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1
EYRAUD, VINCENT. "Caracterisation par microscopie acoustique en regime impulsionnel de materiaux mis en forme." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077074.
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Les travaux de recherche presentes dans ce memoire concernent la mise au point d'une methode de caracterisation non destructive des materiaux metalliques sur pieces a interface plane ou courbe. L'objectif de cette etude est de pouvoir suivre l'evolution des proprietes d'objets au fur et a mesure de leur mise en forme. Dans ce but, nous proposons d'etudier la propagation a la surface du materiau d'ondes de rayleigh, engendrees par microscopie acoustique en regime impulsionnel a basse frequence (de l'ordre 10 mhz). D'un point de vue theorique, l'etude a ete divisee en une partie consacree au developpement d'un modele de simulation de signaux transitoires et une partie destinee a interpreter physiquement les signaux experimentaux. Dans la premiere partie, les signaux modelises et experimentaux ont ete confrontes avec succes dans le cas d'interface plane. Les effets d'un interface courbe n'ont ete pris en compte que d'un point de vue geometrique. Pour la seconde approche, un formalisme d'analyse macro/micro (basee sur des techniques d'homogeneisation) a ete etabli afin d'interpreter d'un point de vue microscopique les grandeurs macroscopiques mesurees. Ceci a permis de relier l'anisotropie des vitesses de propagation des ondes surfaciques aux constantes elastiques effectives et surtout a la texture cristallographique de materiaux cubiques (via la fonction de distribution des orientations cristallines (fdoc)). Les experiences ont ete menees a l'aide de capteurs cylindriques a forte ouverture angulaire (< 45\) afin d'engendrer des ondes de surface dans des materiaux de faibles vitesses de propagation. Cette etude a abouti a la caracterisation d'objets en tantale mis en forme par laminage et emboutissage et possedant une interface
2
Carasso, Anne. "Forme, organisme, connaissance : le statut de la connaissance mis en question par les philosophies de la forme et du vivant." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10107.
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Ce travail pose la question des rapports complexes et multiples qui relient la connaissance à la vie, et s'efforce de retrouver ce cheminement de la connaissance qui semble la conduire, jusque dans l'épistémologie contemporaine, à ne pouvoir traiter du vivant ou de l'humain autrement qu'au regard des décisions métaphysiques ou ontologiques qui sont à son fondement. Les philosophies contemporaines de la forme et du vivant, abordées ici à partir de la lecture commune que Merleau-Ponty et Canguilhem vont faire de "La Structure de l'organisme" de Goldstein, constituent une étape essentielle de la rupture opérée avec la pensée duelle de la vie et de la connaissance, et de l'engagement de l'épistémologie contemporaine vers l'élaboration d'une nouvelle intelligibilité du vivant, à la lumière des résultats de la reurobiologie de Goldstein : les troubles organiques compromettent la totalité de l'organisme, et ce n'est que dans une vision du tout que l'on peut comprendre les phénomènes vivants. Mais plus que les développements philosophiques de Goldstein, sur lesquels prend appui Merleau-Ponty pour élaborer sa philosophie du vécu, nous situerons avec Canguilhem l'apport majeur de Goldstein dans l'enseignement que l'on peut tirer de la méthode mise en oeuvre : celle d'une clinique pathologique seule en mesure de restituer l'activité du vivant dans sa temporalité propre, qui contribue à mettre en lumière la nature de cet "impensé du concept" sur lequel buttent les sciences du vivant. N'est-ce pas cette part d'impensé qui concentre l'essence même du vivant ? Nous réfléchirons à cette question à la lumière de l'ergologie, et des travaux de Prigogine sur les structures dissipatives et l'historicité de la matière active.
3
Dembinski, Lucas. "Contribution au développement d'alliages à base de cuivre mis en forme par projection thermique." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2002.
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"Cette étude s'inscrit dans le développement d'alliages à base cuivre mis en forme par projection thermique sous pression réduite et atmosphère neutre. Les alliages à base cuivre renforcés par précipitation possèdent un bon compromis entre les propriétés mécaniques et thermiques. En vue d'optimiser les propriéts de ces alliages plasma-formés, trois axes de recherches ont été étudiés. La première voie s'intéresse à l'influence des paramètres du procédé de projection thermique sur des alliages Cu-Ag élaborés à partir de mélanges de poudres Cu + Ag. Les différentes caractérisations montrent que le mélange de poudres doit être projeté sur un substrat préchauffé afin d'avoir un faible taux de porosité et une mise en solution " in situ " de l'argent qui précipitera lors du refroidissement des pièces. Cependant après élaboration, les analyses ont montré qu'une certaine quantité d'argent était évaporée. Cette quantité dépend de la granulométrie de la poudre d'argent et de la puissance du plasma. La seconde phase aborde l'influence de la teneur en argent dans des alliages de base Cu-Ag-Zr. Les résultats montrent que la stabilité à haute température des précipités riches en zirconium dépend du rapport atomique Zr/Ag. Les propriétés de ces alliages ont été optimisées par traitements thermiques. Les cinétiques de durcissement ont été établies et les évolutions microstructurales analysées au MEB. Face à une certaine sensibilité des alliages Cu-Ag-Zr vis-à-vis du procédé de projection thermique, la dernière partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'étude d'une nouvelle famille d'alliage base Cu-Cr-Nb moins sensible au procédé d'élaboration. La phase Cr2Nb, très stable à haute température, a pu être synthétisée en partant du mélange de poudres CuCr et CuNb. Les résultats montrent également que, pour ce type d'alliage, le cyclage thermique rapide de la torche à plasma permet un affinement de la microstructure, ce qui produit un gain de dureté par rapport à la poudre initiale. "The aim of this study is to contribute to the development of copper based alloys obtained by thermal spraying to improve strength-thermal conductivity balance. I order to avoid contamination, processing is carried out using the VPS technique under neutral atmosphere with a special emphasison alloys synthesized from powder blends. Three ways of research are considered. First the effects of processing parameters on Cu-Ag alloys elaborated from Cu+Ag powder blends are determined. It is shown that blends must be sprayed onto a substrateat high monitored temperature, so as to reduce the porosity level and to authorize the direct solutioning of silver in the copper matrix. Loss in silver occurs during spraying, depending on the feedstock silver particle size fraction and the plasma power. The second step deals with CuAgZr alloys. In this case, zirconium rich precipitates are present to pin grain boundaries and trap oxygen. Their stability is shown depending on the Zr/Ag atomic ratio. Alloys properties were optimized by heat treatment. The hardening kinetics have been established and the microstructural evolution analyses have been performed by SEM. The last part of this work focuses on CuCrNb alloys. These materials containa high temperature stable Cr2Nb phase. The synthesized of CR2Nb was successfully achieved by spraying Cu-Cr and Cu-Nb blends. In addition, the refinement of deposit microstructure due to the fast thermal cycles in the plasma torch provides a higher hardness than in the starting powder
4
Boyadjian, Quentin. "Maitrise de la microstructure des alliages de plomb-antimoine mis en forme par fonderie." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4019/document.
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Les alliages de plomb-antimoine permettent à 1 milliard de véhicules thermiques de démarrer quotidiennement mais sont également utilisés dans le secteur médical et de l’énergie pour réaliser des équipements de radioprotection. Or la littérature montre une grande disparité des propriétés mécaniques et électrochimiques de ces alliages en fonction des conditions de sollicitation. La cause de cette confusion est liée à une sous-estimation de la sensibilité de ces matériaux à la température et à la vitesse de déformation. La température ambiante représente en effet la moitié de la température de fusion du plomb (en Kelvin) qui subit alors un recuit permanent. Les phénomènes thermiquement activés tels que la restauration et la recristallisation ne sont donc pas négligeable dans la modélisation du comportement mécanique de ces alliages. Après avoir modélisé l’influence de l’antimoine et de la vitesse de solidification sur les propriétés des microstructures de fonderie, une modélisation du comportement mécanique lors de grandes déformations est proposée. Le modèle déterminé est fidèle aux données expérimentales et intègre la sensibilité du matériau aux conditions de déformation sous la forme du paramètre de Zener- Hollomon. Les hétérogénéités de propriétés mécaniques qui sont issues de l’assemblage par soudage TIG sont expliquées par la présence conjointe des deux microstructures : une morphologie de solidification dans le cordon de soudure et une morphologie de déformation dans les laminés. Dans les alliages de plomb-antimoine, une microstructure hybride est créée à l’interface par un phénomène de fusion partielle des joints de grainsLead-antimony alloys allow 1 billion thermal vehicles to start daily but are also used in the medical and energy sector to produce radiation protection equipment. However, the literature shows a great disparity in the mechanical and electrochemical properties of these alloys depending on the conditions of stress. The cause of this confusion is related to an underestimation of the sensitivity of these materials to temperature and strain rate. The ambient temperature represents in fact half the melting temperature of the lead (in Kelvin) which then undergoes a permanent annealing. The thermally activated phenomena such as restoration and recrystallization are therefore not negligible in the modeling of the mechanical behavior of these alloys. After modeling the influence of antimony and the rate of solidification on the properties of solidification microstructures, a modeling of the mechanical behavior during large deformations is proposed. The determined model is faithful to the experimental data and incorporates the sensitivity of the material to the deformation conditions thanks to the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The heterogeneities of mechanical properties that arise from the TIG welding are explained by the presence of two microstructures: a solidification morphology in the weld bead and a deformation morphology in the rolls. For leadantimony alloys, a hybrid microstructure is created at the interface by a phenomenon of partial melting of the grain boundaries
5
Delhomme, Eric. "Déliantage, par CO2 supercritique, de matériaux céramiques réfractaires mis en forme par injection basse pression." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0010.
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Ce travail, effectue avec un partenaire industriel, a concerne la mise au point d'une technique innovante d'elimination par co 2 supercritique, de liants organiques de mise en forme par injection basse pression. Cette technique presente de nombreux avantages par rapport a la technique classique de deliantage thermique. Un cycle de deliantage supercritique, permettant d'obtenir des pieces industrielles sans defauts en un temps court (4 a 6 heures pour des pieces de 12 a 15 mm d'epaisseur) a ete defini. Ce cycle est effectue a une temperature variant de 40\c a 120\c, sous une pression de 28 mpa. Il est associe a un lit support assurant le maintien des pieces sans degradation de l'etat de surface. L'homogeneite de la microstructure des echantillons crus s'est revelee avoir une influence notable sur l'apparition de defauts. Le deliantage supercritique ne peut s'appliquer avec succes que sur des pieces dont la microstructure est homogene (repartition uniforme du liant, absence de contraintes residuelles). En terme de cout, un pilote d'extraction industriel, comprenant deux enceintes d'extraction fonctionnant en alternance, conduit a un cout du deliantage equivalent voire inferieur a celui du deliantage thermique, avec l'avantage d'un cycle de quelques heures (4 a 6) compare a un cycle de plusieurs jours. Les mecanismes mis en jeu lors du deliantage supercritique ont ete determines. L'etude de la solubilite des liants (paraffines) dans le co 2 supercritique a abouti au developpement d'un modele specifique qui prend en compte la composition des paraffines. Ce modele permet de modeliser la solubilite de paraffines en fonction des conditions experimentales, et de determiner l'evolution de la composition de la paraffine subsistant dans la porosite. Une modelisation simple de la cinetique globale d'extraction a ete appliquee a l'aide d'un modele de diffusion a coefficient constant. Il permet d'estimer le temps necessaire a l'extraction des paraffines en fonction des dimensions des pieces traitees. Afin de developper un modele plus performant, une etude de deliantage a ete initiee, qui permettra d'etablir l'influence de la taille des pores et des molecules solubilisees sur la cinetique d'extraction. Les premiers essais ont montre la pertinence de cette technique qu'il reste maintenant a exploiter.
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WALTER, MARC. "Elaboration de supports de catalyseurs a base d'alumine et d'alumine-zeolithe mis en forme par extrusion." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066711.
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L'extrusion est un procede de mise en forme tres repandu dans l'industrie de fabrication de catalyseurs de raffinage. Le but de ce travail est de mettre en evidence et de quantifier les effets de la peptisation sur les proprietes rheologiques, texturales et mecaniques des materiaux elabores a partir d'une alumine commerciale de type pseudoboehmite et mis en forme par extrusion. Les parametres etudies sont d'ordre chimique (nature et concentration des reactifs) ou relatifs a la technologie mise en uvre (type d'appareil, mode de fonctionnement). Lors de l'etude de la peptisation en procede continu, l'emploi de la methodologie des plans d'experiences permet de determiner les facteurs influents qui gouvernent les proprietes des materiaux elabores. Les quantites d'acide et d'eau ajoutees a la poudre, de meme que le debit d'alumine, apparaissent comme les parametres preponderants. Leurs effets sur les proprietes des extrudes sont quantifies a l'aide de modeles du premier ordre. Ces resultats servent de points de depart a l'etude de l'utilisation de la pseudoboehmite peptisee comme liant dans la mise en forme par extrusion d'une zeolite y desaluminee. Finalement, ce travail presente une technique inedite de caracterisation des pates de pseudoboehmite peptisee. Elle consiste en l'observation au microscope electronique a balayage d'echantillons lyophilises. Les informations obtenues a l'aide de cette methode sont en accord avec les caracterisations texturales effectuees par porosimetrie au mercure et confortent le mecanisme de peptisation de la pseudoboehmite jusqu'alors retenu
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BEN, AMOR KHALED. "Les conditions d'exploitation d'un produit montmorillonitique stabilise a l'aide de ciment et mis en forme par extrusion." Rennes, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAR0008.
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Cette etude entre dans le cadre des travaux de recherche menes au laboratoire g. T. Ma. Sur la stabilisation a froid des materiaux argileux mis en forme par extrusion et la rheologie des pates argileuses. Elle consiste a determiner les conditions d'utilisation de la montmorillonite dans le procede de fabrication par extrusion. La montmorillonite convient mal au procede de stabilisation a froid a l'aide de ciment portland. Outre son caractere gonflant, cette argile, utilisee comme materiau de base dans les melanges extrudes, fixe les ions ca#2#+ liberes au cours de la dissolution du ciment. Elle gene ainsi le developpement du processus d'hydratation de ce dernier et rend inefficace la stabilisation des produits finis. Aussi est-il entrepris de pretraiter la montmorillonite en la saturant en ions ca#2#+, avant de la melanger au ciment. D'autre part, l'etude d'un seuil de stabilisation definissant les conditions de stabilisation d'un produit montmorillonitique par du ciment met en evidence les limites dans lesquelles la presence de cette argile dans un sol n'affecte pas l'efficacite de la stabilisation des produits extrudes. La derniere partie de ce travail, par differents tests permettant d'apprecier l'efficacite de la stabilisation a froid, montre que: dans les sols argileux ne reunissant pas au depart les conditions requises de stabilisation, la substitution d'une partie de l'argile par des cendres volantes silico-alumineuses ameliore les caracteristiques des produits extrudes et autorise finalement leur stabilisation au ciment, l'emploi de la montmorillonite comme agent d'extrusion donne la faculte d'eliminer des quantites massives de cendres volantes en les utilisant comme base de fabrication de materiaux de construction
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Becker, Eric. "Investigations experimentales et numeriques pour l’identification des parametres clefs du procede de thixoforgeage de l’acier sur le produit mis en forme." Paris, ENSAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENAM0038.
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L’industrie cherche en permanence à minimiser le temps et les coûts, à simplifier leur processus de fabrication tout en maximisant la qualité de leurs produits. Cette démarche s’applique pour l’industrie de la mise en forme des métaux. Dans ce contexte, un procédé innovant de mise en forme, le thixoforgeage, s’est développé, permettant d’obtenir des pièces de formes complexes aux qualités mécaniques élevées en minimisant le nombre de phases du processus de fabrication. Ce procédé utilise les propriétés de l’état semisolide des alliages métalliques, cet état étant obtenu par fusion partielle du solide. Dans le cadre de la mise en forme de l’acier à l’état semi-solide, les difficultés liées à la température de travail et la méconnaissance du comportement mécanique et thermomécanique du matériau rendent difficile le développement industriel du procédé. Cette thèse a l’ambition d’améliorer la compréhension du comportement de l’acier lors de sa mise en forme par thixoforgeage. L’objectif est également de développer l’exploitation du modèle original deux phases multiéchelle « micro-macro », et son implémentation dans les solveurs 2D et 3D de Forge 2007®. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des essais expérimentaux avec des dispositifs spécifiques et innovants ont été réalisés. Une étude paramétrique de l’opération de thixoforgeage a été mise en place. Les principaux paramètres de conduite du procédé ont été identifiés. Ces paramètres sont la vitesse de mise en forme, la température initiale de l’acier et la température initiale de l’outil. Pour chaque essai, l’évolution des efforts de mise en forme, la nature de l’écoulement et la qualité des pièces produites au travers de l’observation macrographiques et micrographiques de leur structure métallurgique et d’essais mécaniques, ont été étudiées. Des essais avec des outillages instrumentés ont également permis une caractérisation des échanges thermiques entre l’outil et la pièce lors de la mise en forme. Ce nombre important d’essais a permis de décrire l’influence et de montrer l’importance de ces paramètres dans la mise en forme par thixoforgeage. Ces essais ont également servi de base au recalage du modèle multiéchelle « micro-macro » et des coefficients d’échange thermique entre l’outil et la pièce. Les essais et les simulations ont été comparés afin de déterminer et améliorer la capacité prédictive du modèle implémenté dans le logiciel Forge2007®Industry is permanently looking for minimizing production time and cost, simplifying their manufacturing process while maximizing the quality of their products. This is applied by the metal forming industry. In this context, an innovative forming process, the thixoforging, is developed, making it possible to manufacture complex parts with elevated mechanical properties. Moreover the thixoforging permit to minimize the number of phases of the manufacturing process. This process uses the semi-solid state properties of metal alloys, this state being obtained by partial fusion of the solid. For steel thixoforging, the difficulties related to the work temperature and the lack of knowledge of the mechanical and thermomechanical behavior of the material. These make the industrial process development difficult. This thesis contributes to improve comprehension of the steel behaviour during thixoforging. The objective is also to develop the exploitation of the original multi-scale model “micro-macro”, and its implementation in the 2D and 3D Forge2007®. Software. To achieve this goal, experimental testing with a specific and innovative device was carried out. The main thixoforging parameters were identified and studied. These parameters are the forming speed, the initial steel temperature and the initial tool temperature. For each test, the evolution of the forming load, the nature of the plastic flow and the quality of the thixoforged parts characterised by the macrographic and micrographic observations of their metallurgical structure and mechanical tests, were studied. Tests with instrumented tools also allowed a characterization of heat exchange between the tool and the part during forming. This big number of tests made it possible to describe the influence and to show the importance of the forming speed, the initial temperature of the steel and the initial temperature of the tool during thixoforging of a part. These tests were also used as a basis for calibration of the “micro-macro” model multi-scale and the heat exchange coefficients between the tool and the part. The tests and simulations were compared in order to determine and improve the predictive model capacity implemented in Forge2007® software
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Barré, Charlotte. "Etude de la relation microstructure-propriétés de revêtements ultra-réfractaires mis en forme par projection plasma : application à la protection de composites." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066385.
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Afin de pallier les faiblesses des composites face à l’oxydation à très haute température (> 2000 °C) dans le domaine aérospatial, une solution est de les protéger par un revêtement. La solution proposée au cours de cette étude consiste à mettre en forme ce revêtement par projection plasma. Après une étude bibliographique, une composition adaptée à la protection anti-oxydation a été retenue. Celle-ci est constituée d’un matériau ultra-réfractaire le ZrB2, auquel du SiC est ajouté. Un additif a également été sélectionné, l’oxyde de terre-rare Y2O3. Ces revêtements ont été développés via le procédé de projection plasma sur des substrats en composites. Une attention particulière a été portée sur la réalisation de dépôts aux microstructures variées, afin de pouvoir évaluer l’influence de celle-ci sur les propriétés à très haute température. En effet, les revêtements ainsi réalisés ont pu être testés dans des conditions très sévères, à des températures supérieures à 2200 °C sous un flux gazeux comportant des espèces dissociées (O, OH…). Les résultats ont permis de discriminer les microstructures et les compositions les plus prometteuses au vu des applications viséesIn order to overcome composite weakness against oxidation at very high temperature (> 2000 °C), a solution would be to coat them, which can be done potentially by plasma spraying. After a bibliographic study, a specific composition has been chosen: ZrB2-SiC. A potential additive, Y2O3, also has been selected. These coatings were developed by plasma spraying directly on composite substrates. A particular attention was given to the microstructure of the coatings, different kinds were prepared in order to look for its influence on the high temperature properties. Indeed, these coatings were tested under temperature higher than 2200 °C and a very oxidative and corrosive atmosphere. Results allowed distinguishing the most promising compositions and microstructure considering applications in the aerospace field
10
Barré, Charlotte. "Etude de la relation microstructure-propriétés de revêtements ultra-réfractaires mis en forme par projection plasma : application à la protection de composites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066385.
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Afin de pallier les faiblesses des composites face à l’oxydation à très haute température (> 2000 °C) dans le domaine aérospatial, une solution est de les protéger par un revêtement. La solution proposée au cours de cette étude consiste à mettre en forme ce revêtement par projection plasma. Après une étude bibliographique, une composition adaptée à la protection anti-oxydation a été retenue. Celle-ci est constituée d’un matériau ultra-réfractaire le ZrB2, auquel du SiC est ajouté. Un additif a également été sélectionné, l’oxyde de terre-rare Y2O3. Ces revêtements ont été développés via le procédé de projection plasma sur des substrats en composites. Une attention particulière a été portée sur la réalisation de dépôts aux microstructures variées, afin de pouvoir évaluer l’influence de celle-ci sur les propriétés à très haute température. En effet, les revêtements ainsi réalisés ont pu être testés dans des conditions très sévères, à des températures supérieures à 2200 °C sous un flux gazeux comportant des espèces dissociées (O, OH…). Les résultats ont permis de discriminer les microstructures et les compositions les plus prometteuses au vu des applications viséesIn order to overcome composite weakness against oxidation at very high temperature (> 2000 °C), a solution would be to coat them, which can be done potentially by plasma spraying. After a bibliographic study, a specific composition has been chosen: ZrB2-SiC. A potential additive, Y2O3, also has been selected. These coatings were developed by plasma spraying directly on composite substrates. A particular attention was given to the microstructure of the coatings, different kinds were prepared in order to look for its influence on the high temperature properties. Indeed, these coatings were tested under temperature higher than 2200 °C and a very oxidative and corrosive atmosphere. Results allowed distinguishing the most promising compositions and microstructure considering applications in the aerospace field
11
Ciardi, Diego. "Reactive processing of functional ethylene copolymers with vitrimer properties." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS037.
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Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit de thèse ont permis d’étendre le concept des vitrimères à base de polyoléfines, en introduisant des liaisons covalentes échangeables dans un copolymère d'éthylène. Cette étude a été conduite afin d'évaluer la possibilité d'obtenir un matériau présentant une meilleure résistance aux solvants et à la chaleur, grâce à la formation d'un réseau, tout en étant capable d'être traité par les techniques industrielles les plus courantes pour les thermoplastiques. En effet, l'objectif fixé pour les liaisons échangeables est de permettre au réseau covalent de conserver la capacité d'écoulement à haute température une fois les liaisons inter-chaînes formées. La matrice polymère principalement utilisée dans ce travail est un copolymère statistique d'éthylène semi-cristallin dont le comonomère réactif est le méthacrylate de glycidyle (p(E-co-GMA)). La répartition des monomères réactifs le long des chaînes de polymère est étudiée de manière approfondie au moyen d'une analyse statistique basée sur le produit de deux distributions, la distribution binomiale et la distribution de la longueur de chaîne obtenue à partir de la GPC, ce qui permet également d'obtenir une estimation du nombre de chaînes non fonctionnalisées. Ces fonctions pendantes réagissent avec des groupes carboxyles pour obtenir des esters -hydroxyéthyliques, qui peuvent donner lieu à une réaction de transestérification. Ce sont les espèces initialement désignées pour obtenir des liaisons covalentes inter-chaînes qui peuvent s'interchanger à haute température. Une extrusion initiale du précurseur polymérique avec un réticulant et un catalyseur permet de mélanger les composants ensemble pour obtenir un mélange thermolatent, c'est-à-dire dans lequel aucune réaction de réticulation ne s'est encore produite. Les matériaux sont ensuite réticulés à plus haute température, grâce à la réaction d'addition époxy-acide. Afin d'évaluer l'effet de la réticulation sur la matrice, différentes quantités de réticulant et de catalyseur sont utilisées pour obtenir des matériaux aux propriétés structurales et thermomécaniques différentes. En outre, l'utilisation de la technique de diffusion des rayons X dérivée du rayonnement synchrotron a permis d'étudier la nanostructure, la séparation des phases et la compatibilité des différents composants du réseau, ce qui a conduit à une éventuelle modification de la composition afin d'améliorer ses propriétés d'écoulement à haute température. Ces dernières ont été évaluées au moyen d'une étude rhéologique approfondie, mettant en évidence la manière dont la densité de réticulation, le catalyseur utilisé et le type de réaction d'échange employé peuvent les affecter. En particulier, il a été observé que l'utilisation d'une deuxième chimie d'échange telle que les liaisons disulfures peuvent réduire de manière significative le temps de relaxation du réseau suite à l'application d'une contrainte externe. Enfin, un nouveau polymère a été préparé à partir du PE par l'incorporation de CO2 afin de réduire les réactions secondaires caractéristiques de ce cycle époxy. On obtient ainsi un polymère avec des comonomères carbonates cycliques à 5 termes. Comme point final de cette thèse, la réactivité du nouveau polymère fonctionnel a été étudiée en utilisant des amines primaires aliphatiques et aromatiques. De plus, des études sont toujours en cours pour évaluer la réversibilité de l'addition de CO2 et la reformation du cycle époxyThe work presented in this thesis manuscript has extended the concept of polyolefin-based vitrimers by introducing exchangeable covalent bonds into an ethylene copolymer. This study was carried out to assess the possibility of obtaining a material with improved resistance to solvents and heat, thanks to the formation of a network, while still being capable of being processed by the most common industrial techniques for thermoplastics. Indeed, the objective set for the exchangeable bonds is to enable the covalent network to retain its ability to flow at high temperatures once the inter-chain bonds have been formed. The polymer matrix mainly used in this work is a semi-crystalline ethylene random copolymer whose reactive comonomer is glycidyl methacrylate (p(E-co-GMA)). The distribution of reactive monomers along the polymer chains is studied in detail by means of a statistical analysis based on the product of two distributions, the binomial distribution and the chain length distribution obtained from GPC, which also makes it possible to obtain an estimate of the number of non-functionalised chains. These pendant functions react with carboxyl groups to give beta-hydroxylester species, which can undergo a transesterification reaction. These are the species initially designated to obtain inter-chain covalent bonds that can interchange at high temperature. An initial extrusion of the polymer precursor with a crosslinker and a catalyst allows the components to be mixed together to obtain a thermolatent mixture, i.e. one in which no crosslinking reaction has yet occurred. The materials are then cross-linked at a higher temperature, using the epoxy-acid addition reaction. In order to evaluate the effect of cross-linking on the matrix, different quantities of cross-linker and catalyst are used to obtain materials with different structural and thermomechanical properties. In addition, the use of synchrotron-derived X-ray scattering was used to study the nanostructure, phase separation and compatibility of the different components of the network, leading to possible modification of the composition to improve its flow properties at high temperatures. These were assessed by means of an in-depth rheological study, highlighting how the cross-linking density, the catalyst used and the type of exchange reaction employed can affect them. In particular, it was observed that the use of a second exchange chemistry such as disulphide bonds can significantly reduce the relaxation time of the network following the application of external stress. Finally, a new polymer was prepared from PE by incorporating CO2 in order to reduce the secondary reactions characteristic of this epoxy ring. The result is a polymer with 5-membered cyclic carbonate comonomers. As a final step in this thesis, the reactivity of the new functional polymer was studied using aliphatic and aromatic primary amines. In addition, studies are still underway to assess the reversibility of CO2 addition and epoxy ring reformation
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TEMIMI, MOURAD. "Utilisation des cendres volantes dans l'élaboration des matériaux argileux stabilités a froid a l'aide de différents liants et mis en forme par extrusion." Rennes, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAR0013.
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Cette étude fait partie des travaux de recherches entrepris au laboratoire G. T. MA. Sur la stabilisation a froid des matériaux argileux mis en forme par extrusion et la rhéologie des pâtes argileuses. Elle traite des incidences que peuvent avoir l'incorporation de cendres volantes silico-alumineuses, la nature du liant et son dosage dans de tels matériaux. Ces cendres représentent des déchets industriels disponibles dans de nombreux pays et constituent par la même un matériau a faible coût. La valorisation de ces résidus dans ce domaine a pour objectif d'exploiter leurs propriétés physico-chimiques, notamment l'effet de filler et le pouvoir pouzzolanique. Il serait alors possible non seulement d'améliorer la qualité de la stabilisation des produits finis mais aussi de résoudre des problèmes sérieux de pollution et d'évacuation de ces déchets. Afin de caractériser les principaux constituants des mélanges, que sont l'argile et les cendres volantes, et d'interpréter au mieux certains phénomènes entrant en jeu lors des interactions argile-cendres-liant, une bibliographie comprenant la définition de ces éléments, leurs propriétés et leurs utilisations est réunie au premier chapitre. Dans un deuxième temps, le procédé de mise en forme par extrusion est présente. Ce procède est limite par la nature et les caractéristiques rhéologiques du matériau car ce dernier doit contenir une certaine proportion d'argile qui lui confère une plasticité et une cohésion nécessaires a la bonne tenue du produit au sortir de l'extrudeuse. Des essais préliminaires d'extrudabilité sont alors réalises pour definir les limites d'extrusion des mélanges argile-cendres-liant. En outre, une étude sur la réactivité des cendres volantes utilisées permet d'appuyer le choix porte sur celles-ci. Grâce aux différents tests qui permettent d'apprécier l'efficacité de la stabilisation a froid, la quatrième partie de ce travail met en évidence l'influence de paramètres tels que l'addition des cendres volantes et le type de liant sur les caractéristiques des produits finis. Enfin, des réductions des quantités de liant nécessaires a la stabilisation a froid de l'argile sont réalisées, eu égard aux améliorations apportées par les cendres volantes silico-alumineuses dans ce procédé.
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Brough, Stephen. "Current and former volume and dynamics of mid-latitude glacier-like forms on Mars." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/6a8bdea0-7933-499e-b3ca-7f7845c6566b.
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The mid-latitudes of Mars host numerous ice-related landforms that bear many similarities to terrestrial ice masses. One particular landform has a strong resemblance to valley or debris-covered glaciers found on Earth and have subsequently become known as ‘glacier-like forms’ (GLFs). GLFs have detailed surface morphologies consistent with recent deposition and viscous deformation of ice, but there is still uncertainty regarding their formation, current and former volume, and dynamic evolution. Specifically, this thesis presents new observations and results that assess the current and former volume and dynamics of Mars’ mid-latitude GLFs. The findings presented in this thesis suggest that at the broadest level Mars’ midlatitudes appear to preserve a complex and spatially heterogeneous record of glaciation and that GLFs appear to be the manifestation of a more localised period of alpine glaciation. GLFs represent an active component of the near-surface water budget of Mars, locking away an estimated global equivalent water layer of between 3 ± 1 and 10 ± 3 mm. Evidence of recession and mass loss was identified in approximately one-third (n = 436) of the GLF population, suggesting that these landforms once contributed a larger volume of water to the near-surface water budget of Mars. Assessment of environmental and topographical controls over current ice volume and ice-mass loss revealed that their distribution and size is unlikely to be purely controlled by insolation forcing. Instead it is suggested that regional to local meteorological and topographical conditions also play an important role in GLF ice accumulation and/or preservation, with variation in physical environments providing microclimates favourable for accumulation and/or preservation of ice. The emerging picture shows that Mars’ GLFs appear to have been dynamically active, and that they have played an important role in altering the surface landscape of Mars through erosion, transport and deposition of material.
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Saleem, Khalid. "Intégration de Schémas Large Echelle." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352352.
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La mise en correspondance sémantique appliquée à des schémas hétérogènes dans les systèmes de partage de données est une tache fastidieuse et source d'erreurs. La thèse présente une nouvelle méthode automatique et robuste qui intègre un grand nombre de schémas sous forme arborescente et de domaine spécifique. Elle permet de découvrir des correspondances sémantiques entre eux. La méthode crée également les mappings entre des schémas sources et le schéma intégré. Puis, le manuscrit présente une technique pour découvrir d'une manière automatique des correspondances complexes entre deux schémas. Les outils de mise en correspondance existants utilisent des techniques semi-automatiques uniquement entre deux schémas. Dans un scénario à grande échelle, où le partage des données implique un grand nombre de sources de données, ces techniques ne sont pas adaptées. De plus, la mise en correspondance semi-automatique nécessite l'intervention de l'utilisateur pour finaliser les mappings. Bien qu'elle offre la possibilité de découvrir les mappings les plus appropriés, les performances s'en trouvent fortement dégradées. Dans un premier temps, le manuscrit présente en détails l'état de l'art sur la mise en correspondance. Nous expliquons les inconvénients des outils actuellement disponibles pour répondre aux contraintes d'un scénario à grande échelle. Notre approche, PORSCHE (Performance ORiented SCHEma mediation) évite ces inconvénients et ses avantages sont mis en évidence de manière empirique.
Le principe de l'algorithme de PORSCHE consiste à regrouper d'abord les nœuds de l'arbre selon la similarité linguistique de leurs labels. Ensuite, des techniques de fouilles d'arbres utilisant les rangs des nœuds calculés au moyen du parcours en profondeur de l'arbre sont appliquées. Cela réduit l'espace de recherche d'un nœud cible et améliore par conséquent les performances, ce qui en fait une technique adaptée au contexte large échelle. PORSCHE implémente une approche hybride, qui crée également en parallèle et de manière incrémentale un schéma intégré qui englobe tous les schémas, tout en définissant les correspondances entre ces derniers et le schéma intégré. L'approche découvre des correspondances 1:1 dans un but d'intégration et de médiation. Finalement, des expérimentations sur des jeux de données réels et synthétiques montrent que PORSCHE passe à l'échelle avec de scénarios de grande échelle. La qualité des correspondances découvertes et l'intégrité du schéma intégré sont également vérifiées par une évaluation empirique.
Par ailleurs, nous présentons une technique CMPV ({\bf C}omplex {\bf M}atch {\bf P}roposition et {\bf V}alidation), pour la découverte de correspondances complexes (1:n, n:1 et n:m), entre deux schémas, validée par l'utilisation de mini-taxonomies. Cette partie est une version étendue de l'aspect de mise en correspondance de PORSCHE. Les mini-taxonomies sont extraites d'un vaste ensemble de métadonnées de domaine spécifique représenté comme des structures arborescentes. Nous proposons un cadre, appelé ExSTax ({\bf Ex}tracting {\bf S}tructurally Coherent Mini-{\bf Tax}onomies) basé sur la fouille d'arbres pour appuyer notre idée. C'est l'extension de la méthode fouille d'arbres de PORSCHE. Enfin, on utilise la technique ExSTax pour extraire une taxonomie fiable spécifique à un domaine.
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Hawkins, Roderick William MacDonald. "(Mis)understanding complexity form transit to toop : New complexity in the British context." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535674.
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Yabe, Marcio. "Mais rápido, mais alto, mais forte a superexploração e a saúde dos “atletas olímpicos” dos canaviais alagoanos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/3530.
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Faster, Higher, Stronger, translation of the Latin ―Citius, Altius, Fortius‖, motto of the modern Olympic Games, is used in this dissertation to make an analogy to the superexploitation of the sugar cane cutters of Alagoas (Brazil), as they increasingly need to perform faster, accumulate higher quantities of sugar cane and strike more strongly with their machetes, to guarantee the surplus value for the sugar factory owners of Alagoas.Our intention is to demonstrate how this professional category underwent an excessive exploitation, that could only result in damage to health and indelible marks in its corporeity, since the category was exposed throughout life to long working days, to the intensification of their work, and to the expropriation of the work necessary for their personal and familiar reproduction.This damage is proven through research carried out with workers between the ages of 41 and 67 years, who experienced working conditions before and after the deregulation of the sugar cane market in Brazil.Our theoretical basis rests on the Marxist theory of the exploitation of work, from which social scientists Ruy Mauro Marini and Raul Rojas Soriano derived the premises of super-exploitationandof Marxist medical sociology respectively.Mais Rápido, Mais Alto, Mais Forte, tradução do latim ―Citius, Altius, Fortius‖, lema dos Jogos Olímpicos da modernidade, é usado nesta dissertação para fazer uma analogia com a forma como acontece a superexploração dos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar dos canaviais alagoanos, que precisam de uma atuação cada vez mais rápida, acumular montes de cana cada vez mais altos e desferir golpes de facão cada vez mais fortes, para garantir a mais-valia dos usineiros de Alagoas. Nossa intenção é demonstrar o quanto que esta categoria profissional, que foi exposta ao longo da vida a extensas jornadas laborais, à intensificação do seu trabalho e à expropriação de parte do trabalho necessário para a sua reprodução pessoal e familiar, sofreu uma exploração desmedida, que só podia resultar em danos à sua saúde e marcas indeléveis na sua corporeidade. Danos estes que demonstramos através de pesquisa realizada com trabalhadores entre 41 e 67 anos de idade, que vivenciaram tanto o período anterior quanto o posterior à desregulamentação do mercado canavieiro brasileiro, em função da idade. Nossa fundamentação teórica se apoiou na teoria marxista da exploração do trabalho, sob o olhar de dois cientistas sociais que souberam extrair desta teoria as premissas da superexploração, Ruy Mauro Marini, e da sociologia médica marxista, Raul Rojas Soriano.
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Richard, France Portalier Serge. "De mes yeux à tes mains." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/richard_f.
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Kawamori, Naoki, Steven J. Rossi, Blake D. Justice, Erin E. Haff, Emido E. Pistilli, Harold S. O'Bryant, Michael H. Stone, and G. Gregory Haff. "Peak Force and Rate of Force Development During Isometric Mid-Thigh Clean Pulls and Dynamic Mid-Thigh Clean Pulls Performed at Various Intensities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4613.
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Eight male collegiate weightlifters (age: 21.2 ± 0.9 years; height: 177.6 ± 2.3 cm; and body mass: 85.1 ± 3.3 kg) participated in this study to compare isometric to dynamic force-time dependent variables. Subjects performed the isometric and dynamic mid-thigh clean pulls at 30–120% of their one repetition maximum (1RM) power clean (118.4 ± 5.5 kg) on a 61 X 121.9–cm AMTI forceplate. Variables such as peak force (PF) and peak rate of force development (PRFD) were calculated and were compared between isometric and dynamic conditions. The relationships between force-time dependent variables and vertical jump performances also were examined. The data indicate that the isometric PF had no significant correlations with the dynamic PF against light loads. On the one hand, there was a general trend toward stronger relationships between the isometric and dynamic PF as the external load increased for dynamic muscle actions. On the other hand, the isometric and dynamic PRFD had no significant correlations regardless of the external load used for dynamic testing. In addition, the isometric PF and dynamic PRFD were shown to be strongly correlated with vertical jump performances, whereas the isometric PRFD and dynamic PF had no significant correlations with vertical jump performances. In conclusion, it appears that the isometric and dynamic measures of force-time curve characteristics represent relatively specific qualities, especially when dynamic testing involves small external loads. Additionally, the results suggest that athletes who possess greater isometric maximum strength and dynamic explosive strength tend to be able to jump higher.
Eight male collegiate weightlifters (age: 21.2 ± 0.9 years; height: 177.6 ± 2.3 cm; and body mass: 85.1 ± 3.3 kg) participated in this study to compare isometric to dynamic force-time dependent variables. Subjects performed the isometric and dynamic mid-thigh clean pulls at 30–120% of their one repetition maximum (1RM) power clean (118.4 ± 5.5 kg) on a 61 X 121.9–cm AMTI forceplate. Variables such as peak force (PF) and peak rate of force development (PRFD) were calculated and were compared between isometric and dynamic conditions. The relationships between force-time dependent variables and vertical jump performances also were examined. The data indicate that the isometric PF had no significant correlations with the dynamic PF against light loads. On the one hand, there was a general trend toward stronger relationships between the isometric and dynamic PF as the external load increased for dynamic muscle actions. On the other hand, the isometric and dynamic PRFD had no significant correlations regardless of the external load used for dynamic testing. In addition, the isometric PF and dynamic PRFD were shown to be strongly correlated with vertical jump performances, whereas the isometric PRFD and dynamic PF had no significant correlations with vertical jump performances. In conclusion, it appears that the isometric and dynamic measures of force-time curve characteristics represent relatively specific qualities, especially when dynamic testing involves small external loads. Additionally, the results suggest that athletes who possess greater isometric maximum strength and dynamic explosive strength tend to be able to jump higher.
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Gonzalez, Arnaldo Ruben. "Efeito da forma da onda sobre as características de fusão na soldagem MIG/MAG com corrente pulsada." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170223.
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Neste trabalho foram analisados alguns efeitos da forma e freqüência da onda de tensão de controle sobre as características de saída da fonte de soldagem MIG/MAG pulsada, ou seja, corrente de soldagem, tensão do processo e potência do sistema. Até o presente muito pouco foi realizado no sentido de se estudar, caracterizar e quantificar os possíveis efeitos da forma de onda de saída da fonte de soldagem sobre as características de fusão. Portanto, realizou-se um enfoque teórico/prático das variáveis elétricas do processo analisando-se diversas formas de onda de saída da fonte sobre as características de fusão. Utilizando uma fonte do tipo MIG/MAG pulsada com diversas formas de ondas periódicas, foram feitas soldas de simples deposição sobre a superfície e tipo filete em chapas de aço baixo carbono, posição plana eletrodo positivo. Como metal de adição foi usado o arame AWS ER70S-6, e como gás de proteção uma mistura com 96 % de Ar e 4 % de CO2. Foram propostas fórmulas teóricas e verificadas experimentalmente, a partir de conceitos de eletricidade, para a determinação da potência média do sistema, energia média de soldagem, taxa média de fusão do arame e outras, e discutidas amplamente em função dos resultados experimentais, para o processo MIG/MAG pulsado e qualquer forma de onda inclusive aquelas analisadas neste trabalho. Também foram deduzidas fórmulas para determinar as eficiências de fusão do consumível, metal base e processo em função da energia média de soldagem. Neste trabalho, foi definida a eficiência de fusão do arame como a relação entre a energia utilizada para fundir e destacar um volume de arame por período da onda e a fornecida por período da onda pela fonte de soldagem. A eficiência de fusão do arame foi amplamente discutida com relação às diferentes formas de onda de saída da fonte de soldagem, em um largo espectro de parâmetros da onda. Foi proposta uma nova relação entre a taxa média de fusão do arame e a potência média do sistema, levando-se em consideração os termos relativos ao aquecimento causado pela potência do arco elétrico e efeito Joule. A eficiência de fusão do consumível, utilizada nesse trabalho, depende do produto das eficiências de deposição e de fusão do arame e, portanto, é uma função da energia média de soldagem, propriedades fís icas do arame e seção transversal do metal de adição. As eficiências de fusão do consumível, metal base e processo foram discutidas levandose em consideração as diferentes formas de onda de saída da fonte de soldagem utilizadas neste trabalho. Foi estabelecida uma relação entre as eficiências fusão acima citadas e as variáveis principais de controle do processo MIG/MAG pulsado.Some effects of reference control voltage waveform and frequency (input signal) on pulsed GMA W power output characteristics, i.e., welding current, process voltage, and power system have been analyzed in this work. Until now, not much has been realized on studying, characterizing and quantifying the waveform power output feasible effects on fusion characteristics. Therefore, a theoreticaVpractical aim of the process electrical variables has been reaüzed, analyzing several power output waveforrns on fusion characteristics. Using a GMA W power source with several periodic waveforms, flat position bead-onplate and fillet welds were deposited on low carbon steel with wire positive polarity current. Both AWS ER70S-6 filler wire and 96% Ar + 4% CO2 shielding gas were used on these welds. Theoretical formulas have been proposed and the their validity were experimentally tested from electricity concepts to determine average power system, heat input, wire melting rate, etc., and largely discussed using experimental results, for pulsed GMA W power, and any output wavefoms including those analyzed herein. Also, formulas have been deduced to determine the consumable, base metal, and process melting efficiencies as function of average heat input. Wire melting efficiency has been defmed herein as the ratio between the necessary energy to melt and detach a wire volume within a wave period and the released energy from the power source within the same wave period. Wire melting efficiency has been largely discussed related to the different power output waveforms, in a wide wave parameters spectrum. It has been purposed a new relationship between average wire melting rate and average power system, taking are power heating and Joule effects terms into account. Consumable melting efficiency, defmed herein, depends on the product of deposition and wire melting efficiencies, and therefore, is a function of average heat input, wire physical propenies, and weld reinforcement transversal cross-section area. Consumable, base metal, and process melting efficiencies have been extensively discussed, taking into account the different power output waveforms used herein. Also, it was established a relationship between the above quoted melting efficiencies and the controUed pulsed GMA W process principal variables.
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Leclerc, Pierre. "Développement d’un endomicroscope multiphotonique à deux couleurs pour l’imagerie du métabolisme énergétique cellulaire." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0053/document.
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La microscopie multiphotonique est une modalité d’imagerie de pointe offrant des opportunités d’avancées remarquables en biologie mais aussi dans le domaine médical. Afin d’en exploiter pleinement le formidable potentiel au cœur même de la pratique clinique, le développement de nombreuses sondes miniaturisées à fibre optique pour l’endomicroscopie multiphotonique (EMMP) a eu lieu depuis de nombreuses années et dans de nombreux laboratoires français et étrangers. Il s’est pour l'instant confronté à des limitations majeures comme l’impossibilité de recueillir les signaux d’auto-fluorescence des tissus qui sont intrinsèquement faibles comme ceux venant des co-enzymes métaboliques NADH et FAD. Cette limitation compromet l'utilité de l’EMMP en la restreignant à une imagerie morphologique requérant un marquage exogène des tissus. Ce manuscrit présente une architecture d’EMMP permettant de dépasser cette limitation, capable de proposer une imagerie fonctionnelle du métabolisme cellulaire en temps réel, in vivo, in situ, sans marquage. Le prototype d’EMMP proposé est une amélioration du précédent, où les Grisms en réflexions sont remplacés par des Grisms en transmission, permettant d’élargir la bande spectrale d’utilisation et la transmission du système. Ce prototype voit aussi l’adjonction d’un second laser excitateur afin d’accéder aux fluorescences du NADH et du FAD. Les résultats démontrent capable que nous sommes à même d’imager les fluorescences cellulaires intrinsèques au travers de 5 mètres de fibre optique avec une résolution subcellulaire. Parmi celles-ci nous sommes capables d’exciter et de collecter spécifiquement les fluorescences du NADH et du FAD. Enfin nous détectons assez de photons pour disposer d‘informations quantitatives et donc de proposer une image du rapport d’oxydo-réduction optique en endomicroscopieNonlinear microscopy is a cutting edge imaging modality leading to remarkable step forward in biology but also in the clinical field. To use it at its full potential and at the very heart of clinical practice, there has been several development of fiber-based micro-endoscope. The application for those probes is now limited by few major restrictions, such as the impossibility to collect auto-fluorescence signal from tissues theses being inherently weak such as the fluorescence from NADH or FAD. This limitation reduces the usefulness of the micro-endoscope effectively restraining it to morphological imaging modality requiring staining of the tissue. Our aim is to go beyond this limitation, showing cellular metabolism monitoring, in real time, without any staining. The experimental setup is an upgrade of our precedent one where the reflection- based Grism stretcher is replace with a new generation transmission-based Grism stretcher. Another Laser was also added in order to tune the first laser at 860nm to allow FAD imaging and the second one to 760nm for NADH. The results prove that we assess and image the level of NADH and FAD at subcellular resolution through a five-meter-long fiber. Thus we demonstrate that we are capable of measuring the optical redox ratio in a micro-endoscopic configuration
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Souness, Colin James. "Distribution and character of mid-latitude glacier-like forms on Mars." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/23ccca08-b9c2-44c4-9303-498b4467b9a2.
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Mars‟ mid-latitudes host a range of apparently flow-related landforms that strongly resemble terrestrial glaciers. Such „glacier-like forms‟ (GLFs) are strikingly similar to alpine valley glaciers found on Earth. These martian GLFs are believed to be composed of massive water ice but little is known about how they formed, how they evolve, and how they interact with the martian surface. This thesis presents various studies of Mars‟ mid-latitude GLFs that were designed to address some of these issues. New observations and new results were obtained using survey and mapping techniques. The findings presented in this thesis suggest that GLFs, observed ubiquitously in Mars‟ mid-latitudes, are all composed of a similar material and were formed in a similar way, most likely under Earth-like „mass-balance‟ conditions whereby ice accumulated at altitude and subsequently flowed, under its own weight, downhill and into an ablation zone where GLFs experienced net mass loss. It is likely these conditions existed on Mars during a past martian ice age. From their geographical distribution (relative to latitude, elevation and relief) it would appear that those GLFs that remain on Mars today are relict deposits that have survived where local conditions impair ablation, and that these residual GLFs appear currently to flow under the influence of local relief and gravity. From the examination of crevasse patterns it appears that this flow occurs under an englacial strain regime similar to that which commonly defines spatial flow patterns in terrestrial glaciers. This thesis also observes and identifies various small-scale features and textures that suggest that the evolution and subsequent flow of GLFs has been (or may currently be) sensitive to many environmental factors common on Earth, such as the agency of liquid water. This suggests that GLFs (and possibly other associated ice masses) may have been significant movers and shapers of Mars‟ surface sediments and structures, contributing widely to the evolution of Mars‟ present-day surface.
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Pereira, Regina Margaret. "A questão do Sagrado ou uma forma de pensar o romance \"A varanda do Frangipani\", de Mia Couto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8156/tde-10052013-122226/.
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O presente trabalho tece uma análise do romance A varanda do frangipani, do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto, a fim de iluminar as reinvenções operadas pelo autor de aspectos do Sagrado ligado às crenças tradicionais de Moçambique. Apropriando-se e subvertendo o padrão do romance policial clássico símbolo da exaltação da racionalidade europeia , o autor reinventa no âmbito literário animais sagrados, rituais de iniciação e de adivinhação, espíritos de falecidos que convivem com viventes, assim como árvores divinizadas e mostra ao leitor uma visão de mundo e uma forma de existência diversas da eurocêntrica. Com isso, há a iluminação de questões culturais e sociais do país de onde fala Mia Couto, onde a tentativa de esmagamento cultural foi operada por anos de dominação e guerras. Para a realização desta pesquisa, embasamo-nos em autores como Mircea Eliade, Carlos Serrano, José Luís Cabaço, Omar Ribeiro Thomaz, entre outros, com o objetivo de obtermos a consistência teórica necessária a cerca do conceito de Sagrado e de questões sócio-culturais relacionadas a Moçambique e a outros países africanos; apoiamo-nos ainda em autores como Tzvetan Todorov e Ernest Mandel para percebermos o padrão estrutural e um pouco da ideologia ligada ao romance policial clássico e, assim, verificarmos a reinvenção dessa forma em solo moçambicano.This paper presents an analysis of the novel A varanda do frangipani, from the Mozambican writer Mia Couto, in order to illuminate the reinventions done by he author of the sacred aspects linked to the traditional beliefs of Mozambique. Appropriating and subverting the Standard classic detective novel the symbol of European rationality exaltation the author reinvents within literary sacred animals, rituals of initiation and divination, spirits living among us, as well as divine trees, and shows the reader a different world view and a form of existence from the Eurocentric one. Therefore, there is enlightenment of cultural and social issues from the country where Mia Couto speeks, where the attempt to cultural imposition was operated by years of wars and domination. We based this research, on authors such as Mircea Eliade, Carlos Serrano, Jose Luis gourd, Omar Ribeiro Thomaz, and others, to obtaining the necessary theoretical consistency about the concept of sacred and socio-cultural issues related to Mozambique and other African countries, we rely on authors as Tzvetan Todorov and Ernest Mandel also, to establish the structural pattern and a little bit of the ideology linked to classic detective novel and thus verify the reinvention so on Mozambican soil.
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Ferraro, Anthony, Hilary D. Pippert, and James M. Duncan. "Development and Validation of a Short Form for the MCS-DR." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2019/schedule/24.
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Using two independent samples of parents with a shared minor child but not currently in a relationship, this study explores the development and validation of a new 12-item short form for the Multidimensional Co-Parenting Scale for Dissolved Relationships (MCS-DR12). Confirmatory factor analysis will be used to assess the four-factor structure of the MCS-DR12 and then internal reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity will be assessed. The development of this short form provides a 12-item assessment of four impactful areas of co-parenting which is invaluable, especially for those working with court-mandated parenting programs who are in need of brief instruments to assess program efficacy.
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Amaral, Juliana Ventura. "Custos mais margem: a forma ou a essência do estabelecimento dos preços?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-14062017-114043/.
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A teoria econômica explica que os preços necessariamente refletem a igualdade entre o custo marginal e a receita marginal. Já a teoria de marketing recomenda que os preços sejam definidos em consonância ao valor. O problema é que os estudos empíricos têm mostrado que a realidade não corresponde a nenhuma dessas duas teorias, pois, na realidade, a maior parte das empresas define os preços com base nos custos. Entretanto, esses estudos não têm evidenciado se a combinação dos custos à margem, recorrentemente encontrada, configura a forma ou a essência da determinação dos preços. Mais especificamente, pode-se afirmar que os estudos empíricos normalmente não têm aprofundado a investigação para avaliar se a fórmula \"custos mais margem\" refere-se apenas à forma mecânica de operacionalizar o estabelecimento dos preços ou refere-se tanto à forma quanto à essência do processo. Quando a fórmula designa a essência do processo, tem-se uma definição de preços marcada pela essência custos, na qual a margem é arbitrária e deixa de conectar os custos a outros tipos de informações. Nesse sentido, a fim de transcender as limitações dos prévios trabalhos empíricos, esta pesquisa teve a meta de investigar a forma e a essência do estabelecimento dos preços em empresas industriais localizadas no Brasil e, mais do que isso, averiguar os fatores que explicam o processo marcado pela essência custos. A coleta de dados aconteceu mediante um levantamento conduzido entre fevereiro de 2016 e junho de 2016. Esse levantamento implicou o envio de um questionário para a população da pesquisa, inicialmente formada por 1.616 empresas industriais relacionadas pela Revista Exame \"Melhores e Maiores\" e/ou pela Revista Noticiários de Equipamentos Industriais \"Top Five\" nas edições de 2014 e 2015. 380 respostas foram obtidas e propiciaram uma taxa de resposta de 28%. Foram tomadas medidas para assegurar as validades de conteúdo, de critério e de constructo, com destaque a um pré-teste em três fases e a duas análises do viés da não resposta. O teste de confiabilidade da pesquisa resultou em um alfa de Cronbach de 0,794. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatísticas descritivas, de análises de correspondência e de dois modelos de regressão ordinal. Os achados desta pesquisa ilustraram: (a) a importância de segregar as empresas em tomadoras e formadoras de preços; (b) as dificuldades de obtenção de informações sobre os preços da concorrência nos formadores de preços; e (c) os diferentes tipos de informações usados no processo de definição dos preços. Os resultados ainda sugeriram que dois fatores explicam positivamente a essência custos nos formadores de preços (a diferenciação e a percepção que há prejuízos na colocação de preços inferiores ao resultado indicado pelos \"custos mais margem\") e que um fator explica negativamente a essência custos (estratégia de preço premium). Nos tomadores de preços, três fatores explicam positivamente a essência custos (a percepção que há prejuízos na colocação de preços inferiores ao resultado indicado pelos \"custos mais margem\", o isomorfismo coercitivo e o uso dos custos totais) enquanto que cinco fatores explicam negativamente a essência custos (o grande porte, a propensão de cópia dos concorrentes, a não disposição dos clientes em pagar o valor, o isomorfismo normativo e a experiência). Finalmente, concluiu-se que a combinação \"custos mais margem\" pode ser a forma sem ser a essência do estabelecimento dos preços, uma vez que a margem pode conectar os custos aos demais tipos de informações. Implicações para os pesquisadores, para os profissionais, para os docentes e para os discentes foram discutidas.Economic theory explains how prices are set at a level that equates marginal cost and marginal revenue. On the other hand, marketing theory explains how prices should be set based on value. The problem is that researchers argue that neither of these two theories really explains the pricing practices because empirical studies have concluded that most companies set prices based on cost. However, the empirical studies have not yet examined whether cost-plus formulas represent either the shape or the essence of pricing. In other words, the empirical studies have not yet provided an in-depth analysis of the circumstances in which cost-plus formulas are shape rather than essence of pricing. It is important to mention that a cost-based essence is found when margin is arbitrary and does not connect cost to other types of information. In attempting to address this issue, the present research was designed with the purpose of investigating shape and essence of pricing in industrial companies located in Brazil. More specifically, the goal of this work was to draw attention to the factors that determine the adoption of a cost-based essence. Data for this study were gathered through a survey carried out between February 2016 and June 2016. A questionnaire was sent to 1,616 industrial companies included on the list of \"Melhores e Maiores\" Exame Magazine and/or on the list of \"Noticiários de Equipamentos Industriais - Top 5\" Magazine (2014 and 2015 editions). The total usable responses were 380 representing a 28% response rate. Content, criterion and construct validities were assessed through procedures that included both a three-stage pre-test and two investigations for non-response bias. Reliability test resulted in a Cronbach\'s Alpha of 0.794. Descriptive statistics, correspondence analyses and two ordinal regressions were conducted for purposes of analysis. The findings from this research illustrated: (a) the importance of separating companies into price-takers and price-makers; (b) the price-makers\' difficulties in obtaining data about competitors\' prices; and (c) the different types of information used in the pricing process. The results also suggested that, for price makers, cost-based essence was positively associated with two predictors (differentiation and perception that prices lower than cost-plus calculations can lead to losses), but it was negatively related to one predictor (premium pricing strategy). For price-takers, cost-based essence was positively associated with three predictors (perception that prices lower than cost-plus calculations can lead to losses, coercive isomorphism and use of full costs), but it was negatively related to five predictors (large size, competitors\' ability to copy products, customer\'s non-willingness to pay, normative isomorphism and experience). Finally, it was concluded that cost-plus may be the shape without being the essence of pricing because margin can connect costs to other types of information. Implications for researchers, practitioners, teachers and students were discussed.
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Silva, Junior Agenor Hentz da. "Estudo de superficies metálicas utilizando MEIS : a importância da forma de linha." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10559.
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Espalhamento de íons com energia média (MEIS), em conjunto com as técnicas de sombreamento e bloqueio, representa um poderoso método para a determinação de parâmetros estruturais e vibracionais de superfícies cristalinas. Esta determinação é realizada pela comparação do rendimento de íons detectados em função do Ângulo de espalhamento, as chamadas curvas de bloqueio, com simulaçõe computacionais. Em geral, um número grande de estruturas-tentativa é utilizada e a melhor concordância entre resultados experimentais e teóricos encontrada é considerada a estrutura real. Apesar do imenso sucesso, este tipo de abordagem na determinação da superfície não é únivoco em determinados sistemas. Além disso, as formas do espectro de perda de energia iônica não são, normalmente, analisadas pois requerem um conhecimento profundo dos mecanismos de transferência de energia. A probabilidade de excitação/ionização para cada camada interna em uma colisão única representa um aspecto importante. Neste trabalho, cálculos por Canais Acoplados são usados para o descrever os mecanismos de transferência de energia em conjunto com a simulação Monte Carlo das trajetórias iônicas no interior do cristal. Este método possibilita a simulação da distribuição de perda de energia do pico de superfície para diversos sistemas físicos. Primeiramente, foi realizado estudo com deposição de Y e a formação do siliceto bidimensional Si(111)(1×1)-Y para diversas preparações da superfície e diferentes ângulos de espalhamento. Os resultados mostraram que existem contribuições para o espectro em energia referentes á rugosidade e não homogeneidade da superfície. Entretanto, para incidência e detecção do feixe de íons quase-normais á superfície da amostra, a concordância entre os espectros em energia simulados e experimentais é satisfatória. Posteriormente, foi realizado um estudo com a deposição de fração de monocamada de metais alcalinos (K, Rb e Cs) sobre Al(111). A perda de energia, neste caso, pode ser completamente atribuída a colisões atômicas únicas nos metais alcalinos. Os espectros de energia experimentais referentes a Rb e Cs apresentam notável assimetria em relação ao K, fenômeno este atribuído ás excitaçõesde elétrons 3d e 4d, respectivamente, e a múltiplas ionizações destes estados. Houve excelente concordância entre teoria e experimento referente aos espalhamentos por Rb e Cs. Com relação ao K, ocorreu discrepÂncia na região de baixa energia do espectro, resultante de problemas com a preparação da amostra. Finalmente, tanto o espectro em energia quanto as curvas de bloqueio referentes á medidas na superfície limpa de Cu(111) foram simulados e comparados com resultados experimentais. A determinação da superfície através do método “clássico” mostrou que alguns conjuntos de parâmetros estruturais e vibracionais podem resultar em curvas de bloqueio idênticas. Por outro lado, a simulação dos espectros em energia, não apresentou estes problemas, o que sugere fortemente a necessidade de um modelo com correlação (ƒcorr = 0,4). Este resultado mostra que a simulação do espectro em energia pode ser utilizado em conjunto com a simulação das curvas de bloqueio de forma a servir de ferramenta auxiliar na determinação de parâmetros estruturais e vibracionais de superfícies.Medium-energy ion scattering (MEIS) in connection with shadowing and blocking techniques is a powerful method for the determination of structural and vibrational parameters of crystalline surfaces. This determination has been done by comparing the yield of detected ions as function of scattering angle, the so-called blocking curves, between experimental data with computational simulations. In general, a large set of guess-structures has to be simulated, and the best fit is regarded as the real structure. Besides its enourmous success, this kind of approach for surface determination may give rise to non-unique structures for some physical systems. Moreover, the shape of ion energy-loss spectrum is usually not fully analyzed, because this requires an improved knowledge on the energy-transfer mechanisms. The differential excitation/ ionization probability for each subshell in a single collision is the important quantity. In the present work, Coupled Channels calculations are used to describe energy-transfer mechanisms in connection with Monte Carlo simulations for the ionic trajectories inside the crystal. This method describes reliable energy-loss distribution for the surface peak of several physical systems. Firstly, the study of Y overlayers and Si(111)(1×1) two-dimensional silicide phase formed by Y on this surface, in various scattering geometries and with different surface preparations was performed. The experimental results indicate that additional broadening contributions arise from surface inhomogeneity and roughness, but for near-normal incident and outgoing trajectories the theory and experiment agree satisfactory. Subsequently, the study of alkali-metals (K, Rb and Cs) adsorbed onto Al(111) surface was done. The energy losses can be attributed entirely to single atomic collisions from the alkali atoms, and the experiments reproduce the markedly increased asymmetry in scattering from Rb and Cs relative to K, attributable largely to the role of 3d and 4d excitations, respectively, and particularly the role of multiple excitations of these states. For Rb and Cs scattering, the data show excellent quantitative agreement between theory and experiment. In the case of K scattering, a discrepancy of a low-energy shoulder is attributed to a problem associated with the sample preparation. At last, both energy loss spectrum and blocking curves related to clean Cu(111) measurements were simulated and compared to experimental results. The surface determination through the “classical” method showed that a set of different structural and vibrational parameters can result in nearly identical simulated blocking curves. On the other hand, the energy loss spectrum simulation, which did not present this behaviour, strongly suggests the adoption of a correlated surface model (ƒcorr = 0,4). This result shows that the energy loss spectra simulation can be used in connection with the blocking curve simulation as an important tool in performing structural and vibrational surface determination.
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Edwards, T., and A. Geldenhuys. "Challenges for mid-level commanders in the South African National Defence Force : management model and training needs." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 6, Issue 1: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/395.
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Public ArticleThe Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996) and conclusive Acts record that effective human-resource management, career-development and training practices must be cultivated to maximise human potential. The unique nature and wide range of activities of the South African National Defence Force assign exceptional demands on the management expertise of military commanders. Therefore, the importance of effective training and for the purpose of this article, effective management training for mid-level commanders is indisputable. Against this background, a new management model is presented and the resulting training needs are empirically investigated in this article. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the survey, targeted 165 mid-level commanders in the South African National Defence Force. The empirical results of the study suggested that the existing management training for mid-level commanders fails to meet expectations primarily because of the non-existence of an appropriate management model. Thus, the article present a contemporary management model as foundation for management training of mid-level commanders in the South African National Defence Force. The management model also sanctions applicable standards for the development of management skills and appropriate competencies of military commanders.
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Suarez, Dylan G., Kristina Ushakova, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Guy Hornsby, and Michael H. Stone. "Effects of Weightlifting Training on Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Rate of Force Development." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6296.
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PURPOSE: To examine the influence of three distinct training phases on isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) measures in well-trained weightlifters. METHODS: Pre- and post-block IMTP data from 11 collegiate weightlifters was used for analysis. The mean of the best two attempts from each athlete for measures of PF and RFD from 0-50ms, 0-100ms, 0-150ms, 0-200ms, and 0-250ms were used for comparison. In total, results from five timepoints for each of the 11 athletes were examined in order to compare the effects of the three training phases. RESULTS: A repeated measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05) effects of training on any of the variables measured. When comparing post block values from each phase to pre-training cycle values, the largest increase in RFD200 (d = 0.22) and RFD250 (d=0.22) occurred post strength-power (SP) phase, while the peak in RFD50 (d = 0.32), RFD100 (d = 0.31), and RFD150 (d = 0.22) occurred after the peak/taper (PT) phase. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the study, it is possible that changes in IMTP RFD may reflect the expected adaptations of block periodization. Rather than examining RFD changes at only one time-band, it may be valuable to monitor RFD across multiple time bands as changes in early and late RFD may not occur proportionally during a peak/taper phase.
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Dupuy, Alexandre. "Amplificateurs de puissance en technologie MIC à très haute efficacité et forte linéarité." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4022.
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Les différents travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse portent sur des amplificateurs de puissance avec une haute efficacité et fortement linéaire utilisant pour certain des métamatériaux. Un combinateur de puissance pour des diodes à effet tunnel oscillantes est également réalisé à l’aide de métamatériaux utilisant le phénomène de longueur d’ondes infinie. La première étude présente une nouvelle technique appelée « Enveloppe Delta Siglma Modulation (EDSM) », qui ne retient que les avantages de deux techniques existantes, la technique de Kahn (EER) et la modulation Delta Sigma. L’EDSM permet de réaliser une haute efficacité et une grande linéarité, avec un faible taux d’échantillonnage. Dans le deuxième projet, des amplificateurs de puissance d’efficacité élevée ont été réalisés grâce aux propriétés intéressantes des métamatériaux. L’usage de ces métamatériaux présente l’avantage de réduire la taille des amplificateurs et par conséquent les pertes associées. Un amplificateur en classe F et un en classe F inverse ont été réalisés avec une efficacité de drain de 64% et 58% respectivement. La dernière partie de cette thèse présente différents combinateurs de puissance utilisant le phénomène de longueur d’ondes infinie avec des diodes tunnels comme oscillateurs. Deux principales structures ont été utilisées, une avec une ligne « zéro degré » et la deuxième structure est le résonateur d’ordre zéroThe different works conducted on this thesis were to design power amplifiers with high efficiency and high linearity by using different schemes. A power combining methods for tunnel diode oscillators using the infinite wavelength phenomenon was also realized. The first project had presented a new technique called the “Enveloppe Delta Sigma Modulation (EDSM)”, which only retains the advantages of two well known techniques, the Kahn technique (EER) and the Sigma-Delta modulation. The EDSM can achieve a high efficiency and a high linearity, and a low pulse sampling rate. In the second project, high efficient power amplifiers were realized using the interesting properties of metamaterials. The use of these metamaterial permits a size reduction of the power amplifiers and consequently of the associated losses. A class F and inverse class F power amplifier were presented different power combining methods for tunnel diode oscillators using the infinite wavelength phenomenon. Two different structures based on metamaterial were used to design the oscillator, one uses a zero-degree lines and the other one uses a zeroth order resonator
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Mack, Ruth. "Literary historicity literary form and historical thinking in mid-eighteenth-century England /." Available to US Hopkins community, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3080723.
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Guppy, Stuart Nathan. "The influence of barbell and body position on force-time characteristics in the isometric mid-thigh pull." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2205.
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Publication 1: The Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull: A Review and Methodology – Part 1 Isometric tests are commonly used to monitor physical qualities that underpin athletic performance. As single-joint laboratory-based tests display poor relationships to the multi-joint movements found in sport, multi-joint isometric tests like the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) are commonly used instead. Force-time characteristics in these multijoint tests typically display stronger relationships to dynamic performance, particularly in the case of the isometric mid-thigh pull. As such this review focuses on the relationships between force-time characteristics in the IMTP and dynamic athletic performance.
Publication 2: The Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull: A Review & Methodology – Part 2 The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) is a commonly used test for the assessment of skeletal muscle function in athletes from a wide variety of sports. Although forcegenerating capacity and rate of force development measured in the IMTP are related to dynamic athletic performance measures, the testing and analysis procedures used can have adverse effects on the magnitude and reliability of the force-time characteristics produced. As such, this review focuses on the correct testing and analysis methodologies to use during IMTP testing.
Publication 3: The Effect of Altering Body Posture and Barbell Position on the Within- Session Reliability and Magnitude of Force-Time Curve Characteristics in the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull
A large degree of variation in the position used during isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) testing, and conflicting results of the effects of these changes, can be found in the literature. This study investigated the effect of altering body posture and barbell position on the reliability and magnitude of force-time characteristics generated during the IMTP. Seventeen strength-power athletes (n = 11 males, height: 177.5 ± 7.0 cm, body mass: 90 ± 14.1 kg, age: 30.6 ± 10.4 years; n = 6 females, height: 165.8 ± 11.4 cm; body mass: 66.4 ± 13.9 kg, age: 30.8 ± 8.7 years) with greater than 6 months of training experience in the clean (1RM: 118.5 ± 20.6 kg, 77.5 ± 10.4 kg) volunteered to undertake the experimental protocol. Subjects performed the IMTP using four combinations of hip and knee angles, and two different barbell positions. The first barbell position corresponded to the second pull of the clean, while the second rested at the mid-point between the iliac crest and the patella. Peak force (PF), time-specific force (F50, F90, F150, F200, F250), peak rate of force development (pRFD), and impulse (IMP) time-bands were reliable in all four testing positions examined. Statistically greater PF, F50, F90, F150, F200, F250, pRFD and IMP0-50, IMP0-90, IMP0-150, and IMP0-200 were generated in a testing position corresponding to the second pull of the clean when compared to a bent over torso angle, regardless of the barbell position used. Moderate to large effect sizes favouring a testing position corresponding to the second pull were also found. Overall, when performing the IMTP, an upright torso and a barbell position that matches the second pull of the clean should be used.
Publication 4: The Effect of Altering Body Posture and Barbell Position on the Between- Session Reliability of Force-Time Curve Characteristics in the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull
Seventeen strength and power athletes (n = 11 males, 6 females; height: 177.5 ± 7.0 cm, 165.8 ± 11.4 cm; body mass: 90.0 ± 14.1 kg, 66.4 ± 13.9 kg; age: 30.6 ± 10.4 years, 30.8 ± 8.7 years), who regularly performed weightlifting movements during their resistance training programs, were recruited to examine the effect of altering body posture and barbell position on the between-session reliability of force-time characteristics generated in the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). After subjects were familiarised with the testing protocol, they undertook two testing sessions which were separated by seven days. In each session, the subjects performed three maximal IMTP trials in each of the four testing positions examined, with the testing order randomised. In each position, no significant differences were found between-sessions for all force-time characteristics (p = >0.05). Peak force (PF), time-specific force (F50, F90, F150, F200, F250), and IMP time-bands (0-50, 0-90, 0- 150, 0-200, 0-250 ms) were reliable across each of the four testing positions (ICC ³0.7, CV £15%). Time to peak force, peak RFD, RFD time-bands (0-50, 0-90, 0-150, 0-200, 0-250), and peak IMP were unreliable regardless of testing position used (ICC =15%). Overall, the use of body postures and barbell positions during the IMTP that do not correspond to the second pull of the clean have no adverse effect of the reliability of the force-time characteristics generated.
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Bailey, Chris A., Kimitake Sato, Ryan Alexander, Chieh-Ying Chiang, and Michael H. Stone. "Isometric Force Production Symmetry and Jumping Performance in Collegiate Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4617.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between isometric force production symmetry and jumping performance in weighted and un-weighted static and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ). Design: Bivariate correlation between isometric force production symmetry and vertical jump performance variables. Methods: Collegiate athletes were evaluated for this study (n=36). Subjects performed SJ, CMJ, and isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP). Jumps were analyzed for jump height (JH) and peak power (PP). IMTP was analyzed for peak force (PF) for left and right sides, and values were calculated to produce a peak force symmetry index (PF-SI) score. Correlational statistics were performed examining the relationship between PF-SI and jump variables. Results: Moderate statistically significant negative correlations were observed between PF-SI and all jump variables, indicating that as asymmetry increases jump performance decreases. SJ correlations weakened in weighted conditions (JH r=-0.52 @ 0 kg/r=-0.39 @ 20 kg, PP r=-0.43 @ 0 kg/r=-0.34 @ 20 kg), but CMJ produced similar correlations for both conditions (JH r=-0.47 @ 0 kg/r=-0.49 @ 20 kg, PP r=-0.28 @ 0 kg/r=-0.34 @ 20 kg). Unlike the SJ, which only contains the propulsive or concentric portion of the jump, the CMJ also contains the eccentric portion and performance contributions of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). The addition of the SSC may play a role in the maintaining the magnitude of asymmetry in the CMJ weighted condition. Conclusions: The results indicate that force production asymmetry may be detrimental to bilateral vertical jumping performance. The findings should be considered for further investigation on sport-specific tasks.
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Jones, William C. II. "THE INFLUENCE OF A HIGH-NITRATE BEVERAGE ON THE RATE OFFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND PEAK FORCE OUTPUT OF COLLEGE-AGEDINDIVIDUALS DURING AN ISOMETRIC MID-THIGH PULL." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1573055614095832.
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Marcelo, Edson Luiz Fernandes. "MPME- Qual o tratamento mais adequado - regime diferenciado como forma de redução da informalidade?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/288.
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Previous issue date: 2005-08-15This project analyzes the role of micro, small and medium companies in Brazil, their importance in generation of income and job and compares the main economic indicators of this segment with the ones of other countries. The work encompasses an analysis of the main problems that turns the development of these companies so difficult. It also evidences what has been done and what is being done to change that situation and suggests that public policies should prioritize the improvement of their competitiveness through the reduction of the obstacles caused by the unnecessary regulation, difficulties in accessing financial programs whether of medium or long terms and through programs and incentives aiming the improvement of companies management. The importance and the evolution of the Industrial Districts in Brazil is put in evidence, since it is considered by many authors as an alternative to the strengthening of the micro, small and medium companies and regional development. An analysis of the main indicator of informal economy is presented in this work. It also investigates how some specific public policies could cause the reduction of the current levels of informality. The dissertation concludes reaffirming the principal actions that could be prioritized in different and distinct areas - regulation, judiciary, tax, credit, all objectifying the improvement of productivity of the micro, small and medium companies.
Este trabalho analisa o papel das micro , pequenas e médias empresas no Brasil, sua importância na geração de rendas e empregos e compara os principais indicadores desse segmento com o de outros países. O trabalho faz uma análise dos principais problemas que dificultam o desenvolvimento das MPME, evidencia o que já foi feito e sugere que as políticas públicas priorizem a melhoria da competitividade das empresas, através da redução dos obstáculos causados pela excessiva regulamentação, dificuldades de acesso a financiamentos de médio e de longo prazos e através de programas e incentivos visando a melhoria da gestão das mesmas. O trabalho evidencia a importância e a evolução dos Distritos Industriais ( APL's) no Brasil, por muitos considerado como uma alternativa de fortalecimento das MPME e de desenvolvimento regional. É feita uma análise dos principais indicadores da economia informal e como algumas medidas de políticas públicas poderiam colaborar para redução dos atuais níveis de informalidade. O trabalho é concluído reenfatizando as principais ações que poderiam ser priorizadas nas diversas áreas - regulamentação, judiciário, tributária, crédito, todas objetivando melhorar a produtividade das MPME.
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Jaouen, René. "Kuli ngi daw = (La force sacrée du mil) : de la religion du mil à l'Eucharistie chrétienne chez les Gizigas du Nord Cameroun." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5872.
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Dix ans après la fin du Concile Vatican II, Paul VI renouvelait la doctrine missionnaire du Décret Ad Gentes et de la Déclaration Nostra Aetate par son Exhortation Apostolique Evangelii Nuntiandi sur l'Evangélisation dans le monde moderne, en date du 8 décembre 1975. Il disait alors que "L'Église évangélise lorsque, par la seule puissance divine du message qu'elle proclame (cf. Rom 1.16: 1 Cor 1, 18;2.4), elle cherche à convertir en même temps la conscience personnelle et collective des hommes, l'activité dans laquelle ils s'engagent, la vie et le milieu concrets qui sont les leurs" (E.N.18). Ce qui est à convertir, c'est donc, non seulement les consciences individuelles, mais aussi ce que le Concile a appelé ailleurs les cultures (G.S. 53). Et Paul VI d'insister sur la profondeur de cette conversion: il s'agit selon lui "d'atteindre et comme de bouleverser par la force de l'Évangile les critères de jugement, les valeurs déterminantes, les points d'intérêt, les lignes de pensée, les sources inspiratrices et les modèles de vie de l'humanidessein du salut" (E.N.19).
L'hypothèse de cette recherche, c'est qu'il importe de traduire, non seulement les éléments secondaires, mais la totalité du langage ("matière et forme", symbole, signifiants). Pour atteindre à la profondeur que visait Paul VI, il ne faut pas commencer par faire éclater la structure du langage, en imposant des "limites convenables" (G.S.44) qui seraient des limites à priori étrangères à l'esprit de l'Incarnation.
La pratique de l'Eucharistie dans les jeunes Églises d'Afrique fournit un excellent terrain pour vérifier cette hypothèse dans toutes ses dimensions, implications et conséquences. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Karki, Aashis. "Development of Simplified Framework For Reliability Analysis Of Flexible Pavement Using Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1501329755239314.
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Li, Wanguang. "Experimental study of the thermophoretic force and evaporation rates for single microparticles in the Knudsen regime /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9929.
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Amouroux-Pezas, Chantal. "Les chromosomes B du mil : leur gestion dans une forme spontanée, Pennisetum violaceum, et leur transfert dans des lignées cultivées." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112185.
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Les chromosomes surnuméraires de type B observés au sein de certaines populations nigériennes de Pennisetum violaceum (Burm. ) Stapf et Hubb. (Une des formes spontanées du mil) sont morphologiquement stables et leur longueur est d’environ la moitié de celle du plus petit des chromosomes A du complément ; ils sont subtélocentriques, le petit bras étant réduit à un bloc d’hétérochromatine. Ils présentent une instabilité mitotique extrême qui aboutit à un important mosaïcisme intra et intertissulaire ; leur nombre varie de 0 à 13 d’une cellule à l’autre ; au niveau des méristèmes racinaux, leur nombre évolue également avec l’âge de la plante et les variations observées varient en fonction du nombre de chromosomes B présents dans le zygote. Les chromosomes B s’apparient très facilement entre eux, ce qui permet le réalisation d’associations multivalentes diverses (bivalents à heptavalents), il n’y a pas d’effet de groupe quand le nombre de chromosomes B augmente dans la cellule. 8,28 % des chromosomes B présents subissent une ségrégation précoce au cours de l’anaphase I ; la réalisation de ce phénomène dépend de leur positionnement par rapport à la plaque équatoriale ; lorsqu’un chromosome B, univalent ou intégré dans une association multivalente, se place en position amphitélique sur celle-ci, il subit une ségrégation précoce. Les chromosomes B sont transmissibles par le pollen et par l’ovule ; dans la descendance du croisement étudié (deuxième croisement de retour sur la lignée cultivée J lo4), ils peuvent se perdre par la voie pollinique. La présence des chromosomes B induit une variabilité phénotypique intrapopulation mais celle-ci ne peut être mise en évidence que si l’on considère l’aspect global de la plante décrite par les 28 caractères étudiés, si on ne fait aucune distinction entre eux. Il y a également une corrélation entre le nombre de chromosomes B et quelques caractères individuels : les individus porteurs de chromosomes B ont des feuilles en moyenne plus larges, plus nombreuses et un nombre de talles basales plus important au début de leur développement, mais par contre une feuille-drapeau moins longue et moins large. Par ailleurs, en fin de cycle, la floraison des talles basales excédentaires est plus ou moins inhibée. L’hypothèse suivante peut donc être proposée : les plantes possédant des chromosomes B présentent une croissance plus active au début de leur développement ce qui les rendrait plus compétitives que celles qui n’en n’ont pas ; mais par la suite, lors de la floraison, elles accuseraient un léger fléchissement compensatoire. Cette variation du comportement en fonction de l’âge de la plante pourrait être à l’origine des divergences constatées dans la bibliographie sur les chromosomes BThe B-chromosomes of some Nigerian populations of a pearl-millet spontaneous form: Pennisetum violaceum (BURM. ) Stapf and Hubb have been studied cytogenetically in relationship with the agronomic characteristics. They look morphologically stable and are very rich in heterochromatin; they show a very important mitotical instability (from 0 to 13 B-chromosomes per cell) which gives rise to an intra- and inter-tissulaire mosaicism, which depends on the number of B-chromosomes in the zygote and on the age of the plant; the chromosome pairing is very easy; they can make an early segregation in anaphase I (8,28 % independently of the number of B-chromosomes in the cell); they are transmitted by the pollen and the ovule and are lost by the pollinic transmission in the studied family. The presence of B-chromosomes (the number and the type of mosaicism) creates a phenotypical variability of general aspect of the plant, which can lead the hypothesis of an adaptive role of the B-chromosome, variable with the age of the plant. This variability could be at the basis of contradictory results and interpretations in the literature about the B-chromosomes
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Tan, My Dung Adeline. "L'expression du déplacement en chaozhou : les formes introduisant un groupe nominal locatif et l'encodage de la trajectoire." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0020.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine des travaux sur l’expression de la trajectoire menés dans un cadre typologique et fonctionnel. Elle contribue à la description du chaozhou (une langue sinitique du groupe min du sud, parlée au Guangdong, Chine) en analysant les formes susceptibles d’introduire un groupe nominal locatif dans l’encodage de la trajectoire. Il s’agit des verbes directionnels et déictiques, du verbe gao3 遘 « arriver » qui s’emploie aussi avec le sens de « jusqu’à » et des prépositions spatiales do6 □, na3 □ et baj3 放 « à, de (depuis), sur, dans, etc. ». L’étude sur la nature du complexe verbal et sur l’emploi causatif des verbes directionnels permet de situer le chaozhou relativement au cadre typologique défini par Talmy. Gao3 遘 diffère de dào 到 « à, jusqu’à » en chinois standard par son emploi plus restreint. Les prépositions locatives Do6 □, na3 □ et baj3 放 sont sémantiquement neutres quant au type de trajectoire (SOURCE, PARCOURS, DIRECTION, TERME) et à la présence ou à l’absence de déplacement. L’analyse de la corrélation entre le rôle sémantique du groupe prépositionnel et sa position par rapport au verbe permet d’étudier le rôle de l’ordre des mots dans l’expression de la trajectoire. L’étude de ces prépositions met aussi en évidence une distinction d’ordre modal entre certaines d’entre elles. Notre thèse examine également la distribution de l’information sur la trajectoire entre les adpositions et les verbes directionnels et déictiques placés après un autre verbeThe thesis studies path expressions within a typological and functional framework. It contributes to the description of Chaozhou, a Sinitic language belonging to the Southern Min Group, spoken in Guangdong, China, by analyzing the forms that encode path and can introduce a ground noun phrase. These forms are directional and deictic verbs, the verb gao3 遘 ‘arrive at’, which also means ‘to’ and spatial prepositions do6 □, na3 □ and baj3 放 ‘at, to, in, etc’. Through an analysis of the verbal complex and a description of the causative use of directional verbs, we account of Chaozhou’s status in Talmy’s typology of motion events. Gao3 遘 differs from dào 到 in Standard Chinese by its more restricted range of use. The locative prepositions do6 □, na3 □ and baj3 放 ‘at, to, in, etc.’ are semantically neutral as to the type of path (SOURCE, ROUTE, DIRECTION and GOAL) and to the presence or absence of translational motion. The analysis of the correlation between the semantic role of the prepositional phrase and its position in relation to the verb allows us to study the role of word order in the expression of path meaning. The study highlights a modal distinction between some of these prepositions. Our thesis also examines the distribution of spatial information between adpositions and directional and deictic verbs placed after another verb
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Richard, France. "De mes yeux à tes mains : étude différentielle du statut visuel : exemple de l'exploration haptique de figures géométriques bi-dimensionnelles." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/richard_f.
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Cette recherche étudie l'incidence d'un entraînement haptique sur les performances et les procédés d'exploration haptique, dans une tache de reconnaissance de figures géométriques bi-dimensionnelles, selon le statut visuel des sujets (voyants sous occlusion visuelle, aveugles tardifs et précoces). Notre problématique s'interroge sur les conséquences des différences de structuration cognitive des sujets, en fonction de leur statut visuel. Nous postulons que le mode de raisonnement des voyants et des aveugles tardifs sera différent de celui des aveugles précoces, et ce, quelle que soit leur expérience haptique. Nous avons observé la progression différentielle des performances générales et du choix des procédés d'exploration, en fonction du statut visuel, ainsi que le rôle de la difficulté des items. Les résultats indiquent que les voyants sont moins performants que les aveugles, dans notre tache de reconnaissance de dessins géométriques, mais que leurs performances s'améliorent significativement. Les aveugles obtiennent des résultats élevés, dès la première épreuve. L'amélioration n'est donc perceptible qu'à travers la diminution de la viabilité interindividuelle. Par ailleurs, les temps d'exploration sont plus longs pour les voyants et les aveugles tardifs, que pour les aveugles précoces. La difficulté des items ne perturbe pas ce rapport. Ces résultats valident l'hypothèse d'une tentative de traduction visuelle des informations haptiques, parallèlement à un traitement direct. D'autre part, nous avons observé une préférence pour les procédés métriques chez les aveugles, tandis que les voyants recourent à tous les procédés disponibles. L'entraînement ne permet pas de sélectionner un ou deux procédés. Enfin, nous n'avons pas pu mettre en évidence un effet de la main d'exploration. De nouvelles recherches seront nécessaires, pour compléter cette étude et mieux comprendre l'évolution des procédés d'exploration et l'incidence du statut visuel sur ceux-ciThis research tries to study the effect of an haptic training on the performances and the processes of haptic exploration developped in a recognition task of two-dimensional geometrical figures: this depends on the visual status of the subjects (blindfolded persons, early or late blind persons). Our problematic questions the subjects' different cognitive structurings and their consequences, according to their visual status. We postulate that the reasoning mode of sighted persons and late blind persons is different from the one of early blind persons, whatever their haptic experience. We have analysed the differential progression of general performances, the choice of the exploration processes and the role played by the difficulty level of the items, according to the visual status. The results show that sighted persons are less effective than blind persons, late or early ones, in our recognition task of geometrical figures, but that they can significantly increase their performances. Blind persons get high results at the first test. Hence their progress is not abvious. Yet, we can find some through the reduction of interpersonal variability. Besides, the exploration time is longer for sighted persons and late blind persons, compared with early blind ones. The difficulty of the items does not alter this link between the groups. These results validate the hypothesis of an attempt to translate visually the information, parallel to a direct processing of haptic information. As for the exploration processes, we have noticed that blind subjects prefer metrical processes whereas sighted persons appeal to all the processes at their disposal. The training does not allow them to select one or two processes. Eventually, we have not been able to underscore any impact of the explorating hand new researches would be necessary to complete this study and to understand better the evolution of exploration processes and the impact of the visual status on them
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Zelman, Stephanie. "Letterforms, cultural forms, the interplay between graphic design, Western culture and communications technologies since mid-century." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64208.pdf.
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Zelman, Stephanie. "Letterforms, cultural forms : the interplay between graphic design, western culture and communications technologies since mid-century." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30232.
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Beginning with an understanding of the aesthetic and idealism of modern design, this thesis discusses the interrelationship between culture, technology and graphic design since mid-century. A review of the rise of postmodern critique, particularly as expressed through digital technologies, demonstrates how cultural shifts and developing communications technologies work in tandem to influence the emergence of visual systems. By revealing several underlying premises of modernity, it is shown that the linearity of modern design is a biased and limited theory of vision. This argument is reinforced by contrasting the modern conception of direct communication with alternative design practices that encourage readers to play a more active role in the interpretation of a message. However, the thesis ultimately returns to the fundamental principles of modernism to suggest that certain tenets of modernist thought should not be jettisoned so quickly, simply because digitization encourages open-ended viewing experiences.
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Silva, Marcos Vinicius Caetano da. "Sertão e Savana : forma literária e processo histórico em contos de Bernardo Élis e de Mia Couto." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23849.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2017.Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-06-12T18:23:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_MarcosViníciusCaetanodaSilva.pdf: 1272461 bytes, checksum: 1152014c5146ab115d6d6ddb88ae2fe2 (MD5)
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O trabalho apresenta uma leitura comparativa de contos selecionados do escritor brasileiro Bernardo Élis (1915-1997) e do autor moçambicano Mia Couto (1955), considerando como fundamentos da análise crítica as conformações dialéticas campo e cidade, litoral e sertão, mito e religiosidade, razão e loucura, para figurar os impasses da formação nacional do Brasil e de Moçambique. Esses enfoques contrastivos revelam a complexidade dos dilemas históricos dos países em causa, apreendidos na forma artística do conto, de modo a problematizar literariamente os desafios oriundos do subdesenvolvimento e do antigo domínio colonial: um passado que continua a repercutir no presente de tais nações periféricas como história viva.
This paper presents a comparative analysis of selected short stories of the brazilian writer Bernardo Elis (1915-1997) and of the mozambican writer Mia Couto (1955), considering the acknowledgements of the country and the city, the shore and the hinterland, the myth and the religiosity, the reason and the madness as arguments that reveal the complexities of historic dilemmas of refered countries seized into art form of short story as a way to question the literature about the challenges originated from underdevelopment and from old colonial domain: a past that keeps resounding at these peripheral nations at current time as living History.
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Villerd, Jean. "Représentations visuelles adaptatives de connaissances associant projection multidimensionnelle (MDS) et analyse de concepts formels (FCA)." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004559.
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Les outils de recherche d'information sont confrontés à un accroissement constant à la fois du volume et du nombre de dimensions des données accessibles. La traditionnelle liste de résultats ne suffit plus. Un réel besoin en nouvelles techniques de représentation visuelle émerge. Ces nouvelles techniques doivent permettre d'appréhender de manière globale des données nombreuses et multidimensionnelles, en révélant les tendances et la structure générales. On souhaite également pouvoir observer de façon détaillée un ensemble plus restreint de données selon un certain point de vue correspondant à des dimensions particulières. Notre objectif principal est d'assister l'utilisateur dans sa tâche d'exploration de l'information par une articulation judicieuse entre vue globale et vues locales maintenant sa carte mentale. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous allions des techniques d'analyse de données capables d'identifier des sous-ensembles pertinents, à des techniques de visualisation d'information permettant de naviguer dynamiquement et intuitivement parmi ces sous-ensembles. Une attention particulière est portée aux problèmes liés aux données manquantes, d'une part, et aux données indexées sur des dimensions mixtes (binaires, nominales, continues), d'autre part. De plus, conformément aux attentes de la communauté visualisation, nous définissons un cadre formel pour la spécification de visualisations à partir des données à représenter. Concrètement, nous proposons une méthode de navigation originale associant des techniques de FCA (Formal Concept Analysis) et de visualisation multidimensionnelle MDS (MultiDimensional Scaling). Cette méthode s'appuie sur le paradigme de visualisation "overview + detail" constitué d'une vue globale révélant la structure des données et d'une vue locale affichant les détails d'un élément de la vue globale. Nous tirons parti des propriétés de regroupement du treillis de Galois en l'utilisant comme vue globale pour représenter la structure des données et suggérer des parcours cohérents. La vue locale représente les objets en extension d'un concept sélectionné, projetés par MDS. Nous illustrons la pertinence de cette méthode sur des données concrètes, issues de nos partenariats industriels, et montrons en quoi les techniques de visualisation liées à FCA et la visualisation spatialisée de données par projection MDS, parfois jugées incompatibles, se révèlent complémentaires.
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Hermida, Palacios María Augusta. "El Detalle como intensificación de la forma: el Illinois Institute of Technology de Mies van der Rohe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96156.
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En múltiples ocasiones se recurre a la frase de Mies “Dios está en los detalles” y se piensa que el cuidado del detalle es un requisito del buen acabado de la obra cuando en realidad, la relación acertada y rigurosa de materiales, nos permite suponer la presencia de una arquitectura de calidad. El detalle tiene una dimensión formativa como momento intenso del sistema constructivo con el que se afronta el proyecto y es un instrumento de la concepción y no un corolario técnico que sirve para resolver los problemas que plantea una concepción inconsciente. En definitiva, se entiende el detalle como momento básico del proyecto y, en la medida que condensa el sistema constructivo entero, es un requisito fundamental de la forma: el momento intenso de relación -constructiva y visual- de los materiales. El detalle como punto álgido de la forma, como su intensificación.
La pregunta que esta investigación se plantea es en qué medida la solución intensa, tanto visual como constructiva, del detalle influye en la construcción de la forma y por ende en la calidad del proyecto. Se pretende demostrar que en el detalle se condensa, haciéndose más intensa, la formalidad esencial de la arquitectura de Mies van der Rohe. Para contestar a la pregunta y demostrar el cometido se pasa revista a la obra de Mies, a lo largo de 20 años, teniendo como eje de reflexión al Illinois Institute of Technology (1938-1958) y poniendo especial énfasis en los sistemas estructurales y en la relación entre distintos materiales; situación que se aborda como un proceso con variaciones que conduce hacia soluciones cada vez más abstractas.
Se elige a Mies van der Rohe, uno de los más claros exponentes de la arquitectura moderna, por la precisión e intensidad de las que supo dotar a sus obras. El carácter esencial del detalle se acentúa al abordar los pormenores de un proyecto no realizado, el Library and Administration Building, en dónde el detalle alcanza toda su dimensión de condición fundamental de la forma: o se define el detalle o no existe el proyecto. El procedimiento a emplear parte de revisar sus dibujos originales, observar cómo el detalle constituye ese momento intenso de relación entre materiales, seleccionar los más representativos y utilizar los recursos de la tecnología digital para el modelado geométrico básico y la simulación visual.
En el capítulo -Aproximación al Proyecto del IIT- se resume la experiencia de la llegada de Mies a América y la manera como aborda el proyecto del campus. El capítulo -El detalle como intensificación del proyecto- sirve para presentar y sustentar, luego de la observación rigurosa y ordenada de los documentos originales de Mies, la hipótesis de que el encuentro entre materiales, en el proyecto de la Library and Administration Building, tiene cuatro etapas, que van de menos a más en el aspecto visual. Es objeto del capítulo -El detalle en la arquitectura construida- mirar con detenimiento las soluciones constructivas de los distintos edificios del campus y comprobar que la solución constructiva de un proyecto es ‘consecuencia’ del anterior y ‘causa’ del siguiente. El capítulo -Experiencias paralelas- versa sobre las obras contemporáneas al IIT y en él se explica la retroalimentación existente entre unas y otras.
Mies parte de soluciones estructurales puras a la necesaria acomodación de requisitos funcionales concretos. Busca la relación más adecuada entre estructura, función y cerramiento para encontrar aquella solución más universal, económica, esencial y abstracta. A pesar de su preferencia por el acero, como material más adecuado para la época, también cuando trabaja con otros materiales se ve su genialidad. La relación entre materiales, el encuentro entre elementos arquitectónicos y volúmenes con distinto comportamiento térmico, constructivo y funcional siempre tiene una transición visual. Se verifica, también, que la obra de Mies está construida por capas, al igual que una cebolla cuyas distintas cortezas pueden removerse. La tesis comprueba que la correcta relación entre materiales se convierte en el aspecto intensificador de la forma y que la variación en la relación entre materiales conduce a una paulatina evolución en la solución de los encuentros en la obra de Mies van der Rohe.
El conocimiento acumulado del estudio del microcosmos deriva en la observación del macro universo: el detalle intensifica la obra pero no la sustituye, básicamente lo que hace es darnos el punto de vista con el que mirar.On many occasions architects use Mies phrase "God is in details", thinking that the attention to detail is a requirement of a good finished work, when actually, the successful and rigorous relationship of materials, can make us assume the presence of quality architecture. The detail has a formative dimension as an intense moment of the constructive system with which the project is addressed. Detail is a project design tool and not only a technical corollary used to solve the problems of an unconscious conception. In short, detail is the basic moment of the project and, as it condenses the entire building system, is an essential form’s requirement: the intensive moment of visual and constructive relationship, the peak of form, it’s intensification. The question that this research proposes is in what extent the detail solution, both visual and constructive, influence in form construction and therefore in the quality of the project. It tries to prove that in detail the essential formality of the architecture of Mies van der Rohe condenses and becomes more intense.In order to answer the question the investigation reviews the work of Mies, over 20 years, having the Illinois Institute of Technology (1938-1958) as a focus for discussion and putting special emphasis on structural systems and on the relationship between different materials, a situation that is handled as a changing process that leads to increasingly abstract solutions. We choose Mies van der Rohe, one of the best architects with the clearest examples of modern architecture, for the accuracy and intensity he gives to his work. The essential character of the detail is enhanced by addressing the details of a not constructed project, the Library and Administration Building, where the detail reaches its full dimension as fundamental condition of the form: or the detail is defined or the project does not exist. The procedure begins by the review of his original drawings, seeing the details as the intense moment of connection between materials, selecting the most representative and using the digital technology for the basic geometric modeling and the visual simulation. The chapter "Approach to the IIT project” summarizes the experience of the arrival of Mies in America and the way he addresses the campus project. The chapter "The detail as intensification of the project”, serves to introduce and sustain, after rigorous observation of the original documents of Mies, the hypothesis that the relationship between materials in the project of the Library and Administration Building, has four stages ranging from low to high in appearance. The object of the chapter "The detail in the built architecture“ is to give a deep look at constructive solutions in various buildings of the campus, and ensure that the constructive solution of a project is 'result' of the former and 'cause' of the next. Chapter “Parallel experiences” gives a look over the contemporary IIT projects and explains the feedback between both. Mies begins with pure structural solutions and ends with the necessary accommodation of specific functional requirements. He finds the proper relationship between structure, closing and function trying to reach the most universal, economic, abstract and essential solution. Despite his preference for steel, considered the most suitable material for his time, he also shows his genius when working with other materials. The thesis verifies that the relationship between materials, the encounter between architectural elements and volumes with different thermal, constructive and functional behavior, has always a visual transition; and that the work of Mies is built in layers, like an onion peel. The thesis finds that the correct relationship between materials becomes the intensifier aspect of form and the change in these correlation leads to a gradual evolution in the solution of the encounters in the work of Mies van der Rohe. The accumulated knowledge of the microcosm study leads to the observation of the macro universe. The detail intensifies the project but it does not replace it, basically what it does is give us the perspective with which to look.
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Villalba, Benonio Terra. "AS NANOCÁPSULAS CONTENDO MELOXICAM APRESENTAM EFEITO ANTINOCICEPTIVO MAIS PROLONGADO QUE O FÁRMACO NA FORMA LIVRE EM CAMUNDONGOS." Centro Universitário Franciscano, 2011. http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/501.
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The present study investigated the time-course of antinociceptive effect of meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules (M-NC) (5 mg/kg, intragastrically (i.g.) in chemical and thermal models of pain in mice. The antinociceptive activity of M-NC was compared to free meloxicam (M-F) (5 mg/kg, i.g.). Experiments were carried out in male Swiss mice previously treated with M-NC or M-F or suspension without drug (B-MC), at different times (0.5 – 120 h). M-NC elicited a significant increase in the tail-immersion and hot-plate response latency and this effect remained significant up to 24 h. Antinociceptive action of M-NC in the thermal test was similar to M-F. M-NC reduced the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing up to 48 h, while M-F produced an inhibition to 24 h. Pre-treatment up to 96 h with M-NC produced a marked reduction of the licking time in the first and second phases in the formalin test, while M-F had significant effect against the duration of licking up to 24 h in the first phase and at 0.5 h in the second phase. Paw oedema formation induced by formalin was reduced up to 96 h of pre-treatment with M-NC, while M-F had no significant effect against the formation of the paw oedema. Pre-treatment of up to 72 h with M-NC produced a marked reduction of the licking time and paw oedema formation induced by glutamate, while M-F had significant effect in both parameters up to 24 h. The antiedematogenic effect of M-NC remained significant up to 96 h after the administration, while M-F produced an inhibition of ear oedema up to 24 h. In conclusion, time-curse of antinociceptive effect indicated that M-NC exhibited more prolonged action than M-F. Thus, M-NC may be of potential interest in developing new prolongated delivery systems for the treatment of pain.
O presente estudo investigou o tempo de duração do efeito antinociceptivo de nanocápsulas com meloxicam (M-NC) (5 mg / kg, por via intragástrica (ig)) em modelos químicos e térmicos de dor em camundongos. Além disso, a atividade antinociceptiva das M-NC foi comparada com a do meloxicam na forma livre (MF) (5 mg / kg,ig). Foram utilizados camundongos machos da linhagem Swiss previamente tratados com M-NC ou MF ou com uma suspensão sem o fármaco (B-MC), em diferentes tempos (0,5 - 120 h). As M-NC provocaram um aumento significativo na latência de resposta nos testes de imersão da cauda e placa quente e este efeito permaneceu até 24 h. A ação antinociceptiva das M-NC nos testes térmicos foi semelhante ao MF. As M-NC reduziram as contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético em até 48 h, enquanto o MF produziu uma inibição apenas até 24 h. O pré-tratamento de até 96 h com as M-NC produziu uma redução acentuada do tempo de lambida na primeira e segunda fases do teste da formalina, enquanto o MF teve efeito significativo contra a duração do tempo de lambida em até 24h na primeira fase e em 0,5 h, na segunda fase. A formação do edema de pata induzido pela formalina foi reduzido até 96 h de pré-tratamento com as M-NC, enquanto o MF não teve efeito significativo contra a formação do edema de pata. O pré-tratamento de até 72 h com as M-NC produziu uma redução acentuada do tempo de lambida e na formação de edema de pata induzido pelo glutamato, enquanto o MF teve efeito significativo em ambos os parâmetros em até 24h. O efeito antiedematogênico das M-NC permaneceu significativo até 96 h após a administração, enquanto o MF produziu uma inibição no edema de orelha até 24 h. Em conclusão, o tempo de duração do efeito antinociceptivo indicou que as M-NC exibiram uma ação mais prolongada do que o MF. Assim, as M-NC podem ser de interesse potencial no desenvolvimento de novos sistemas de liberação para o tratamento da dor.
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Assis, Jamille Maria Nascimento de. "“Nem preto, nem branco, mas puro matiz”: um ensaio sobre a produção crítica do uspianista José Miguel Wisnik." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9286.
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O trabalho tem como objetivo produzir um perfil intelectual do crítico José Miguel Wisnik, a partir da análise da sua produção ensaística e musical, do espaço que o formou e o acolheu como professor (a Universidade de São Paulo) e de depoimentos, entrevistas e alguns biografemas. Wisnik se destaca no meio crítico por assumir uma forma de leitura articulada com a especificidade da linguagem musical, sem deixar de levar em consideração os conhecimentos de outras áreas, como a psicanálise, a sociologia, a antropologia, a história, etc., sempre com o intuito de valorizar a criatividade das manifestações culturais brasileiras em seus trabalhos. Uma leitura alinhada a distintas matrizes analíticas não deixaria de gerar suas ambiguidades, até porque quem a produz é um uspiano que, à diferença de seus pares, tentou aplicar um approach teórico formal e sociológico à análise de objetos que não são usualmente analisados na USP, como a música e o futebol. Essa dupla valência leva-o, portanto, a estar alinhado com os Estudos Culturais no Brasil, mas de modo bastante singular. Estudar como essa singularidade se forjou constitui, pois, a principal meta deste trabalho.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Letras. Salvador-Ba, 2012.
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Wang, Qian. "The Crisis of Chinese Rock in the mid-1990s: Weakness in Form or Weakness in Content?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485867.
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Born in the political turmoil of the 1989 student movement, Chinese rock music is often understood as an ideological weapon to against the Communist principles due to its western origin. The movement pushed Chinese rock to an unprecedented height of cultural prominence in the. early 1990s. Chinese rock, however, lost this cultural prominence in the mid-1990s. The political suppression is generally regarded as the key reason causing the crisis, but the real reason is much more complicated and deep inside China's society. . The 1990s is a decade when China was profoundly transformed into a new nation in every dimension. The substantial economic growth hid other social problems, such as the unparalleled development between economy and culture. The crisis of Chinese rock is just evidence demonstrating how cultures are co-produced by multi-forces social movements rather than any single factors. Social powers and the political power are often mixed in previous studies. It is also incorrect to treat ordinary people as a passive group who actually had exerted their influences on the formation of Chinese rock in the 1990s. Qualitative data (such as the lyrics and comments) and quantitative data (such as the number ofrock album and economic figures) display why the crisis happened. The political-concentrated content and the purely artistic form are the two direct causes of the crisis, but digging deeper, social power, social classes, and cultural capital play vital roles. The immaturity of Chinese rock music itself is the direct reason, but the immaturity of China's society is the essential and primary reason for the crisis. The crisis of Chinese rock, however, does not mean its death, but a period when rockers, the music industries, the media, fans, and even the government needed to learn and accumulate adequate source and capital to develop this new culture. It cannot be an overnight task. The comeback of Chinese rock in the new millennium demonstrates that Chinese rock is a culture related to China. Its social significance and role likely differ from its western counterpart. Because China has been opened up to the outside world since 1979, the development of intercultural exchange is inevitable, which makes rock music develop in China in a together-in-difference situation.
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Silva, Jorge Alexandre da. "Basta qualificar? : o Pronatec como estrat?gia de inclus?o produtiva do Plano Brasil sem Mis?ria." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6438.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Esta tesis se sit?a en la l?nea de investigaci?n en Trabajo Social y Pol?tica Social y tiene el aspecto objetivo general la forma en que el Programa Nacional para el Acceso a la Educaci?n T?cnica y Empleo (Pronatec) se constituye como estrategia de inclusi?n productiva de Brasil sin plan de la Pobreza, para contribuir al debate sobre la masa de cualificaci?n profesional para luchar contra la pobreza extrema. As?, hemos elaborado el siguiente problema de investigaci?n: c?mo estructurar incluyendo la producci?n del Programa Pronatec Brasil sin pobreza? Basado en el m?todo materialista hist?rico y dial?ctico este trabajo mediante la investigaci?n documental como t?cnica de investigaci?n. La recolecci?n de datos se refiere a documentos oficiales, los textos publicados por instituciones del gobierno federal, entrevistas de representantes del gobierno federal, la orientaci?n t?cnica de los documentos del gobierno federal y los textos que contienen an?lisis de la educaci?n y la capacitaci?n profesional. Estas fuentes fueron consultadas desde sitios de Internet. El estudio muestra que la Pronatec es nombrado como una iniciativa positiva para aumentar la formaci?n y cualificaci?n de la fuerza de trabajo en el pa?s. Sin embargo, la estrategia adoptada en Pronatec ha sido cuestionado con respecto a los cursos de Formaci?n Continua inicial, cuya oferta se concentra sobre todo en el sistema S y la red privada, con fondos del fondo p?blico. Por lo tanto, el aumento de la matr?cula de la cualificaci?n profesional de Pronatec se ha basado en la formaci?n superficial para la colocaci?n en el mercado laboral y la privatizaci?n y la mercantilizaci?n de la educaci?n. Por otro lado, esta estrategia ha permitido que el gobierno federal tiene la infraestructura humana y material de fundamental para ampliar las acciones del programa. La encuesta mostr? un progreso en relaci?n con el Pronatec Planseq / Bolsa Familia. Aunque estas dos estrategias del gobierno federal para la inclusi?n productiva de los beneficiarios de los programas de transferencia de ingresos, se observ? que en Pronatec los criterios adoptados para la inscripci?n en los cursos de formaci?n profesional son menos exclusiva que en Planseq / Bolsa Familia. El hecho es que en Pronatec no hay ning?n requisito de escolaridad y no limitar el n?mero de participantes por familia. Por lo tanto, el progreso en la adopci?n de la inscripci?n en Cad?nico como el principal criterio para la inclusi?n de la poblaci?n en los cursos de formaci?n profesional. Con esto, el gobierno de Dilma result? estructurar el Pronatec como una estrategia unificada, que se ha convertido cada vez m?s en una referencia para las ciudades brasile?as. La encuesta tambi?n muestra que el gobierno federal est? apostando a Pronatec como el Brasil sin estrategia Plan de pobreza para hacer frente a la pobreza extrema, pero no espera que la cualificaci?n profesional es inmediatamente o de forma milagrosa a "puerta de salida" de la transferencia de dinero en efectivo, con el entendimiento de que no todas las familias dejar?n el Programa Bolsa Familia. Sin embargo, la masificaci?n de la cualificaci?n profesional a trav?s de Pronatec, ha estado marcada por las ideolog?as empleabilidad y el esp?ritu empresarial, totalmente apropiada para el modo de ser de la acumulaci?n flexible. Por lo tanto, estimula a las habilidades de capacitaci?n y de emergencia individuales, centr?ndose en la responsabilidad de los trabajadores para asegurar su lugar en el mercado de trabajo a costa de una mayor atenci?n a la formaci?n b?sica.
A presente tese situa-se na linha de pesquisa Servi?o Social e Pol?ticas Sociais e tem como objetivo geral, analisar como o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino T?cnico e Emprego (Pronatec) se constitui como estrat?gia de inclus?o produtiva do Plano Brasil Sem Mis?ria, a fim de contribuir para o debate sobre a massifica??o da qualifica??o profissional no enfrentamento ? extrema pobreza. Assim, elaborou-se o seguinte problema de pesquisa: como se estrutura a inclus?o produtiva a partir do Programa Pronatec Brasil Sem Mis?ria? Fundamentado no m?todo materialista, hist?rico e dial?tico o presente estudo utiliza a pesquisa documental como t?cnica de pesquisa. A coleta de dados abrange documentos oficiais, textos publicados por institui??es do governo federal, entrevistas de representantes do governo federal, documentos de orienta??es t?cnicas do governo federal e textos contendo an?lises sobre a educa??o profissional e a qualifica??o profissional. Tais fontes foram consultadas a partir de sites da internet. O estudo mostra que o Pronatec ? apontado como uma iniciativa positiva para aumentar a forma??o e a qualifica??o da for?a de trabalho no pa?s. No entanto, a estrat?gia adotada no Pronatec tem sido questionada no que tange aos cursos de Forma??o Inicial Continuada (FIC), cuja oferta est? concentrada especialmente no Sistema S e na rede privada, com recursos oriundos do fundo p?blico. Desta forma, o aumento no n?mero de matr?culas da qualifica??o profissional do Pronatec tem sido baseado na forma??o aligeirada para a coloca??o no mercado de trabalho, assim como na privatiza??o e mercantiliza??o da educa??o. Por outro lado, essa estrat?gia tem possibilitado ao governo federal dispor da infraestrutura humana e material fundamental para ampliar as a??es do programa. A pesquisa apontou avan?os do Pronatec em rela??o ao Planseq/Bolsa Fam?lia. Embora sejam duas estrat?gias do governo federal para a inclus?o produtiva de benefici?rios dos programas de transfer?ncia de renda, observou-se que no Pronatec os crit?rios adotados para a matr?cula nos cursos de qualifica??o profissional s?o menos excludentes do que no Planseq/Bolsa Fam?lia. O fato ? que no Pronatec n?o h? exig?ncia de escolaridade e nem limita??o do n?mero de participantes por fam?lia. Da? o avan?o em se adotar a inscri??o no Cad?nico como principal crit?rio para a inser??o da popula??o nos cursos de qualifica??o profissional. Com isso o governo Dilma acabou por estruturar o Pronatec como uma estrat?gia unificada, que cada vez mais tem se tornado refer?ncia para os munic?pios brasileiros. A pesquisa tamb?m mostra que o governo federal aposta no Pronatec como estrat?gia do Plano Brasil Sem Mis?ria para enfrentar a extrema pobreza, mas n?o espera que a qualifica??o profissional seja de imediato ou de forma milagrosa a ?porta de sa?da? da transfer?ncia de renda, com o entendimento de que nem todas as fam?lias sair?o do Programa Bolsa Fam?lia. N?o obstante, a massifica??o da qualifica??o profissional via Pronatec, tem sido marcada pelas ideologias da empregabilidade e do empreendedorismo, plenamente adequadas ao modo de ser da acumula??o flex?vel. Desse modo, estimula-se a capacita??o individual e a qualifica??o emergencial, com foco na responsabilidade do trabalhador em assegurar seu espa?o no mercado de trabalho em detrimento de uma aten??o maior ? forma??o b?sica.
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Sire, Cédric. "Propriétés électriques à l'échelle nanométrique des diélectriques dans les structures MIM et MOS." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442919.
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Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre de la caractérisation électrique par sonde locale de dispositifs Métal-Oxyde-Semiconducteur et Métal-Isolant-Métal. L'enjeu est de comparer les caractéristiques de conduction et de rigidité diélectrique aux échelles nanométrique et macroscopique, dans le but d'évaluer ces caractéristiques sans la réalisation coûteuses de structures intégrées. Un microscope à force atomique en mode de conduction (C-AFM) fonctionnant sous ultravide a été utilisé, et un protocole expérimental couplant des mesures électriques standards de la microélectronique industrielle et les mesures à l'échelle nanométrique a été mis en oeuvre. La méthode a été appliquée aux jonctions Silicium / oxyde de Silicium ainsi que Nitrure de Titane / oxydes d'Hafnium, de Zirconium et silicate d'Hafnium. La comparaison systématique des mesures s'avère fiable si l'on considère une surface de contact entre la pointe et le diélectrique de l'ordre du nm². Il a été démontré que l'ensemble des mesures des tensions de claquage suivait la même loi de probabilité de Weibull, impliquant une densité de défauts responsables du claquage proche de la densité atomique d'un solide. Les champs électriques de claquage mesurés qui sont de deux à trois fois supérieurs aux mesures standards sont alors voisins du champ de claquage intrinsèque de l'oxyde. Le C-AFM a également permis de mettre en évidence un courant après claquage à la caractéristique non ohmique, possédant la propriété d'être quasi-indépendant de l'épaisseur d'oxyde et partiellement réversible. Ce courant inaccessible à l'échelle standard a été interprété à l'aide de deux modèles reposant sur l'hypothèse d'un courant filamentaire en accord avec nos expériences. La topographie après claquage est en accord avec une épitaxie du substrat assistée par claquage (DBIE), due à la densité de courant élevée dans le filament.
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Miller, Brandon Alexander. "The Relationships Between Hexagonal Barbell One-Repetition Maximum Deadlift and Maximal Isometric Pulls at Three Different Positions." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent158583263690913.
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