Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mise au point d'un outil diagnostique'
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Zambon, Azevedo Vittoria. "Mise au point d’un nouvel outil diagnostique de l’obésité sarcopénique : relations avec la dysfonction du tissu adipeux, l’insulinorésistance et la sévérité de l’atteinte hépatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS170.pdf.
Full textSarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition characterized by the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, the latter defined as a reduction in muscle mass and function. Diagnosing SO is highly complex due to the lack of universally accepted diagnostic criteria, leading to imprecise diagnoses and highly variable prevalence estimates. Given this scenario, this thesis aimed to develop an empirical diagnostic tool for SO using artificial intelligence, based on the analysis of body composition. We developed the AIM-SO score in a population of patients with overweight/obesity and tested it in two other populations: patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) and the general population of the UK Biobank. A longitudinal study with a one-year follow-up was conducted in subjects who underwent BS. We examined clinical correlations, particularly cardiometabolic and hepatic, including perioperative histological findings in the bariatric cohort. The prevalence of SO was similar across these three cohorts. SO diagnosed by the AIM-SO score was associated with multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities and more severe inflammatory and fibrosing liver damage. Despite weight loss, the metabolic benefit (remission of comorbidities) after BS was lower in patients with SO. Preliminary analyses of the UK Biobank cohort showed a significant association between SO diagnosed by the AIM-SO score and parameters of muscular functionality, particularly muscle strength. We propose this new diagnostic tool to standardize the SO diagnosis and identify patients with obesity and sarcopenia who exhibit more severe cardiometabolic and hepatic phenotype. Diagnosing SO could also inform the expected benefit of various weight loss interventions, thus contributing to personalized medical management
LE, MERCIER PHILIPPE. "Mise au point d'un outil de genetique inverse pour les lyssavirus." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066736.
Full textLavisse, Sonia. "Mise au point d'un produit de contraste échographique à visée diagnostique et thérapeutique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T082.
Full textTesta, Rodolphe. "Mise au point d'un outil de mesure de la cinématique du genou en contexte clinique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751932.
Full textCapony, Adrien. "Evaluation environnementale d'un chantier de terrassement : mise au point d'un outil paramétrable de mesure d'émissions relative aux engins de terrassement." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDN0002.
Full textUnder the guidance of project managers, the earthwork sector undergoes profound changes. While it has long been conditioned by technical and economic constraints, earthworks have now to consider many environmental issues in order to comply with the French Grenelle Round Table laws and gain access to contracts. From an environmental point of view, current researches aim at creating database representative of the construction sector impacts. As a matter of fact, earthworks characteristics involve very different issues that these concerning pavements, hot mix plants, etc. While comparing to various construction sectors, the large volume of moved earth induces lager fuel consumption by working machines and related emission of toxic compounds. Since nearly one liter of fuel is consumed per cubic meter of moved material, the environmental impacts cannot be neglected. In a first step, we proposed a methodology for analyzing the earthwork activity by identifying elementary tasks and associated fuel consumption so as to probe their relative importance. This based on the extensive survey of earthworks and the development of a basic earthmoving model. In a second step, we constructed a database for earthwork machinery in-situ emissions. There is currently very little data available in the literature. Furthermore, the latter usually base on combusted fuel with average emission factors for heavy duty on-road transports and theoretical combustion equation data. This hardly fit to the specific and highly variable driving cycle of the earthwork machines. Hence, we developed an original approach that allowed measuring in-situ the actual regulated pollutants emissions of working machines. This included the set up of an innovative experimental protocol and use of several analyzers that were not initially designed to endure the extreme conditions typical of an earthwork site. Lastly, once the data have been collected and processed, these were implemented in the new database and a numerical tool dedicated to the calculation of earthwork machines emissions. In spite of the investigated fleet and collection time limitations, this thesis consists of the first stage to a broader environmental assessment of earthwork machines emissions. It thus sets a framework for future cooperation with machines manufacturers, which so far very were cautious over the idea such partnerships
GONTIKAKIS, CONSTANTIN. "Mise au point d'un outil d'operations, d'analyse et d'archivage de donnees nomme medoc (multi experiments data operation center)." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112506.
Full textGrebert-Roederer, Mariette. "Connaissances, attitudes et comportement alimentaire d'adolescents issus de milieux défavorisés. Mise au point d'un outil interactif d'éducation nutritionnelle." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0387_GREBERT_ROEDERER.pdf.
Full textKieken, Fanny. "Mise au point d'un nouvel outil de dépistage de l'administration de l'hormone de croissance équine recombinante par approche métabolomique." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2028.
Full textThe growth hormone is a peptidic molecule with anabolic activity potentially used to improve horse athletic efficiency and to increase the production profitability of farm animals. However, the legislation is very strict and the use of this molecule or its recombinant form is strictly forbidden by the races code and the European directives in force. Despite the numerous scientific progresses achieved recently, the control of growth administration remains difficult. New methods of detection and identification to improve the control of illegal use of growth promoters have recently been developed. The phD thesis work presented in this manuscript has been conducted in this context. An untargeted approach based on metabolomic study was developed to highlight equine urinary and plasmatic metabolic disruptions induced by the administration of recombinant equine growth hormone. The results obtained by LC-HRMS have demonstrated the analytical feasibility, relevance and usefulness of this approach since descriptive and predictive models able to discriminate non-treated from growth hormone treated horses have been established and validated. This method is currently being assessed in the French laboratory of horse racing. The development of such new metabolomic studies in conjunction with other omic techniques such as transcriptomic or proteomic suggests that these new strategies could improve the anti-doping control in the future
Dedieu, Nicolas. "Mise au point d'un outil d'évaluation de la qualité biologique des petites rivières de Guyane sur la base des invertébrés benthiques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2559/.
Full textThe European Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to achieve a rapid improvement of the water quality, in each member state, and to achieve good ecological status of rivers by 2015. This new directive implies not only to assess the degree of pollution but also to define an ecological state of the environment in relation to a reference condition. This has prompted a large amount of works which yielded characterizations of both reference physical-chemical environments and biological communities in continental Europe, as well as practical tools (e. G. , biological indices) to evaluate water quality. Although geographically distant the continent, DOMs are an integral part of the European Union and are subject to the same objectives and obligations in terms of environmental policies. French Guiana (FG) is an overseas region of France located on the north-eastern coast of South America. The Guianese primary forest remains one of the least impacted of the World, however, gold mining and timber have strong localized impacts upon river ecosystems. Small streams (from headwaters to rivers with depth inferior to 1 meter and width inferior to10 meters) represent 70-80% of all running waters in FG. Most small streams are located in forested areas and exhibit high ecological quality; some if not most of them have never been impacted by any human activity. The main objective of this thesis was to design a biotic index to assess the ecological quality of small streams of FG. We first analysed the effects of disturbance on the physical-chemical quality of ecosystems. Then, we brought out the first typology of community structure in relation to environmental conditions. The identification of the sub-ecological regions and the references conditions allowed us to build a first multi-metric. Finally, a functional approach based on Ephemeroptera was used in order to provide new information on the ecology of this important order of macroinvertebrates. We first demonstrated that physical variables describing the river bottom, and suspended solids discriminate gold-mined from reference sites, while, whatever the type of impact encountered, nutrient concentrations do not prove relevant to measure human impacts. The bio-typology showed that sites characterized by invertebrate communities clustered into two major subsets: the coastal alluvial plain and the Guiana Shield. Changes in community composition, and to a lesser extent taxonomic richness within each sub region revealed ecological impacts of gold mining and logging. Among the biological metrics calculated from the hydro-ecoregions subsets of reference and impaired sites, we selected metrics exhibiting the best trade-off between high discrimination efficiency, low specificity, low redundancy and high stability under reference conditions. The IBMG is composed of two taxonomic richness-based metrics, two abundance-based metrics, one trait-related metric and a diversity index. Results on Ephemeroptera communities put in light the important role of this order for the bio-evaluation of small streams submitted to gold-mining. Future fundamental research on the ecology and the taxonomy of this order should thus improve the current bioassessment tool. Finally, this work highlighted the fact that headwater stream small of FG potentially harbor a rich and specific fauna
Cozian, Gaela Jolliet Pascale. "Prise en charge à l'officine des pharmacodépendances médicamenteuses création et mise au point d'un outil d'évaluation et d'orientation des patients pharmacodépendants /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHcozian.pdf.
Full textBolnot, François-Henri. "Mise au point d'un outil de maîtrise de la qualité en restauration hors foyer : valeur prédictive vis à vis du péril fécal." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10237.
Full textLamesa, Chloé. "Technique diagnostique en deux temps pour l'imagerie moléculaire en oncologie : mise au point d'un anticorps bispécifique et études radiochimiques sur le marquage au 68Ga." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9e91d444-2949-4b78-b9e7-c1b4a3c860ef.
Full textIn this study, the affinity enhancement system is proposed with nuclear imaging using gallium-68. This work is presented in two parts. The first part investigates new chemistry system used N,N′-(o-phenylene)dimalemide to produce a bispecific antibody which targets a tumour antigen and a hapten. The second part evaluates radiolabel and radiochemistry properties of 68Ga complexes using two chelators in order to radiolabel divalent hapten named di-HSGL. Synthesise optimisations show that the optimal digestion of antibody is realized with 5 % of pepsin (p/p). F(ab')2 reduction studies indicate that cysteamine, a soft powerful reducing agent, is enough to reduce disulfide bonds and does protect the integrity of created Fab'. Eventually, the affinity studies of the new divalent vector confirm the good affinity constants to both antigen and hapten. The second part presents radiochemistry studies of DOTA and HBED chelators for 68Ga. They show HBED is more interesting than DOTA to radiolabel hapten with 68Ga. Radiolabel is made at room temperature. Its specific activity is better than DOTA's one. Radiolabel rate and method optimization should allow to inject the final product without purification stage
Wipf, Daniel. "Polymorphismes protéique et génomique au sein des Morchellaceae : mise au point d'un outil moléculaire adapté à l'étude de l'écologie du genre Morchella en milieu forestier." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0244_WIPF.pdf.
Full textLeblanc, Karina. "Mise au point d'un outil moléculaire de détection et de quantification du Rhizoctonia solani, groupe anastomotique 3 (AG-3), agent pathogène de la pomme de terre." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/MQ47214.pdf.
Full textOlivero, Davide. "L'ichnofaciès à zoophycos et sa signification paléoenvironnementale : mise au point d'un outil bio-sédimentaire (d'après les données des séries du jurassique du sud-est de la France)." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10220.
Full textBiet, Elodie. "Effet de certaines séquences de l'ADN sur la recombinaison génétique homologue : mise au point d'un nouvel outil moléculaire pour le ciblage de gène dans les cellules eucaryotes." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066038.
Full textBendedouch, Faouzia Boulfekhar. "Conception et réalisation d'un système d'apprentissage des protocoles de communication assisté par ordinateur : système d'aide à la mise au point des protocoles." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30010.
Full textBouvet, Delphine. "Syndrome de Lynch : mise au point d'un test diagnostique basé sur la caractérisation fonctionnelle de tolérance à la méthylation des variants des gènes du système de réparation des mésappariements." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS527.
Full textLynch syndrome (LS) is the leading cause of familial colorectal cancer. It is due to mono-allelic germ-line mutations affecting the genes of the MisMatch Repair (MMR) system, mainly MLH1 and MSH2. The diagnosis is based on the detection of pathogenic MMR mutations, which raises the issue of the functional interpretation of the identified variants, often equivocal since 30% of the detected MLH1 and MSH2 alterations are variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Our goal was to develop a functional test to discriminate these VUS. Inactivation of the MMR system makes the cells tolerant to DNA methylation lesions and allows them to escape apoptosis. Our experimental strategy relies on the ability of MLH1 and MSH2 variants to complement the MMR deficiency of a cell line. Briefly, a restoration of sensitivity to methylation is expected if the transfected variant is non-pathogenic. We first tested 40 MLH1 and MSH2 variants whose pathogenicity or neutrality was known. The method correctly classified 39/40 variants, which validated our approach. The technique, which was then applied to a series of 49 MLH1 and MSH2 VUS to be characterized, made it possible to propose a classification for 41/49 (83%) of the VUS. The other available data (clinical, somatic, in silico and eventually functional) confirm our screen results. In the future, this DNA damage signaling assay could be available in routine diagnostics to study all the detected VUS in patients and improve the diagnosis of LS
Pelletier, Julien. "IDENTIFICATION ET CARACTERISATION MOLECULAIRE DE GENES IMPLIQUES DANS LA RECEPTION PHEROMONALE PERIPHERIQUE ET MISE AU POINT D'UN OUTIL D'ANALYSE FONCTIONNELLE CHEZ UN LEPIDOPTERE : LE VER A SOIE, BOMBYX MORI." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811539.
Full textGauvent, Marc. "Optimisation de la durée de vie d'un outil de coupe pour l'industrie du bois : analyse et compréhension des modes d'usure : mise au point de solutions innovantes avec tests industriels." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/SCD_T_2006_0215_GAUVENT.pdf.
Full textFor each kind of production, the tool's wear can make important consequences on her. Wear is a common subject through the industry, and this phenomenon mastering always makes an advancement for entreprises who are interested in. This work deals with the wear phenomenon decomposition between different processable studies in order to permit a study and a global comprehension of this complex phenomenon. That's why we decided to separate the general cutting hedge general wear in wood industry second transformation between two parts : corrosion and abrasion. According to the wood material and his cutting specificities, the corrosion study was made by an electrochemistry test adaptation whereas the abrasion one needed the creation of a specific testing stand : TEEMO. To complete this study, we carried out experiments on generated temperature during the machining process. Through all this project, the results validates the departure theories i. E. Corrosion and abrasion have interaction to generate the cutting hedge global wear. With the sights of this work, the chemical composition of the cutting material is a factor as important as the material mechanic properties against the wear
Cabelguenne, Delphine. "Mise au point d'un outil de formation des infirmières pour le bon usage du nécessaire à perfusion à l'hôpital : contributions de la théorie des représentations sociales à la description des pratiques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T244.
Full textJoron, Jean-Louis. "Elements hygromagmaphiles : concepts, methodes d'etude. applications a l'etude de la petrogenese des magmas et aux proprietes de leurs sources mantelliques. mise au point et valorisation d'un outil geochimique : l'analyse par activation neutronique." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077112.
Full textVernay, Laurent. "Mise au point d'un outil d'aide à la gestion et à la définition d'une politique de l'eau dans les îles méditerranéennes, s'appuyant sur des techniques adaptées : le cas de Formentera (Baléares, Espagne)." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20169.
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