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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Li, Xinan, Chao Wang, Qiuchi Li, Saige Zhu, Xujun Tian, Yunhui Zhang, Xiangrui Li, et al. "Field-Evolved Sulfoxaflor Resistance of Three Wheat Aphid Species in China." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112325.

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Sulfoxaflor belongs to a new class of insecticides which are effective against many sap-feeding pests. Sitobion miscanthi, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Metopolophium dirhodum are the predominant pests coexisting on wheat plants. It is unknown whether these aphid species have developed resistance to sulfoxaflor. Here, the susceptibilities of three wheat aphid species from different regions of China to sulfoxaflor were evaluated. The results showed that two S. miscanthi, one R. padi, and two M. dirhodum field populations were highly resistant to sulfoxaflor. Additionally, 13 S. miscanthi, 9 R. padi, and 4 M. dirhodum field populations were moderately resistant to sulfoxaflor. Analysis of differences in toxicity showed that the susceptibility levels of R. padi in 9 of 20 regions, M. dirhodum in 5 of 9 regions, and M. dirhodum in 3 of 9 regions to sulfoxaflor were greater than those of S. miscanthi, S. miscanthi, and R. padi in the same regions, respectively. Thus, each wheat aphid species has field populations that are highly sulfoxaflor resistant. The R. padi and M. dirhodum populations were more susceptible to sulfoxaflor than those of S. miscanthi. These findings provide new insights into insecticide resistance development and rational sulfoxaflor use.

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2

Zhang, Yong, Xiaobei Liu, Yu Fu, Leonardo Crespo-Herrera, Huan Liu, Qian Wang, Yumeng Zhang, and Julian Chen. "Salivary Effector Sm9723 of Grain Aphid Sitobion miscanthi Suppresses Plant Defense and Is Essential for Aphid Survival on Wheat." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 6909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136909.

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Aphid salivary effectors play important roles in modulating plant defense responses. The grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi is one of the most economically important cereal aphids worldwide. However, little information is available on the identification and functional analysis of salivary effectors of S. miscanthi. In this study, a candidate salivary effector Sm9723 was identified, which was specifically expressed in aphid salivary glands and highly induced during the aphid feeding phase. Transient overexpression of Sm9723 in Nicotiana benthamiana suppressed BAX and INF1-induced cell death. Further, Sm9723 overexpression inhibited N. benthamiana defense responses by reducing pattern-triggered immunity associated callose deposition and expression levels of jasmonic and salicylic acid-associated defense genes. In addition, the salivary effector Sm9723 of S. miscanthi was effectively silenced through nanocarrier-mediated dsRNA delivery system. After silencing Sm9723, fecundity and survival of S. miscanthi decreased significantly, and the aphid feeding behavior was also negatively affected. These results suggest salivary effector Sm9723 is involved in suppressing plant immunity and is essential in enabling aphid virulence, which could be applied as potential target gene for RNAi-mediated pest control of S. miscanthi.

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3

Gebretsadik, Kifle Gebreegziabiher, Yong Zhang, and Julian Chen. "Screening and Evaluation for Antixenosis Resistance in Wheat Accessions and Varieties to Grain Aphid, Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Plants 11, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11081094.

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The grain aphid, Sitobion miscanthi causes serious damage by removing nutritional content from wheat plants and transmitting viral diseases. The use of resistant wheat cultivars is an effective method of aphid management. To identify S. miscanthi resistant cultivars, preliminary antixenosis resistance screening was conducted on 112 Ethiopian and 21 Chinese wheat accessions and varieties along with bioassay to test for further antixenosis resistance, identification of aphid feeding behavior using electrical penetration graph (EPG), and imaging of leaf trichome densities using a 3D microscope. According to antixenosis resistance screening, one highly-resistant, 25 moderately-resistant, and 38 slightly-resistant wheat cultivars to S. miscanthi were identified. Aphid choice tests showed that Luxuan266, 243726, and 213312 were the least preferred after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of S. miscanthi release. Longer duration of Np, longer time to first probe, and shorter duration of E2 waveforms were recorded in Lunxuan266, 243726, and 213312 than in Beijing 837. The trichome density on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of Lunxuan266, 243726 and 213312 was significantly higher than on those of Beijing 837. We concluded that Lunxuan266, 243726, and 213312 were antixenosis resistant to S. miscanthi based on the choice test, EPG results, and leaf trichome densities.

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4

Wang, Liping, Remzi Atlihan, Ruirui Chai, Yao Dong, Chen Luo, and Zuqing Hu. "Assessment of Non-Consumptive Predation Risk of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the Population Growth of Sitobion miscanthi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Insects 13, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13060524.

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How the non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators influence the development, survival, fecundity, and population growth of prey has not been well documented, which is the primary consideration for the compatibility of prey with its natural enemies in agricultural ecosystems. We herein employed the age-stage, two-sex life table to examine the NCEs of the predator Coccinella septempunctata on the life-history traits and population growth of prey Sitobion miscanthi via caged predator (prey co-existing with caged predator) and caged prey (predator co-existing with caged prey) treatments with daily different exposure times (i.e., 0 h (control), 12 h, and 24 h). The results indicated that the predation risk of a caged predator could reduce the first nymphal duration and net reproductive rate (R0) of S. miscanthi at 12 h, and the first nymphal duration, preadult duration, and mean generation time (T) at 24 h. However, the predation risk of the caged prey resulted in the prolongation of the pre-adult development time and total pre-reproductive period (TPRP) as well as lowered the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (𝜆), R0, life expectancy, and reproductive value of S. miscanthi after both 12 h and 24 h. Furthermore, the predation risk of both the caged predator and caged prey could increase the percent of winged morph at 24 h. These findings indicate that S. miscanthi could respond to the predation risk of the caged predator by either accelerating the developmental rate or reducing the net reproductive rate, while S. miscanthi might reduce their fitness in response to the predation risk of caged prey. Furthermore, S. miscanthi might also alter to winged morphs for dispersal under both of the above treatments. The findings obtained have practical ramifications for managing this economically important pest in wheat production with reduced insecticide applications.

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5

Wang, Liping, Remzi Atlihan, Ruirui Chai, Yao Dong, Chen Luo, and Zuqing Hu. "Assessment of Non-Consumptive Predation Risk of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the Population Growth of Sitobion miscanthi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Insects 13, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13060524.

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How the non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators influence the development, survival, fecundity, and population growth of prey has not been well documented, which is the primary consideration for the compatibility of prey with its natural enemies in agricultural ecosystems. We herein employed the age-stage, two-sex life table to examine the NCEs of the predator Coccinella septempunctata on the life-history traits and population growth of prey Sitobion miscanthi via caged predator (prey co-existing with caged predator) and caged prey (predator co-existing with caged prey) treatments with daily different exposure times (i.e., 0 h (control), 12 h, and 24 h). The results indicated that the predation risk of a caged predator could reduce the first nymphal duration and net reproductive rate (R0) of S. miscanthi at 12 h, and the first nymphal duration, preadult duration, and mean generation time (T) at 24 h. However, the predation risk of the caged prey resulted in the prolongation of the pre-adult development time and total pre-reproductive period (TPRP) as well as lowered the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (𝜆), R0, life expectancy, and reproductive value of S. miscanthi after both 12 h and 24 h. Furthermore, the predation risk of both the caged predator and caged prey could increase the percent of winged morph at 24 h. These findings indicate that S. miscanthi could respond to the predation risk of the caged predator by either accelerating the developmental rate or reducing the net reproductive rate, while S. miscanthi might reduce their fitness in response to the predation risk of caged prey. Furthermore, S. miscanthi might also alter to winged morphs for dispersal under both of the above treatments. The findings obtained have practical ramifications for managing this economically important pest in wheat production with reduced insecticide applications.

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6

Ji, Jing-Xin, Zhuang Li, Yu Li, and Makoto Kakishima. "Notes on rust fungi in China 9. Puccinia miscanthi life cycle and morphology confirmed by inoculation." Mycotaxon 135, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/135.525.

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The Heteroecious and macrocyclic life cycle of Puccinia miscanthi is confirmed for the first time with inoculation experiments in China. The rust produces spermogonial and aecial stages on Plantago asiatica and uredinial and telial stages on Miscanthus sacchariflorus. Morphological characters of these stages are described based on field collections and specimens that confirmed their life cycle connections. The neotype of P. miscanthi is designated.

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7

Saito, Y., Y. Sato, A. R. Chittenden, J. Z. Lin, and Y. X. Zhang. "Description of two new species of Stigmaeopsis, Banks 1917 (Acari, Tetranychidae) inhabiting Miscanthus grasses (Poaceae)." Acarologia 58, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 414–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184250.

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We provided a new diagnosis of the genus Stigmaeopsis. Then we described two new species that are very closely related to Stigmaeopsis miscanthi (Saito) from Miscanthus spp. in Japan and China. The Japanese species, named Stigmaeopsis sabelisi Saito and Sato n. sp., was previously referred to as Stigmaeopsis miscanthi low aggressiveness form , and is characterized by its low male-to-male aggression behavior. The other species, Stigmaeopsis continentalis Saito and Lin n. sp., was found in China (Fujian district). Thus four species could be discriminated from the species inhabiting Miscanthus and reed grasses. However, the two new species and S. miscanthi resemble each other very closely, thus they are considered to be sibling species. To identify them several naive characters, geographic distribution and genetic data are needed. An updated key to all known species of Stigmaeopsis is also proposed.

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8

Selkoe, Dennis, and Jeffrey Cummings. "News story miscasts Alzheimer’s science." Science 377, no. 6609 (August 26, 2022): 934–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade1872.

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9

Ferguson, Christopher J. "Media violence: Miscast causality." American Psychologist 57, no. 6-7 (2002): 446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.57.6-7.446b.

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10

Bess, James L. "College Teachers: Miscast Professionals." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 22, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091383.1990.9937629.

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11

Saito, Yutaka, Yukie Sato, Manita Kongchuensin, Jung-Tai Chao, and Ken Sahara. "New Stigmaeopsis species on Miscanthus grasses in Taiwan and Thailand (Acari, Tetranychidae)." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.4.12.

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We described two new species collected from Miscanthus spp. in Thailand and Taiwan. One of the new species, Stigmaeopsis inthanonsis Saito, Kongchuensin & Sahara n. sp., was found in Thailand (Inthanon National Park). The other species from Taiwan, named Stigmaeopsis formosa Saito, Chao & Sato n. sp. was previously referred to as T-form or ML form of Stigmaeopsis miscanthi (Saito). Thus 15 species are now involved in the genus Stigmaeopsis. Because five species inhabiting Miscanthus grasses are resemble together, we call them as Stigmaeopsis miscanthi species group. An updated key to all known species of Stigmaeopsis is proposed.

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12

Iqbal, Sumaiya, David Hoksza, Eduardo Pérez-Palma, Patrick May, Jakob B. Jespersen, Shehab S. Ahmed, Zaara T. Rifat, et al. "MISCAST: MIssense variant to protein StruCture Analysis web SuiTe." Nucleic Acids Research 48, W1 (May 13, 2020): W132—W139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa361.

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Abstract Human genome sequencing efforts have greatly expanded, and a plethora of missense variants identified both in patients and in the general population is now publicly accessible. Interpretation of the molecular-level effect of missense variants, however, remains challenging and requires a particular investigation of amino acid substitutions in the context of protein structure and function. Answers to questions like ‘Is a variant perturbing a site involved in key macromolecular interactions and/or cellular signaling?’, or ‘Is a variant changing an amino acid located at the protein core or part of a cluster of known pathogenic mutations in 3D?’ are crucial. Motivated by these needs, we developed MISCAST (missense variant to protein structure analysis web suite; http://miscast.broadinstitute.org/). MISCAST is an interactive and user-friendly web server to visualize and analyze missense variants in protein sequence and structure space. Additionally, a comprehensive set of protein structural and functional features have been aggregated in MISCAST from multiple databases, and displayed on structures alongside the variants to provide users with the biological context of the variant location in an integrated platform. We further made the annotated data and protein structures readily downloadable from MISCAST to foster advanced offline analysis of missense variants by a wide biological community.

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13

Sunnucks, Paul, Phillip R. England, Andrea C. Taylor, and Dinah F. Hales. "Microsatellite and Chromosome Evolution of Parthenogenetic Sitobion Aphids in Australia." Genetics 144, no. 2 (October 1, 1996): 747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.2.747.

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Abstract Single-locus microsatellite variation correlated perfectly with chromosome number in Sitobion miscanthi aphids. The microsatellites were highly heterozygous, with up to 10 alleles per locus in this species. Despite this considerable allelic variation, only seven different S. miscanthi genotypes were discovered in 555 individuals collected from a wide range of locations, hosts and sampling periods. Relatedness between genotypes suggests only two successful colonizations of Australia. There was no evidence for genetic recombination in 555 S. miscanthi so the occurrence of recent sexual reproduction must be near zero. Thus diversification is by mutation and chromosomal rearrangement alone. Since the aphids showed no sexual recombination, microsatellites can mutate without meiosis. Five of seven microsatellite differences were a single repeat unit, and one larger jump is likely. The minimum numbers of changes between karyotypes corresponded roughly one-to-one with microsatellite allele changes, which suggests very rapid chromosomal evolution. A chromosomal fission occurred in a cultured line, and a previously unknown chromosomal race was detected. All 121 diverse S. near fragariae were heterozygous but revealed only one genotype. This species too must have a low rate of sexual reproduction and few colonizations of Australia.

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14

Kasfir, Sidney Littlefield. "Cast, Miscast: The Curator's Dilemma." African Arts 30, no. 1 (1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337464.

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15

Miao, Jin, Pei Guo, Yunhui Zhang, Xiaoling Tan, Julian Chen, Yaofa Li, and Yuqing Wu. "Effect of High Temperature and Natural Enemies on the Interspecies Competition Between Two Wheat Aphid Species, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion miscanthi." Journal of Economic Entomology 115, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab271.

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Abstract Interspecies competition affects the distribution, quantity, and community structure of insects, especially among closely-related (congeners) species. Some ecological factors differentially affect the fitness of co-existing species, thus conferring an advantage on one competitor, and then the structure of communities. The present work evaluated the effects of high temperature and natural enemies on the interspecific competition between the grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) (Aphididae: Hemiptera) and bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), two key pests of wheat in China. Results showed that the population growth of R. padi was faster at 30°C, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) value was 5 times that of S. miscanthi, indicating that R. padi was more high-temperature resistant and has advantages in interspecific competition at high temperature. Moreover, compared to S. miscanthi, the population of R. padi was less affected by their predator, larvae of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and aphid parasitoids, Aphidius avenae (Haliday) or Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), which made them gain an advantage in the interspecific competition. Our results enrich the knowledge of phytophagous insect interspecific completion and implicate the ecological mechanism of R. padi may become the dominant species in wheat fields in China.

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16

Li, Xinan, Saige Zhu, Qiuchi Li, Yulin Sun, Yanbo Wang, Xujun Tian, Xiao Ran, et al. "Fitness Cost of the Field-Evolved Resistance to Sulfoxaflor and Multi-Insecticide Resistance of the Wheat Aphid Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi)." Insects 14, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010075.

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Sulfoxaflor belongs to a new class of insecticides that is effective against many sap-feeding pests. In this study on Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) (i.e., the predominant wheat pest), a highly sulfoxaflor-resistant (SulR) population was obtained from a field. Its resistance to the other seven insecticides and its biological fitness were analyzed using a leaf-dip method and a two-sex life table approach, respectively. Compared with the relatively susceptible (SS) population, the SulR population was highly resistant to sulfoxaflor, with a relative insecticide resistance ratio (RR) of 199.8 and was moderately resistant to beta-cypermethrin (RR = 14.5) and bifenthrin (RR = 42.1) but exhibited low resistance to chlorpyrifos (RR = 5.7). Additionally, the SulR population had a relative fitness of 0.73, with a significantly prolonged developmental period as well as a lower survival rate and poorer reproductive performance than the SS population. In conclusion, our results suggest that S. miscanthi populations that are highly resistant to sulfoxaflor exist in the field. The possibility that insects may develop multi-resistance between sulfoxaflor and pyrethroids is a concern. Furthermore, the high sulfoxaflor resistance of S. miscanthi was accompanied by a considerable fitness cost. The study data may be useful for improving the rational use of insecticides and for exploring novel insecticide resistance mechanisms.

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17

Buskermolen, Maaike, Andrea Gini, Steffie K. Naber, Esther Toes-Zoutendijk, Harry J. de Koning, and Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar. "Modeling in Colorectal Cancer Screening: Assessing External and Predictive Validity of MISCAN-Colon Microsimulation Model Using NORCCAP Trial Results." Medical Decision Making 38, no. 8 (October 20, 2018): 917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x18806497.

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Background. Microsimulation models are increasingly being used to inform colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations. MISCAN-Colon is an example of such a model, used to inform the Dutch CRC screening program and US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Assessing the validity of these models is essential to provide transparency regarding their performance. In this study, we tested the external and predictive validity of MISCAN-Colon. Methods. We validated MISCAN-Colon using the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention (NORCCAP) trial, a randomized controlled trial that examined the effectiveness of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening. We simulated the study population and design of the NORCCAP trial in MISCAN-Colon and compared 10- to 12-year model-predicted hazard ratios (HRs) for overall and distal CRC incidence and mortality to those observed. In addition, we compared the numbers of screen-detected neoplasia. Finally, we predicted the trial’s future results to allow for the assessment of predictive validity. Results. MISCAN-Colon predicted an HR for overall CRC incidence (0.85), distal CRC incidence (0.82), overall CRC mortality (0.68), and distal CRC mortality (0.62). These were within the limits of the 95% confidence intervals of the NORCCAP trial results. Similar results were observed for the number of screen-detected cancers. The model significantly underestimated the number of screen-detected adenomas. Model-predicted HRs for CRC incidence and mortality up to 15- to 17-year follow-up were 0.84 and 0.72, respectively. Conclusion. Although the underestimation of screen-detected adenomas requires further investigation, MISCAN-Colon is able to make a valid replication of the CRC incidence and mortality reduction of an FS screening trial, which suggests that it can be considered a useful tool to support decision making on CRC screening.

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18

Li, Qi Rui, Xu Zhang, Yan Lin, Milan C. Samarakoon, Kevin David Hyde, Xiang Chun Shen, Wan Qing Liao, et al. "Morpho-molecular characterisation of Arecophila, with A. australis and A. clypeata sp. nov. and A. miscanthi comb. nov." MycoKeys 88 (April 13, 2022): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.88.79475.

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Three arecophila-like fungal samples were collected on dead culms of gramineous plants in China. Morphological studies of our new collections and the herbarium specimen of Arecophila gulubiicola (generic type) were conducted and the morphological affinity of our new collections with Arecophila was confirmed. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses using combined ITS, LSU, rpb2 and β-tubulin data from our collections revealed the phylogeny of Cainiaceae. The monospecific genus Alishanica (type species Al. miscanthi), which had been accepted in Cainiaceae, is revisited and synonymised under Arecophila. Based on morphology and phylogeny, Arecophila australis sp. nov. and A. clypeata sp. nov. are introduced as new species, while A. miscanthi is a new record for China. All the new collections are illustrated and described.

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19

de Carvalho, Tiago M., Eveline A. M. Heijnsdijk, Luc Coffeng, and Harry J. de Koning. "Evaluating Parameter Uncertainty in a Simulation Model of Cancer Using Emulators." Medical Decision Making 39, no. 4 (May 2019): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x19837631.

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Background. Microsimulation models have been extensively used in the field of cancer modeling. However, there is substantial uncertainty regarding estimates from these models, for example, overdiagnosis in prostate cancer. This is usually not thoroughly examined due to the high computational effort required. Objective. To quantify uncertainty in model outcomes due to uncertainty in model parameters, using a computationally efficient emulator (Gaussian process regression) instead of the model. Methods. We use a microsimulation model of prostate cancer (microsimulation screening analysis [MISCAN]) to simulate individual life histories. We analyze the effect of parametric uncertainty on overdiagnosis with probabilistic sensitivity analyses (ProbSAs). To minimize the number of MISCAN runs needed for ProbSAs, we emulate MISCAN, using data pairs of parameter values and outcomes to fit a Gaussian process regression model. We evaluate to what extent the emulator accurately reproduces MISCAN by computing its prediction error. Results. Using an emulator instead of MISCAN, we may reduce the computation time necessary to run a ProbSA by more than 85%. The average relative prediction error of the emulator for overdiagnosis equaled 1.7%. We predicted that 42% of screen-detected men are overdiagnosed, with an associated empirical confidence interval between 38% and 48%. Sensitivity analyses show that the accuracy of the emulator is sensitive to which model parameters are included in the training runs. Conclusions. For a computationally expensive simulation model with a large number of parameters, we show it is possible to conduct a ProbSA, within a reasonable computation time, by using a Gaussian process regression emulator instead of the original simulation model.

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20

Sakamoto, Hironori, Tomoko Matsuda, Reiko Suzuki, Yutaka Saito, Jian-Zhen Lin, Yan-Xuan Zhang, Yukie Sato, and Tetsuo Gotoh. "Molecular identification of seven species of the genus Stigmaeopsis (Acari: Tetranychidae) and preliminary attempts to establish their phylogenetic relationship." Systematic and Applied Acarology 22, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.1.10.

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The genus Stigmaeopsis (family Tetranychidae) has 11 species including the serious bamboo pest, S. nanjingensis. All Stigmaeopsis species are difficult to identify by their morphology, and the diagnostic character (the length of dorsal setae) can be used only to identify fresh specimens. To identify these species at the molecular level, we sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA and two nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (18S and 28S) of 20 strains of seven species of Stigmaeopsis [S. celarius, S. longus, S. miscanthi (both low- and high-aggression phenotypes), S. nanjingensis, S. tenuinidus, S. saharai and S. takahashii]. In maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees of both COI and combined 18S-28S genes, all but one Stigmaeopsis species could be identified as a monophyletic clade with high bootstrap values. The present results strongly suggested that the exceptional species, S. miscanthi, consists of three biologically different entities based on two phylogenetic trees. Though the phylogenetic trees did not comprehensively solve the phylogeny of Stigmaeopsis, a phylogenetic tree based on the combined nuclear genes showed a sibling relationship between two sub-social Stigmaeopsis species, S. miscanthi and S. longus. In addition, diagnostic PCR detected Wolbachia or Cardinium, which frequently affect mitochondrial haplotypes, in S. longus and S. nanjingensis. In the COI tree, S. longus was separated into two groups which were more consistent with their bacterial infection status than with their geographical distribution.

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21

Gams, W., M. Klamer, and K. O'Donnell. "Fusarium miscanthi sp. nov. from Miscanthus Litter." Mycologia 91, no. 2 (March 1999): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761371.

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22

Gams, W., M. Klamer, and K. O'donnell. "Fusarium miscanthi sp. nov. from Miscanthus litter." Mycologia 91, no. 2 (March 1999): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061016.

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23

Bregin, Elana. "Miscast: Bushmen in the twentieth century." Current Writing 13, no. 1 (January 2001): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1013929x.2001.9678095.

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24

SUN, Jing-xuan, Qian LI, Xiao-ling TAN, Jia FAN, Yong ZHANG, Yao-guo QIN, Frédéric FRANCIS, and Ju-lian CHEN. "Population genetic structure of Sitobion miscanthi in China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 21, no. 1 (January 2022): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63445-1.

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25

Chen, Zhaojin, Wei Tian, Feng Sun, Yan Chen, Hui Han, Lunguang Yao, and Zhendong Zhang. "Pedobacter miscanthi sp. nov., isolated from Miscanthus sinensis." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 3344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003161.

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26

PIETERSEN, COLETTE. "Miscast: Negotiating Khoisan History and Material Culture." South African Historical Journal 35, no. 1 (November 1996): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582479608671250.

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27

Stekolshchikov, A. V., A. V. Gavrilyuk, and T. A. Novgorodova. "Additions to the aphid fauna of West Siberia (Homoptera: Aphidinea)." Zoosystematica Rossica 17, no. 1 (November 23, 2008): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2008.17.1.57.

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For the first time, Pemphigus mongolicus Holman et Szelegiewicz, 1974, Brachycaudus (Appelia) tragopogonis setosus (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948), Brachycaudus (Nevskyaphis) bicolor (Nevsky, 1929), Diuraphis (Holcaphis) agrostidis (Muddathir, 1965), Macrosiphoniella atra atra (Ferrari, 1872) and Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi, 1921) are recorded from Russia and another 23 species and 4 subspecies from Western Siberia.

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Xu, Tianyang, Kai Lou, Dunlun Song, Bin Zhu, Pei Liang, and Xiwu Gao. "Resistance Mechanisms of Sitobion miscanthi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Malathion Revealed by Synergist Assay." Insects 13, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13111043.

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A resistant strain (MRS) of Sitobion miscanthi was cultured by continuous selection with malathion for over 40 generations. The MRS exhibited 32.7-fold resistance to malathion compared to the susceptible strain (MSS) and 13.5-fold, 2.9-fold and 4.8-fold cross-resistance for omethoate, methomyl and beta-cypermethrin, respectively. However, no cross-resistance was found to imidacloprid in this resistant strain. The realized heritability for malathion resistance was 0.02. Inhibitors of esterase activity, both triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and S,S,S,-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) as synergists, exhibited significant synergism to malathion in the MRS strain, with 11.77-fold and 5.12-fold synergistic ratios, respectively, while piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) showed no significant synergism in the MRS strain. The biochemical assay indicated that carboxylesterase activity was higher in MRS than in MSS. These results suggest that the increase in esterase activity might play an important role in S. miscanthi resistance to malathion. Imidacloprid could be used as an alternative for malathion in the management of wheat aphid resistance.

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Yoo, Young-Jin, Chan-Ho Kang, Kyu-Hwan Choi, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jong-Seong Jeong, Hee-Jun Kim, and Yoon-Ho Mun. "Bag cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with Miscanths species substrates." Journal of Mushroom 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14480/jm.2014.12.2.122.

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Drzymała, Justyna, Joanna Kalka, Adam Sochacki, and Ewa Felis. "Towards Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Bioindication as a Technique for Supporting Treatment Efficiency Assessment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 11859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911859.

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a promising alternative for conventional methods of wastewater treatment. However, the biggest challenge in wastewater treatment is the improvement of the technology used so that it is possible to remove micropollutants without additional costs. The impact of wastewater treatment in CWs on toxicity towards Aliivibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Lemna minor was investigated. The effects of feeding regime (wastewater fed in five batches per week at a batch volume of 1 L, or twice per week at a batch volume of 2.5 L) and the presence of pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole), as well as the presence of Miscantus giganteus plants in CW columns (twelve of the 24 columns that were planted) were analyzed. A reduction in toxicity was observed in all experimental setups. The effluents from constructed wetlands were classified as moderately toxic (average TU for A. fischeri, D. magna and L. minor was 0.9, 2.5 and 5.5, respectively). The feeding regime of 5 days of feeding/2 days of resting resulted in a positive impact on the ecotoxicological and chemical parameters of wastewater (removal of TOC, N-NH4 and pharmaceuticals). Extended exposure of Miscantus giganteus to the wastewater containing pharmaceuticals resulted in elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in leaf material.

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Tian, Weijiu, Tianci Yi, Daochao Jin, and Yufeng Zhou. "Complete mitochondrial genome of Stigmaeopsis miscanthi (Acari: Tetranychidae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 7, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): 836–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2022.2055978.

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32

Herman, Jonathan R. "The Spiritual Illusion: Redux." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 27, no. 4-5 (October 29, 2015): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341351.

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In this response to Knut Melvær’s discussion of “The Spiritual Illusion: Constructive Steps Toward Rectification and Redescription,” I clarify some of the theoretical and methodological background that informed the original article, redress places where Melvær appears to have misread or miscast my positions, and offer some suggestions as to what may really be most at stake in this “spiritual” dispute.

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van den Broek, Jeroen J., Nicolien T. van Ravesteyn, Eveline A. Heijnsdijk, and Harry J. de Koning. "Simulating the Impact of Risk-Based Screening and Treatment on Breast Cancer Outcomes with MISCAN-Fadia." Medical Decision Making 38, no. 1_suppl (March 19, 2018): 54S—65S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x17711928.

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The MISCAN-Fadia microsimulation model uses continuous tumor growth to simulate the natural history of breast cancer and has been used extensively to estimate the impact of screening and adjuvant treatment on breast cancer incidence and mortality trends. The model simulates individual life histories from birth to death, with and without breast cancer, in the presence and in the absence of screening and treatment. Life histories are simulated according to discrete events such as birth, tumor inception, the tumor’s clinical diagnosis diameter in the absence of screening, and death from breast cancer or death from other causes. MISCAN-Fadia consists of 4 main components: demography, natural history of breast cancer, screening, and treatment. Screening impact on the natural history of breast cancer is assessed by simulating continuous tumor growth and the “fatal diameter” concept. This concept implies that tumors diagnosed at a size that is between the screen detection threshold and the fatal diameter are cured, while tumors diagnosed at a diameter larger than the fatal tumor diameter metastasize and lead to breast cancer death. MISCAN-Fadia has been extended by including a different natural history for molecular subtypes based on a tumor’s estrogen receptor (ER) status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. In addition, personalized screening strategies that target women based on their risk such as breast density have been incorporated into the model. This personalized approach to screening will continue to develop in light of potential polygenic risk stratification possibilities and new screening modalities.

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Garima, Singh, and Singh Rajendra. "Updated Checklist of Food Plants of Species of Sitobion Mordvilko, 1914 (Macrosiphini: Aphididae: Hemiptera) in India." International Journal of Biological and Environmental Investigations 01, no. 02 (2022): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijbei.2021.v01i02.003.

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Present article deals with the food plants of the species of Sitobion genus (Aphididae: Hemiptera) in India. Total 26 species of the genus Sitobion are recorded, out of which almost half of them are monophagous feeding on one or two plant species belonging to one or two families. Six species are polyphagous feeding on 12 to 81 plant species. Sitobion (Sitobion) miscanthi (Takahashi, 1921) is highly polyphagous (feeding on 81 plant species) followed by Sitobion (Sitobion) avenae avenae (Fabricius, 1775) (feeding on 37 plant species), Sitobion (Sitobion) indicum Basu, 1964 (feeding on 32 plant species), Sitobion (Sitobion) rosaeiformis (Das, 1918) (feeding on 30 plant species), Sitobion (Sitobion) aulacorthoides (David, Narayanan and Rajasingh, 1970 (1971)) and Sitobion (Sitobion) luteum (Buckton, 1876) (each feeding on 12 plant species). A total of 152 species (24 species of plants identified upto generic level only) of food plants belonging to 33 families of plants serve as food plants of these aphid species. The family Poaceae is the largest family having 65 species of food plants for Sitobion spp. followed by Orchidaceae (20 plant species), Rosaceae (11 plant species), and Asteraceae (10 plant species), and less than 10 plant species each of other 28 plant families. Few species of the genus Sitobion are major pests of agricultural and horticultural crops. The wheat or grain aphid, Sitobion avenae and Indian cereal aphid, Sitobion miscanthi are major pest of wheat and millets in some parts of India.

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Saito, Yutaka. "Do males ofSchizotetranychus miscanthi (Acari, Tetranychidae) recognize kin in male competition?" Journal of Ethology 12, no. 1 (June 1994): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02350075.

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Zając, Grzegorz, Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz, and Małgorzata Szczepanik. "Influence of Biomass Incineration Temperature on the Content of Selected Heavy Metals in the Ash Used for Fertilizing Purposes." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091790.

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This article presents the influence of ash-forming temperature on ash content and the content of selected heavy metals. The biomasses most commonly used in low-power heating boilers, such as miscant, oak, pine, sunflower husk, wheat straw and willow, were selected for the research. The biomass was incinerated at temperatures of 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C, using the X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) for the measurement of element content. The results show that the content of heavy metals in the examined ash was not excessive and could not be considered as potentially dangerous. As the ash-forming temperature increased, the content of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb decreased, which indicates that, at higher temperatures, they went into the gas phase. Cr, Ni and Fe were thermally stable and less volatile, thus the ashes were enriched with them as the ash-forming temperature increased.

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Li, T., J. H. Xiao, Y. Q. Wu, and D. W. Huang. "Diversity of Bacterial Symbionts in Populations ofSitobion miscanthi(Hemiptera: Aphididae) in China." Environmental Entomology 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/en13229.

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38

Draisma, G., and H. J. de Koning. "MISCAN: estimating lead-time and over-detection by simulation." BJU International 92, s2 (December 2003): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.4409x.x.

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Shin, Bora, Chulwoo Park, Byoung-Hee Lee, Ki-Eun Lee, and Woojun Park. "Bacillus miscanthi sp. nov., a alkaliphilic bacterium from the rhizosphere of Miscanthus sacchariflorus." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003982.

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A novel bacterial strain, designated AK13T (=KACC 21401T=DSM 109981T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Miscanthus sacchariflorus. Strain AK13T was found to be an aerobic, Gram-stain–positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. It formed yellow circular colonies with smooth convex surfaces. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain AK13T was estimated to be 40 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that this strain was most closely related to Bacillus lehensis MLB2T (99.4 %), Bacillus oshimensis K11T (98.8 %) and Bacillus patagoniensis PAT 05T (96.6 %). The average nucleotide identity values between strain AK13T and B. lehensis MLB2T, B. oshimensis K11T and B. patagoniensis PAT 05T were 90.93, 91.05 and 71.87 %, respectively, with the digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of 42.7, 42.6 and 18.8 %, respectively. Cells grew at 5–40 °C (optimum, 28–35 °C), pH 6.5–13 (optimum, pH 8–9) and in the presence of 0–13.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). The cell wall of strain AK13T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Results of fatty acid methyl ester analysis revealed that iso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography analysis indicated that the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and glycolipid. The genotypic and phenotypic characteristics suggested that strain AK13T represented a novel species of the genus Bacillus , and thus the name Bacillus miscanthi sp. nov. is proposed.

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Li, Qian, Jia Fan, Jingxuan Sun, Man-Qun Wang, and Julian Chen. "Plant-Mediated Horizontal Transmission of Hamiltonella defensa in the Wheat Aphid Sitobion miscanthi." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, no. 51 (December 5, 2018): 13367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04828.

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41

Saito, Yutaka, Miki Kanazawa, and Yukie Sato. "Life history differences between two forms of the social spider mite, Stigmaeopsis miscanthi." Experimental and Applied Acarology 60, no. 3 (December 16, 2012): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9646-6.

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Liu, Shubin, Xiaoyong Liu, Zhaoxue Zhang, Jiwen Xia, Xiuguo Zhang, and Zhe Meng. "Three New Species of Microdochium (Sordariomycetes, Amphisphaeriales) on Miscanthus sinensis and Phragmites australis from Hainan, China." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8060577.

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Species in Microdochium, potential agents of biocontrol, have often been reported as plant pathogens, occasionally as endophytes and fungicolous fungi. Combining multiple molecular markers (ITS rDNA, LSU rDNA, TUB2 and RPB2) with morphological characteristics, this study proposes three new species in the genus Microdochium represented by seven strains from the plant hosts Miscanthus sinensis and Phragmites australis in Hainan Island, China. These three species, Microdochium miscanthi sp. Nov., M. sinense sp. Nov. and M. hainanense sp. Nov., are described with MycoBank number, etymology, typification, morphological features and illustrations, as well as placement on molecular phylogenetic trees. Their affinity with morphologically allied and molecularly closely related species are also analyzed. For facilitating identification, an updated key to the species of Microdochium is provided herein.

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Grosjean, M. "A 22,000 14C year BP sediment and pollen record of climate change from Laguna Miscanti (23°S), northern Chile." Global and Planetary Change 28, no. 1-4 (February 2001): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8181(00)00063-1.

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44

Sato, Yukie, Yutaka Saito, and Takane Sakagami. "Rules for Nest Sanitation in a Social Spider Mite, Schizotetranychus miscanthi Saito (Acari: Tetranychidae)." Ethology 109, no. 9 (September 2003): 713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00905.x.

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Saito, Yutaka, and Ken Sahara. "Two clinal trends in male-male aggressiveness in a subsocial spider mite ( Schizotetranychus miscanthi )." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 46, no. 1 (June 9, 1999): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050588.

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46

Scauflaire, Jonathan, Mélanie Gourgue, Guy Foucart, Fabien Renard, Frédéric Vandeputte, and Françoise Munaut. "Fusarium miscanthi and other Fusarium species as causal agents of Miscanthus × giganteus rhizome rot." European Journal of Plant Pathology 137, no. 1 (May 4, 2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0220-9.

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Wang, Yongmo, James P. Hereward, and Guoan Zhang. "High Spatial Genetic Structure and Genetic Diversity in Chinese Populations ofSitobion miscanthi(Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 109, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov294.

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48

Gini, Andrea, Maaike Buskermolen, Carlo Senore, Ahti Anttila, Dominika Novak Mlakar, Piret Veerus, Marcell Csanádi, et al. "Development and Validation of Three Regional Microsimulation Models for Predicting Colorectal Cancer Screening Benefits in Europe." MDM Policy & Practice 6, no. 1 (January 2021): 238146832098497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468320984974.

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Background. Validated microsimulation models have been shown to be useful tools in providing support for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening decisions. Aiming to assist European countries in reducing CRC mortality, we developed and validated three regional models for evaluating CRC screening in Europe. Methods. Microsimulation Screening Analysis–Colon (MISCAN-Colon) model versions for Italy, Slovenia, and Finland were quantified using data from different national institutions. These models were validated against the best available evidence for the effectiveness of screening from their region (when available): the Screening for COlon REctum (SCORE) trial and the Florentine fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening study for Italy; the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention (NORCCAP) trial and the guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) Finnish population-based study for Finland. When published evidence was not available (Slovenia), the model was validated using cancer registry data. Results. Our three models reproduced age-specific CRC incidence rates and stage distributions in the prescreening period. Moreover, the Italian and Finnish models replicated CRC mortality reductions (reasonably) well against the best available evidence. CRC mortality reductions were predicted slightly larger than those observed (except for the Florentine FIT study), but consistently within the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Conclusions. Our findings corroborate the MISCAN-Colon reliability in supporting decision making on CRC screening. Furthermore, our study provides the model structure for an additional tool (EU-TOPIA CRC evaluation tool: http://miscan.eu-topia.org ) that aims to help policymakers and researchers monitoring or improving CRC screening in Europe.

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Habbema, J. D. F., G. J. van Oortmarssen, J. Th N. Lubbe, and P. J. van der Maas. "The MISCAN simulation program for the evaluation of screening for disease." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 20, no. 1 (May 1985): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(85)90048-3.

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Burner, David M., Amanda J. Ashworth, Daniel H. Pote, Jim R. Kiniry, David P. Belesky, James H. Houx III, Paul Carver, and Felix B. Fritschi. "Dual-Use Bioenergy-Livestock Feed Potential of Giant Miscanthus, Giant Reed, and Miscane." Agricultural Sciences 08, no. 01 (2017): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2017.81008.

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