Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mirrors – Design'
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Pinholster, William. "After August: Museums As Mirrors." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1588.
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The After August Museum collects and exhibits an open, user-generated body of content. Its primary objective is to help heal the post-Katrina Lower Ninth Ward community. It is respectful and considerate of the area's established traditions, present concerns, and future goals. The museum assumes multiple shapes and plays multiple roles as it acts as the center of the transitioning community.
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Matuschek, Nicolai. "Theory and design of double-chirped mirrors /." Zürich, 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13223.
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Cho, Myung Kyu. "Structural deflections and optical performances of lightweight mirrors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184875.
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A parametric design study of light weight mirror shapes with various support conditions was performed utilizing the finite element program NASTRAN. Improvements in the mirror performance were made based on the following design criteria: (1) minimization of the optical surface wavefront variations, (2) minimization of the self-weight directly related to cost of manufacturing, and (3) optimal location of support points. A pre-processor to automatically generate a finite element model for each mirror geometry was developed in order to obtain the structural deformations systematically. Additionally, a post-processor, which prepares an input data file for FRINGE (an optical computer code) was developed for generating the optical deflections that lead to the surface wavefront variations. Procedures and modeling techniques to achieve the optimum (the lightest and stiffest mirror shape due to self-weight) were addressed. Fundamental natural frequency analyses, for contoured back mirror shapes for a variety of support conditions, were performed and followed by comparisons of the results which were obtained from NASTRAN and a closed-form approximate solution. In addition, element validity and sensitivity studies were conducted to demonstrate the behavior of the element types provided in the NASTRAN program when used for optical applications. Scaling Laws for the evaluations of the optical performances and the fundamental frequencies were established.
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Scheidl, Martin. "The design and fabrication of movable micromachined mirrors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39951.
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Liu, Celia H. (Celia Hsin-Hsin). "Structural analysis and design of adaptive lightweight mirrors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49907.
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Baiocchi, Dave. "Design and control of lightweight, active space mirrors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290102.
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The success of the Hubble Space Telescope created a great interest in the next generation of space telescopes. To address this need, the University of Arizona (UA) has designed and built several lightweight prototype mirrors ranging in size from 0.5 m to 2 m in diameter. These mirrors consist of three key components: a thin, lightweight glass substrate holds the reflective surface; the surface accuracy is maintained by an array of position actuators; and the stiffness is maintained by a lightweight carbon-fiber/epoxy support structure. The UA mirrors are different from conventional mirrors in that they are actively-controlled: their figure may be changed after they leave the optics shop. This dissertation begins with an overview of the technical issues for placing large optics in space, and I also discuss the current state-of-the-art in active mirror design. Chapters 3 and 4 discuss ways to design mirrors such that the optical performance is maximized while the mass is minimized. Chapter 3 looks at the best way to distribute the mass between the reflective substrate and the actuators, and Chapter 4 looks at the optimum geometries for structured mirrors. The second half of this work looks at the practical aspects of controlling active mirrors. Chapter 5 discusses the University of Arizona's 2 m NMSD prototype mirror. Specifically, I review the system that I developed to measure and control the mirror. I also provide some details on using a least-squares solution to solve for the actuator commands. Chapter 6 discusses the UA ultralightweight 0.5 m prototype mirror. I describe the techniques that I developed for attaching loadspreaders to the reflective surface, the metrology system, and a software package used to remotely-control the mirror.
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Cheng, Andrew Yuk Sun. "DESIGN ASPECTS OF FUTURE VERY LARGE TELESCOPES (HONEYCOMB MIRRORS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183998.
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Research has been carried out on three major difficulties in designing efficient and economic telescopes with 8m f/1 lightweight mirrors. These problems are polishing f/1 aspherics, thermal distortion of borosilicate glass mirror and mirror seeing. Viable solutions to all three have been developed. Solving the fundamental problems allows future very large telescopes to use such mirrors as the basic elements in the design which will reduce the cost. Accurate mirror figure together with good pointing stability given by the short focal length will enable the telescope to form images as sharp as that permitted by nature on the ground. A new technology of polishing f/1 aspherics with a computer controlled stressed lap will give very accurate figure because the lap is changed accurately to adapt the desired figure. Design parameters and performance specifications for a 0.6m aluminum stressed lap for polishing a spun cast 1.8m f/1 borosilicate glass honeycomb mirror have been developed. These can be readily scaled up for polishing 8m f/1 mirrors. Stressed lap polishing also requires accurate material removal over the entire mirror surface. An optimization algorithm using the theory of material wear has been developed to search for the polishing strokes suited for uniform or other desired removal rates. Direct casting of lightweight mirrors requires that the glass be borosilicate. The figure distortion caused by the expansion of borosilicate glass requires the mirror be isothermal to less than 0.1°C for image degradation not to exceed 0.1 arcsecond. The problem of thermal interference by air and the environment has been investigated. A method of injecting well controlled air into the cells that forces the mirror to be isothermal to within 0.1°C has been discovered. Mirror seeing caused by temperature difference between the mirror and ambient air can degrade the telescope performance, but can be reduced by careful thermal design. A simple theoretical thermal model is used to select the glass thickness of a honeycomb structure mirror. Under air ventilation thermal control, the mirror responds to changing air temperature in less than an hour, reducing mirror seeing also to 0.1 arcsecond for telescopes at good seeing sites.
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Chesbro, Dylan L. "DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROSTATICALLY-ACTUATED SILICON MICRO-MIRRORS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/281.
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Micrometer-scale mirrors are used in many electronic devices today such as digital light projection. One common type of mirror is a thin plate structure supported by torsional hinges which rotates when actuated. These devices are popular because the design allows for high stability and reliability. Parallel plate electrostatic actuation is commonly used to create the force which rotates the plate structure. The device consists of one deformable parallel plate electrode and one immovable electrode. In order for these devices to rotate to a specific angle when actuated, both the mechanical and electrostatic forces must be characterized. This project analyzes both of these forces through modeling equations, and compares theoretical performance to experimentally measured values. The rotational measurements involve reflecting a laser spot off the surface of the actuator face and recording any displacement of the laser spot with a position sensitive device. The electrostatic device created consists of a rotating hinged structure, a fixed aluminum electrode, and a polymer spacer to create an air gap between the electrodes. These components are created using standard semiconductor fabrication techniques. The hinged structures are created from a 500μm thick, double-sided polished, single crystal (100) silicon wafer. The wafers are etched using both wet etching, and reactive ion etching techniques, which produce approximately 8μm thick plate structures. Physical vapor deposition is used to deposit a thin aluminum film onto the silicon in order to form a conductive layer. Rigid aluminum counter-electrodes and SU-8 polymer spacers are fabricated on a glass slide. The silicon actuator chip is aligned and mounted onto the glass slide. Once fabricated, the micro-mirror actuator was tested for angular rotation as a function of applied voltage. The applied voltage ranged from 0 to 100V and produced an angular rotation up to 0.3 degrees. During testing it was observed that the stability of the angular tilt was poor enough to merit further examination. Angular stability over time can be a serious issue for micro mirrors, and can cause complete failure of the device. Short and long term angular drift as well as a rotational settling phenomenon were investigated. Angular drift was found to be most likely caused by electrical or environmental factors. The rotational settling had an electrical root cause, which caused charge to migrate on the glass substrate beneath the actuator. The charge formed by the migration created a counteracting force on the actuator causing the rotation angle to reduce over time. The migrating charge was eliminated by creating a second neutrally charged counter-electrode which prevented charge from building on the glass surface.
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Tondapu, Karthik. "Design and fabrication of one and two axis nickel electroplated micromirror array." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6037.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 15, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Bexell, Felicia. "MINDTRIP : An exploration of mirror illusions in fashion design." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22031.
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This work explores the interactive use of mirrored and reflective materials in the context of fashion. It draws parallels between the way in which it has been used in architecture in comparison to fashion and seeks a way to make a fair translation between the two mediums. The motive behind this work lies in the curiosity to explore reflective mirror materials in clothing beyond simply as shiny surface materials and aims instead to explore its illusive properties when combined with archetypical pattern prints. This to explore the potential aesthetic expressions it could bring to the fashion field. Using the theoretical approach of convergence, divergence, and transformation by Jones and methods by Thornquist that was slightly modified and reworked to fit the context of this project. Investigations with the reflective material were tested in different scales, both by draping with the material as is and by cutting and placing it in different ways in relation to the printed textile material. Derived from these experiments a new illusive material was created with special draping and shaping properties that came to define the collection as a whole.
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Hung, Tsen-Yu. "The design of whispering gallery mirrors for soft x-ray lasers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70622.
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Barry, Marie Porterfield. "Lesson 13: Mirrors in Renaissance and Baroque Art." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/art-appreciation-oer/14.
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Bastaits, Renaud. "Extremely large segmented mirrors: dynamics, control and scale effects." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210122.
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All future Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) will be segmented. However, as their size grows, they become increasingly sensitive to external disturbances, such as gravity, wind and temperature gradients and to internal vibration sources. Maintaining their optical quality will rely more and more on active control means. This thesis studies active optics of segmented primary mirrors, which aims at stabilizing the shape and ensuring the continuity of the surface formed by the segments in the face of external disturbances.The modelling and the control strategy for active optics of segmented mirrors are examined. The model has a moderate size due to the separation of the quasi-static behavior of the mirror (primary response) from the dynamic response (secondary, or residual response). The control strategy considers explicitly the primary response of the telescope through a singular value controller. The control-structure interaction is addressed with the general robustness theory of multivariable feedback systems, where the secondary response is considered as uncertainty.
Scaling laws allowing the extrapolation of the results obtained with existing 10m telescopes to future ELTs and even future larger telescopes are addressed and the most relevant parameters are highlighted. The study is illustrated with a set of examples of increasing sizes, up to 200 segments. This numerical study confirms that scaling laws, originally developed with simple analytical models, can be used in confidence in the preliminary design of large segmented telescopes.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Lutzenberger, Bert Jeffrey. "Analysis and design of MEMS scan mirrors using periodically stiffened silicon nitride." Diss., Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/lutzenberger/LutzenbergerB0506.pdf.
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This research presents a novel fabrication method combining surface and bulk micromachining techniques to deposit mechanically stiffened silicon nitride films for use in MEMS fabrication. The stiffened silicon nitride film consists of a thin (~1.5 um) top sheet with stiffening fins molded to the back of the film. In the final configuration, the fins extend between 15 um and 40 um vertically from the back of the film. The molded fins are arranged into periodic square and hexagonal cell configurations ranging in size from 10 um to 250 um. The periodic cells significantly increase the bending stiffness of LPCVD silicon nitride films resulting in a film with a high strength-to-weight ratio. Larger aperture, silicon nitride micro mirrors are fabricated with the mechanically stiffened silicon nitride film. The mirrors demonstrate that deformation due to postrelease thermal strain and inertia during dynamic actuation can be mitigated by employing the proposed stiffening technique. Furthermore, the mirrors are fabricated with a minimal amount of processing making the proposed microfabrication technique an attractive solution for various MEMS applications Finally, homogenized material properties are obtained for the periodically stiffened silicon nitride film. The homogenized material properties are then used to simplify finite element models of biaxial and single axis torsion micro mirrors fabricated the proposed film. The resulting finite element models are shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental models. The presented numerical analysis method significantly simplifies model complexity while simultaneously reducing the computational cost associated with simulating MEMS built from a periodically stiffened thin film.
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Jordan, Elizabeth (Elizabeth O. ). "Design and shape control of lightweight mirrors for dynamic performance and athermalization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39705.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-124).
The next generation of space telescopes will need to meet increasingly challenging science goals. For these new systems to meet resolution goals, the collecting area of the primary mirror will need to be increased. However, current space telescope designs are reaching their limits in terms of size and mass. Therefore, new systems will need to include technologies such as lightweight mirrors, segmented or sparse apertures and active optical control. Many of these technologies have no flight heritage, so determining what combinations of technologies will create favorable designs requires detailed modeling and analysis. This thesis examines the design of a lightweight mirror for an advanced space telescope for both dynamic performance and shape control. A parametric model of a rib-stiffened mirror is created in order to quickly analyze many different mirror geometries. This model is used to examine the homogeneous dynamics of the mirror to determine what geometry will maximize the ratio of stiffness to areal density. The mirror model is then used in a full dynamic disturbance-to-performance analysis so that system performance can be examined as a function of changes in the mirror geometry.
(cont.) Next, a quasi-static shape control algorithm is developed to control the mirror using in the presence of thermal disturbances. The traditional method of mirror shape control relies on feedback from 'a wavefront sensor in the optical path. A wavefront sensor reduces the amount of light available for image formation, which causes problems when viewing very dim objects. Therefore, this control algorithm uses feedback from sensors embedded in the primary mirror. Control algorithms using both strain gages and temperature sensors are developed and compared to determine which sensor type results in better performance. The shape control algorithm with temperature sensors is analyzed using the parametric rib-stiffened mirror model to determine what geometries are best for shape control. The dynamic analysis is combined with the thermal control analysis in order to determine what mirror geometries will be favorable for both of these problems.
by Elizabeth Jordan.
S.M.
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McKay, Stuart. "Advanced design of stretchable membrane mirrors and their use in 3-dimensional display systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366668.
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Al, Husseini Abdul Mohsen Z. (Abdul Mohsen Zuheir). "Design and modeling of a third generation slumping tool for X-ray telescope mirrors/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67607.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-144).
Glass sheets with high surface quality and angular resolution of 5 arcsec are in demand for the International X-Ray Observatory. Several glass flattening techniques are presented in this thesis, including a method of thermally shaping individual sheets of glass using porous mandrels as air bearings developed at the Space Nanotechnology Lab. This method, a second generation slumping tool, eliminates the problems of sticking and dust particle-induced distortion that plague traditional slumping methods. A detailed mathematical model of the slumping process is developed, allowing prediction of final glass shape based on process parameters that include air supply pressure, imperfections on the mandrel surface, glass total thickness variations and gravity vector orientation. Simulations were conducted for a variety of scenarios to study the impact of apparatus tilt and pressure asymmetries on glass shape. Experiments to verify model findings are conducted under closed-loop control of pressure and apparatus tilt. Little improvement in repeatability is seen, suggesting that the error is due to unmodeled forces such as contact forces from the glass holding technique. Finally, the design process and fabrication of a third generation slumping tool is presented. In addition to scaling the design to accommodate larger flats, slumps are done horizontally to float the glass and minimize contact during the process. New capabilities of the tool also include active gap measurement and control, as well as plenum air temperature monitoring.
by Abdul Mohsen Z. Al Husseini.
S.M.
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Mabilia, Greta. "Like Me : An exploration into the impact of social media on our mental well-being from a speculative design perspective." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76572.
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What impact do social media have on mental well-being and how can design become a tool for increasing awareness among users? To interact on social media means to find new ways of seeking a sense of belonging, of being part of a society that can validate our existence and attribute value to what we decide to share. But what happens when there is a gap separating the ways in which we create value and sense of selfworth online and offline? How does it impact our mental well-being and the capacity to become a productive element of our society? Like Me is a speculative design project that explores the gap between the virtual and the real, while researching how it impacts our mental well-being and sense of self-worth in society. This Bachelor’s thesis delves into this topic through design methods and visual communication, resulting in a short fictional film about a speculative scenario. The aim of this research is to raise a discussion about embracing what is to come, finding a new sense of awareness to improve our impact on social sustainability. KEYWORD
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Mason, Steven. "The design and use of large diameter stretchable membrane mirrors in 3-dimensional display systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426300.
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Cohan, Lucy Elizabeth. "Integrated modeling and design of lightweight, active mirrors for launch survival and on-orbit performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59550.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-256).
Lightweight, active mirrors are an enabling technology for large aperture, space-based optical systems. These mirrors have the potential to improve the optical resolution and sensitivity beyond what is currently possible. However, as with all technology development programs, there are remaining issues to be solved before such mirrors can be used in operational systems. As of yet, no efforts have been made to explore the design space or optimize the design of lightweight mirrors across operational environments and constraints. The extremely harsh launch environment is of particular concern because launch survival constraints could dictate aspects of the mirror design. Additionally, on-orbit optical performance, in terms of high spatial frequency wavefront error and low spatial frequency correctability, are extremely important aspects of mirror design. Due to the lack of heritage systems, the best designs for lightweight, active mirrors are not immediately apparent. Therefore, an integrated modeling methodology for technology development programs is developed. This framework uses model-based design and evolutionary models to guide the technology development program. This methodology is applied to the lightweight, active mirror systems of interest. The mirrors are modeled and analyzed in two distinct environments: on-orbit and during launch. The on-orbit model and analysis are presented, as well as the designs with the best optical performance, which tend to have many ribs and actuators. Additionally, a dynamic state-space model of the launch environment is developed. The designs that are most likely to survive launch have few ribs and actuators, directly in conflict with the best on-orbit designs. Launch load alleviation techniques, including techniques making use of the existing embedded actuators, are also implemented to increase the probability of launch survival. Finally, a fully integrated trade space analysis of designs is shown, along with families of designs that perform well with respect to different mission objectives. The integrated modeling approach allows for the seamless combination of the two analysis, as well as a way in which to determine the best performing designs. By using this approach, the model can be updated to include any new insights and to reflect the current state of the technology, making it useful throughout the life cycle of the program.
by Lucy E. Cohan.
Ph.D.
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Bonnand, Romain. "The Advanced Virgo Gravitational wave detector : Study of the optical design and development of the mirrors." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980687.
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Gravitational waves have been predicted by Einstein in his General Relativity theory. Theyare perturbation of the space-time metric and we try to reveal them by laser interferometry. More precisely,gravitational wave detectors are km long Michelson interferometers combined with Fabry-Perot cavities.The network of first generation detectors (Virgo, LIGO, GEO) did not permit a direct detection afterseveral observational runs in coincidence at the nominal sensitivity. A second generation of detectors is inpreparation with in particular the European project Advanced Virgo. This detector should have a sensitivityincreased by an order of magnitude compared to Virgo. The interferometer mirrors play a crucial role inthe Advanced Virgo sensitivity as it is limited by the mirror thermal noise in the mid-frequency regionand by the amount of photons collected in the interferometer cavities at high frequencies. The high powercirculating in the Fabry-Perot cavities induces important thermal lensing effect. This thesis is interestedfirst in the thermal lensing effect in the interferometer for different optical configurations. Then we areinterested in the mirrors composing the Fabry-Perot arm cavity from the calculation of the requirements interms of flatness to the realization of the mirrors flatness and its measurement. The mirror flatness shouldbe sub-nanometric in order to limit the optical losses in the Fabry-Perot cavities to reduce the effect of theshot noise and of the diffused light. We will see the correction of the substrates flatness by the so-calledcorrective coating technique. Finally, we study the uniformity of the dielectric multilayer coating depositionnecessary to obtained high-reflective mirrors. We study in particular the planetary motion of the substratesin the coating machine.
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Adya, Vaishali Badrish [Verfasser]. "Ways to stop mirrors from moving unnecessarily : design of advanced gravitational wave detectors / Vaishali Badrish Adya." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161096914/34.
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Strickon, Joshua Andrew 1976. "Smoke and mirrors to modern computers : rethinking the design and implementation of interactive, location-based entertainment experiences." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88355.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February 2003.P. 244 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 237-243).
We have yet to create the ultimate interactive experience. Why is that so, and how can that change? How can we increase our chances of getting it right? Interactive, location-based experiences are a new genre and need a new way of thinking about designing them. We also need a better way of dealing with the sophistication of modem technology, enabling us to get to the heart of designing these new interactions. This thesis makes progress in this area by creating a classification system for the space of interactive location-based entertainment experiences. It begins to develop a theory of interactivity as it can be applied to this genre. The theory also guides the birth of a library of interactive design techniques and the development of a design approach as a series of steps and questions that must be answered to complete an experience. It is proposed that across a variety of experience types (games, rides, theater shows and museum installations), the design approach will be similar. It is also hypothesized that given one distinct hardware system, a range of different interactions can be explored. Furthermore, this thesis looks at how technology can be used to aid in the development process by designing a rapid development environment for prototyping new interactions. By establishing a new way of looking at the problem I hope to be able to reach the goal of creating compelling experiences. Through the construction of a new set of tools, this thesis details the fundamental elements of a location-based, interactive attraction and exposes all of the technical, practical and artistic issues that must be resolved to successfully complete and deploy them.
by Joshua Andrew Strickon.
Ph.D.
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Mital, Rashmi. "Design and demonstration of a novel optical true time delay technique using polynomial cells based on white cells." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1111161542.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 195 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-195). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Reinlein, Claudia [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann, Andreas [Gutachter] Tünnermann, and Stefano [Gutachter] Bonora. "Thermo-mechanical design, realization and testing of screen-printed deformable mirrors / Claudia Reinlein ; Gutachter: Andreas Tünnermann, Stefano Bonora ; Betreuer: Martin Hoffmann." Ilmenau : TU Ilmenau, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1178186059/34.
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Burcklen, Catherine. "Microscope X dans la fenêtre de l’eau : conception, miroirs à revêtements multicouches et métrologie associée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLO002/document.
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L’observation d’échantillons biologiques à une échelle nanométrique est actuellement un thème majeur pour la biologie. En particulier, la microscopie à rayons X dans la fenêtre de l’eau (entre les seuils d’absorption K-alpha de l’oxygène et du carbone, soit entre 2,4 et 4,4 nm de longueur d’onde) présente un intérêt remarquable car elle permet à la fois l’observation d’échantillons biologiques avec un fort contraste d’absorption naturel, mais également une haute résolution grâce à la courte longueur d’onde d’utilisation. Plusieurs microscopes basés sur des composants diffractifs ont d’ores et déjà été développés et ont montré une résolution allant jusqu’à 12 nm. Dans ce contexte, nous développons au Laboratoire Charles Fabry un microscope X plein champ à miroirs en incidence proche de la normale. Le schéma optique du microscope a dans un premier temps été étudié et optimisé. Il est basé sur un objectif de Schwarzschild, et dispose donc d’une longue distance de travail ce qui permettra de faciliter l’installation de l’échantillon à observer. Les miroirs doivent être traités avec un revêtement multicouche à très faible période à base de chrome et de scandium. Plusieurs systèmes multicouches à couches sub nanométrique ont été étudiés pour maximiser la réflectivité des revêtements à une longueur d’onde proche de 3,14 nm, parmi lesquels : Cr/Sc, Cr/B4C/Sc, CrN/Sc et CrN/B4C/Sc. Une réflectivité pic de plus de 23% a été mesurée pour un revêtement multicouche CrN/B4C/Sc à un angle d’incidence inférieur à 5°The observation of biological samples at a nanometer scale is currently a major topic for biology. In particular, X-ray microscopy in the water-window (between Oxygen and Carbon K-alpha edges, corresponding to a wavelength between 2.4 and 4.4 nm) is off remarkable interest since it enables the visualization of biological samples with a natural high absorption contrast and a high resolution thanks to the short working wavelength. Several such x-ray microscopes have already been developed and showed resolutions down to 12 nm. In this context, we develop at Laboratoire Charles Fabry a full field, near normal incidence mirror based X-ray microscope. The optical design of the microscope was studied and optimized in a first place. It is based on a Schwarzschild objective, with a rather long working distance so that the installation of the sample will be facilitated. The mirrors are to be coated with very short period multilayer coatings containing chromium and scandium. Several multilayer systems with sub-nanometer thick layers ere studied in order to obtain the highest reflectance possible near normal incidence at a wavelength near 3.14 nm. Those systems were Cr/Sc, Cr/B4C/Sc, CrN/Sc and CrN/B4C/Sc. A peak reflectance of 23% has been measured for CrN/B4C/Sc at an incidence angle lower than 5°
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Hinshaw, Jesse Creede. "Let's Exchange the Experience." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/42.
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The purpose of this study is to attain an understanding of my work for the viewer as well as myself. These works on paper are visual documents illustrating my ideas and opinions about media and its desire for control. Through research, critical thinking, experience, and exposure to media (both wanted and unwanted) I have created imagery that I feel is exemplary of our forced relationship with advertising. In order to accomplish this I studied my influences, and the origin of my current work. Reading upon realization of those influences further informed the work. Every conceivable influence was studied and analyzed, and those studies are contained in this thesis. Questions of audience, scale, medium, and history were also taken into account as a measure to make this thesis cohesive. As an audience for advertisers we must constantly be aware of how our sensitivities are being played upon.
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Unal, Ugur. "Optomechanical Analysis And Experimental Validation Of Bonding Based Prism And Mirror Mounts In A Laser System." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614161/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, different optomechanical design and adhesive configurations for
mounting mirrors and prisms used in a laser system are investigated. Maintaining
stability and strength of optical components of a laser device is difficult especially if
the system is to be used in military environment.
In order to determine the strength of prism mounts to high acceleration levels,
mathematical correlations derived by Yoder are used. By use of these mathematical
correlations, safety factor of different prism mounts and adhesive configurations are
calculated for an acceleration level of 40g.
So as to decide most stable mirror mount and adhesive configuration, several
experiments are conducted. For the experiments, 5 different optomechanical mounts
are designed. Then, 25 mirrors are bonded to the designed mounts with 5 different
adhesives. These experiments are done to simulate harsh military environmental
conditions such as thermal shock, mechanical vibration and mechanical shock.
In the experiments, angular movement of mirrors due to adhesive cure, thermal
shock, mechanical vibration and mechanical shock are monitored. Thermal shock is
applied between -40ºC and 70º
C with a temperature change of 22º
C/min. On the v other hand, mechanical vibration of 14 grms and mechanical shock of 40g for 6 ms is applied in the experiments. Shortly, this study is done for determination of the most stable mirror and prism mount design and adhesive combination of a laser system subjected to extremely harsh environments.
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Nohavec, Donald R. (Donald Richard). "Magnetic bearing design for interferometric mirror-scanning mechanisms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10487.
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Lin, Wei-Chun. "NON-TRACKED MIRROR-AUGMENTED PHOTOVOLTAIC DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1363626307.
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Chaderjian, Aria. "Design and Testing of Composite Mirror Adaptive Optics." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1326.
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Adaptive optics work to reduce optical losses in the LIGO detectors, making them more sensitive to gravitational wave events. Mode-mismatch between the coupled optical cavities, caused by uncertainty in the radii of curvature and orientation of the interferometer optics, is one of the main sources of loss in Advanced LIGO. Thermal actuators are used to dynamically change the radius of curvature of certain interferometer optics, allowing mode mismatches to be reduced. Finely tunable astigmatic mirrors have the potential to be very useful in gravitational wave detectors for beam reflections at non-normal incidence, but have never been tested. These astigmatic composite mirrors are constructed by bonding a fused silica mirror to a non-axially-symmetric metal plate. When heated, the mirror is differentially distorted in the x- and y-directions due to its asymmetric design, resulting in an elliptical reflected beam profile. We model and test an initial mirror design, finding that it does, in fact, act as an astigmatic mirror. This finding opens a new avenue towards development of adaptive optics for current and next-generation gravitational wave detectors.
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Hagnestål, Anders. "Coil Design and Related Studies for the Fusion-Fission Reactor Concept SFLM Hybrid." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-183362.
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A fusion-fission (hybrid) reactor is a combination of a fusion device and a subcritical fission reactor, where the fusion device acts as a neutron source and the power is mainly produced in the fission core. Hybrid reactors may be suitable for transmutation of transuranic isotopes in the spent nuclear fuel, due to the safety margin on criticality imposed by the subcritical fission core. The SFLM Hybrid project is a theoretical project that aims to point out the possibilities with steady-state mirror-based hybrid reactors. The quadrupolar magnetic mirror vacuum field is based on the Straight Field Line Mirror field and the central cell is 25 m long. A fission mantle surrounds the mirror cell. The fission to fusion power ratio is about 150 with keff = 0.97, implying that almost all the produced energy comes from fission. Beyond each mirror end magnetic expanders are located, which increase the plasma receiving “divertor” area and provide tolerable heat load on wall materials. The plasma is heated with ion cyclotron radio frequency heating and the fission mantle is cooled using a liquid lead-bismuth eutectic. The device is self-sufficient in tritium, and does not seem to suffer from severe material problems. A remaining issue may be the plasma electron temperature, which need to reach about 500 eV for efficient power production. In this doctoral thesis, theoretical work has been done with the magnetic coil system of such a device and also with the overall concept. A new coil type, the fishbone coil, suitable for single cell quadrupolar mirrors, has been invented. Two vacuum field coil sets with satisfying properties have been found, where the most recent coil set consists of fishbone coils. Finite ß effects on the magnetic field have been investigated, showing that the flux tube ellipticity increases with ß. The ellipticity of the vacuum field increases slightly with radius, but with finite ß it decreases with radius. The maximum flux surface radial extensions decrease with ß, which is an unexpected and beneficial result. A radial invariant has also been identified, and particle simulations have been made to emphasize that quadrupolar mirrors must be symmetric or confinement may be lost.
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Hemberg, Max, and Ludwig Josefsson. "Architecture as Narrative in First Person Level Design : A Reading of Mirror’s Edge Catalyst." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för speldesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447887.
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The video games industry is rapidly developing as technology allows designers to create increasingly comprehensive worlds for their players to explore. Acknowledging the experience gained by architects designing similar structures for the physical world, this thesis explorescross-disciplinary research. The relationship between architecture and level design is here utilized to further the understanding of architectural space within first-person video games. A textual analysis is performed on Mirror’s Edge Catalyst to investigate ways in which architecture may contribute to the narrative of a game. This reading embodies the aspirations of precedent studies, used by architects to understand and analyse the components within an architectural composition. The thesis is guided by the question “How can architectural space support the narrative in levels of first-person video games?” and manages to uncover multiple layers to the design of Mirror’s Edge Catalyst. The research conveys that the expectedgameplay experience guides the composition of the architecture within the level. Here the horizontal and vertical planes that define space may be utilized to facilitate the narrative throughtheir shape and configuration. The spatial segments are then arranged into linear or centralizedorganizations emphasizing the narrative of the level. Finally, throughout these spatial organizations monumental architecture is applied which provides stages that assist in conveyingthe focal point of the narrative.Den digitala spelindustrin utvecklas snabbt i samband med teknologiska framsteg. Detta resulterar i förutsättningar för speldesigners att utveckla utförliga virtuella världar för deras spelare att utforska. Genom att erkänna den välutvecklade erfarenheten erhållen av arkitekter i deras arbete att konstruera världens samhällen, antar sig detta kandidatarbete tvärvetenskaplig forskning. Relationen mellan arkitektur och level design används här för att främja förståelsen för arkitektoniskt utrymme inom videospel som utspelar sig i första person. En textanalys är utförd på Mirror’s Edge Catalyst med syftet att undersöka olika möjligheter för arkitektur att bidra till narrativ inom spel. Denna analys aspirerar till att förhålla sig till målet av en prejudikatstudie som tillåter arkitekter att förstå och analysera komponenter inom en arkitektonisk komposition. Kandidatarbetet vägleds av forskningsfrågan ”Hur kan arkitektoniskt utrymme användas för att stödja ett narrativ i banor från första-persons videospel?”. Forskningen visar att den förväntade spelupplevelsen inom en bana styr den arkitektoniska kompositionen. Horisontella och vertikala ytor används för att definiera utrymme medan deras form och sammansättning ger plats åt banans narrativ. Det uppdelade utrymmet placeras sedan in i linjära eller centraliserade organisationer vilket styrker den narrativa upplevelsen som etableras. Under dessa organisationer placeras storslagen arkitektur, vilket ger upphov till scener vars syfte är att underlätta kommunikationen av fokuset inom narrativet.
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Sigrist, Norbert. "First-order design of mirror systems with no axial symmetry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284660.
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All-reflective imaging systems that are asymmetrical and eccentric have the advantage of providing more degrees of freedom to improve image quality. A disadvantage of these asymmetrical imaging systems is that they suffer from asymmetric mapping. This asymmetric mapping manifests itself mainly in the presence of keystone distortion and anamorphism. Due to the increase in degrees of freedom, the complexity of such systems escalates; thus, the designer is confronted with the difficult task of determining optimal starting points. This work addresses several first-order aspects of the design and characterisation of asymmetrical, all-reflective, aspherical, eccentric imaging systems. In contrast to the work of Stone and Forbes, which is based upon the theory of Hamiltonian optics and includes both the first- and second-order considerations, this work is based upon the theory of collineation. Because of the inherent simplicity of the collinear mapping, which is a projective transformation, we are able to present a simple but certainly not naive way of designing and characterising such asymmetrical all-reflective imaging systems. The simplicity of this proposition has the advantage that we can gain insights into asymmetrical mapping behaviour. Specifically, we apply the collinear mapping model on all-reflective asymmetrical imaging systems resulting in the description of how the mapping between conjugate planes may be described. First we will define keystone distortion and anamorphism. Then we will introduce and investigate the significance of the Cardinal points and planes, the Scheimpflug condition and the horizon planes and show how they are applied in the designing of imaging systems that are free of both keystone distortion and anamorphism. Having established a first-order layout of the optical system, we will then develop a process for converting the first-order layouts into imaging systems consisting of real aspheric surfaces.
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Adlén, Cecilia. "The Production Mirror : How an interactive interface can boost motivation for industrial workers." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76450.
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This master thesis concerns industrial workers’motivation and if it can be influenced by informationdissemination through an interactive interface. Focus hasbeen to research human motivators in theory to seehow these can be applied in an industrial environmentwith the hope of giving the workers a deeperknowledge of the company’s product and / or processand thus increasing her motivation. The project is basedon the assumption that an increased understanding intomore than what is limited by the worker’s tasks canhave a positive effect and strengthen his or her sense oftheir role in a wider context.The master thesis shows how a design process can beapplied to an organizational problem in industries,where the different phases of the process includeconcerned people repetitively to seek knowledge, ideasand solutions together with those who may be affectedby the results of the work.In industries today, the workload is usually distributedacross departments where staff are divided into teams.There is some circulation within the department but lesscommonly across departmental boundaries. This canlimit the worker’s perception of the entire process andresult in a detailed understanding of only a limited partof the process.Industry 4.0 is expected to be the solution for retrievingand retaining companies in Europe by building smartfactories with technology that allows the machines tocommunicate. Industry 4.0 is also expected to reduce thenumber who have work in industries, human interactionsand responsibilities. Which may have the negative effect offurther reinforcing one of today’s problems, the workerbeing further isolated from the process. Which are factorsthat, in theory, contribute to a reduced level of motivationand will therefore have a negative impact on their workaspirations.The work has been carried out with RISE Interactive inPiteå as client. RISE is part of our Swedish researchinstitute and works with user-centered technologicaldevelopment in many different industries.The degree project resulted in a large amount of ideas forhow work in industries could benefit from an interactiveinterface for disseminating information and knowledge.The final solution is presented in a stop motion movieshowing the solution that was chosen by industrialworkers. The solution shows how coloured lamps can beused to visualize progress-related information during thecourse of the work at the same time as it enables easycommunication between employees.Detta examensarbete handlar om industriarbetaresmotivation kan påverkas av informationsspridning genomett interaktivt gränssnitt. Fokus i detta arbete har legat påatt undersöka mänskliga motivatorer i teorin för att sehur dessa kan appliceras i en industriell miljö medförhoppning om att ge arbetaren en djupare kunskap omföretagets produkt och/eller process och således ökadennes förståelse för det dagliga arbetet som bedrivs inomföretaget. Projektet bygger på ett antagande om att enökad insikt och insyn i mer än vad som begränsas avarbetarens arbetsuppgifter kan ha en positiv effekt ochförstärka dennes känsla för sin roll i ett störresammanhang och även ge en ökad motivation.Arbetet redovisar också hur en designprocess kanappliceras på ett organisatoriskt problem inom industrier,där de olika faserna i processen inkluderar berördamänniskor repetitivt för att söka kunskap, idéer ochlösningar tillsammans med dem som kan tänkas bliberörda av arbetets resultat.På industrier idag är det vanligt att arbetet är fördelat överavdelningar där personalen är indelad i olika team där detförekommer viss arbetscirkulation inom avdelning menmindre vanligt över avdelningsgränser. Detta kan limiteraarbetarens uppfattning för hela processen och resultera i endetaljerad förståelse endast för en begränsad del avprocessen.Industri 4.0 förväntas vara lösningen på att hämta hem ochbehålla företag i Europa genom att bygga smarta fabrikermed teknik som tillåter maskinerna att kommunicera.Industri 4.0 förväntas även att minska antalet som jobbatinom industrier, mänskliga interaktioner och ansvar. Vilketkan ha den negativa effekten att förstärka en av dagensproblem ytterligare, arbetaren blir ytterligare isolerad ifrånprocessen. Vilket är faktorer som enligt teorin bidrar till enminskad motivationsnivå och kommer därför ha en negativpåverkan på deras arbetsambitioner.Arbetet har genomförts med RISE Interactive i Piteå somuppdragsgivare. RISE är en del av vårt svenskaforskningsinstitut och jobbar med användarcentreradteknisk utveckling inom många olika branscher.Examensarbetet resulterade i en stor idémängd för hurarbetet inom industrier skulle kunna dra nytta av ettinteraktivt gränssnitt för att sprida information ochkunskap. Den slutliga lösningen är presenterad i enstopmotion film som visar den lösningen som blev framröstad av industriarbetare. Lösningen visar hur färgadelampor kan användas för att synliggöra progressrelateradinformation under arbetets gång samtligt som det möjliggörenkel kommunikation mellan medarbetarna.
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Korolkov, Alexander. "The urban mirror : performative design: projected identity negotiation as social experience." Thesis, Konstfack, Experience Design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-2861.
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Soleymani, S. M. Ali. "Design and analysis of micro-mirror based tunable optical delay line." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81571.
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Optical delay line module is an important building block for advanced communication systems such as OCDMA and OTDMA. The past decade has seen a large research and development activity in this area.In this thesis, design and performance analysis of a tunable optical delay line which employs pop-up MEMS micro-mirrors have been described. The delay paths which their lengths are in binary fashion are free-space based delay lines. Micro-mirrors operate as a switch to redirect the light through delay paths. One of the main characteristic of this design is to provide constant optical power loss for different delay times. Computer simulations have been shown to evaluate the performance of the system to different sources of misalignments.
The result of simulations suggests using correction mirrors in order to decrease the optical power loss due to misalignment. It has been also concluded that improvement of pop-up micro-mirrors as a main source of misalignment, will alleviate the performance remarkably.
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Boulet, Michael Thomas. "Design of a small fast steering mirror for airborne and aerospace applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45955.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-181).
This thesis presents the analysis and design of a small advanced fast steering mirror (sAFSM) for airborne and aerospace platforms. The sAFSM provides feedback-controlled articulation of two rotational axes for precision optical pointing. The design, useful for both disturbance rejection and high-speed scanning applications, incorporates a flux steering actuator with a ring core magnetic configuration. The novel magnetic concept enables a dramatic size reduction compared with heritage systems. The moving armature is supported with a combination of elastomer sheets and active position control. Local angular and mirror-normal displacement is sensed with integrated capacitive sensors. Analysis content includes specification of performance requirements based on a realistic deep-space laser communication mission, magnetic equivalent circuit and three-dimensional magnetostatic finite element analysis of the actuator, and a 3D structural optimization of the moving armature modal frequencies. The resulting design is one iteration removed from a flight -ready model. The sAFSM hardware is in fabrication, and anticipated performance exceeds 10 krad/s2 angular acceleration, 10 mrad range, and 9 kHz closed-loop bandwidth.
by Michael Thomas Boulet.
S.M.
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Schwartz, Lawrence Scott. "Magnetic optical bearing (MOB) design for mirror wavelength scans in a spaceborne interferometer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11484.
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Daoud, Nouri Sabih. "Novel CMOS current mirrors design and their applications." Thesis, 1992. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/3787/1/MM87325.pdf.
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Hong, Pei-yuan, and 洪培元. "Design and Fabrication of Micro Deformable Cylindrical Mirrors." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16462640079631539171.
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碩士國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
89
A micro deformable cylindrical mirror which is electrostatically actuated to perform line focusing has been successfully designed, analyzed, fabricated, and measured in this thesis. The bimetallic effect is utilized to generate the stress-induced bending of a bi-layer mirror structure, which successfully formed a cylindrical reflective surface and can focus incident light into a line at its focal length. Electrostatic force is used to attract the structure downward and thus to change the focal length of the mirror. Simulated results show that the mirror has a larger focal length under a larger driving voltages. The micro deformable cylindrical mirror is fabricated using surface micromachining and the experimental results indicate that the focal length of the mirror with a reflective area of 300-micron square is 1819.21 without driving voltage. The micro deformable cylindrical mirror can be used to make up a double cylindrical mirror device which can perform point focusing.
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Huang, Ya-shih, and 黃雅詩. "Design of Concave Micro-mirrors and Optical Element Packaging." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97615518790796784983.
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碩士國立中央大學
物理研究所
90
In this dissertation, two kinds of concave micro-mirrors are designed. The off-axis micro-mirror is designed based on ray tracing for the fabrication on silicon substrate using e-beam writer and inductively coupled plasma. The aspect ratios of the surface relief of the diffractive micro-lenses and the micro-mirrors are compared to reduce the fabrication difficulty for the identical optical function. The results show that compared with the micro-lenses in SiO2 and GaN, the micro-mirrors are preferred to be fabricated than micro-lenses if their numerical apertures are lower than 0.6 and 0.2, respectively. Free space echelle grating is designed for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system. It is based on the law of Rowland. It is a hybrid of a concave micro-mirror and blazed gratings. The design of the concave micro-mirror can be carried out on silicon substrate using e-beam writer and plasma etching .The blazed grating can be achieved by fine V-groove etching. We also demonstrate a novel method to mount micro-opto-electronic devices on a Si bench. Inductively Coupled Plasma ( ICP ) and KOH etching and are performed for carrying out this novel method. The Si-based component after through wafer etching was picked by the optical fibers and placed on the optical bench. This can not only make X, Y, Z, θ and the tilt directions precisely controlled but also be suitable for all components mounting on the optical bench.
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Chiang, Sung-Hung, and 江松弘. "Design and Fabrication of micro mirrors, and their reflectivity analysis." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18121403753727784685.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
機械工程系所
97
This paper focuses on the design and manufacture of a micro-mirror, by means of Surface Micromachining, and the use of MENS to manufacture optical components of micro-mirror. The paper employs 8, 10, and 12 cantilever beams, which are gold-plated to act as the mirror’s reflective components. The curved mirror structure is created by overlapping two different materials of different expansion coefficients, which camber due to the residual stresses. The paper comprises both simulation and experimental analysis. The simulation employs of APILUX . APILUX is a design software package for the analysis of optics, which is used to simulate the cambering of the cantilever. Red laser and green laser were applied to mirror surface, where optic energy was lost due to reflection. Similarly, experimental measurements were made by applying the two lasers to the mirror surface, and using a optic energy apparatus to measure the loss of optic. This research method was developed in-house. The micro-mirror described may be used for any application that requires a reflective component.
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Chang, Tao-Ching, and 張道慶. "Examination of the Design of Micro Torsion-Mirrors by Simulation and Experiments." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97888011342317559595.
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碩士華梵大學
機電工程研究所
95
In this paper, the design of the micro cross torsion mirror is examined by using simulation and experiment. Two types of the micro torsion mirror device can be obtained through the processes of fabrication. In the analysis of simulation, the design of micro torsion mirrors can be constructed and modes and related resonant frequencies can be obtained and compared by using the finite element softwares COMSOL and ANSYS. In the experimental measurement, the laser holographic and white-light stroboscopic interferometries are used. The torsion and bending full-field modes can be obtained when the micro device is excited at the resonant frequency. Results obtained from the analysis of white-light stroboscopic interferometries are used in the optimal design of the micro cross torsion mirror. The finite element model of the micro cross torsion mirror in ANSYS can be updated by minimized the error of resonant frequencies. The results show the finite element updated model can be obtained by changing the thickness, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio of the micro cross torsion mirror. Errors of resonant frequencies between experimental measurement and simulation with an updated model can be improved to 1﹪.
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Lin, Yi-Jhih, and 林怡志. "Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Multilayer Mirrors for Extreme Ultra-Violet Lithography." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38199268323781156005.
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碩士國立交通大學
工學院加速器光源科技與應用碩士學位學程
101
In this study, we designed and simulated characteristics of EUV multilayer mirrors by our developed program at National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) and commercial Essential Macleod software. In addition, we fabricated Mo/Si multilayer mirrors at Instrument Technology Research Center (ITRC) by the magnetic sputter system, and measured their reflectances at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) by the ultrahigh-vacuum EUV reflectometer and the mega EUV reflectometer. Ru/Mo/B4C/Si multilayer with Ru capping layer and Mo/Si-Ru/Si double layer were proposed, and the reflectances of the designed structures could achieve 75% with 54 stacks. Mo/Si multilayer mirrors with 10, 20, 30, and 40 stacks were fabricated. EUV reflectance measurements at NSRRC by the ultrahigh-vacuum EUV reflectometer and the mega EUV reflectometer were conducted, respectively. The highest reflectance of our samples is 42.2 % with 40 stacks at 13.4 nm measured by the mega EUV reflectometer. Finally, we applied AFM, TEM, and XPS for structure observation and analysis.
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Xu, Xin-Yu, and 許欣瑜. "Design and Implementation of Double Fresnel Mirrors Systems Applied to 3D Display." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9utycs.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
光電工程系
106
The Mirascope is an optical apparatus constructed by double concave mirrors,which is used to project a real image of a small object . In this study, we replaced the concave mirrors by Fresnel mirrors to reduce the system volume and to increase the flexibility in changing the image magnification. The Fresnel mirrors were calculated based on the theory of geometrical optics. The simulations were conducted using optical software, Tracepro. Finally, the calculated mirrors were manufactured by 3D printing. We have completed a Mirascope with the magnification exceeding 1.5. The Mirascope was constructed by two Fresnel mirrors with focal lengths of 60 and 90mm and an aperture of 35mm diameter, which were separated by a distance of 90mm. Compared with the conventional Mirascope, the proposed Mirascope is not only compact in size and weight, but also flexible in the image magnification, resulting into a variety application to 3D display.
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Chen, Yung-Lin, and 陳永霖. "Design and Fabrication of Servo-Controlled CMOS-MEMS Micro-Mirrors for Optical Communication." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57249062086428463697.
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碩士國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
93
In order to deliver extremely high bandwidth in a single fiber, the vision for future optical communication is to build a WDM-based all-optical network, in which the large-scale optical switches are the most important constituent elements. In essence, a large-scale optical switch can handle network traffic of thousands of input/output ports, allowing any input signal to be routed to the desired output port. Micro-mirrors realized by MEMS technology are intended to replace the conventional optical-electrical-optical conversion by routing light signals using direct reflection. The purpose is to reduce the required power and overall cost. In order to reduce the transmitting light path and the signal insertion loss in this large-scale optical switching application, the 3D-rotating angle of each micro-mirror has to be increased. In this design, we choose closed-loop control to realize a stable large rotation for the 3D micro-mirrors. Based on issues such as design area, power consumption and ease of fabrication, most research efforts on large-scale optical switches adopt open-loop parallel-plate electrostatic actuation. We expect to use feedback control to extend the travelled range of a parallel-plate actuator beyond one-third of the initial gap. Extended travelled range by charge control has been reported to overcome the pull-in limit. However this method has to use complex circuit to overcome leakage current and charge injection without guaranteed long-term stability. The applied closed-loop control can also perform sensitivity in face of external disturbance reduction. A linear controller and a position sensor are used in the closed-loop system. The controller is used to stabilize the extended position beyond the pull-in, and a capacitive sensor is used to detect the position. The fabrication of the mirror is based on the CMOS-MEMS process in order to minimize signal attenuation due to the parasitic capacitance. This theses includes the analysis and simulation of the actuator、the sensor and the servo-controller. The measurements of wet etching and dry etching, posting the CMOS process, verify the released structures.
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Huang, Chien-Zhou, and 黃建智. "An Analysis and Design of the Mold of the Car-Light Reflection Mirrors." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gm9td9.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
光電與材料科技研究所
102
UP-MD + GF there is another name for the BMC Bulk Molding Compound (dough molding material) the abbreviated name. BMC main component a resin (such as unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, etc.), glass fiber, fillers and various additives. UP-MD + GF in a wide range of industrial applications, such as medical equipment, drain cover,Electronic products, electrical appliances and automotive industry and so on. In the light industrial, UP-MD + GF most Been compared with the use of mirrors in the headlights. This study aims to analyze the UP-MD + GF component characteristics, and its application in the lamp reflector when the injection molding process due to various objective environmental factors, with its mold design, mold forming flesh explore distribution, breathable structure mold design, mold heating rods Watt setting, mold Sensor temperature distribution, injection into the discharge port design and injection molding machine conditions set by CAE tools used in RIM (Reactive InjectionMolding) manufacturing process. By simulation of the operation can be carried out for the project design changes, evaluate the product package and the overall shape of the wind resistance. In the mold flow analysis, the data obtained, the actual results to make the final verification light distribution, in order to import the future mold design standards.
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Huang, Hsin-Che, and 黃信哲. "Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of High-Reflectance Multilayer Mirrors for Extreme Ultra-Violet Lithography." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fft53b.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
工學院加速器光源科技與應用碩士學位學程
102
In this study, we designed and simulated characteristics of High-Reflectance EUV multilayer mirrors. We fabricated multilayer mirrors and designed a capping layer above the multilayer mirror. The program developed at National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) and commercial Essential Macleod software were used for our design and simulations. Si/Mo multilayer mirrors at Instrument Technology Research Center (ITRC) were fabricated by the magnetic sputter system, and their reflectances were measured at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) by the mega EUV reflectometer. All multilayer mirrors with Ru as the capping layer we fabricated. Based on simulations, the reflectance of our designed multilayer mirror is 72.65%. The highest reflectance of our fabricated samples was 64.11 % with 40 stacks measured by the mega EUV reflectometer. Finally, we applied AFM, TEM, and Optical Profile for structure observation and analysis.
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Gupta, Parnika, and Parnika Gupta. "Coupling Design for Packaging III-V laser with SOI Photonic Chips using Semiconductor Micro-Mirrors." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j45pya.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
107
The integration of active and passive devices has been instrumental in achieving hybrid silicon laser as well as optical interconnects. In this thesis, the integration of active III-V laser and Silicon-On-Insulator Photonic Integrated Circuits through micro-mirror has been proposed. The micro-mirror is required to attain the phase matching with the grating coupler on the PIC surface. The light emitted by the III-V laser is input into the concave micro-mirror with alignment conditions such that the light reflected from the micro-mirror can be coupled into the grating coupler. The initial part of the thesis shows the simulation for coupling light using the FDTD wave propagation as well as Ray-tracing models. The FDTD modeling shows the highest coupling efficiency of 64% using an apodized grating coupler. The apodized grating thickness has been designed as 520 nm with an etch depth of 220 nm using the polysilicon overlay technique. The output waveguide thickness has been designed to be the standard 220 nm thickness for single-mode transmission. The Ray Tracing Model has been used to study the free space light propagation and reflection characteristics of the concave mirror. The laser source position has been designed to be 150 μm away from the concave mirror center and 167 μm away from the center of the concave mirror, near the edge of the 200 μm diameter mirror. The coupled power in this ray-tracing model has been computed to be 40.859% when the detector is at a distance of 100μm from the mirror edge. The thesis also presents the fabrication method of the semiconductor concave micro-mirror which includes the combination of V-groove fabrication and BCB coating followed by gold deposition on the top surface. The V-groove fabrication is achieved through the traditional anisotropic etching method followed by BCB spin coating in the V-grooves. Different BCB spin-coating parameters have been investigated for three different chips to determine the best mirror surface followed by gold deposition to make it a reflecting surface. Towards the end of the thesis, we have characterized this mirror surface using the 650 nm as well as the 1550 nm incident beam. The best incident angle for the detector surface so far has been 10.8 ± 2 degrees with a consistent beam spot size. The beam profiler measurements show that the highest power of the output beam with uniform Gaussian distribution has been achieved with mirror 2. The surface profile measurement for mirror 2 also concludes this result with a uniform curvature of the concave mirror along both sides of the center.