Journal articles: 'Miscele innovative'

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Alonso, Dominique, Thierry Cachot, and Jean-Marie Hornut. "Experimental study of an innovative absorption heat transformer using partially miscible working mixtures." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 42, no. 6 (June 2003): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1290-0729(03)00028-0.

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Vignati, Emanuele, Alberto Cominelli, Roberto Rossi, and Paolo Roscini. "Innovative Implementation of Compositional Delumping in Integrated Asset Modeling." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 12, no. 04 (August 5, 2009): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/113769-pa.

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Summary In reservoir simulations, it is common practice to use a limited number of components to describe the reservoir fluids, ranging from 2 (black-oil models) to 5-12 [compositional equation-of-state (EOS) based models]. On the opposite, surface models usually require a greater number of components, typically from 15 to 30. The hydrocarbon components used in surface models are usually lumped into pseudocomponents in reservoir simulations. This disparity in the description of the mixture may become an issue whenever integrated asset models are developed, with the aim of linking surface process and reservoir engineering. In this paper we implemented a consistent integrated simulation workflow from reservoir to process. Process models with detailed compositional formulation were linked to compositionally simpler reservoir models, using Leibovic's delumping scheme (Leibovic et al. 1996, 2000) to convert fluid composition between EOSs with different component numbers. The proposed workflow was applied to simulate two different recovery processes, namely a gas injection below the dewpoint in a sour gas/condensate reservoir; and a miscible gas injection in a near-critical volatile oil reservoir. Results of this implementation, in which detailed components are traced in reservoir model, are compared to integrated simulations in which all stages are modeled using detailed composition.

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Selveindran, Anand, Zeinab Zargar, Seyed Mahdi Razavi, and Ganesh Thakur. "Fast Optimization of Injector Selection for Waterflood, CO2-EOR and Storage Using an Innovative Machine Learning Framework." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 15, 2021): 7628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227628.

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Optimal injector selection is a key oilfield development endeavor that can be computationally costly. Methods proposed in the literature to reduce the number of function evaluations are often designed for pattern level analysis and do not scale easily to full field analysis. These methods are rarely applied to both water and miscible gas floods with carbon storage objectives; reservoir management decision making under geological uncertainty is also relatively underexplored. In this work, several innovations are proposed to efficiently determine the optimal injector location under geological uncertainty. A geomodel ensemble is prepared in order to capture the range of geological uncertainty. In these models, the reservoir is divided into multiple well regions that are delineated through spatial clustering. Streamline simulation results are used to train a meta-learner proxy. A posterior sampling algorithm evaluates injector locations across multiple geological realizations. The proposed methodology was applied to a producing field in Asia. The proxy predicted optimal injector locations for water and CO2 EOR and storage floods within several seconds (94–98% R2 scores). Blind tests with geomodels not used in training yielded accuracies greater than 90% (R2 scores). Posterior sampling selected optimal injection locations within minutes compared to hours using numerical simulation. This methodology enabled the rapid evaluation of injector well location for a variety of flood projects. This will aid reservoir managers to rapidly make field development decisions for field scale injection and storage projects under geological uncertainty.

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Mohanty, Priyabrata, Dibakar Behera, Shiv kumari Panda, Tapan Kumar Bastia, and Prasanta Rath. "Hybrid Composite Laminates from UPE/ESOA Blend Reinforced with Chitosan and Bamboo Fiber: A Study of Mechanical and Thermal Properties." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 6 (2020): 1321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22550.

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The development of an inter-cross-linked polymer network of thermoset-thermoset blends have been extensively studied due to their enhanced mechanical properties. Among various polymer blends, modifications of unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin with epoxidized soybean oil acrylate (ESOA) combinations are an attractive route to promote the performance of the thermoset matrix and to overcome the inferior properties of both the components. Biodegradable and effectively accessible chitosan biodegradable waste material can shape the new stage for cutting-edge innovation items. Blend of both recyclable fibrous reinforcement and eco-friendly filler with two miscible thermosetting polymers will provide enhanced properties. At this time, chitosan up to 15 wt% (based on matrix weight) was utilized as reinforcing filler. At last, an interesting result was built up by confirming that chitosan filled chemically tailored bamboo and UPE/ESOA (80:20) biocomposites offered enhanced properties by 10 wt% of filler concentration with the most enhancements in whole properties. They have extensive variety of applications in the sector of low cost housing, structural projects and structural laminates.

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Chirio, Daniela, Elena Peira, Chiara Dianzani, Elisabetta Muntoni, Casimiro Gigliotti, Benedetta Ferrara, Simona Sapino, Giulia Chindamo, and Marina Gallarate. "Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Cold Dilution of Microemulsions: Curcumin Loading, Preliminary In Vitro Studies, and Biodistribution." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020230.

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Background: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are attractive drug delivery systems for lipophilic molecules like curcumin (CURC) with low chemical stability. Methods: A simple, innovative, and cold-operating method, named “cold dilution of microemulsion” is developed by the authors to produce SLNs. An oil-in-water microemulsion (µE), whose disperse phase consisted of a solution of trilaurin in a partially water-miscible solvent, was prepared after mutually saturating solvent and water. Trilaurin SLNs precipitated following solvent removal upon water dilution of the µE. After SLN characterization (mean size, Zeta potential, CURC entrapment efficiency, and over time stability), they were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity studies on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines and for in vivo preliminary biodistribution studies in Wistar healthy rats. Results: CURC loaded SLNs (SLN-CURC) had mean diameters around 200 nm, were negatively charged, stable over time, and able to entrap CURC up to almost 90%, consequently improving its stability. SLN-CURC inhibited in vitro pancreatic carcinoma cell growth in concentration-dependent manner. Their in vivo intravenous administration suggested a possible long circulation. Conclusions: These results, according to a concomitant study on chitosan-coated SLNs, confirm the possibility to apply the developed SLN-based delivery systems as a means to entrap CURC, to improve both its water dispersibility and chemical stability, facilitating its application in therapy.

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H, Fan. "Study on Validation of the OPM Reservoir Simulator by Comparative Solution Project." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 4, no. 4 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000241.

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The Open Porous Media (OPM) reservoir simulation toolkit is a free and open-source development in the reservoir simulation world and one that has received very little attention. OPM Flow is a fully-implicit, black-oil simulator capable of running industry-standard simulation models, which encourage open innovation and reproducible research on modeling and simulation of porous media processes. This study validates and assesses the capabilities of OPM Flow comparing with the industry standard ECLIPSE simulator. Several tests were conducted in order to validate the simulator, including a zero- balance test, symmetrical well test, three simulation models based on the SPE Comparative Solution Project, and a real world dataset from the Norne oilfield in Norway. This variety of tests covers a wide range of reservoir types and specific operating conditions which are representative of expected applications of the software. By comparison it is concluded that OPM Flow reservoir simulator can be considered a validated and capable reservoir simulator that is able to compete with Schlumberger ECLIPSE in many cases and shows great potential for future development. In addition, a basic user interface for queuing and running simulations through the OPM Flow simulator was developed using the Python programming language as well as some modifications to the miscible flooding solver.

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Burachok, Oleksandr, Mariana Laura Nistor, Giovanni Sosio, Oleksandr Kondrat, and Serhii Matkivskyi. "Potential Application of CO2 for Enhanced Condensate Recovery Combined with Geological Storage in the Depleted Gas-Condensate Reservoirs." Management Systems in Production Engineering 29, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2021-0014.

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Abstract CO2 emissions are considered to be the main contributor to global warming and climate change. One of the ways reducing the emissions to atmosphere is a proper capture and further geological storage of the carbon dioxide. In the oil industry, CO2 is used as one of the injection agents to displace oil and enhance its recovery. Due to the low multi-contact miscibility pressure between CO2 and hydrocarbons, fully miscible condition is quickly reached, leading to efficient displacement and high recovery factors. The utilization of the depleted gas fields for CO2 storage, however, is considered as the option that is more expensive compared to oil field, since the enhanced recovery of gas with CO2 is not effective. For this reason, our study considers the potential use of CO2 EOR in depleted gas-condensate fields. This potential is evaluated by performing numerical simulations for the typical-size gascondensate reservoirs with no active aquifer, in order to estimate both the storage efficiency and the additional oil recovery from condensed C5+ hydrocarbon fractions, that otherwise will be never recovered and lost in the reservoir. Obtained results indicate significant potential for CO2 storage and additional condensate recovery from the typical gas-condensate field of Eastern Ukraine.

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Kontárová, Soňa, Radek Přikryl, Veronika Melčová, Přemysl Menčík, Matyáš Horálek, Silvestr Figalla, Roderik Plavec, Jozef Feranc, Jiří Sadílek, and Aneta Pospíšilová. "Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 4736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214736.

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This paper investigates the effect of plasticizer structure on especially the printability and mechanical and thermal properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid)-plasticizer biodegradable blends. Three plasticizers, acetyl tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, and poly(ethylene glycol)bis(2-ethylhexanoate), were first checked whether they were miscible with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid) (PHB-PLA) blends using a kneading machine. PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends of 60-25-15 (wt.%) were then prepared using a corotating meshing twin-screw extruder, and a single screw extruder was used for filament preparation for further three-dimensional (3D) fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing. These innovative eco-friendly PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends were created with a majority of PHB, and therefore, poor mechanical properties and thermal properties of neat PHB-PLA blends were improved by adding appropriate plasticizer. The plasticizer also influences the printability of blends, which was investigated, based on our new specific printability tests developed for the optimization of printing conditions (especially printing temperature). Three-dimensional printed test samples were used for heat deflection temperature measurements and Charpy and tensile-impact tests. Plasticizer migration was also investigated. The macrostructure of 3D printed samples was observed using an optical microscope to check the printing quality and printing conditions. Tensile tests of 3D printed samples (dogbones), as well as extruded filaments, showed that measured elongation at break raised, from 21% for non-plasticized PHB-PLA reference blends to 84% for some plasticized blends in the form of filaments and from 10% (reference) to 32% for plasticized blends in the form of printed dogbones. Measurements of thermal properties (using modulated differential scanning calorimetry and oscillation rheometry) also confirmed the plasticizing effect on blends. The thermal and mechanical properties of PHB-PLA blends were improved by the addition of appropriate plasticizer. In contrast, the printability of the PHB-PLA reference seems to be slightly better than the printability of the plasticized blends.

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Monaci, Massimiliano. "L'innovazione sostenibile d'impresa come integrazione di responsabilitŕ e opportunitŕ sociali." STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI, no. 2 (April 2013): 26–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/so2012-002002.

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Le concezioni e le prassi di responsabilitŕ sociale d'impresa (CSR, corporate social responsibility) che si sono affermate sino a tempi molto recenti riflettono prevalentemente una logica reattiva, incentrata sulla necessitŕ delle aziende di rilegittimarsi nei confronti dei loro stakeholder corrispondendo alla richiesta di riduzione e prevenzione dei costi sociali legati all'attivitŕ d'impresa (degrado ecologico, disoccupazione conseguente a ristrutturazioni, ecc.). Tuttavia l'attuale periodo, anche per le incertezze e questioni poste dalla crisi economica, rappresenta una fase singolarmente feconda per andare oltre questo approccio adattivo e raccogliere la sfida di una visione piů avanzata della dimensione sociale dell'agire d'impresa come innovazione sostenibile. Tale modello si basa sulla valorizzazione di beni, risorse ed esigenze di significato sociale ed č indirizzato alla creazione di valore integrato - economico, umano-sociale e ambientale - nel lungo termine. La caratteristica centrale di questo profilo d'impresa č la tendenza a operare in maniera socialmente proattiva, sviluppando un'attitudine a cogliere o persino anticipare le direzioni del cambiamento sociale con i suoi bisogni e problemi emergenti e facendo sě che l'integrazione di obiettivi economici e socio-ambientali nei processi strategico-produttivi si traduca in fattore di differenziazione dell'offerta di mercato e in una reale fonte di vantaggio competitivo. Nel presente lavoro si indica la praticabilitŕ di un simile modello riferendosi ai risultati di una recente indagine condotta su un campione di dieci imprese italiane, eterogenee per dimensioni, collocazione geografica, fase del ciclo di vita e settori di attivitŕ, che si estendono da comparti tradizionali (come quelli alimentare, edilizio, sanitario, dell'arredamento e della finanza) a campi di piů recente definizione e a piů elevato tasso di cambiamento tecnologico (quali l'ingegneria informatica, la comunicazione multimediale, il controllo dei processi industriali e il risanamento ambientale). La logica di azione di queste organizzazioni sembra ruotare intorno a una duplice dinamica di "valorizzazione del contesto": da un lato, l'internalizzazione nella strategia d'impresa di richieste e al contempo di risorse sociali orientate a una maggiore attenzione per l'ambiente naturale, per la qualitŕ della vita collettiva nei territori, per i diritti e lo sviluppo delle persone dentro e fuori gli ambienti di lavoro; dall'altro lato, la capacitŕ, a valle dell'attivitŕ di mercato, di produrre valore economico e profitti generando anche valore per la societŕ. Nei casi analizzati č presente la valorizzazione delle risorse ambientali, che si esprime mediante la riprogettazione di prodotti e processi e politiche di efficienza energetica di rifornimento da fonti di energia rinnovabile, raccordandosi con nuove aspettative sociali rispetto alla questione ecologica. Č coltivato il valore umano nel rapporto spesso personalizzato con i clienti e i partner di business ma anche nella vita interna d'impresa, attraverso dinamiche di ascolto e coinvolgimento che creano spazi per la soddisfazione di svariati bisogni e aspirazioni che gli individui riversano nella sfera lavorativa, aldilŕ di quelli retributivi. C'č empowerment del "capitale sociale" dentro e intorno all'organizzazione, ravvisabile specialmente quando le condotte d'impresa fanno leva su risorse relazionali e culturali del territorio e si legano a meccanismi di valorizzazione dello sviluppo locale. Troviamo inoltre il riconoscimento e la produzione di "valore etico" per il modo in cui una serie di principi morali (quali la trasparenza, il mantenimento degli impegni, il rispetto di diritti delle persone) costituiscono criteri ispiratori dell'attivitŕ di business e ne escono rafforzati come ingredienti primari del fare impresa. E c'č, naturalmente, produzione di valore competitivo, una capacitŕ di stare e avere successo nel mercato che si sostiene sull'intreccio di vari elementi. Uno di essi coincide con l'uso della leva economico-finanziaria come risorsa irrinunciabile per l'investimento in innovazione, piuttosto che in un'ottica di contenimento dei costi relativi a fattori di gestione - come la formazione - che possono anche rivelarsi non immediatamente produttivi. Altrettanto cruciali risultano una serie di componenti intangibili che, oltre alla gestione delle risorse umane, sono essenzialmente riconducibili a due aspetti. Il primo č lo sviluppo di know-how, in cui la conoscenza che confluisce nelle soluzioni di business č insieme tecnica e socio-culturale perché derivante dalla combinazione di cognizioni specializzate di settore, acquisite in virtů di una costante apertura alla sperimentazione, e insieme di mappe di riferimento e criteri di valutazione collegati alla cultura aziendale. L'altro fattore immateriale alla base del valore competitivo consiste nell'accentuato posizionamento di marchio, con la capacitŕ di fornire un'offerta di mercato caratterizzata da: a) forte specificitŕ rispetto ai concorrenti (distintivi contenuti tecnici di qualitŕ e professionalitŕ e soprattutto la corrispondenza alle esigenze dei clienti/consumatori e al loro cambiamento); b) bassa replicabilitŕ da parte di altri operatori, dovuta al fatto che le peculiaritŕ dell'offerta sono strettamente legate alla particolare "miscela" degli altri valori appena considerati (valore umano, risorse relazionali, know-how, ecc.). Ed č significativo notare come nelle imprese osservate questi tratti di marcata differenziazione siano stati prevalentemente costruiti attraverso pratiche di attenzione sociale non modellate su forme di CSR convenzionali o facilmente accessibili ad altri (p.es. quelle che si esauriscono nell'adozione di strumenti pur importanti quali il bilancio sociale e il codice etico); ciň che si tratti - per fare qualche esempio tratto dal campione - di offrire servizi sanitari di qualitŕ a tariffe accessibili, di supportare gli ex-dipendenti che avviano un'attivitŕ autonoma inserendoli nel proprio circuito di business o di promuovere politiche di sostenibilitŕ nel territorio offrendo alle aziende affiliate servizi tecnologici ad alta prestazione ambientale per l'edilizia. Le esperienze indagate confermano il ruolo di alcune condizioni dell'innovazione sostenibile d'impresa in vario modo giŕ indicate dalla ricerca piů recente: la precocitŕ e l'orientamento di lungo periodo degli investimenti in strategie di sostenibilitŕ, entrambi favoriti dal ruolo centrale ricoperto da istanze socio-ambientali nelle fasi iniziali dell'attivitŕ d'impresa; l'anticipazione, ovvero la possibilitŕ di collocarsi in una posizione di avanguardia e spesso di "conformitŕ preventiva" nei confronti di successive regolamentazioni pubbliche in grado di incidere seriamente sulle pratiche di settore; la disseminazione di consapevolezza interna, a partire dai livelli decisionali dell'organizzazione, intorno al significato per le strategie d'impresa di obiettivi e condotte operative riconducibili alla sostenibilitŕ; l'incorporamento strutturale degli strumenti e delle soluzioni di azione sostenibile nei core-processes organizzativi, dalla ricerca e sviluppo di prodotti/ servizi all'approvvigionamento, dall'infrastruttura produttiva al marketing. Inoltre, l'articolo individua e discute tre meccanismi che sembrano determinanti nei percorsi di innovazione sostenibile osservati e che presentano, per certi versi, alcuni aspetti di paradosso. Il primo č dato dalla coesistenza di una forte tradizione d'impresa, spesso orientata sin dall'inizio verso opzioni di significato sociale dai valori e dall'esperienza dell'imprenditore-fondatore, e di apertura alla novitŕ. Tale equilibrio č favorito da processi culturali di condivisione e di sviluppo interni della visione di business, da meccanismi di leadership dispersa, nonché da uno stile di apprendimento "incrementale" mediante cui le nuove esigenze e opportunitŕ proposte dalla concreta gestione d'impresa conducono all'adozione di valori e competenze integrabili con quelli tradizionali o addirittura in grado di potenziarli. In secondo luogo, si riscontra la tendenza a espandersi nel contesto, tipicamente tramite strategie di attraversamento di confini tra settori (p.es., alimentando sinergie pubblico-private) e forme di collaborazione "laterale" con gli interlocutori dell'ambiente di business e sociale; e al contempo la tendenza a includere il contesto, ricavandone stimoli e sollecitazioni, ma anche risorse e contributi, per la propria attivitŕ (p.es., nella co-progettazione dei servizi/prodotti). La terza dinamica, infine, tocca piů direttamente la gestione delle risorse umane. Le "persone dell'organizzazione" rappresentano non soltanto uno dei target destinatari delle azioni di sostenibilitŕ (nelle pratiche di selezione, formazione e sviluppo, welfare aziendale, ecc.) ma anche, piů profondamente, il veicolo fondamentale della realizzazione e del successo di tali azioni. Si tratta, cioč, di realtŕ organizzative in cui la valorizzazione delle persone muove dagli impatti sulle risorse umane, in sé cruciali in una prospettiva di sostenibilitŕ, agli impatti delle risorse umane attraverso il loro ruolo diretto e attivo nella gestione dei processi di business, nella costruzione di partnership con gli stakeholder e nei meccanismi di disseminazione interna di una cultura socialmente orientata. In tal senso, si distingue un rapporto circolare di rinforzo reciproco tra la "cittadinanza nell'impresa" e la "cittadinanza dell'impresa"; vale a dire, tra i processi interni di partecipazione/identificazione del personale nei riguardi delle prioritŕ dell'organizzazione e la capacitŕ di quest'ultima di generare valore molteplice e "condiviso" nel contesto (con i clienti, il tessuto imprenditoriale, le comunitŕ, gli interlocutori pubblici, ecc.). In conclusione, le imprese osservate appaiono innovative primariamente perché in grado di praticare la sostenibilitŕ in termini non solo di responsabilitŕ ma anche di opportunitŕ per la competitivitŕ organizzativa. Questa analisi suggerisce quindi uno sguardo piů ampio sulle implicazioni strategiche della CSR e invita a riflettere su come le questioni e i bisogni di rilievo sociale, a partire da quelli emergenti o acuiti dalla crisi economica (nel campo della salute, dei servizi alle famiglie, della salvaguardia ambientale, ecc.), possano e forse debbano oggi sempre piů situarsi al centro - e non alla periferia - del business e della prestazione di mercato delle imprese.

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Sacchi, M. C. "Il Gel Piastrinico in chirurgia orale." Working Paper of Public Health 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/wpph.2012.6777.

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Obiettivi: L’utilizzo topico di emocomponenti autologhi, il concentrato piastrinico (CP) ed il plasma povero di piastrine, rappresenta una delle strategie più innovative per modulare ed amplificare i processi di guarigione e di rigenerazione tessutale. Con questo studio si è dimostrato che l’applicazione del gel piastrinico, quando viene applicato in chirurgia orale ed in particolare nell’implantologia, è in grado di migliorare ed accelerare i processi osteogenetici; Metodologia: il CP, preparato a partire da un prelievo contenuto di sangue venoso (30-60 ml), viene attivato mediante una miscela di calcio gluconato e batroxobina (un enzima similtrombinico). Nell’arco di 3-5 minuti si ottiene un bioprodotto pronto per rilasciare in situ, verosimilmente, quei GFs fondamentali per la guarigione e la rigenerazione dei tessuti circostanti.; Conclusioni: il gel piastrinico, una biotecnologia efficace, semplice e dai costi contenuti, offre ai clinici l’opportunità di poter disporre di uno strumento innovativo atto a ridurre i tempi di guarigione e le complicanze post-operative, migliorando notevolmente la qualità di vita dei pazienti;

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Hidayatno, Akhmad, Armand Omar Moeis, and Achmad Yusaq Faiz Fadin. "Life Cycle Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emission Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Activity." Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability 1, no. 2 (July 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.52394/ijolcas.v1i2.31.

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The focus of this research is to analyze potential environmental impact in the utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as miscible gas injection on Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) activity. The reinjection of CO2 would reduce the amount of CO2 release in the air and is considered relatively as a new innovative approach. Responsible innovation (RI) is a research framework that considers aspects of sustainability both in terms of social, economic, and environmental toward an innovation made with five dimensions; reflexivity, deliberation, anticipation, responsiveness, and participation. However, RI does not have a specific quantitative approach to support the analysis. Therefore, this research proposes the use of simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as the quantitative analysis tool to support the RI analysis, using the case study of Subang Gas-Well, West Java, Indonesia. The case study has four main process units of CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery, from the Well in Subang, CO2 Recovery, CO2 Transmission and the EOR Oil Well in Jatibarang. Based on the calculation, among the various impact categories, the biggest potential environmental impact is the contribution to acidification impact, followed by photo-oxidant formation, climate change and depletion of abiotic resources.

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Zhang, Yi, Bin Zhang, Yongzhi Yang, Banghua Liu, and Lei Shen. "Storage Ratio of CO2 Miscible Flooding in Chang 8 Reservoir of H Block in Ordos Basin Under Different Injection Methods." Frontiers in Energy Research 10 (April 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.848324.

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Carbon dioxide is a typical kind of greenhouse gases, and the oil and gas field recovery ratio could be significantly improved by injecting it into the formation. The main goal is to increase the recovery ratio in the early stage of studying gas injection miscible flooding. With the advancement of the “carbon neutral” strategy in China, the application of CO2 miscible flooding technology, which aims to enhance the oil recovery ratio in Chinese oilfields, has been further expanded. The development concept needs to change from simply improving the recovery ratio to improving both the recovery ratio and the CO2 storage ratio. In the current CO2 flooding research, people mainly focus on the improvement of the recovery factor, and less attention is paid to the underground storage of CO2. In order to further study the relationship between the displacement efficiency of CO2 and the storage situation, this paper innovatively combines the storage ratio and storage amount of CO2 with the recovery factor. A number of parameters under different injection methods in the study area were calculated, providing a new research angle for the study of CO2 displacement. Take Chang 8 reservoir in Block H of Ordos Basin as an example. Firstly, the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of CO2 at formation temperature was measured by the slim tube experiment according to the reservoir pressure status to judge the CO2 flooding status in the study area. Then, the numerical simulation model of the study area was established, and the historical fitting was completed according to the existing CO2 flooding test wells. The reservoir numerical simulation is used to study the recovery ratio and CO2 storage ratio under different CO2 miscible flooding, including different injection rates, injection sequences, and bottom hole pressures. The results show that the MMP of CO2 in the study area is between 12.65 and 14.80 MPa, which means the CO2 flooding state in this area is miscible flooding with high oil displacement efficiency. The CO2 storage ratio at 5–40 t/d CO2 injection rate is between 54.02% and 64.38% after 20 years, and the CO2 storage ratio is larger when the gas injection rate is 10 t/d. In combination with CO2 storage capacity and the oil recovery factor, it is recommended that the gas injection rate of a single well in the study area is 20–30 t/d. The CO2 storage ratio after 20 years under different gas injection sequences is 57.69%–61.27%. It is suggested that the study area should be injected with water and gas alternately after 2 years of gas injection. When continuous gas injection is used, the CO2 storage ratio under different production well bottom hole pressures is between 54.95% and 59.82%. It is recommended that the bottom hole flow pressure in the study area be maintained at between 9 and 10 MPa. The results show that the main factor that affects the annual CO2 storage ratio in the study area is the CO2 injection rate. Gas injection rate, injection sequence, and bottom hole pressure of production wells will all have an impact on the overall storage ratio. And alternate water and gas injection is quite significant. From the perspective of storage ratio, the optimal CO2 miscible flooding injection method has been optimized for the study area, which provides a reference for the implementation of CO2 underground storage technology in mines.

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Upadhyay, Rupesh Kumar. "Smart Policing of Madhy Pradesh Dial-100 (Special reference to Sagar District)." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 05, no. 02 (February 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i2-08.

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Police and public depend on each other; without one another can’t survive. Madhya Pradesh became India’s first state for using this effective modern technology for crime prevention & providing emergency help to victim at crime scene. It got tag of India’s first & largest integrated police emergency response service. This study explores the system, strategy and functional techniques of dial-100 at Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh state. It also analysis about cases reported through dial- 100 as road accident, children related, women related crime body etc. This project stands to police having GPS, GIS, and MDT at victim’s door within a little minute at one call or miscall. The police are one of the most visible and recognizable institution in modern society. Dial-100 team works also as surveillance, spot counseling and vigilance and FRV works as surveillance vehicle through event and round events. The team controls crime and help victims in the district with 26 FRV over 2378458 populations and one FRV covers 91479.15 populations. This smart policing not only reduces crime but also puts an example of humanity in society.

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Moloto, Makwena J., Nompumelelo S. M. Kubheka, and Nolutho Mkhumbeni. "Fabrication of zein/PVA fibre blends: Optimizing concentration and applied voltage." Current Nanomaterials 08 (December 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405461508666221205091152.

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Abstract: The fabrication of polymer fibre blends has gained much attention for the development of innovative nanomaterials. Polymer fibre blends are nanomaterials with different functionalities and properties such as a sizeable surface-to-area ratio, high porosity, flexibility, and stability. The focus of this study was to produce zein/PVA fibre blends using the electrospinning technique and varying parameters such as concentration and applied voltage. The two parameters are key driving factors for the production of fibres. Zein as a natural polymer has challenges in developing fibre materials which require artificial polymers like PVA to create a good blending mixture for electrospinning. Methods: The zein/PVA nanofibre blends were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The FE-SEM (Leo, Zeiss) was used to study the surface morphologies of the zein/PVA nanofibers blends. The optical properties of the nanofibre blends were determined using the UV-vis spectrophotometer and the chemical structure and composition of zein/PVA nanofibers blends were studied using Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50-FTIR spectrometer, universal ATR with the diamond detector. Results: The SEM images showed smooth zein/PVA ribbon-like nanofibre blends of 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50. SEM images of zein/PVA (80/20) electrospun at 25 kV were obtained to be the maximum fibre yield due to zein/PVA compatibility, increased conductivity, and enhanced fibre formation. The optical properties (absorption spectroscopy) suggested that the zein/PVA (80/20) fibre blend was miscible, and the FTIR spectra confirmed their functional groups. Therefore, the characterization results showed that the polymer blended solutions concentration and applied voltage increment affected fibre size distribution and morphology. Conclusion: Optimizing concentration and applied voltage successfully produced smooth, uniform bead-free zein/PVA fibre blends as parameters are increased.

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Poschmann, Philipp. "Book Review: John W. Mohr (1956–2019), Christopher A. Bail, Margaret Frye, Jennifer C. Lena, Omar Lizardo, Terence E. McDonnell, Ann Mische, Iddo Tavory, and Frederick F. Wherry Measuring Culture." Organization Studies, February 17, 2021, 017084062199737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840621997375.

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Majumder, Buddhadeb, Rabindranath Sahay, and Saurabh Kothari. "CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE EPICHLOROHYDRIN POISONING - AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY." PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, October 15, 2022, 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/paripex/3705073.

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Introduction: Epichlorohydrin is an organochlorine compound and a epoxide. It is a colourless liquid with a pungent, garlic like odour, moderately soluble in water, but miscible with most polar organic solvents. It is used in the production of glycerol, plastics, epoxy glues and resins, epoxy diluents and elastomers. Epichlorohydrin is a common chemical used in industry and Accidental exposure to Epichlorohydrin can occur in workers working in glycerol , plastics, epoxy glues and resins, epoxy diluents and elastomer factories. To study the clinical profile of patients Aims And Objective: with Acute Epichlorohydrin Poisoning And identify the frequency and nature lung of involvement. 30 p Method: atients of age 18 and above with Acute Epichlorohydrin poisoning were included in the study. Symptomatology and History, ABG, chest Xray and Hrct chest findings were included in the clinical profile. Distribution of responses were examined using frequencies and percentages and cross tabulation were done between various subgroups. All the Results: patients had accidental direct exposure to Epichlorohydrin. All the patients presented with acute onset respiratory distress and dry cough. Burning sensation and redness and watering from eyes with watering from nose were present in all the patients. Burning sensation in the throat was present in two third of the patient. Two third of the patients developed ARDS and of them 60 % developed moderate to severe ARDS. Two thirds of the patient required ICU admission and out of them 60 % required NIV support and rest 40% were managed by Oxygen via Facemask. Rest one third patient required admission in general ward. All the patients show heterogenous opacities in chest Xray. All the patients show patchy areas of consolidation with Ground Glass changes in HRCT Chest. Two third of the patients show pleural effusion in both Chest Xray and HRCT Chest and out of them 80 % patients show bilateral pleural effusion. ARDS of varying Conclusion: degree with mucosal irritation is the most common presenting feature of patients with ACUTE EPICHLOROHYDRIN POISONING. Pneumonia with HRCT chest showing Ground Glass Opacities are common.

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Sk, Farooq. "Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and has the potential to reduce pollutant emissions due to their oxygenated nature. Lighter alcohols like ethanol and methanol are easily miscible with gasoline and by blending alcohols with gasoline; a part of conventional fuel can be replaced while contributing to fuel economy. Several researchers tested various ethanol blends on different engine test rigs and identified ethanol as one of the most promising ecofriendly fuels for spark ignition engine. Its properties high octane number, high latent heat of vaporization give better performance characteristics and reduces exhaust emissions compared to gasoline. This paper focuses on studying the effects of blending 50 of ethanol by volume with gasoline as it hardly needs engine modifications. Gasoline (E0) and E50 fuels were investigated experimentally on single-cylinder, four-stroke port fuel injection spark ignition engine by varying engine speed from 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm. Performance Characteristics like torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption, and volumetric efficiency and exhaust emissions such as HC, CO, CO2, NOx were studied.. Keywords: Ethanol,Emissions,Gasoline,Port fuel Injection, Refference: I Badrawada, I. G. G., and A. A. P. Susastriawan. “Influence of ethanol–gasoline blend on performance and emission of four-stroke spark ignition motorcycle.” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2019): 1-6. II Doğan, Battal, et al. “The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis.” Applied Thermal Engineering 120 (2017): 433-443. III Efemwenkiekie, U. Ka, et al. “Comparative Analysis of a Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine Performance Using Local Ethanol and Gasoline Blends.” Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019): 1079-1086. IV Galloni, E., F. Scala, and G. Fontana. “Influence of fuel bio-alcohol content on the performance of a turbo-charged, PFI, spark-ignition engine.” Energy 170 (2019): 85-92. V Hasan, Ahmad O., et al. “Impact of changing combustion chamber geometry on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder SI (spark ignition) engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline blends.” Fuel 231 (2018): 197-203. VI Mourad, M., and K. Mahmoud. “Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends.” Renewable Energy 143 (2019): 762-771. VII Singh, Ripudaman, et al. “Influence of fuel injection strategies on efficiency and particulate emissions of gasoline and ethanol blends in a turbocharged multi-cylinder direct injection engine.” International Journal of Engine Research (2019): 1468087419838393. VIII Thakur, Amit Kumar, et al. “Progress in performance analysis of ethanol-gasoline blends on SI engine.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 69 (2017): 324-340. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR CUSTOMIZED AFO USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Authors: Gamini Suresh,Nagarjuna Maguluri,Kunchala Balakrishna, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00052 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Neurodegenerative conditions and compressed nerves often cause an abnormal foot drop that affects an individual gait and make it difficult to walk normally. Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is the medical device which is recommended for the patients to improve the walking ability and decrease the risk of falls. Custom AFOs provide better fit, comfort and performance than pre-manufactured ones. The technique of 3D-printing is suitable for making custom AFOs. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D-printing method for custom AFO applications with the desired resistance and material deposition rate. Generally, FDM is a thermal process; therefore materials thermal behaviour plays an important role in optimizing the performance of the printed parts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the thermal behaviour of PLA, ABS, nylon and WF-PLA filaments before manufacturing the AFO components using the FDM method. In the study, the sequence of testing materials provides a basic measuring method to investigate AFO device parts thermal stability. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG and DSC) was carried out before 3D printing is to characterize the thermal stability of each material. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing,Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO),FusedDeposition Modelling,ThermalAnalysis, Refference: I. J. Pritchett, “Foot drop: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology,” Medscape Drugs, Dis. Proced., vol. 350, no. apr27_6, p. h1736, 2014. II. J. Graham, “Foot drop: Explaining the causes, characteristics and treatment,” Br. J. Neurosci. Nurs., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 168–172, 2010. III. Y. Feng and Y. Song, “The Categories of AFO and Its Effect on Patients With Foot Impair: A Systemic Review,” Phys. Act. Heal., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–16, 2017. IV. J. H. P. Pallari, K. W. Dalgarno, J. Munguia, L. Muraru, L. Peeraer, S. Telfer, and J. Woodburn” Design and additive fabrication of foot and ankle-foot orthoses”21st Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, SFF 2010 (2010) 834-845 V. Y. Jin, Y. He, and A. Shih, “Process Planning for the Fuse Deposition Modeling of Ankle-Foot-Othoses,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 42, no. Isem Xviii, pp. 760–765, 2016. VI. R. K. Chen, Y. an Jin, J. Wensman, and A. Shih, “Additive manufacturing of custom orthoses and prostheses-A review,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 12, pp. 77–89, 2016. VII. A. D. Maso and F. Cosmi, “ScienceDirect 3D-printed ankle-foot orthosis : a design method,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 12, pp. 252–261, 2019. VIII. B. Yuan et al., “Designing of a passive knee-assisting exoskeleton for weight-bearing,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017, vol. 10463 LNAI, pp. 273–285. IX. R. Spina, B. Cavalcante, and F. Lavecchia, “Diment LE, Thompson MS, Bergmann JHM. Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of 3D printing: a systematic review.,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1960, 2018. X. M. Srivastava, S. Maheshwari, T. K. Kundra, and S. Rathee, “ScienceDirect Multi-Response Optimization of Fused Deposition Modelling Process Parameters of ABS Using Response Surface Methodology ( RSM ) -Based Desirability Analysis,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1972–1977, 2017. XI. E. Malekipour, S. Attoye, and H. El-Mounayri, “Investigation of Layer Based Thermal Behavior in Fused Deposition Modeling Process by Infrared Thermography,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 26, pp. 1014–1022, 2018. XII. A. Patar, N. Jamlus, K. Makhtar, J. Mahmud, and T. Komeda, “Development of dynamic ankle foot orthosis for therapeutic application,” Procedia Eng., vol. 41, no. Iris, pp. 1432–1440, 2012. XIII. Y. A. Jin, H. Li, Y. He, and J. Z. Fu, “Quantitative analysis of surface profile in fused deposition modelling,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 8, pp. 142–148, 2015. XIV. M. Walbran, K. Turner, and A. J. McDaid, “Customized 3D printed ankle-foot orthosis with adaptable carbon fibre composite spring joint,” Cogent Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016. XV. N. Wierzbicka, F. Górski, R. Wichniarek, and W. Kuczko, “The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,” Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 283–288, 2017. XVI. S. Farah, D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer, “Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 107, pp. 367–392, 2016. XVII. S. Wojtyła, P. Klama, and T. Baran, “Is 3D printing safe ? Analysis of the thermal treatment of thermoplastics : ABS , PLA , PET , and,” vol. 9624, no. April, 2017. XVIII. G. Cicala et al., “Polylactide / lignin blends,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2017. XIX. S. Y. Lee, I. A. Kang, G. H. Doh, H. G. Yoon, B. D. Park, and Q. Wu, “Thermal and mechanical properties of wood flour/talc-filled polylactic acid composites: Effect of filler content and coupling treatment,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 209–223, 2008. XX. Y. Tao, H. Wang, Z. Li, P. Li, and S. Q. Shi, “Development and application ofwood flour-filled polylactic acid composite filament for 3d printing,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2017. XXI. D. Lewitus, S. McCarthy, A. Ophir, and S. Kenig, “The effect of nanoclays on the properties of PLLA-modified polymers Part 1: Mechanical and thermal properties,” J. Polym. Environ., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 171–177, 2006. XXII. H. J. Chung, E. J. Lee, and S. T. Lim, “Comparison in glass transition and enthalpy relaxation between native and gelatinized rice starches,” Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 287–298, 2002. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CFD STUDIES OF MIXING BEHAVIOR OF INERT SAND WITH BIOMASS IN FLUIDIZED BED Authors: B.J.M.Rao,K.V.N.S.Rao, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00053 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Agriculture deposits, which remains unused and often causes ecological problems, could play an important role as an energy source to meet energy needs in developing countries ‘ rural areas. Moreover, energy levels in these deposits are low and need to be elevated by introducing efficient operative conversion technologies to utilize these residues as fuels. In this context, the utilization of a fluidized bed innovation enables a wide range of non-uniform-sized low-grade fuels to be effectively converted into other forms of energy.This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of fluidized conversion method for transformation of agricultural by-products such as rice husk, sawdust, and groundnut shells into useful energy. The present investigation was conducted to know the mixing characteristics of sand and fuel have been found by conducting experiments with mixing ratio of rice husk (1:13), saw dust(1:5) and groundnut shells (1:12), the variation of particle movement in the bed and mixing characteristics are analyzed. The impact of sand molecule size on the fluidization speed of two biofuel and sand components is studied and recommended for groundnut shells using a sand molecule of 0.6 mm size and for rice husk, sawdust 0.4 mm sand particle size. Also, establish that the particle size of sand has a significant effect on mingling features in case of sawdust. In the next part of the investigation, the CFD simulations of the fluidized bed are done to investigate the mixing behavior of sand and biomass particles. A set of simulations are conducted by ANSYS FLUENT16; the state of the bed is the same as that of the test. The findings were presented with the volume fraction of sand and biomass particles in the form of contour plots. Keywords: Biomass,sand,mixing behavior,Volume Fraction,CFD model, Refference: I Anil Tekale, Swapna God, Balaji Bedre, Pankaj Vaghela, Ganesh Madake, Suvarna Labade (2017), Energy Production from Biomass: Review, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, ISSN No: – 2456 – 2165. II Anil Kumar, Nitin Kumar , Prashant Baredar , Ashish Shukla (2015), A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Reviews 45-530-539. III Zhenglan Li, ZhenhuaXue (2015), Review of Biomass Energy utilization technology, 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. IV Abdeen Mustafa Omer (2011), Biomass energy resources utilisation and waste management, Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development Vol. 3(8), pp. 149 -170 V Rijul Dhingra, Abhinav Jain, Abhishek Pandey, and Srishti Mahajan (2014), Assessment of Renewable Energy in India, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 5, No. 5. VI Paulina Drożyner, Wojciech Rejmer, Piotr Starowicz,AndrzejKlasa, Krystyna A. Skibniewska (2013), Biomass as a Renewable Source of Energy, Technical Sciences 16(3), 211–220. VII Souvik Das, Swati Sikdar (2016), A Review on the Non-conventional Energy Sources in Indian Perspective, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 03 Issue: 02. VIII Maninder, Rupinderjit Singh Kathuria, Sonia Grover, Using Agricultural Residues as a Biomass Briquetting: An Alternative Source of Energy, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE), ISSN: 2278-1676 Volume 1, Issue 5 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 11-15. IX H.B.Goyal, DiptenduldDeal, R.C.Saxena (2006) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 2Pages 504-517. X Digambar H. Patil, J. K. Shinde(2017) A Review Paper on Study of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Volume 4, Issue 4 XI Neil T.M. Duffy, John A. Eaton (2013) Investigation of factors affecting channelling in fixed-bed solid fuel combustion using CFD, Combustion and Flame 160, 2204–2220. XII Xing Wu, Kai Li, Feiyue and Xifeng Zhu (2017), Fluidization Behavior of Biomass Particles and its Improvement in a Cold Visualized Fluidized, Bio Resources 12(2), 3546-3559. XIII N.G. Deen, M. Van Sint Annaland, M.A. Van der Hoef, J.A.M. Kuipers (2007), Reviewof discrete particle modeling of fluidized beds, Chemical Engineering Science 62, 28 – 44. XIV BaskaraSethupathySubbaiah, Deepak Kumar Murugan, Dinesh Babu Deenadayalan, Dhamodharan.M.I (2014), Gasification of Biomass Using Fluidized Bed, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2. XV Priyanka Kaushal, Tobias Pröll and Hermann Hofbauer, Modelling and simulation of the biomass fired dual fluidized bed gasifier at Guessing/Austria. XVI Dawit DiribaGuta (2012), Assessment of Biomass Fuel Resource Potential and Utilization in Ethiopia: Sourcing Strategies for Renewable Energies, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, and No.1. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 AN APPROACH FOR OPTIMISING THE FLOW RATE CONDITIONS OF A DIVERGENT NOZZLE UNDER DIFFERENT ANGULAR CONDITIONS Authors: Lam Ratna Raju ,Ch. Pavan Satyanarayana,Neelamsetty Vijaya Kavya, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00054 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: A spout is a device which is used to offer the guidance to the gases leaving the burning chamber. Spout is a chamber which has a capability to change over the thermo-compound essentials created within the ignition chamber into lively vitality. The spout adjustments over the low speed, excessive weight, excessive temperature fuel in the consuming chamber into rapid gasoline of decrease weight and low temperature. An exciting spout is used if the spout weight volume is superior vehicles in supersonic airplane machines commonly combine a few sort of a distinctive spout. Our exam is surpassed on the use of programming like Ansys Workbench for arranging of the spout and Fluent 15.0 for separating the streams inside the spout. The events of staggers for the pipe formed spouts have been seen close by trade parameters for numerous considered one of a kind edges. The parameters underneath recognition are differentiated and that of shape spout for singular terrific edges by using keeping up the gulf, outlet and throat width and lengths of joined together and diverse quantities as same. The simultaneous component and throat expansiveness are kept regular over the cases.The surprise of stun became envisioned and the effects exhibited near closeness in direction of motion of Mach circle and its appearance plans as exposed in numerous preliminary considers on advancement in pipe molded particular spouts with assorted edges four°,7°, 10°, Occurrence of stun is seen with higher special factors Keywords: Nozzle,Supersonic Rocket Engine,Divergent edges, Refference: I. Varun, R.; Sundararajan,T.; Usha,R.; Srinivasan,ok.; Interaction among particle-laden under increased twin supersonic jets, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2010 224: 1005. II. Pandey,K.M.; Singh, A.P.; CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2010, ISSN: 2010-0221. III. Natta, Pardhasaradhi.; Kumar, V.Ranjith.; Rao, Dr. Y.V. Hanumantha.; Flow Analysis of Rocket Nozzle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622,Vol. 2, Issue five, September- October 2012, pp.1226-1235. IV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh. K.M.Pandey, Member, IACSIT and S.K.YadavK.M.Pandey and S.K.Yadav, ―CFD Analysis of a Rocket Nozzle with Two Inlets at Mach2.1, Journal of Environmental Research and Development, Vol 5, No 2, 2010, pp- 308-321. V. Shigeru Aso, ArifNur Hakim, Shingo Miyamoto, Kei Inoue and Yasuhiro Tani “ Fundamental examine of supersonic combustion in natural air waft with use of surprise tunnel” Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University, Japan , Acta Astronautica 57 (2005) 384 – 389. VI. P. Padmanathan, Dr. S. Vaidyanathan, Computational Analysis of Shockwave in Convergent Divergent Nozzle, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622 , Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1597-1605. VII. Adamson, T.C., Jr., and Nicholls., J.A., “On the shape of jets from Highly below improved Nozzles into Still Air,” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol.26, No.1, Jan 1959, pp. Sixteen-24. VIII. Lewis, C. H., Jr., and Carlson, D. J., “Normal Shock Location in underneath increased Gas and Gas particle Jets,” AIAA Journal, Vol 2, No.4, April 1964, pp. 776-777. Books IX. Anderson, John D.Jr.; Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, Third edition, 2012 X. Versteeg. H.; Malalasekra.W.; An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics The Finite Volume Method, Second Edition,2009. XI. H.K.Versteeg and W.Malala Sekhara, “An introduction to Computational fluid Dynamics”, British Library cataloguing pub, 4th version, 1996. XII. Lars Davidson, “An introduction to turbulenceModels”, Department of thermo and fluid dynamics, Chalmers college of era, Goteborg, Sweden, November, 2003. XIII. Karna s. Patel, “CFD analysis of an aerofoil”, International Journal of engineering studies,2009. XIV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh “CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software,2017. XV. P. Parthiban, M. Robert Sagayadoss, T. Ambikapathi, Design And Analysis Of Rocket Engine Nozzle by way of the usage of CFD and Optimization of Nozzle parameters, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.Three., Issue.5., 2015 (Sept.-Oct.). View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVE SHAFT FOR AN AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS Authors: Govindarajulu Eedara,P. N. Manthru Naik, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00055 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: The driveshaft is a mechanical instrument that is used in automobiles. The other name of the drive shaft is driveshaft is prop shaft. It has one long cylindrical structure consist of two universal joints. By using the driveshaft it transfers the rotary motion to the differential by using the helical gearbox. By using this rotary motion the rare wheels will run. The 3dimensional Model of automobile drive Shaft is designed using CATIA parametric which enables product development processes and thereby brings about an optimum design. Now a day’s steel is using the best material for the driveshaft.In this paper replacing the composite materials (Kevlar, e-glass epoxy) instead of steel material and itreduces a considerable amount of weight when compared to the conventional steel shaft. The composite driveshaft have high modulus is designed by using CATIA software and tested in ANSYS for optimization of design or material check and providing the best datebook Keywords: The driveshaft ,CATIA,automobile,steel,composite materials,ANSYS,Kevla,e-glass epoxy, Refference: I A.R. Abu Talib, Aidy Ali, Mohamed A. Badie, Nur Azienda Che Lah, A.F. Golestaneh Developing a hybrid, carbon/glass-fiber-reinforced, epoxy composite automotive driveshaft, Material and Design, volume31, 2010, pp 514 – 521 II ErcanSevkat, Hikmet Tumer, Residual torsional properties of composite shafts subjected to impact Loadings, Materials, and design, volume – 51, 2013, pp -956-967. III H. Bayrakceken, S. Tasgetiren, I. Yavuz two cases of failure in the power transmission system on vehicles: A Universal joint yoke and a drive shaft, volume-14,2007,pp71. IV H.B.H. Gubran, Dynamics of hybrid shafts, Mechanics Research communication, volume – 32, 2005, pp – 368-374. V Shaw D, Simitses DJ, SheinmanI. Imperfection sensitivity of laminated cylindrical shells in torsion and axial compression. ComposStruct 1985; 4(3) pp:35–60. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN SI ENGINE USING E10 EQUIVALENT TERNARY GASOLINE- ALCOHOL BLENDS." JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00056.

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