genomic anomalies (SNVs, amplification). The ctDNA results were compared with PCa tissue-based genomics from the TCGA database (1,851 unique patients). Results: BRAF missense mutations were found in 76 ctDNA patients (2.8%) and were from all known mutation classes (I, II, III) as well as variants of unknown significance (VUSs). Only 4 patients had the V600E mutation. Multiple examples of known, autonomously active, non-canonical mutations were found (27), including K601E (12), G469A (5), D594G (2), and G466E (2). There were 45 VUSs. Mutations were primarily clonal but subclonal mutations were also found. In addition BRAF was commonly amplified, usually in the presence of multiple other amplified genes. BRAF missense mutations were more common with ctDNA than TCGA (2.8% vs 1.4%). Neither dataset identified frequent V600E mutations (ctDNA: 4/2,721; TCGA 1/1,851). However patients with the same non-canonical BRAF mutations were found in each dataset (K601E, G469A, G466E, D594G). Each dataset contained unique mutations found in only one patient. BRAF mutations potentially treatable with BRAF or MEK inhibitors (class I, II) were about half of all mutations (ctDNA 40.8%; TCGA 50%). We treated a PCa patient with a clonal BRAF(G469A) mutation with targeted therapy. The patient was resistant to multiple lines of hormonal and cytotoxic therapy. Trametinib produced a clinical and RECIST response. Conclusions: ctDNA-based genomic analysis identified multiple BRAF amplifications and missense SNVs in PCa patients. SNVs are largely non-canonical, but include known activating mutations that could act as drivers. The analysis also identified more BRAF missense mutations than did tissue genomic profiling, but the mutational landscape, overall frequency of mutations was similar with either method. ctDNA-based genomic profiling can identify actionable BRAF driver mutations that may respond to MEK and BRAF inhibitors.
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Davies, Faith C. J., Jilly E. Hope, Fiona McLachlan, Grant F. Marshall, Laura Kaminioti-Dumont, Vesa Qarkaxhija, Francis Nunez, et al. "Recapitulation of the EEF1A2 D252H neurodevelopmental disorder-causing missense mutation in mice reveals a toxic gain of function." Human Molecular Genetics 29, no. 10 (March 11, 2020): 1592–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaa042.

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Abstract Heterozygous de novo mutations in EEF1A2, encoding the tissue-specific translation elongation factor eEF1A2, have been shown to cause neurodevelopmental disorders including often severe epilepsy and intellectual disability. The mutational profile is unusual; ~50 different missense mutations have been identified but no obvious loss of function mutations, though large heterozygous deletions are known to be compatible with life. A key question is whether the heterozygous missense mutations operate through haploinsufficiency or a gain of function mechanism, an important prerequisite for design of therapeutic strategies. In order both to address this question and to provide a novel model for neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from mutations in EEF1A2, we created a new mouse model of the D252H mutation. This mutation causes the eEF1A2 protein to be expressed at lower levels in brain but higher in muscle in the mice. We compared both heterozygous and homozygous D252H and null mutant mice using behavioural and motor phenotyping alongside molecular modelling and analysis of binding partners. Although the proteomic analysis pointed to a loss of function for the D252H mutant protein, the D252H homozygous mice were more severely affected than null homozygotes on the same genetic background. Mice that are heterozygous for the missense mutation show no behavioural abnormalities but do have sex-specific deficits in body mass and motor function. The phenotyping of our novel mouse lines, together with analysis of molecular modelling and interacting proteins, suggest that the D252H mutation results in a gain of function.
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Zabransky, Daniel J., Christopher L. Yankaskas, Rory L. Cochran, Hong Yuen Wong, Sarah Croessmann, David Chu, Shyam M. Kavuri, et al. "HER2 missense mutations have distinct effects on oncogenic signaling and migration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 45 (October 27, 2015): E6205—E6214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516853112.

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Recurrent human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) missense mutations have been reported in human cancers. These mutations occur primarily in the absence of HER2 gene amplification such that most HER2-mutant tumors are classified as “negative” by FISH or immunohistochemistry assays. It remains unclear whether nonamplified HER2 missense mutations are oncogenic and whether they are targets for HER2-directed therapies that are currently approved for the treatment of HER2 gene-amplified breast cancers. Here we functionally characterize HER2 kinase and extracellular domain mutations through gene editing of the endogenous loci in HER2 nonamplified human breast epithelial cells. In in vitro and in vivo assays, the majority of HER2 missense mutations do not impart detectable oncogenic changes. However, the HER2 V777L mutation increased biochemical pathway activation and, in the context of a PIK3CA mutation, enhanced migratory features in vitro. However, the V777L mutation did not alter in vivo tumorigenicity or sensitivity to HER2-directed therapies in proliferation assays. Our results suggest the oncogenicity and potential targeting of HER2 missense mutations should be considered in the context of cooperating genetic alterations and provide previously unidentified insights into functional analysis of HER2 mutations and strategies to target them.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Missense mutation"

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Ibrahim, Daniel Murad. "ChIP-seq reveals mutation-specific pathomechanisms of HOXD13 missense mutations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17102.

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Mutationen von Transkriptionsfaktoren (TF) betreffen nicht nur die Funktion des TFs, sondern auch die Expression seiner Zielgene und liegen häufig angeborenen Entwicklungsdefekten zugrunde. Über 20 Mutationen in HOXD13, einem TF der die Entwicklung der Extremitäten kontrolliert, sind bisher als Ursache verschiedenartiger Extremitätenfehlbildungen entdeckt worden. Eine molekularbiologische Grundlage für die Vielgestaltigkeit der HOXD13-Mutationen ist jedoch unbekannt. Die bisherigen Methoden zur funktionellen Charakterisierung von TF-Mutationen ermöglichten eine lediglich eingeschränkte Interpretation der molekularen Pathomechanismen. Die kürzlich entwickelte ChIP-seq Methode ermöglicht eine umfassende, funktionelle Charakterisierung eines TFs. In dieser Arbeit wurde eine Methode etabliert, um eine Vielzahl von Transkriptionsfaktoren und TF-Mutationen systematisch zu untersuchen. Zur Validierung wurden zwei neue Punktmutationen in HOXD13, p.Q317K und p.R298Q, charakterisiert. Beide Mutationen betreffen die DNA-bindende Domäne von HOXD13, rufen aber stark unterschiedliche Fehlbildungen hervor. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die HOXD13Q317K Mutante eine veränderte Sequenzspezifität aufweist, welche nun jener eines anderen TFs, PITX1, ähnelt. Auch genomweit zeigt HOXD13Q317K ein Bindungsprofil, welches eher PITX1 als HOXD13wt entspricht. Durch weitere, unabhängige Analysen und Experimente wurde bestätigt, dass die p.Q317K Mutation HOXD13 in einen TF mit PITX1-ähnlichen Eigenschaften verändert. Die HOXD13R298Q-Mutante zeigt eine weitgehend unveränderte Bindungssequenz gegenüber HOXD13wt, jedoch eine veränderte Zusammensetzung der genomischen Bindestellen. Dies weist, in Kombination mit dem humanen Phänotyp auf einen dominant-negativen Pathomechanismus dieser Mutanten hin. Zusammengenommen zeigt diese Arbeit durch die Erhebung von experimentellen Daten, dass klar unterscheidbare molekularbiologische Mechanismen den HOXD13Q317K- und HOXD13R298Q-Mutationen zugrunde liegen.
Mutations in transcription factors (TF) do not only affect the function of the TF, but also the expression of its target genes and are frequently underlying congenital malformations. More than 20 distinct pathogenic mutations in HOXD13, a TF controlling limb development, have been associated with a broad range of limb malformations. However, a molecular basis underlying the variability of HOXD13-associated phenotypes remains elusive. To date, the experimental methods used to functionally characters TF mutations have allowed only limited insights into the underlying molecular pathomechanisms. The recently developed ChIP-seq technology has proven to be a powerful method to profile the binding characteristics of TFs; however a number of technical hurdles hinder its application for functional characterization of mutant TFs. This work describes the establishment of a ChIP-seq approach to investigate a wide spectrum of TFs and TF mutations. The approach was applied to characterize two previously unknown missense mutations in HOXD13, p.Q317K and p.R298Q, which both alter the DNA-binding domain of HOXD13 but cause very different disease phenotypes. The results show that the HOXD13Q317K mutant has an altered sequence specificity that resembles the recognition sequence of another TF, PITX1. Further, the genome-wide binding pattern of HOXD13Q317K shifts towards a more PITX1-like binding pattern. Even further analysis and viral overexpression in chicken limb buds confirm that the mutation partially converts HOXD13Q317K into a TF with PITX1-like properties. The HOXD13R298Q has a largely unchanged sequence specificity, but an altered composition of genomic binding sites. This, in combination with the human phenotype, indicates that the mutant might act in a dominant-negative manner. Collectively, this work shows through generation of direct experimental evidence, that clearly distinct molecular mechanisms underlie the pathogenicity of HOXD13Q317K and HOXD13R298Q mutations.
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Maxwell, Megan Amanda, and n/a. "PEX1 Mutations in Australasian Patients with Disorders of Peroxisome Biogenesis." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040219.100649.

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The peroxisome is a subcellular organelle that carries out a diverse range of metabolic functions, including the b-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, the breakdown of peroxide and the a-oxidation of fatty acids. Disruption of peroxisome metabolic functions leads to severe disease in humans. These diseases can be broadly grouped into two categories: those in which a single enzyme is defective, and those known as the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), which result from a generalised failure to import peroxisomal matrix proteins (and consequently result in disruption of multiple metabolic pathways). The PBDs result from mutations in PEX genes, which encode protein products called peroxins, required for the normal biogenesis of the peroxisome. PEX1 encodes an AAA ATPase that is essential for peroxisome biogenesis, and mutations in PEX1 are the most common cause of PBDs worldwide. This study focused on the identification of mutations in PEX1 in an Australasian cohort of PBD patients, and the impact of these mutations on PEX1 function. As a result of the studies presented in this thesis, twelve mutations in PEX1 were identified in the Australasian cohort of patients. The identified mutations can be broadly grouped into three categories: missense mutations, mutations directly introducing a premature termination codon (PTC) and mutations that interrupt the reading frame of PEX1. The missense mutations that were identified were R798G, G843D, I989T and R998Q; all of these mutations affect amino acid residues located in the AAA domains of the PEX1 protein. Two mutations that directly introduce PTCs into the PEX1 transcript (R790X and R998X), and four frameshift mutations (A302fs, I370fs, I700fs and S797fs) were identified. There was also one mutation found in an intronic region (IVS22-19A>G) that is presumed to affect splicing of the PEX1 mRNA. Three of these mutations, G843D, I700fs and G973fs, were found at high frequency in this patient cohort. At the commencement of these studies, it was hypothesised that missense mutations would result in attenuation of PEX1 function, but mutations that introduced PTCs, either directly or indirectly, would have a deleterious effect on PEX1 function. Mutations introducing PTCs are thought to cause mRNA to be degraded by the nonsense-mediated decay of mRNA (NMD) pathway, and thus result in a decrease in PEX1 protein levels. The studies on the cellular impact of the identified PEX1 mutations were consistent with these hypotheses. Missense mutations were found to reduce peroxisomal protein import and PEX1 protein levels, but a residual level of function remained. PTC-generating mutations were found to have a major impact on PEX1 function, with PEX1 mRNA and protein levels being drastically reduced, and peroxisomal protein import capability abolished. Patients with two missense mutations showed the least impact on PEX1 function, patients with two PTC-generating mutations had a severe defect in PEX1 function, and patients carrying a combination of a missense mutation and a PTC-generating mutation showed levels of PEX1 function that were intermediate between these extremes. Thus, a correlation between PEX1 genotype and phenotype was defined for the Australasian cohort of patients investigated in these studies. For a number of patients, mutations in the coding sequence of one PEX1 allele could not be identified. Analysis of the 5' UTR of this gene was therefore pursued for potential novel mutations. The initial analyses demonstrated that the 5' end of PEX1 extended further than previously reported. Two co-segregating polymorphisms were also identified, termed –137 T>C and –53C>G. The -137T>C polymorphism resided in an upstream, in-frame ATG (termed ATG1), and the possibility that the additional sequence represented PEX1 coding sequence was examined. While both ATGs were found to be functional by virtue of in vitro and in vivo expression investigations, Western blot analysis of the PEX1 protein in patient and control cell extracts indicated that physiological translation of PEX1 was from the second ATG only. Using a luciferase reporter approach, the additional sequence was found to exhibit promoter activity. When examined alone the -137T>C polymorphism exerted a detrimental effect on PEX1 promoter activity, reducing activity to half that of wild-type levels, and the -53C>G polymorphism increased PEX1 promoter activity by 25%. When co-expressed (mimicking the physiological condition) these polymorphisms compensated for each other to bring PEX1 promoter activity to near wild-type levels. The PEX1 mutations identified in this study have been utilised by collaborators at the National Referral Laboratory for Lysosomal, Peroxisomal and Related Genetic Disorders (based at the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide), in prenatal diagnosis of the PBDs. In addition, the identification of three common mutations in Australasian PBD patients has led to the implementation of screening for these mutations in newly referred patients, often enabling a precise diagnosis of a PBD to be made. Finally, the strong correlation between genotype and phenotype for the patient cohort investigated as part of these studies has generated a basis for the assessment of newly identified mutations in PEX1.
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Maxwell, Megan Amanda. "PEX1 Mutations in Australasian Patients with Disorders of Peroxisome Biogenesis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366184.

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The peroxisome is a subcellular organelle that carries out a diverse range of metabolic functions, including the b-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, the breakdown of peroxide and the a-oxidation of fatty acids. Disruption of peroxisome metabolic functions leads to severe disease in humans. These diseases can be broadly grouped into two categories: those in which a single enzyme is defective, and those known as the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), which result from a generalised failure to import peroxisomal matrix proteins (and consequently result in disruption of multiple metabolic pathways). The PBDs result from mutations in PEX genes, which encode protein products called peroxins, required for the normal biogenesis of the peroxisome. PEX1 encodes an AAA ATPase that is essential for peroxisome biogenesis, and mutations in PEX1 are the most common cause of PBDs worldwide. This study focused on the identification of mutations in PEX1 in an Australasian cohort of PBD patients, and the impact of these mutations on PEX1 function. As a result of the studies presented in this thesis, twelve mutations in PEX1 were identified in the Australasian cohort of patients. The identified mutations can be broadly grouped into three categories: missense mutations, mutations directly introducing a premature termination codon (PTC) and mutations that interrupt the reading frame of PEX1. The missense mutations that were identified were R798G, G843D, I989T and R998Q; all of these mutations affect amino acid residues located in the AAA domains of the PEX1 protein. Two mutations that directly introduce PTCs into the PEX1 transcript (R790X and R998X), and four frameshift mutations (A302fs, I370fs, I700fs and S797fs) were identified. There was also one mutation found in an intronic region (IVS22-19A>G) that is presumed to affect splicing of the PEX1 mRNA. Three of these mutations, G843D, I700fs and G973fs, were found at high frequency in this patient cohort. At the commencement of these studies, it was hypothesised that missense mutations would result in attenuation of PEX1 function, but mutations that introduced PTCs, either directly or indirectly, would have a deleterious effect on PEX1 function. Mutations introducing PTCs are thought to cause mRNA to be degraded by the nonsense-mediated decay of mRNA (NMD) pathway, and thus result in a decrease in PEX1 protein levels. The studies on the cellular impact of the identified PEX1 mutations were consistent with these hypotheses. Missense mutations were found to reduce peroxisomal protein import and PEX1 protein levels, but a residual level of function remained. PTC-generating mutations were found to have a major impact on PEX1 function, with PEX1 mRNA and protein levels being drastically reduced, and peroxisomal protein import capability abolished. Patients with two missense mutations showed the least impact on PEX1 function, patients with two PTC-generating mutations had a severe defect in PEX1 function, and patients carrying a combination of a missense mutation and a PTC-generating mutation showed levels of PEX1 function that were intermediate between these extremes. Thus, a correlation between PEX1 genotype and phenotype was defined for the Australasian cohort of patients investigated in these studies. For a number of patients, mutations in the coding sequence of one PEX1 allele could not be identified. Analysis of the 5' UTR of this gene was therefore pursued for potential novel mutations. The initial analyses demonstrated that the 5' end of PEX1 extended further than previously reported. Two co-segregating polymorphisms were also identified, termed –137 T>C and –53C>G. The -137T>C polymorphism resided in an upstream, in-frame ATG (termed ATG1), and the possibility that the additional sequence represented PEX1 coding sequence was examined. While both ATGs were found to be functional by virtue of in vitro and in vivo expression investigations, Western blot analysis of the PEX1 protein in patient and control cell extracts indicated that physiological translation of PEX1 was from the second ATG only. Using a luciferase reporter approach, the additional sequence was found to exhibit promoter activity. When examined alone the -137T>C polymorphism exerted a detrimental effect on PEX1 promoter activity, reducing activity to half that of wild-type levels, and the -53C>G polymorphism increased PEX1 promoter activity by 25%. When co-expressed (mimicking the physiological condition) these polymorphisms compensated for each other to bring PEX1 promoter activity to near wild-type levels. The PEX1 mutations identified in this study have been utilised by collaborators at the National Referral Laboratory for Lysosomal, Peroxisomal and Related Genetic Disorders (based at the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide), in prenatal diagnosis of the PBDs. In addition, the identification of three common mutations in Australasian PBD patients has led to the implementation of screening for these mutations in newly referred patients, often enabling a precise diagnosis of a PBD to be made. Finally, the strong correlation between genotype and phenotype for the patient cohort investigated as part of these studies has generated a basis for the assessment of newly identified mutations in PEX1.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
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Chen, Xuhua. "A missense mutation in Atf2 in standard poodles with fatal neonatal encephalopathy." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6042.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
"May 2007" The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ibrahim, Daniel Murad [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Mundlos, and Petra [Akademischer Betreuer] Seemann. "ChIP-seq reveals mutation-specific pathomechanisms of HOXD13 missense mutations / Daniel Murad Ibrahim. Gutachter: Stefan Mundlos ; Petra Seemann." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1065301065/34.

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Ibrahim, Daniel [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Mundlos, and Petra [Akademischer Betreuer] Seemann. "ChIP-seq reveals mutation-specific pathomechanisms of HOXD13 missense mutations / Daniel Murad Ibrahim. Gutachter: Stefan Mundlos ; Petra Seemann." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100225655.

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Ramirez, Christina J. "BRCA genes : conserved regions and the potential effect of missense changes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5052.

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Yu, Yanan. "NF1 Patient Missense Variants Predict a Role for ATM in Modifying Neurofibroma Initiation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592395217393569.

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Essawy, Nada. "Characterization of emerin LEM-domain missense mutations present in patients with exclusive atrial cardiac defects." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS299.

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La dystrophie musculaire d’Emery-Dreifuss (DMED) est l'une des dystrophies musculaires génétiques humaines les plus répandues. L'implication cardiaque dans la maladie est le symptôme qui met le plus la vie en danger et la principale cause de mortalité. La majorité des cas de son type liée à l’X sont dus à des mutations dans un gène codant pour une protéine de l'enveloppe nucléaire, l'émérine. Malgré les progrès considérables qui ont été réalisés en termes de caractérisation de la structure de l'émerine, ses différents partenaires de liaison, et ses fonctions dans le corps humain, le tableau est encore assez incomplet. Cinquante ans après que la DMED ait été documentée pour la première fois, les chercheurs n'ont toujours pas compris la pathophysiologie de la maladie. Il n'est donc pas surprenant qu'à ce jour, il n'existe pas de traitement décrit pour la DMED. Cette thèse est une première tentative pour caractériser trois mutations faux-sens du domaine LEM de l'émerine (P22L, ΔK37, et T43I) présentes chez des patients présentant uniquement des symptômes cardiaques. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier l'effet des trois mutations sur la structure de l'émerine, son auto-assemblage, et les interactions avec certains de ses partenaires de liaison bien décrits. Le travail présenté souligne que malgré la présence des trois mutations dans la seule région repliée de l'émerine, les variants ne présentent aucun défaut global dans leur structure, à l'exception de la déstabilisation du domaine LEM du variant ΔK37. Il est important de noter que les mutants sont capables de s'auto-assembler, mais avec une cinétique de polymérisation rapide. En outre, l’étude a montré que les trois variants, bien que mutés dans le domaine de liaison à BAF, sont étonnamment capables de se lier à la protéine BAF. De plus, l'analyse ne révèle aucune différence dans les interactions des variants avec l’Ig-fold de la lamine A/C. De plus, il n'y a pas de défaut dans la phosphorylation du variant ΔK37 par la kinase Src. La caractérisation préliminaire de la mutation ΔK37 dans des fibroblastes humains immortalisés n'a pas montré de défauts manifestes en mécanobiologie et dans l'expression des protéines de l'enveloppe nucléaire ou du cytosquelette. Pris dans son ensemble, le travail présenté souligne que les trois mutations faux-sens de l’émerine ne provoquent aucun défaut dans plusieurs propriétés importantes de l'émerine, qui sont testées dans cette thèse. Sur la base des résultats de la recherche menée, nous avons acquis des connaissances considérables en ce qui concerne les conséquences des mutations d'intérêt. En d'autres termes, le travail présenté montre qu’il faut continuer les recherches sur l’émerine, afin d'explorer d'autres propriétés ou fonctions de cette protéine qui pourraient être associées à la physiopathologie de la DMED
Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is among the most widely common human genetic muscular dystrophies. The cardiac involvement in the disease is the most life-threatening symptom and the major cause of mortality. The majority of cases of its X-linked type are due to mutations in a gene encoding for the nuclear envelope protein, emerin. Despite the considerable advances that have been achieved in terms of the characterization of emerin structure, various binding partners, and functions in the human body, the picture is still rather incomplete. Fifty years now after EDMD had been first documented, researchers still fall short of understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Thereby, it comes as no surprise that, to date, there is no described treatment of EDMD. Accordingly, this thesis is an initial attempt to characterize three emerin LEM-domain missense mutations (P22L, ΔK37, and T43I) present in patients with exclusive cardiac defects. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of the three mutations on: emerin structure, its self-assembly, and interactions with some of its well-described binding partners. The presented work highlights that albeit the localization of the three mutations in the only folded region of emerin, the variants show no global defect in their structure, except for the destabilization of the LEM-domain of the variant ΔK37. Importantly, the mutants are able to self-assemble, yet with astonishing fast polymerization kinetics. In addition, the investigations have illustrated that the three variants, despite the presence of the mutations in the BAF-binding domain, are surprisingly capable of binding BAF. The analysis did not reveal any differences in the mutants binding to Ig-fold domain of lamin A/C. Further, there is no defect in ΔK37 phosphorylation by Src kinase. Also, preliminary characterization of the ΔK37 mutation in immortalized human fibroblasts has featured no overt defects in mechanobiology, and in the expression of nuclear envelope or cytoskeletal proteins. Taken all together, the presented work outlines that the three emerin missense mutations display no defects in several prominent emerin properties, which are questioned in this thesis. On the basis of the results of the conducted research, considerable insight has been gained with regard to the consequences of the mutations of interest. In other words, the presented work lends support to following investigations in order to explore other unquestioned properties or functions of emerin that might be associated with the pathophysiology of EDMD
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Kobayashi, Hiromasa. "A novel homozygous missense mutation of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in a Japanese woman with severe obesity." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148274.

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Books on the topic "Missense mutation"

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Bergmann, Carsten, and Klaus Zerres. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0313.

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Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is an important cause of childhood renal- and liver-related morbidity and mortality with variable disease expression. Many patients manifest peri- or neonatally with a mortality rate of 30–50%, whereas others survive to adulthood with only minor clinical features. ARPKD is typically caused by mutations in the PKHD1 gene that encodes a 4074-amino acid type 1 single-pass transmembrane protein called fibrocystin or polyductin. Fibrocystin/polyductin is among other cystoproteins expressed in primary cilia, basal bodies, and centrosomes, but its exact function has still not been fully unravelled. Mutations were found to be scattered throughout the gene with many of them being private to single families. Correlations have been drawn for the type of mutation rather than for the site of the individual mutation. Virtually all patients carrying two truncating mutations display a severe phenotype with peri- or neonatal demise while surviving patients bear at least one hypomorphic missense mutation. However, about 20–30% of all sibships exhibit major intrafamilial phenotypic variability and it becomes increasingly obvious that ARPKD is clinically and genetically much more heterogeneous and complex than previously thought.
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Burghes, Arthur H. M., and Vicki L. McGovern. Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0034.

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Spinal muscular atrophies affect the lower motor neuron. The most common SMA maps to 5q is an autosomal recessive disorder. SMA is caused by loss or mutation of the SMN1 gene and retention of the SMN2 gene, and these genes lie in a complex area of the genome. Mild missense alleles of SMN1 work to complement SMN2 to give function and therapeutics that restore SMN levels are in clinical testing. Modifiers that lie outside the SMN gene locus and influence severity clearly exist, but what they are remains unknown as do the critical genes affected by SMN deficiency.
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Book chapters on the topic "Missense mutation"

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Arnemann, J. "Missense-Mutation." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1663. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3529.

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Arnemann, J. "Missense-Mutation." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_3529-1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Missense Mutation." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 908. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14238.

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Gardner, Jessica C., Tom R. Webb, Naheed Kanuga, Anthony G. Robson, Graham E. Holder, Andrew Stockman, Caterina Ripamonti, et al. "A Novel Missense Mutation in Both OPN1LW and OPN1MW Cone Opsin Genes Causes X-Linked Cone Dystrophy (XLCOD5)." In Retinal Degenerative Diseases, 595–601. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0631-0_76.

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Spiegel, Ronen, Devorah Soiferman, Avraham Shaag, Stavit Shalev, Orly Elpeleg, and Ann Saada. "Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation in SPG20 Gene Results in Troyer Syndrome Associated with Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Deficiency." In JIMD Reports, 55–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2016_580.

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Castro-Ferreira, I., Rute Carmo, Sérgio Estrela Silva, Otília Corrêa, Susana Fernandes, Susana Sampaio, Rodrigues-Pereira Pedro, Augusta Praça, and João Paulo Oliveira. "Novel Missense LCAT Gene Mutation Associated with an Atypical Phenotype of Familial LCAT Deficiency in Two Portuguese Brothers." In JIMD Reports, 55–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2017_57.

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Aalberts, J. J. J., A. G. Schuurman, G. Pals, B. J. C. Hamel, G. Bosman, Y. Hilhorst-Hofstee, D. Q. C. M. Barge-Schaapveld, B. J. M. Mulder, M. P. van den Berg, and J. P. van Tintelen. "Recurrent and founder mutations in the Netherlands: Extensive clinical variability in Marfan syndrome patients with a single novel recurrent fibrillin-1 missense mutation*." In De Nederlandse gezondheidszorg, 89–94. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0705-0_12.

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Morita, Masashi, Shun Matsumoto, Airi Sato, Kengo Inoue, Dzmitry G. Kostsin, Kozue Yamazaki, Kosuke Kawaguchi, et al. "Stability of the ABCD1 Protein with a Missense Mutation: A Novel Approach to Finding Therapeutic Compounds for X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy." In JIMD Reports, 23–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2018_118.

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Brandão, Maíra Pontual, Elaine Maria Frade Costa, Maki Fukami, Mariza Gerdulo, Natalia P. Pereira, Sorahia Domenice, Tsutomu Ogata, and Berenice B. Mendonca. "MAMLD1 (Mastermind-Like Domain Containing 1) Homozygous Gain-of-Function Missense Mutation Causing 46,XX Disorder of Sex Development in a Virilized Female." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 129–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8002-1_28.

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Guziewicz, Karina E., Gustavo D. Aguirre, and Barbara Zangerl. "Modeling the Structural Consequences of BEST1 Missense Mutations." In Retinal Degenerative Diseases, 611–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0631-0_78.

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Conference papers on the topic "Missense mutation"

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Martelotto, Luciano G., Yan Zhang, Charlotte K. Y. Ng, Salvatore Piscuoglio, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, and Britta Weigelt. "Abstract 4258: Benchmarking algorithms for mutation impact prediction using functionally validated missense mutations." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4258.

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Hassan, H. J., L. Cianetti, P. M. Mannucci, V. Vicente, R. Cortese, and C. Peschle. "HEREDITARY THROMBOPHILIA CAUSED BY MISSENSE MUTATION IN PROTEIN C GENE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642944.

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The structure of the gene for protein C was analyzed in 13 protein C deficient unrelated patients (11 heterozygous, 2 homozygous), who showed an equivalent reduction of this serine protease at both enzymatic and antigen level. No deletion(s) or rearrangement(s) was demonstrated by Southern blot after hybridization to a cDNA probe. One patient showed a variant restriction pattern after Bam HI digestion, characterized by an abnormal 9.6 kb band in addition to the 8.3 and 1.3 normal ones. Extensive family studies, including 7 heterozygotes with the same clinical phenotype, showed the same abnormal pattern in all and only these heterozygotes. Protein C gene from the propositus was cloned in EMBL3 lambda vector. A 411 bp PstI - SacI fragment from exon 9 encompassing the mutation in the Bam HI site was subcloned in M13mpl8. Its sequence showed a single transversion in the Bam HI palyndrome (GGATCC -> GCATCC) : this causes a substitution of the 402 thryptophan residue with a cystein. The 402 thryptophan residue is constantly conserved in a biochemical domain present in all eukaryotic serine proteases: substitution of the large thryptophan aromatic ring with the small cysteine hydrophilic side-chain conceivably leads to destabilization of the tertiary structure of protein C in these heterozygotes. Thus, the point mutation reported here is sufficient to explain the protein C deficiency in these subjects, and is apparently responsible for their clinical phenotype.
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Hisata, Shu, and Masahito Ebina. "A Novel Missense Mutation In Dyskeratosis Congenita With Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5419.

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Khan, Mudassar A., M. Q. Siddiqui, Ekaterina Kuligina, and Ashok K. Varma. "Multimodal Approach to Characterize Missense Mutation Identified in h-BRCA2." In National Research Scholars' Meet 2021 - Abstracts. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755487.

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Cambraia, Amanda, Mario Campos Junior, Fernanda Gubert, Juliana Ferreira Vasques, Marli Pernes da Silva Loureiro, Claudio Heitor Gress, José Mauro Bráz de Lima, Rosalia Mendez Otero, and Verônica Marques Zembrzuski. "A novel mutation in the RRM2 domain of TDP-43 in a Brazilian sporadic ALS patient." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.486.

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Introduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that selectively affects upper and lower motor neurons. Death occurs within 3 to 5 years of onset, usually from respiratory complications. Most cases of ALS are sporadic (SALS), but familial forms of the disease (FALS) represent approximately 10% of the cases. More than 30 genes have been associated with ALS and mutations in these genes account for more than a half of all familial cases and about 10% of sporadic cases. One of the most prevalent genes is TARDBP, responsible for approximately 4-6% of FALS and nearly 1-2% of SALS cases. The aim of this study was to perform the screening of known ALS genes, to increase the knowledge of the mutations that circulate in the population from Rio de Janeiro. Methods: The screening of mutations was performed through the Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform with the use of a sequencing panel that contained the TARDBP, SOD1, FUS, VAPB, SMN1 and SMN2 genes. Results: A novel missense mutation (p.Phe194Leu) in exon 5 of the TARDBP gene was found in a sporadic male patient who died at the age of 58 (2018). The mutation, a TTT/CTT substitution, was not detected in any mutation databases and in the literature. In silico analysis of this variant with different algorithms were performed and the results pointed to a probably damaging impact and that the mutation is disease causing. Conclusion: Through the study of the ALS genes by the NGS, we were able to identify a novel TARDBP mutation in a non-familial ALS patient. In addition, this study also increases the number of known TARDBP mutations in ALS patients and our knowledge of the mutations that affect the patients from of population from Rio de Janeiro.
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Antonarakis, E. "The Molecular Genetics of Hemophilia A Stylianos." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643980.

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Hemophilia A is a common X linked hereditary disorder of blood coagulation due to deficiency of factor 8. The gene for factor 8 has been cloned and characterized (Nature 312:326-342, 1984). It is divided into 26 exons and 25 introns and spans 186 kb of DNA. The CGNA is 9 kb and codes for 2351 amino acids. The first 19 amino acids comprise the secretory leader peptide and the mature excreted polypeptide consists of 2332 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of the exons and the exon-intron junctions is known and the complete amino acid sequence has been deducedSeveral laboratories have used cloned factor 8 DNA sequences as probes to characterized mutations that are responsible for hemophilia A in certain pedigrees. These mutations have been characterized by restriction analysis, oligonucleotide hybridization, cloning and sequencing of DNA from appropriate patientsIn about 500 patients with hemophilia A examined, the molecular defect has been recognized in 39. Both gross alterations (mainly deletions) and point mutations of the factor 8 gene have been found.A total of 19 different deletions have been observed. No two unrelated pedigrees share the same exact deletion.The size of the deleted DNA varies from 1.5 kb to more than 210 kb. All but one of these deletions are associated with severe hemophilia A. A deletion of 6 kb that contains exon 22 only is associated with moderate hemophilia. Some deletions are present in patients with inhibitors to factor 8. No correlation of the size or the position of the deletions can be found with the presence of inhibitors to factor 8.A total of 20 point mutations have been characterized. All are recognized by restriction analysis and involve Taq I sites. All are mutations of CpG dinucleotides and generate nonsense or missence codons. Unrelated pedigrees have the same single nucleotide change because of independent origin of the same mutation. In many instances de novo occurrence of a point mutation has been observed. CpG dinucleotides are hot spots for mutation to TG or CA presumably because of spontaneous deamination of methylcytosine. Some point mutations are present in patients with inhibitors but no correlation of the site of mutation and inhibitor formation has been found. The nonsense mutations are present in patients with severe hemophilia A. A missense mutation (Arg Gin) in exon 26 was found in a patient with mild hemophilia while another Arg Gin mutation in exon 24 has been observed in a patient with severe disease. The creation of a donor splice site in IVS 4 of factor 8 gene has been observed in a patient with mild hemophilia.Few DNA polymorphisms within the factor 8 gene and two other closely linked polymorphisms have been used for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A. These DNA markers are useful in more than 90% of families at risk for hemophilia A.The author thanks Drs. Gitschier, Din, Olek, Pirastou, Lawn for communication of their data prior to publication.The hemophilia project at Johns Hopkins was supported by an Institutional grant and NIH grant to S.S.A. and Haig H. Kazazian, Jr.
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Ivaskevicius, V., A. Biswas, B. Pezeshkpoor, B. Pötzsch, A. Pavlova, and J. Oldenburg. "A Novel Missense Mutation in ITGB3 Gene Causing Autosomal Dominant Glanzmann Thrombasthenia." In 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677716.

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Mao, Yong, Han Chen, Han Liang, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Gordon Mills, and Ken Chen. "Abstract 5148: CanDrA: Cancer-specific driver missense mutation annotation with optimized features." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5148.

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Zavala, B., S. Akkineni, M. Mirsaeidi, and N. Nasiri. "Novel IL2RG Missense Mutation in a Patient with Recurrent Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a7375.

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Kambouris, Marios, Hibah Shaath, Abeer Fadda, Yasser Al-Sarraj, Sara Tomei, Wang Ena, and Hatem El-Shanti. "OFD1 Missense Mutation Causes an Autosomal Recessive Dyskeratosis Congenita-Like Disorder Further Complicating the Clinical Heterogeneity of OFD1 Mutations." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.hbpp2575.

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Reports on the topic "Missense mutation"

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Weller, Joel I., Derek M. Bickhart, Micha Ron, Eyal Seroussi, George Liu, and George R. Wiggans. Determination of actual polymorphisms responsible for economic trait variation in dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600017.bard.

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The project’s general objectives were to determine specific polymorphisms at the DNA level responsible for observed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to estimate their effects, frequencies, and selection potential in the Holstein dairy cattle breed. The specific objectives were to (1) localize the causative polymorphisms to small chromosomal segments based on analysis of 52 U.S. Holstein bulls each with at least 100 sons with high-reliability genetic evaluations using the a posteriori granddaughter design; (2) sequence the complete genomes of at least 40 of those bulls to 20 coverage; (3) determine causative polymorphisms based on concordance between the bulls’ genotypes for specific polymorphisms and their status for a QTL; (4) validate putative quantitative trait variants by genotyping a sample of Israeli Holstein cows; and (5) perform gene expression analysis using statistical methodologies, including determination of signatures of selection, based on somatic cells of cows that are homozygous for contrasting quantitative trait variants; and (6) analyze genes with putative quantitative trait variants using data mining techniques. Current methods for genomic evaluation are based on population-wide linkage disequilibrium between markers and actual alleles that affect traits of interest. Those methods have approximately doubled the rate of genetic gain for most traits in the U.S. Holstein population. With determination of causative polymorphisms, increasing the accuracy of genomic evaluations should be possible by including those genotypes as fixed effects in the analysis models. Determination of causative polymorphisms should also yield useful information on gene function and genetic architecture of complex traits. Concordance between QTL genotype as determined by the a posteriori granddaughter design and marker genotype was determined for 30 trait-by-chromosomal segment effects that are segregating in the U.S. Holstein population; a probability of <10²⁰ was used to accept the null hypothesis that no segregating gene within the chromosomal segment was affecting the trait. Genotypes for 83 grandsires and 17,217 sons were determined by either complete sequence or imputation for 3,148,506 polymorphisms across the entire genome. Variant sites were identified from previous studies (such as the 1000 Bull Genomes Project) and from DNA sequencing of bulls unique to this project, which is one of the largest marker variant surveys conducted for the Holstein breed of cattle. Effects for stature on chromosome 11, daughter pregnancy rate on chromosome 18, and protein percentage on chromosome 20 met 3 criteria: (1) complete or nearly complete concordance, (2) nominal significance of the polymorphism effect after correction for all other polymorphisms, and (3) marker coefficient of determination >40% of total multiple-regression coefficient of determination for the 30 polymorphisms with highest concordance. The missense polymorphism Phe279Tyr in GHR at 31,909,478 base pairs on chromosome 20 was confirmed as the causative mutation for fat and protein concentration. For effect on fat percentage, 12 additional missensepolymorphisms on chromosome 14 were found that had nearly complete concordance with the suggested causative polymorphism (missense mutation Ala232Glu in DGAT1). The markers used in routine U.S. genomic evaluations were increased from 60,000 to 80,000 by adding markers for known QTLs and markers detected in BARD and other research projects. Objectives 1 and 2 were completely accomplished, and objective 3 was partially accomplished. Because no new clear-cut causative polymorphisms were discovered, objectives 4 through 6 were not completed.
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2

Weller, Joel I., Harris A. Lewin, and Micha Ron. Determination of Allele Frequencies for Quantitative Trait Loci in Commercial Animal Populations. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586473.bard.

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Individual loci affecting economic traits in dairy cattle (ETL) have been detected via linkage to genetic markers by application of the granddaughter design in the US population and the daughter design in the Israeli population. From these analyses it is not possible to determine allelic frequencies in the population at large, or whether the same alleles are segregating in different families. We proposed to answer this question by application of the "modified granddaughter design", in which granddaughters with a common maternal grandsire are both genotyped and analyzed for the economic traits. The objectives of the proposal were: 1) to fine map three segregating ETL previously detected by a daughter design analysis of the Israeli dairy cattle population; 2) to determine the effects of ETL alleles in different families relative to the population mean; 3) for each ETL, to determine the number of alleles and allele frequencies. The ETL on Bostaurusautosome (BT A) 6 chiefly affecting protein concentration was localized to a 4 cM chromosomal segment centered on the microsatellite BM143 by the daughter design. The modified granddaughter design was applied to a single family. The frequency of the allele increasing protein percent was estimated at 0.63+0.06. The hypothesis of equal allelic frequencies was rejected at p<0.05. Segregation of this ETL in the Israeli population was confirmed. The genes IBSP, SPP1, and LAP3 located adjacent to BM143 in the whole genome cattle- human comparative map were used as anchors for the human genome sequence and bovine BAC clones. Fifteen genes within 2 cM upstream of BM143 were located in the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4q22 and HSA4p15. Only a single gene, SLIT2, was located within 2 cM downstream of BM143 in the orthologous HSA4p15 region. The order of these genes, as derived from physical mapping of BAC end sequences, was identical to the order within the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4: FAM13A1, HERC3. CEB1, FLJ20637, PP2C-like, ABCG2, PKD2. SPP, MEP, IBSP, LAP3, EG1. KIAA1276, HCAPG, MLR1, BM143, and SLIT2. Four hundred and twenty AI bulls with genetic evaluations were genotyped for 12 SNPs identified in 10 of these genes, and for BM143. Seven SNPs displayed highly significant linkage disequilibrium effects on protein percentage (P<0.000l) with the greatest effect for SPP1. None of SNP genotypes for two sires heterozygous for the ETL, and six sires homozygous for the ETL completely corresponded to the causative mutation. The expression of SPP 1 and ABCG2 in the mammary gland corresponded to the lactation curve, as determined by microarray and QPCR assays, but not in the liver. Anti-sense SPP1 transgenic mice displayed abnormal mammary gland differentiation and milk secretion. Thus SPP 1 is a prime candidate gene for this ETL. We confirmed that DGAT1 is the ETL segregating on BTA 14 that chiefly effects fat concentration, and that the polymorphism is due to a missense mutation in an exon. Four hundred Israeli Holstein bulls were genotyped for this polymorphism, and the change in allelic frequency over the last 20 years was monitored.
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