Academic literature on the topic 'Miscanthus x giganthus'
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Journal articles on the topic "Miscanthus x giganthus"
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Bilandžija, Nikola, Goran Fabijanić, Stjepan Sito, Mateja Grubor, Zlatko Koronc, Krešimir Čopec, and Igor Kovačev. "Harvest systems of Miscanthus x giganteus biomass: A Review." Journal of Central European Agriculture 21, no. 1 (2020): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/21.1.2511.
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Mekete, Tesfamariam, Kimberly Reynolds, Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora, Michael E. Gray, and Terry L. Niblack. "Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Are Potential Pathogens of Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum Used for Biofuels." Plant Disease 95, no. 4 (April 2011): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-10-0335.
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A survey of Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass plots throughout the midwestern and southeastern United States was conducted to determine the occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with these biofuel crops. During 2008, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from 24 Miscanthus × giganteus and 38 switchgrass plots in South Dakota, Iowa, and Illinois. Additional samples were collected from 11 Miscanthus × giganteus and 10 switchgrass plots in Illinois, Kentucky, Georgia, and Tennessee the following year. The 11 dominant genera recovered from the samples were Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Longidorus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, Paratrichodorus, Hemicriconemoides, and Paratylenchus. Populations of Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, and Pratylenchus were common and recorded in 90.5, 83.8, and 91.9% of the soil samples from Miscanthus × giganteus, respectively, and in 91.6, 75, and 83.3% of the soil samples from switchgrass, respectively. Prominence value (PV) (PV = population density × √frequency of occurrence/10) was calculated for the nematodes identified. Helicotylenchus had the highest PV (PV = 384) and was followed by Xiphinema (PV = 152) and Pratylenchus (PV = 72). Several of the nematode species associated with the two biofuels crops were plant parasites. Of these, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. scribneri, P. crenatus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, X. americanum, and X. rivesi are potentially the most damaging pests to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass. Due to a lack of information, the damaging population thresholds of plant-parasitic nematodes to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass are currently unknown. However, damage threshold value ranges have been reported for other monocotyledon hosts. If these damage threshold value ranges are any indication of the population densities required to impact Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass, then every state surveyed has potential for yield losses due to plant-parasitic nematodes. Specifically, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, and Longidorus spp. were all found to have population densities within or above the threshold value ranges reported for other monocotyledon hosts.
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Vodiak, Yana, Yurii Tsapko, Anatolii Kucher, Vitaliy Krupin, and Iryna Skorokhod. "Influence of Growing Miscanthus x giganteus on Ecosystem Services of Chernozem." Energies 15, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 4157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114157.
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The paper investigates the optimization of ecosystem services of podzolized heavy loamy chernozem (black soil) as a result of the cultivation of the perennial energy culture of Miscanthus x giganteus. The research was conducted on an experimental land plot during 2016–2021. No fertilization was applied to the soil during the experiments, and over the years of research, the growing seasons were accompanied by abnormal droughts, but even under such conditions, the plants of Miscanthus x giganteus gradually increased their yield. At the initial stage of research, in the third year of cultivation, dry biomass of Miscanthus x giganteus was obtained at 14.3 t/ha, in the fourth year–18.6 t/ha, and already in the fifth and sixth years, 21.7 and 24.5 t/ha, respectively. That is, energy-wise, the harvest for the last year was equivalent to 15.9 tons of coal or 12,618 m3 of natural gas. Cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus on black soil for six years has improved the provision of its ecosystem services, regulation, and ecosystem maintenance services. The possibility of growing perennial energy crops on agricultural soils has been proven by obtaining a significant amount of biomass and a positive phytoremediation effect on the soil by reducing erosion, preserving biodiversity, sequestering carbon, and sustainably improving the ecological situation.
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Vodiak, Yana, Yurii Tsapko, Anatolii Kucher, Vitaliy Krupin, and Iryna Skorokhod. "Influence of Growing Miscanthus x giganteus on Ecosystem Services of Chernozem." Energies 15, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 4157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114157.
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The paper investigates the optimization of ecosystem services of podzolized heavy loamy chernozem (black soil) as a result of the cultivation of the perennial energy culture of Miscanthus x giganteus. The research was conducted on an experimental land plot during 2016–2021. No fertilization was applied to the soil during the experiments, and over the years of research, the growing seasons were accompanied by abnormal droughts, but even under such conditions, the plants of Miscanthus x giganteus gradually increased their yield. At the initial stage of research, in the third year of cultivation, dry biomass of Miscanthus x giganteus was obtained at 14.3 t/ha, in the fourth year–18.6 t/ha, and already in the fifth and sixth years, 21.7 and 24.5 t/ha, respectively. That is, energy-wise, the harvest for the last year was equivalent to 15.9 tons of coal or 12,618 m3 of natural gas. Cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus on black soil for six years has improved the provision of its ecosystem services, regulation, and ecosystem maintenance services. The possibility of growing perennial energy crops on agricultural soils has been proven by obtaining a significant amount of biomass and a positive phytoremediation effect on the soil by reducing erosion, preserving biodiversity, sequestering carbon, and sustainably improving the ecological situation.
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Bilandžija, Darija, Nikola Bilandžija, and Željka Zgorelec. "Sequestration potential of energy crop Miscanthus x giganteus cultivated in continental part of Croatia." Journal of Central European Agriculture 22, no. 1 (2021): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/22.1.2776.
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Nurzhanova, A. A., V. Pidlisnyuk, A. Yu Muratova, R. Berzhanova, K. Abit, A. Nurmagambetova, Ch Nurzhanov, T. Mukasheva, and N. Bektileuova. "PHYOREMEDIATION SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS USING THE BIOENERGY SPECIES MISCANTHUS X GIGANTEUS." Eurasian Journal of Ecology 3, no. 56 (2018): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/eje-2018-3-827.
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Everman, Wesley J., Alexander J. Lindsey, Gerald M. Henry, Calvin F. Glaspie, Kristin Phillips, and Cynthia McKenney. "Response of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis to Postemergence Herbicides." Weed Technology 25, no. 3 (September 2011): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00006.1.
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Studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions at Michigan State University and Texas Tech University to investigate the tolerance of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis to POST herbicides. Miscanthus sinensis and M. × giganteus were treated with 10 and 18 POST herbicide treatments, respectively. Plants were evaluated for injury as well as dry aboveground and belowground biomass production 28 days after treatment. Imazethapyr at 0.069 kg ai ha−1 caused 5% injury to M. sinensis, which was greater than the nontreated check. Imazethapyr, imazamox at 0.044 kg ai ha−1, and rimsulfuron at 0.017 kg ai ha−1 reduced aboveground biomass of M. sinensis compared with the nontreated check. Dicamba at 0.56 kg ai ha−1 and halosulfuron at 0.035 kg ai ha−1 resulted in M. sinensis aboveground biomass similar to the nontreated check. Injury exhibited by M. × giganteus was greater than the nontreated check with glyphosate at 0.84 kg ae ha−1 (54%), foramsulfuron at 0.037 kg ai ha−1 (32%), nicosulfuron at 0.035 kg ai ha−1 (28%), and imazamox at 0.044 kg ai ha−1 (10%). These treatments also yielded the lowest aboveground biomass values. The results of this study demonstrate that M. sinensis is more tolerant of the POST herbicides tested here than M.×x. giganteus. Several herbicide options may be available for weed management in M. sinensis and M. × giganteus stands following additional field trials to validate initial findings.
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Sekler, Ivana, Suncica Vjestica, Vladimir Jankovic, Slobodan Stefanovic, and Vladica Ristic. "Miscanthus x giganteus as a building material - lightweight concrete." Chemical Industry 75, no. 3 (2021): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind201116013s.
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A perennial plant Miscanthus x giganteus has found its habitat and multiple applications in Europe, despite the fact that it originates from Asia. This study presents the potential use of this plant in new lightweight concrete materials so-called bio-concretes. The above-ground part of the plant was harvested, dried, crushed, and mixed with binders in different proportions. After casting and drying, the samples were characterized physical and mechanical properties. The results have shown that the sample with a higher content of binders while smaller miscanthus granulation and casted in molds under higher pressure exhibited the highest values of the compressive strength and density. In specific, the density was in the order of magnitude of that reported for other types of lightweight concrete with organic fillers, such as sawdust-based concrete ("Durisol"), which further justifies the use of miscanthus for these purposes.
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Voća, Neven, Nikola Bilandžija, Josip Leto, Luka Cerovečki, and Tajana Krička. "Revitalization of abandoned agricultural lands in Croatia using the energy crop Miscanthus x giganteus." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23, no. 3 (2019): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea1903128v.
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Bosiacki, Maciej. "Influence of increasing nickel content in soil on Miscanthus × giganteus Greef and Deu. Yielding and on the content of nickel in above-ground biomass / Wpływ wzrastającej zawartości niklu w glebie na plonowanie Miscanthus x giganteus Greef i Deu. i zawartość niklu w nadziemnej biomasie." Archives of Environmental Protection 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2015-0009.
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Abstract The aim of the research conducted in a 2-year pot experiment in an unheated plastic tunnel was to determine suitability of Miscanthus × giganteus for phytoextraction of nickel from soil as well as to assess tolerance of this species on increasing concentrations of this metal in soil. Pots were filled with mineral soil (sand) and a mixture of soil with high-moor peat and three levels of nickel were introduced, i.e. 75 mg dm-3, 150 mg dm-3 and 600 mg dm-3 and the control combinations used substrates without the addition of nickel. Nickel was introduced only in the first year of the experiment in the form of nickel sulfate (NiSO4 · 6H2O). Miscanthus × giganteus accumulated a considerable amount of nickel in biomass. Miscanthus × giganteus growing in contaminated mineral soil turned out to be a species tolerant to high nickel concentrations
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Miscanthus x giganthus"
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Amougou, Norbert. "Importance des litières de Miscanthus × giganteus (feuilles sénescentes, racines et rhizomes) : impact de leur décomposition sur la minéralisation de C et N dans un sol." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS007/document.
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La nécessité de maîtriser les émissions de GES (CO2, NO), la raréfaction et la hausse du prix des carburants fossiles conduisent à envisager la substitution du C fossile par du C « renouvelable » c'est-à-dire issu de la biomasse végétale. Cette stratégie de substitution doit être durable. En particulier l’exportation massive de biomasse végétale privant le sol des restitutions de résidus végétaux (par exemple pour les pailles de céréales) ; et l’implantation de nouvelles cultures notamment des plantes pérennes (par exemple le miscanthus) interrogent sur les pratiques culturales, notamment les dates et les fréquences d’exportation, indispensables pour le maintien de la fertilité des sols et une bonne gestion des cycles biogéochimiques. Miscanthus×giganteus, plante pérenne à rhizome est une des plantes « candidate » pour la production des carburants de seconde génération, en raison de son fort potentiel de production de biomasse, y compris en conditions tempérées. Dans ce contexte l’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse était de quantifier et caractériser les litières végétales recyclées vers le sol sous culture de Miscanthus, plus précisément les feuilles sénescentes,les racines et rhizomes de Miscanthus et d’étudier la minéralisation du C et N au cours de leur décomposition. Ce travail s’est appuyé sur un essai au champ de Miscanthus×giganteus, âgé de 3 à 5ans, implanté depuis 2006 à Estrées-Mons (Nord de la France), et croisant 2 dates de récolte (une récolte précoce avant l’hiver et une récolte tardive après l’hiver en fin de cycle annuel) et 2 niveaux de fertilisation azotée (0 kg N ha-1 et 120 kg N ha-1). Tout d’abord sur les litières prélevées sur cet essai,nous avons quantifié, caractérisé biochimiquement et étudié la minéralisation en conditions contrôlées des feuilles sénescentes, rhizomes et racines. Ensuite la dynamique de chute des feuilles au cours de la sénescence, leur accumulation sous forme de mulch à la surface du sol et les cinétiques de décomposition ont été étudiées au champ pendant deux années. Enfin nous avons étudié les effets de la disponibilité de l’azote sur la dynamique du C et N, la dynamique microbienne et des fonctions enzymatiques au cours de la décomposition de ces feuilles, en conditions contrôlées. La disponibilité en N a été modulée soit en apportant de l’azote minéral, soit en apportant des quantités croissantes de feuilles pour une quantité d’azote donnée. Nous montrons que le C stocké dans les trois " compartiments " recyclés potentiellement au sol est considérable : feuilles sénescentes (1à 3 t C ha-1 par an), racines (1 à 2 t C ha-1) et rhizomes (7 à 10 t Cha-1). Les rhizomes, ont une teneur en soluble-NDS de 25 à 35% et une teneur en lignine de 11 à 15% selon les prélèvements précoces ou tardifs, et une teneur en N élevée (0.7-1.5%). On observe en 263jours à 15 °C, une minéralisation des rhizomes représentant 61±8% du C apporté, supérieure à celle observée pour les racines (36±8%) et les feuilles sénescentes (53±4%). Nous montrons l’importance des feuilles sénescentes de Miscanthus dans le recyclage de matière organique vers le sol : le scénario de récolte précoce prive le sol d’un recyclage annuel de 1-3 t C ha-1 ; d’autre part qualitativement, la faible dégradabilité observée au laboratoire pour les feuilles est confirmée au champ, ce qui conduit à la formation d’un mulch important en épaisseur (2 à 4cm) et en quantité (équivalent à 6 à 7 t C ha-1).Enfin, une forte disponibilité en N accélère la vitesse de minéralisation du C à court terme. Ceci se traduit aussi par une augmentation du C microbien et de l’ergostérol, marqueur fongique, ainsi que des activités enzymatiques liées à la dégradation du C et N (xylanase, leucine aminopeptidase). En revanche, cette disponibilité forte en N réprime l’activité laccase. Nous montrons aussi que diminuer la disponibilité relative en N pour les décomposeurs, par ajout de quantités croissantes de feuilles dans le sol conduit à ralentir la croissance microbienne et fongique. Cette situation favorise très tôt l’installation de la biomasse fongique (augmentation du rapport ergostérol/C microbien) et son activité(laccase).Ce travail montre que la culture de Miscanthus permet potentiellement une forte accumulation de C organique, ce qui est favorable au maintien de la fertilité des sols à long terme. Il est maintenant essentiel de pouvoir prédire le devenir du C des parties souterraines de Miscanthus, dans la perspective de changement dans l’utilisation des terresTo control emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, NO), fossil fuels scarcity and their rising prices lead to consider the substitution of fossil C by the "renewable" C from plant biomass. This alternative strategy must be sustainable. In particular the massive export of plant biomass depriving soil of plant residues (eg cereal straws), and the growing of new crops specially perennial crops (eg miscanthus)questioned the cultural practices (dates and frequency of biomass export) essential for maintaining soil fertility and good management of biogeochemical cycles. Miscanthus × giganteus, a rhizomatous perennial grass is dedicated to second-generation fuels production, because of its high potential biomass production.In this context the main objective of this work was to quantify and characterize Miscanthus plant litter recycled to soil, more precisely senescent leaves, roots and rhizomes of Miscanthus, and to study the C and N mineralization during decomposition of these litters. This work was performed on 3 to 5 years old Miscanthus stands established since 2006 in Northern France (Estrées Mons), either fertilized with120 kg N ha−1 year−1 or unfertilized. The sampling of litters was performed in autumn (maximal biomass production) and winter (maturity). Firstly we quantified and biochemically characterized Miscanthus senescent leaves, rhizomes and roots. Then we studied their decomposition in soil under controlled conditions (15°C, -80 kPa) during 263 days. We also investigated in the field for two years the dynamics of leaf fall during senescence, their accumulation in the form of mulch on soil surface and the kinetics of decomposition. Finally we investigated under controlled conditions the effects of nitrogen availability on C and N dynamics, microbial dynamics and enzymatic functions during the decomposition of these leaves. N availability was modulated either by adding inorganic nitrogen, or by adding increasing amounts of leaves for a given amount of nitrogen in soil.Our results showed that the C stored in the three "compartments" recycled to soil is potentially considerable: senescent leaves (1 to 3 t C ha-1 year), roots (1 to 2 t C ha-1) and rhizomes (7 to 10 t C ha-1). The rhizomes had a high NDS soluble content (25 to 35%), a high N content (0.7 to 1.5%) and low lignin content (11 to 15%) depending on early or late harvest dates. we observed after 263 days of decomposition at 15°C a higher carbon mineralization from rhizomes 61 ± 8%, than that observed for roots (36 ± 8%) and senescent leaves (53 ± 4%). We also showed the importance of senescent leavesin the recycling of organic matter in the soil: the early harvest scenario deprives the soil of an annual leaves of 1-3 t C ha-1. Qualitatively, the low degradability observed in the laboratory experiment for the leaves was confirmed in the field. This leads to the formation of an important thick layer of mulch(2 to 4cm) and quantitatively (6-7 t C ha-1). Finally, a high N availability increases the C mineralization rate in the short term which was reflected by an increase in microbial C, fungal ergosterol, and enzymatic activities related to C and N degradation of (xylanase, leucine aminopeptidase). However, this high N availability suppresses laccase activity. We also showed that decreasing N availability for decomposers by adding increasing amounts of leaves in the soil leads toslow microbial and fungal growth. However, this situation favors an early installation of fungal biomass (increased ergosterol / microbial C ratio) and their activity (laccase).This work showed that the cultivation of Miscanthus potentially allows a large accumulation of organic C which is favorable to the maintenance of soil fertility in the long term. It is now essential to predict the fate of underground C parts of Miscanthus, in the perspective of change in land use, i.e.when the Miscanthus stands is to be replaced in field by another crop
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El, Hage Roland. "Prétraitement du miscanthus x giganteus : vers une valorisation optimale de la biomasse lignocellulosique." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10063/document.
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Le miscanthus x Giganteus (MxG) constitue, du fait de sa composition, une source renouvelable de matière lignocellulosique pouvant être d'un grand intérêt pour la production de molécules à haute valeur ajoutée. Le MxG ayant servi à ce travail provient du lycée agricole à Courcelles-Chaussy, Metz-France. Sa teneur élevée en hémicelluloses (26 %), en lignine (26 %) et en cellulose (36 %) en fait une bonne source de polymères et de carburant renouvelable. L'étude que nous avons réalisée a été menée dans le but de caractériser la paille de MxG et d'optimiser le processus de délignification en une seule étape (1) par un traitement organosolv à l'éthanol et en deux étapes (2) par un prétraitement consistant en une autohydrolyse à l'eau/organosolv. Le procédé éthanol organosolv a permis un bon fractionnement des trois constituants de la biomasse (la lignine, la cellulose et les hémicelluloses). Le procédé de traitement en deux étapes, impliquant une autohydrolyse à l'eau (en présence et en l'absence du 2-naphtol), préalable au traitement organosolv, a permis de faciliter l'étape ultérieure de délignification en déstructurant la lignine. Une investigation portant sur la structure physico-chimique a été réalisée sur de la lignine de bois broyé et de la lignine organosolv de MxG extraite à différentes sévérités de traitement. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés à utiliser la lignine organosolv pour la formulation d'un adhésif pour le bois dans laquelle un aldéhyde non toxique et peu volatile (le glyoxal) est employé en remplacement du formaldéhyde. Une formulation, composée à 100 % de résines naturelles (60 % de tannins de mimosa et 40 % de lignine glyoxalée) a été utilisée pour la conception d'un panneau de particules et a donné des résultats prometteurs avec une force de liaison interne de 0,41 MPa, supérieure à la valeur de la norme européenne en vigueur. Enfin, une étude des propriétés antioxydantes a été faite sur les lignines extraites. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une corrélation entre l'activité antioxydante et les conditions opératoires du traitement organosolv, la masse moléculaire moyenne, l'indice de polydispersité et les groupements hydroxyles phénoliques des ligninesMiscanthus x giganteus (MxG) is, because of its composition, a source of renewable lignocellulosic material that can be of great interest for the production of high added value molecules. MxG used in this work comes from the agricultural high school of Courcelles-Chaussy, Metz-France. Its high content of hemicelluloses (26 %), lignin (26 %) and cellulose (36 %) makes it a good source of polymers and renewable fuel. In the present study we have characterized the straw of MxG and optimized the process of delignification in a single step (1) by an ethanol organosolv treatment and in a two steps (2) including an autohydrolysis pretreatment with water / organosolv. The ethanol organosolv process permits a good separation of the three constituents of our biomass (lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses). The two steps treatment process, involving an autohydrolysis with water (in the presence or absence of 2-naphthol) before the pretreatment organosolv has facilitated the later stage of delignification in destructurizing the lignin. An investigation of the physico-chemical properties was performed on the structure of the milled wood lignin and organosolv lignin of MxG extracted with different treatment severities. A way of valorization for the organosolv lignin has been proposed by their incorporation in the formulation of an adhesive for wood in which a non volatile and low toxic aldehyde (glyoxal) is used instead of formaldehyde. A formulation consisting in 100 % of natural resins (60 % tannins of mimosa and 40 % of glyoxalated lignin) was used for the production of particle board and gave promising results with internal bond strength of 0.41 MPa, higher than the value of the current European standard. Finally, a study was conducted on the antioxidant properties of organosolv lignin extracted at different severities. The results have shown a correlation between the antioxidant activity and the operating conditions of treatment organosolv, the average molecular weight, the polydispersity index and the phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin
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Wanat, Nastasia. "Etude de l’adaptation de Miscanthus x giganteus pour la revalorisation d’un ancien site minier fortement contaminé : Potential adaptation of Miscanthus x giganteus for the phytoremediation of a former mine site highly contaminated." Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO4053.
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Dans le contexte actuel, il devient nécessaire de trouver des énergies alternatives et de préserver les sols agricoles pour la production de ressources alimentaires. Ainsi, ce travail avait pour objectif majeur d’étudier la potentielle adaptation et utilisation d’une plante bioénergétique, le Miscanthus x giganteus, sur sites et sols fortement contaminés en métaux et métalloïdes, donc impropres à toute activité alimentaire. Le site d’étude choisi est un ancien site minier situé dans le Limousin sur lequel le traitement de l’or dans les années 60 a induit des dépôts fortement contaminés, et où un couvert végétal est actuellement en développement. Les résultats de culture mettent clairement en évidence les capacités d’adaptation de cette plante, avec un faible transfert d’éléments potentiellement toxiques, même sur des sols acides fortement contaminés (As jusqu’à 83000 mg. Kg-1, Pb - 15000 mg. Kg-1 et Sb - 1100 mg. Kg-1) et ayant de faibles propriétés agronomiques. De plus, la biodisponibilité des métaux ne représente que 1 à 5% des teneurs totales en fonction de l’extractant utilisé, ce qui représente de très importantes valeurs, étant donné les teneurs totales. Ceci est directement lié à la minéralogie du site. La réponse du M. X giganteus au stress métallique met en évidence une forte réduction du rendement de biomasse, une faible perturbation de la photosynthèse nette, une réduction de la conductance stomatique et de la concentration intracellulaire en CO2. De plus, la plante modifie la réponse potentielle des bactéries et archées rhizosphériques oxydatrices de l’ammonium en nitrite dans la réaction de nitrification. Comme attendu, plus la contamination est importante, et plus la réponse de M. X giganteus est marquée. En dépit d’un transfert d’As, Sb et Pb très réduit vers les parties aériennes de la plante, les concentrations mesurées ne permettraient pas une revalorisation industrielle rapide du site mais la culture de la plante serait plutôt stabilisatrice du sol. Des amendements de type agronomiques seraient susceptibles d’améliorer les rendements en vue d’une revalorisation industrielleThe use of alternative energies as fuel and the protection of arable soils as resource for food crop are of major concern in the current context of deficiency of fertile soils. Thus, the main aim of this thesis was to study the potential adaptation of the bioenergetic plant Miscanthus x giganteus on soils highly contaminated by metals and metalloids, and unsuitable for food crops. The experimental site is a former mine located in Limousin (France) where gold treatment induced heavily contaminated tailings, in the sixties. The vegetation cover is nowadays developing. The culture clearly highlighted adaptation capacities of the plant with a low transfer of potentially toxic elements even though soils were acidic, exceptionally contaminated (till 83000 mg As. Kg-1, 15000 mg Pb. Kg-1 and 1100 mg Sb. Kg-1) and with low agronomic performances. Moreover, bioavailability represented only 1 to 5% of total concentrations according to the used reactant which corresponded to very high amounts, given values of total concentrations. These findings are directly link to the mineralogy of the site. M. X giganteus responded to metallic stress with a strong reduction of biomass yield, a slight disturbance of net photosynthesis rate and a reduction of stomatal conductance and substomatal CO2 concentration. Furthermore, the plant modified the potential activity of rhizospheric ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea involved in nitrification. As expected, the more the contamination was high the more M. X giganteus response was marked. Despite a clear reduced As, Sb and Pb transfer to aerial parts, values of measured concentrations could not allow an industrial revalorization. However, this plant could stabilize the soil. Agronomic improvements of the soil might enhance yields for an industrial revalorization
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Mitchell, Jackson Lee Bean. "Cool Temperature Effects on Productivity and Photosynthesis of Two Biomass Fuel Species: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19246.
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The world\'s highest yielding crops are C4 plants due to their higher water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and productivity compared with C3 plants. With an increasing demand for renewable resources as a result of the decreasing global supplies of fossil fuels, we need to improve our understanding of the limitations of biomass fuel feedstock to improve yields and better satisfy energy requirements. The ability to attain the goal feedstock production in the US is limited by available arable land and cool temperatures. This study investigates the effects of cool temperatures on the productivity and photosynthesis of the two species with the highest potential for feedstock production in the US: switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cv. Alamo and miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus). At 14/12"C and a 14/10 hour light/dark photoperiod, switchgrass showed lower productivity and light saturated photosynthetic rates (Amax=10.3 "mol m-2s-1) compared with 28/25"C and the same photoperiod (Amax=18.8 "mol m-2s-1). Miscanthus has demonstrated cold tolerance in previous studies, and here showed no significant decrease in the productivity or photosynthetic rates in cool, compared with warm, growing conditions (Amax=8.2 "mol m-2s-1 and 7.0 "mol m-2s-1 for warm and cool conditions, respectively). Also, this study examines the potential limitations of C4 photosynthesis by the enzyme pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) under the same cool conditions, transgenic switchgrass cv. Alamo were created with the insertion of the miscanthus PPDK gene. Productivity and photosynthetic responses of the transgenic plants were evaluated in cool and warm growth temperatures. Of the two transgenic events tested here, line S(1) displayed cold tolerance, as seen in no loss of both carboxylation efficiency and the ratio of CO2 assimilation to electron transport (Asat/Jmax). These results indicate that PPDK may pose a significant limitation to C4 photosynthesis in cool conditions and there is a possibility that cold season photosynthesis of switchgrass cv. Alamo could be improved.Master of Science
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Wechtler, Laura. "Amélioration de la phytoremédiation par Miscanthus x giganteus d’un technosol contaminé construit à partir de sédiments : co-culture avec Trifolium repens L. et bioaugmentation avec des microorganismes endémiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0221.
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Chaque année, 50 millions de mètres cubes de sédiments sont excavés en France. Parmi eux, certains sont contaminés et des solutions doivent être trouvées pour les valoriser. Dans cette étude, des sédiments excavés ont été mélangés avec le sol du site d’accueil, tous deux contaminés en ETM et HAP, afin de créer un technosol à traiter en phytoremédiation par Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG). L’objectif de ce travail consistait à améliorer la rhizodégradation des HAP et la phytostabilisation des ETM tout en augmentant la productivité de MxG en vue de la valorisation de sa biomasse. Pour cela, deux expérimentations ont été réalisées. La première associait MxG en co-culture avec le trèfle blanc et la seconde couplait MxG en monoculture et en co-culture avec la bioaugmentation par des microorganismes hydrocarbonoclastes endémiques du technosol. D’après les résultats obtenus, la co-culture apparaît comme la technique la plus intéressante pour améliorer la phytoremédiation des HAP et des ETM et pour améliorer la qualité du technosol comparé à la phytoremédiation assistée par bioaugmentation. De plus, la plantation de trèfle blanc pour réaliser la co-culture est plus économique, plus rapide et plus simple à mettre en œuvre que la bioaugmentation. Ces résultats devront être confirmés in situ et d’autres espèces végétales pourraient également être testées en association avec MxG afin de coupler la rhizodégradation des HAP avec la phytoextraction des ETMEvery year, 50 million cubic meters of sediments are excavated in France. Among them, some are contaminated and solutions must be found to valorize them. In this study, excavated sediments were mixed with the host-site soil, both contaminated with trace metals and PAHs, in order to create a technosol, then treated by phytoremediation with Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG). The objective was to improve the rhizodégradation of PAHs and the phytostabilisation of trace metals as well as to improve the quality of the technosol to increase the productivity of MxG with the aim of valorizing its biomass. Thus, two experiments were carried out. The first associated MxG in co-culture with white clover, and the second combined phytoremediation with a mono- and a co-culture of MxG with bioaugmentation by the endemic hydrocarbonoclast microorganisms of the technosol. According to the results obtained, co-culturing of MxG and white clover appears to be the most note-worthy technique to improve the phytoremediation of PAHs and trace metals and the quality of the technosol compared to phytoremediation assisted by bioaugmentation. In addition, planting white clover for co-culturing is more cost-effective, faster and easier to implement than bioaugmentation. These results will have to be confirmed in situ and other plant species could also be tested in association with MxG in order to combine rhizodegradation with phytoextraction
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Smith, Rachel. "Agronomy of the energy crops Miscanthus x giganteus, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54496/.
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For this study, the energy crops Miscanthus x giganteus, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea were planted at sites across Wales. Non-destructive methods of estimating crop yields were developed the most significant relationship for Miscanthus was between mean shoot height and mean shoot dry weight, whereas for Arundo it was between mean shoot volume and mean shoot dry weight although these estimates were over-estimates of actual crop yield when scaled up to field size. Yield estimates were obtained from destructive sampling for Phalaris and these were shown to be under estimates of whole crop yield. Crop growth data were compared in relation to soil type, soil chemistry and climatic conditions. Soil clay content and soil preparation were identified as of utmost importance to Miscanthus and Arundo success, but had no effect on Phalaris crops. Both Arundo and Miscanthus showed sensitivity to air temperatures during the growing season. Delaying harvest of both crops produced material with decreased moisture and mineral content, although results were not significant in all cases. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of leaves were higher than that in the cane, and harvest following leaf abscission was recommended. Arundo did not senesce completely during the winter period, and produced harvested material with higher mineral content than Miscanthus. Both crops required further drying to meet moisture content requirements for combustion crops. Phalaris was the only crop to meet moisture content and mineral content threshold levels, although the results were not consistent across sites. Leaf chlorophyll content was significantly correlated to above ground plant mineral content. Organic and inorganic fertilisers were applied to the three crops, and produced no response in Phalaris. Both Miscanthus and Arundo increased growth in response to high phosphorus levels, and generally in response to high fertiliser applications. At recommended application rates cattle manure showed most effect.
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Hopgood, Michael. "Induced phytoextraction of metal contaminated soil by Miscanthus x giganteus and Pelargonium graveolans 'Lemon Fancy'." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428867.
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Mira, Francisco Infante Fialho Caeiro. "Análise descritiva e modelação do crescimento e desenvolvimento do Miscanthus x giganteus no ano de instalação." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3992.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaA key strategy in tackling the issue of greenhouse gas emissions is associated with the replacement of fossil energies by renewable ones. This is why, in this context, the recent interest in using biomass as an energy source is increasing, mainly as biofuels - fuels originating from energy crops. The essay here presented is therefore central in this subject area, contributing to the study of an energy crop with high potential in our country, the Miscanthus x giganteus. The main goals of this dissertation include a propagation study of the species, the analysis of the crops growth in Portugal in the year of installation through a field experiment, and the development of a growth and crop productivity model in the year of crop installation. With regard to vegetative propagation Miscanthus x giganteus showed the best results when rhizomes with four internodes were used (larger fragments). In the growth analysis for the year of installation Miscanthus x giganteus showed a fast and effective establishment, reaching a productivity of 13.8 t ha-1. By modeling the culture‟s growth behavior it was possible to obtain a successful development and total biomass productivity model, wich showed reasonable results in several areas of the country with different agro-ecological conditions
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Wanat, Nastasia. "Etude de l'adaptation de Miscanthus x giganteus pour la revalorisation d'un ancien site minier fortement contaminé." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809037.
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Dans le contexte actuel, il devient nécessaire de trouver des énergies alternatives et de préserver les sols agricoles pour la production de ressources alimentaires. Ainsi, ce travail avait pour objectif majeur d'étudier la potentielle adaptation et utilisation d'une plante bioénergétique, le Miscanthus x giganteus, sur sites et sols fortement contaminés en métaux et métalloïdes, donc impropres à toute activité alimentaire. Le site d'étude choisi est un ancien site minier situé dans le Limousin sur lequel le traitement de l'or dans les années 60 a induit des dépôts fortement contaminés, et où un couvert végétal est actuellement en développement. Les résultats de culture mettent clairement en évidence les capacités d'adaptation de cette plante, avec un faible transfert d'éléments potentiellement toxiques, même sur des sols acides fortement contaminés (As jusqu'à 83000 mg.kg-1, Pb - 15000 mg.kg-1 et Sb - 1100 mg.kg-1) et ayant de faibles propriétés agronomiques. De plus, la biodisponibilité des métaux ne représente que 1 à 5% des teneurs totales en fonction de l'extractant utilisé, ce qui représente de très importantes valeurs, étant donné les teneurs totales. Ceci est directement lié à la minéralogie du site. La réponse du M. x giganteus au stress métallique met en évidence une forte réduction du rendement de biomasse, une faible perturbation de la photosynthèse nette, une réduction de la conductance stomatique et de la concentration intracellulaire en CO2. De plus, la plante modifie la réponse potentielle des bactéries et archées rhizosphériques oxydatrices de l'ammonium en nitrite dans la réaction de nitrification. Comme attendu, plus la contamination est importante, et plus la réponse de M. x giganteus est marquée. En dépit d'un transfert d'As, Sb et Pb très réduit vers les parties aériennes de la plante, les concentrations mesurées ne permettraient pas une revalorisation industrielle rapide du site mais la culture de la plante serait plutôt stabilisatrice du sol. Des amendements de type agronomiques seraient susceptibles d'améliorer les rendements en vue d'une revalorisation industrielle.
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Banda, Agripina. "Thermophilic mixed culture degradation of Miscanthus x giganteus as a guide to strategies for consolidated bioprocessing." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/23796.
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The successful development of consolidated bioprocessing requires microorganisms capable of degrading lignocellulosic biomass and fermenting the resulting sugars. Commercial cellulases and hemicellulases are currently being used to access these sugars, adding to the cost of producing useful products from lignocellulose. This study reports the enrichment of thermophilic, miscanthus degrading bacterial cultures from a municipal composting facility. The detected and isolated bacteria were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and were mostly Chitinophagaceae family, Meiothermus spp. and Geobacillus spp. Other isolated species included Cohnella spp., Brevibacillus sp., Chelatococcus spp., Thermobacillus spp., Thermoanaerobacterium spp., Thermobispora bispora, Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. After enrichment, the mixed population was able to degrade greater than 50% of an ammonium hydroxide pre-treated Miscanthus x giganteus sample (1 g) over a six week incubation period at 55oC, with a reduction in the amounts of all components, including acid soluble and acid insoluble lignin. The glycoside hydrolases and other enzymes identified in the culture supernatants included endo-1,4-β-glucanase A, glucoamylase, xylan 1,4-β-xylosidase, xylose isomerase, xylulokinase, superoxide dismutase, transaldolase, Mn-catalase, Δ-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase and endo-β-N-acetylglucoseaminidase H. The HPLC analysis showed that fermentation products formate and lactate were present in the culture supernatant. Expression of an endoglycoside hydrolase (Csac_0137 from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus) gene in Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius strains, NCIMB 11955 and DL33, improved their β-glucosidase specific activity on cellobiose, and improved glycoside hydrolase activities of recombinant DL33 strain when grown on pre-treated M. x giganteus. Co-culturing of either transformed or wild-type NCIMB 11955 and DL33 with some of the isolated strains improved their glycoside hydrolase activity and growth on pretreated M. x giganteus.
Books on the topic "Miscanthus x giganthus"
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Carver, Paul Adrian. The effect of microclimate upon the growth, photosynthesis and productivity of Miscanthus x giganteus at contrasting planting densities. Wolverhampton: University of Wolverhampton, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Miscanthus x giganthus"
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Pyter, Richard, Emily Heaton, Frank Dohleman, Tom Voigt, and Stephen Long. "Agronomic Experiences with Miscanthus x giganteus in Illinois, USA." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 41–52. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-214-8_3.
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Farage, P. K., N. R. Baker, J. I. L. Morison, and S. P. Long. "Effects of Chilling on Photosynthesis in the C4 Grass Miscanthus x giganteus." In Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects, 3845–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3953-3_896.
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Knapczyk, Adrian, Sławomir Francik, Artur Wójcik, and Grzegorz Bednarz. "Influence of Storing Miscanthus x gigantheus on Its Mechanical and Energetic Properties." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 651–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72371-6_64.
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Wang, Dafu, Archie R. Portis, Stephen P. Moose, and Stephen P. Long. "An Increase In Expression Of Pyruvate Pi Dikinase Corresponds To Cold-Tolerant C4 Photosynthesis Of Miscanthus X Giganteus." In Photosynthesis. Energy from the Sun, 845–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6709-9_188.
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Donadelli, Renan, and Greg Aldrich. "Miscanthus Grass as a Nutritional Fiber Source for Monogastric Animals." In Grasses and Grassland - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99951.
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While fiber is not an indispensable nutrient for monogastric animals, it has benefits such as promoting gastrointestinal motility and production of short chain fatty acids through fermentation. Miscanthus x giganteus is a hybrid grass used as an ornamental plant, biomass for energy production, construction material, and as a cellulose source for paper production. More recently Miscanthus grass (dried ground Miscanthus x giganteus) was evaluated for its fiber composition and as a fiber source for poultry (broiler chicks) and pets (dogs and cats). As a fiber source, this ingredient is mostly composed of insoluble fiber (78.6%) with an appreciable amount of lignin (13.0%). When added at moderate levels to broiler chick feed (3% inclusion) Miscanthus grass improved dietary energy utilization. However, when fed to dogs at a 10% inclusion Miscanthus grass decreased dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy digestibility, and increased dietary protein digestibility compared to dogs fed diets containing similar concentrations of beet pulp. Comparable results were reported for cats. In addition, when Miscanthus grass was fed to cats to aid in hairball management, it decreased the total hair weight per dry fecal weight. When considering the effects Miscanthus grass has on extruded pet foods, it behaves in a similar manner to cellulose, decreasing radial expansion, and increasing energy to compress the kibbles, likely because of changes in kibble structure. To date, Miscanthus grass has not been evaluated in human foods and supplements though it may have applications similar to those identified for pets.
Conference papers on the topic "Miscanthus x giganthus"
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"Variations in Moisture Content and Composition of Stored Miscanthus x giganteus." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141894607.
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Al Souki, Karim, Brice Louvel, Francis Douay, and Bertrand Pourrut. "Interest of Miscanthus x Giganteus in Phytomanaging Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils." In The 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/awspt17.116.
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Kaiser, David, Shashank Sakleshpur, Mani Sarathy, Ribhu Gautam, Murali Khandavilli, and Carolina Arias Gallego. "Evaluation of Miscanthus Gasification and Oxy-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential with Carbon Capture Towards Implementation of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage in England." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210984-ms.
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Abstract Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) pathways and supply chain designs are researched broadly and implemented for scenarios as of the IEA's (2021) Net Zero by 2050 report. The Committee on Climate Change (2018a, 2018b) has identified Miscanthus as one biomass type to achieve its negative emission goals and aligned one third of 1.2 million hectares under high level and one third of 0.7 million hectares under medium level of ambition (multi-functional land use) for the cultivation of Miscanthus for BECCS in the UK. In this study the input of 39 t/hr of Miscanthus x giganteus biomass as well as Energy technologies institutes (2015) information on projected distributed BECCS installations in the UK for BECCS were considered to bring up different gasifying agent options for H2 generation through Miscanthus Gasification with pre combustion carbon capture and one configuration for oxy-combustion with post combustion carbon capture for highly efficient power generation. Process simulations with Aspen software were conducted to determine power yields and carbon capture rates of optimized bioenergy with carbon capture value chains, sensitivity analysis were executed in order to optimize the configurations. The aim of the study was to observe how highest achievable power generation efficiencies of H2 generation through gasification of Miscanthus x giganetus compare with oxy-combustion power generation efficiency and how the different pathways influence the carbon capture efficiency. The aim was to inform BECCS implementation decisions with optimum possible H2 and power generation yields as well as their respective carbon capture potential. It was found that under oxygen, air and steam as gasifying agents steam is most effective for H2 generation with 3.1 t/hr of H2 produced under a input of 39 t/hr of Miscanthus input, which generates 35,6 MW of power in a simulated H2 turbine. Under simulation assumptions it captures thereby 55,2 t/hr of CO2 with a carbon capture rate of 99%. Oxy-combustion is more efficient than the gasification pathways in regard of power generation, which is 100,4 MW with CO2 capture of 36,6 t/hr with an carbon capture efficiency of 73,8 %. Concluding oxy-combustion is preferred, if highly efficient power generation is wanted and lower carbon capture rate is accepted thereby. When H2 generation is preferred, steam gasification should be chosen as highest efficient gasification pathway. The exact numbers of power generation as well as carbon capture can be used now to estimate UKs overall power generation as well as carbon capture potential of Miscanthus x giganteus cultivation under different land use scenarios considering land use change effects and biodiversity.
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Michel, R., R. Gruber, P. Burg, S. Rapagnà, G. Mazziotti Di Celso, and C. Courson. "Gasification of Miscanthus X Giganteus in Catalytic Conditions: Production of Syngas, Preliminary Results." In 3rd France-Russia Seminar. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/names2007021.
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Daniel A Williams, Mary-Grace C Danao, Marvin R Paulsen, Kent D Rausch, Ana B. Ibáñez, and Stefan Bauer. "Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) of Miscanthus x giganteus by FT-NIR Spectroscopy." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131596145.
Full textReports on the topic "Miscanthus x giganthus"
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Sonnenberg, A. M., Johan J. P. Baars, M. H. M. Visser, B. Lavrijssen, J. W. Cone, and P. M. Hendrickx. Evaluation of shiitake strains (Lentinula edodes) on selective lignin degradation in Miscanthus x giganteus. Wageningen: Wageningen UR, Plant Breeding, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/401882.
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Kasper, G. J., J. C. van der Kolk, and J. C. van der Putten. Samenstelling van blad, stengel en rhizomen in relatie tot optimaal oogst-tijdstip van Miscanthus x giganteus. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/414498.
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Wu, May M., and Yi-Wen Chiu. Developing County-level Water Footprints of Biofuel Produced from Switchgrass and Miscanthus x Giganteus in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177405.
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