Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Miroirs plasma'
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Chopineau, Ludovic. "Physique attoseconde relativiste sur miroirs plasmas." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS132/document.
Full textWhen an ultra-intense femtosecond laser beam [Iʟ > 10¹⁶ W/cm²] is focused on a solid target, the surface becomes completely ionized during the first optical cycles of the laser pulse. Due to their solid-like density and to their limited expansion into the vacuum such plasmas specularly reflect these pulses, just like ordinary mirrors do for low intensity. These plasmas are now used in many scientific applications like particle acceleration by laser light as well as high-order harmonic generation, associated to a train of attosecond pulses in the time domain. Nevertheless, to favor these emissions of light or particle, the energy transfert between the incident field and the dense plasma is crucial. The aim of this thesis is to better understand these interactions through the characterization of high-order harmonics and relativistic electron beams generated on plasma mirrors. We reported in this manuscript the first detailed experimental and numerical study of the coupling mechanisms involved between an ultra-intense laser light [Iʟ > 10¹⁸ W/cm²] and a dense plasma, and more specifically as a function of the gradient scale length Lg. These results enabled to identify two different regimes, clarifying some physical issues. Furthermore, beyond these fondamental aspects, the control of these sources is essential, particularly for futures pump-probe experiments or new spectroscopies. For that, several approaches have been studied to temporally and spatially shape these ultra-short light pulses, thus opening up new perspectives for these sources. We demonstrate in particular the generation of intense XUV vortex beam either by spatially shaping the incident IR field or the dense plasma created at the target surface as well as controlling the electron dynamics on the attosecond time scale with relativistic two-color waveforms. Finally, an innovative method based on in-situ ptychographic measurements has been developed to simultaneously characterize in time and space these ultrashort XUV light pulses, constituting one of the major challenges of the community
Leblanc, Adrien. "Miroirs et réseaux plasmas en champs lasers ultra-intenses : génération d’harmoniques d’ordre élevé et de faisceaux d’électrons relativistes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS384/document.
Full textWhen focusing an ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulse [I>10¹⁶W/cm²] onto a solid target, this target is ionized at the very beginning of the laser pulse. The resulting dense plasma then reflects the laser in the specular direction: it is a plasma mirror. The ultra-intense laser field can accelerate electrons within the plasma at relativistic speeds. Some are ejected towards the vacuum and these plasma mirrors are therefore sources of relativistic electron beams. Moreover, at each optical cycle they radiate in the form of extreme ultraviolet light, resulting in the generation of high-order harmonics of the laser frequency (HHG). The objective of this PhD is to understand laser-plasma interaction though the characterization of high-order harmonics and relativistic electron beams generated from plasma mirrors. The first part deals with harmonic beam measurement. Due to the extreme physical conditions during the interaction, detection can only be performed at macroscopic distance from target. Thus, the characterization of the harmonic beams’ angular properties (carried out as a function of interaction conditions in previous works) only provides partial information on the interaction itself. A technique of coherent diffraction imaging, named ptychography, which consists of diffracting a probe onto an object, is transposed to HHG on plasma mirrors by optically micro-structuring the plasma on a target surface. Harmonic fields are then reconstructed spatially in amplitude and phase directly in the target plane. Thanks to this measurement in different interaction conditions, previously developed theoretical analytical models in non-relativistic regime [I<10¹⁸W/cm²] and relativistic regime [I>10¹⁸W/cm²] are experimentally validated. The second part of the PhD is dedicated to the experimental characterization of angular and spectral properties of relativistic electron beams. A theoretical and numerical study shows that this constitutes the first clear observation of vacuum laser acceleration (VLA). Finally, a simultaneous study of harmonic and electron signals highlights a strong correlation between both processes in the relativistic regime
LUTRIN, FRANCOISE. "Etude experimentale de la refraction x-uv par un plasma laser : strioscopie x-uv a l'aide de miroirs multicouches." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112224.
Full textLe, Guern Frédéric. "Etude experimentale et modelisation de l'endommagement de miroirs multicouches x soumis a de hauts flux de rayonnement x dans le cadre d'experiences plasma-laser." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066240.
Full textBonnand, Romain. "Le détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles Advanced Virgo : Étude de la configuration optique et développement des miroirs." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797350.
Full textCAUCHON, GILLES. "Imagerie x a haute resolution spatiale de plasma dans la region 1. 5 kev a l'aide de lentilles de bragg-fresnel gravees sur miroirs interferentiels multicouches." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112335.
Full textKaur, Jaismeen. "Development of an intense attosecond source based on relativistic plasma mirrors at high repetition rate." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAE007.
Full textThe experimental work presented in this manuscript was carried out at Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée (LOA, Palaiseau, France) on a compact kHz multi-mJ energy laser system capable of delivering waveform-controlled near-single-cycle pulses. The first part of this work is focused on improving the performance of this laser source by integrating a cryogenically-cooled multi-pass amplifier in the laser chain in order to increase the output energy, enhance the laser waveform stability, making the laser source more stable and reliable, and with more overall reproducible day-to-day performance. Furthermore, we explore laser post-compression and temporal contrast enhancement in a multipass cell. In the future, this post-compression scheme when power-scaled and integrated into the laser chain will further enhance the focused pulse intensity for experiments.The second part of this work focuses on using the laser system to drive relativistic plasma mirrors on the surface of initially-solid targets to generate highly energetic particle beams (ions and electrons) and harmonic radiation in the extreme ultraviolet region, corresponding to attosecond pulses (1 as = 10-18 s) in the time domain. We could produce relativistic electron beams by localized injection of electrons into the nonlinearly reflected laser field by the plasma mirror. Additionally, we could generate nearly-collimated MeV-class proton beams in a controlled pump-probe experiment. By stabilizing the waveform of the driving laser pulses, we could temporally gate the interaction process on the target surface and produce isolated attosecond pulses. We performed a comprehensive parameter study to fully characterize and optimize the spatio-spectral properties of the emitted XUV attosecond pulses, laying the groundwork for their refocusing for applications
Hecquet, Christophe. "Conception, réalisation et métrologie de miroirs multicouches pour l'extrême ultraviolet résistants aux environnements du spatial et des sources EUV." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00387144.
Full textLes travaux présentés portent sur la conception, la réalisation et la métrologie de miroirs multicouches périodiques. La motivation principale de cette étude est de mettre en place un cycle de développement prenant en compte à la fois les propriétés optiques du pouvoir réflecteur des revêtements réfléchissants (réflectivité, sélectivité spectrale, atténuation) mais aussi l'environnement d'utilisation des optiques.
Afin d'améliorer les propriétés de sélectivité spectrale, de nouvelles structures multicouches périodiques ont été développées. Elles se caractérisent par un pouvoir réflecteur qui réfléchit bien deux régions spectrales ajustables et introduit des atténuations paramétrables.
L'effet de l'environnement sur la stabilité des performances est particulièrement critique pour les optiques de collection. L'ajout de matériaux barrières a permis de stabiliser les performances du pic de réflectivité pendant plus de 200 h à 400°C et de réduire l'influence des autres facteurs d'instabilité sur le pouvoir réflecteur.
De plus, toutes les structures réalisées ont été évaluées avec succès en environnements climatiques sévères.
Monchocé, Sylvain. "Contrôle et métrologie de la génération d'harmoniques sur miroir plasma." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112344.
Full textWhen an ultra intense femtosecond laser with high contrast is focused on a solid target, the laser field at focus is sufficient enough to completely ionize the target surface during the rising edge of the laser pulse and form a plasma. This dense plasma entirely reflects the incident beam in the specular direction: this is a so-called plasma mirror. As the interaction between the laser and the plasma mirror is highly non-linear, it thus leads to the high harmonic generation (HHG) in the reflected beam. In the temporal domain, this harmonic spectrum is associated to a train of attosecond pulses.The aim of my PhD were to experimentally control this HHG and to measure the properties of the harmonics. We first studied the optimization of the harmonic signal, and then the spatial characterization of the harmonic beam in the far-field (harmonic divergence). These characterizations are not only important to develop an intense XUV/attosecond light source, but also to get a better understanding of the laser-matter interaction at very high intensity. We have thus been able to get crucial information of the electrons and ions dynamics of the plasma, showing that the harmonics can also be used as a diagnostic of the laser-plasma interaction.We then developed a new general approach for optically-controlled spatial structuring of overdense plasmas generated at the surface of initially plain solid targets. We demonstrate it experimentally by creating sinusoidal plasma gratings of adjustable spatial periodicity and depth, and study the interaction of these transient structures with an ultraintense laser pulse to establish their usability atrelativistically high intensities. We then show how these gratings can be used as a `spatial ruler' to determine the source size of the high-order harmonic beams roduced at the surface of an overdense plasma. These results open new directions both for the metrology of laser-plasma interactions and the emerging field of ultrahigh intensity plasmonics
Borot, Antonin. "Génération d'impulsions attosecondes sur miroir plasma à très haute cadence." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00787912.
Full textThaury, Cédric. "Génération d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés sur miroir plasma." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335261.
Full textAu cours de cette thèse, nous avons prouvé que lorsque l'éclairement laser est de l'ordre de $10^{19}Wcm^{-2}$, deux mécanismes peuvent contribuer à la génération d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés sur miroir plasma : l'émission cohérente de sillage et l'émission relativiste. Ces deux mécanismes ont été étudiés à la fois théoriquement et expérimentalement.
Nous avons ainsi montré que, grâce à des propriétés très différentes, les harmoniques générées par ces deux processus peuvent être distinguées expérimentalement, sans ambiguïté. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux propriétés de phase spectrales et spatiales des harmoniques. Enfin, nous avons illustré comment exploiter la cohérence des mécanismes de génération pour obtenir des informations sur la dynamique électronique du plasma.
Vincenti, Henri Paul. "Génération d'impulsions attosecondes sur miroir plasma relativiste." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00787281.
Full textThaury, Cédric. "Génération d’harmoniques d’ordres élevés sur miroir plasma." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112322.
Full textWhen an intense laser beam is focused on a solid target, its surface is rapidly ionized and forms a dense plasma that reflects the incident field. For laser intensities above few 1015Wcm-2, high order harmonics of the laser frequency, associated in the time domain to a train of attosecond pulses (1as = 10-18s), can be generated upon this reflection. Because such a plasma mirror can be used with arbitrarily high laser intensities, this process should eventually lead to the production of very intense pulses in the X-ray domain. In this thesis, we demonstrate that for laser intensities about 1019Wcm-2, two mechanisms can contribute to the generation of high order harmonics: the coherent wake emission and the relativistic emission. These two mechanisms are studied both theoretically and experimentally. In particular, we show that, thanks to very different properties, the harmonics generated by these two processes can be unambiguously distinguished experimentally. We then investigate the phase properties of the harmonic, in the spectral and in the spatial domain. Finally, we illustrate how to exploit the coherence of the generation mechanisms to get information on the dynamics of the plasma electrons
George, Hervé. "Génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé sur miroir plasma." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112304.
Full textWhen an intense laser beam is focused on a solid target, the target's surface is rapidly ionized and forms dense plasma that reflects the incident field. For laser intensities above few 10 to the power of 15 Wcm-2, high order harmonics of the laser frequency, associated in the time domain to a train of attosecond pulses (1 as = 10 to the power of -18 s), can be generated upon this reflection. Ln this thesis, we developed numerical tools to reveal original aspects of harmonic generation mechanisms in three different interaction regime: the coherent wake emission, the relativistic emission and the resonant absorption. Ln particular, we established the role of these mechanisms when the target is a very thin foil (thickness of the order of 100 nm). Then we study experimentally the spectral, spatial and coherence properties of the emitted light. We illustrate how to exploit these measurements to get information on the plasma mirror dynamics on the femtosecond and attosecond time scales. Last, we propose a technique for the single-shot complete characterization of the temporal structure of the harmonic light emission from the laser-plasma mirror interaction
Vincenti, Henri. "Génération d'impulsions attosecondes sur miroir plasma relativiste." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/78/72/81/PDF/manuscrit.pdf.
Full textWhen an ultra intense femtosecond laser ($$I>10^{16}W. Cm^{-2}$$) with high contrast is focused on a solid target, the laser field at focus is high enough to completely ionize the target surface during the rising edge of the laser pulse and form a plasma. This plasma is so dense (the electron density is of the order of hundred times the critical density) that it completely reflects the incident laser beam in the specular direction: this is the so-called " plasma mirror ". When laser intensity becomes very high, the non-linear response of the plasma mirror to the laser field periodically deforms the incident electric field leading to high harmonic generation in the reflected beam. In the temporal domain this harmonic spectrum is associated to a train of attosecond pulses. The goals of my PhD were to get a better comprehension of the properties of harmonic beams produced on plasma mirrors and design new methods to control theses properties, notably in order to produce isolated attosecond pulses instead of trains. Initially, we imagined and modeled the first realistic technique to generate isolated attosecond on plasma mirrors. This brand new approach is based on a totally new physical effect: "the attosecond lighthouse effect". Its principle consists in sending the attosecond pulses of the train in different directions and selects one of these pulses by putting a slit in the far field. Despites its simplicity, this technique is very general and applies to any high harmonic generation mechanisms. Moreover, the attosecond lighthouse effect has many other applications (e. G in metrology). In particular, it paves the way to attosecond pump-probe experiments. Then, we studied the spatial properties of these harmonics, whose control and characterization are crucial if one wants to use this source in future application experiments. For instance, we need to control very precisely the harmonic beam divergence in order to achieve the attosecond lighthouse effect and get isolated attosecond pulses. At very high intensities, the plasma mirror dents and gets curved by the inhomogeneous radiation pressure of the laser field at focus. The plasma mirror surface thus acts as a curved surface, which focuses the harmonic beam in front of the target and fixes its spatial properties. We developed a fully analytical and predictive model for the surface deformation, thanks to which we are now able to calculate very easily the spatial properties of the generated harmonic beams. We validated this model through hundreds of 1D and 2D PIC simulations
Bocoum, Maïmouna. "Harmonic and electron generation from laser-driven plasma mirrors." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX023/document.
Full textThe experimental work presented in this manuscript focuses on the non-linear response of plasma mirrors when driven by a sub-relativistic (~10^18 W/cm^2) ultra-short (~30fs) laser pulse. In particular, we studied the generation of attosecond pulses (1as=10^(-18) s) and electron beams from plasma mirror generated in controlled pump-probe experiment. One first important result exposed in this manuscript is the experimental observation of the anticorrelated emission behavior between high-order harmonics and electron beams with respect to plasma scale length. The second important result is the presentation of the « spatial domain interferometry » (SDI) diagnostic, developed during this PhD to measure the plasma expansion in vacuum. Finally, we will discuss the implementation of phase retrieval algorithms for both spatial and temporal phase reconstructions.From a more general point of view, we replace this PhD in its historical context. We hope to convince the reader that through laser-plasma mirror interaction schemes, we could tomorrow conceive cost-efficient X-UV and energetic electron sources with unprecedented temporal resolutions
Blaclard, Guillaume. "Ultra-High Intense Laser on Dense Plasmas : from Periodic to Chaotic Dynamics." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS133.
Full textThe advent of high power femtosecond lasers has paved the way to a promising and still largely unexplored branch of physics called Ultra-High Intensity physics (UHI). Once such a laser is focused on a solid target, the laser intensity I₀ can reach values as large as 10¹⁸⁻²⁰ W.cm⁻², for which matter is fully ionized. The plasma thus formed expands towards vacuum on a spatial scale characterized by a quantity Lg called the density gradient scale length. When Lg << λ₀ (laser wavelength), the dense plasma therefore acts as an optical mirror that specularly reflects the incident light: it is a plasma mirror. This remarkable physical system can be used in many scientific applications as compact source of high-energy and high-charge particle beams (electrons, ions) or bright source of radiations ranging from extreme ultraviolet-rays to X-rays through high harmonic generation processes. In order to finely control these sources, it is required to properly identify the different coupling mechanisms between light and matter at play during the interaction. In this manuscript, this has been made possible by performing accurate Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations with the WARP+PXR code. This recently developed code advances Maxwell’s equations in Fourier space, which proves to correctly model harmonic/electron emissions that standard codes fail to accurate describe even at high resolution. Based on WARP+PXR PIC simulations, we investigate the influence of Lg on the experimentally observed emission of light and particles, when a high-power laser pulse (I₀ = 10¹⁹ W.cm⁻²) reflects off a dense plasma. Our study reveals an unambiguous transition from a temporally periodic mechanism to a chaotic process as the interface becomes smoother. In particular, the latter mechanism, named stochastic heating, is fully characterized as well as its domain of validity in terms of laser-plasma parameters. In this regime, electrons in the underdense part of the gradient are exposed to the standing wave formed in front of the overcritical part of the plasma by superposition of incidence and reflected beams. While evolving in the two waves, electrons behave chaotically and absorb an important fraction of the laser energy. The nature of the interaction is revealed by reducing the equations of motion of particles in two waves to physical systems, such Kapitza’s pendulum, well-known to exhibit chaos. That correspondence gives deep physical intuitions on how electrons behave in different laser configurations, which allows us to predict major features of stochastic heating
Böhle, Frederik. "Near-single-cycle laser for driving relativistic plasma mirrors at kHz repetition rate - development and application." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX116/document.
Full textVery short light pulses allow us to resolve ultrafast processes in molecules, atoms and condensed matter. This started with the advent of Femtochemistry, for which Ahmed Zewail received the Novel Prize in Chemistry in 1999. Ever since, researcher have been trying to push the temporal resolution further and we have now reached attosecond pulse durations. Their generation, however, remains very challenging and various different generation mechanisms are the topic of heated research around the world.Our group focuses on attosecond pulse generation and ultrashort electron bunch acceleration on solid targets. In particular, this thesis deals with the upgrade of a high intensity, high contrast, kHz, femtosecond laser chain to reach the relativistic interaction regime on solid targets. Few cycle driving laser pulses should allow the generation of intense isolated attosecond pulses. A requirement to perform true attosecond pump-probe exeriments.To achive this, a HCF postcompression scheme has been conceived and implemented to shorten the duration of a traditional laser amplifier. With this a peak intensity of 1TW was achieved with near-single-cycle pulse duration. For controlled experiments, a vacuum beamline was developed and implemented to accurately control the laser and plasma conditions on target.During the second part of this thesis, this laser chain was put in action to drive relativistic harmonic generation on solid targets. It was the first time ever that this has been achieved at 1 kHz. By CEP gating the few-cycle-pulses, single attosecond pulses were generated. This conclusion has been supported by numerical simulations. Additionally a new regime to accelerate electron bunches on soft gradients has been detected
Doumy, Gilles. "Interaction laser matière à haut flux et fort contraste temporel." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012038.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous avons tout d'abord caractérisé, expérimentalement et théoriquement, un dispositif améliorant le contraste temporel de l'impulsion : le Miroir Plasma. Celui-ci consiste à focaliser l'impulsion sur une cible diélectrique de sorte que le piédestal est transmis, alors que l'impulsion principale est réfléchie par le plasma surcritique formé à la surface. Son installation sur le laser UHI 10 (CEA Saclay –10 TW– 60 fs) nous a alors permis d'étudier l'interaction d'impulsions ultra-intenses à fort contraste temporel avec des cibles solides.
Dans un premier temps, nous avons réussi à générer des plasmas denses résultant de l'interaction directe de l'impulsion principale avec des cibles minces (100 nm). Leur caractérisation a été réalisée au moyen d'une source XUV obtenue par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé dans un jet de gaz rare.
Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié expérimentalement le phénomène de génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé sur cible solide, encore mal compris, mais qui potentiellement fournira une nouvelle source XUV ultra-courte et intense.
Kallala, Haithem. "Massively parallel algorithms for realistic PIC simulations of ultra high intensity laser-plasma interaction, application to attosecond pulses separation of Doppler harmonics." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS052.
Full textThe complexity of the physical mechanisms involved in ultra-high intensity laser-plasma interaction requires the use of particularly heavy PIC simulations. At the heart of these computational codes, high-order pseudo-spectral Maxwell solvers have many advantages in terms of numerical accuracy. This numerical approach comes however with an expensive computational cost. Indeed, existing parallelization methods for pseudo-spectral solvers are only scalable to few tens of thousands of cores, or induce an important memory footprint, which also hinders the scaling of the method at large scales. In this thesis, we developed a novel, arbitrarily scalable, parallelization strategy for pseudo-spectral Maxwell's equations solvers which combines the advantages of existing parallelization techniques. This method proved to be more scalable than previously proposed approaches, while ensuring a significant drop in the total memory use.By capitalizing on this computational work, we conducted an extensive numerical and theoretical study in the field of high order harmonics generation on solid targets. In this context, when an ultra-intense (I>10¹⁶W.cm⁻²) ultra-short (few tens of femtoseconds) laser pulse irradiates a solid target, a reflective overdense plasma mirror is formed at the target-vacuum interface. The subsequent laser pulse non linear reflection is accompanied with the emission of coherent high order laser harmonics, in the form of attosecond X-UV light pulses (1 attosecond = 10⁻¹⁸s). For relativistic laser intensities (I>10¹⁹ W.cm⁻²), the plasma surface is curved under the laser radiation pressure. And the plasma mirror acts as a focusing optics for the radiated harmonic beam. In this thesis, we investigated feasible ways for producing isolated attosecond light pulses from relativistic plasma-mirror harmonics, with the so called attosecond lighthouse effect. This effect relies introducing a wavefront rotation on the driving laser pulse in order to send attosecond pulses emitted during different laser optical cycles along different directions. In the case of high order harmonics generated in the relativistic regime, the plasma mirror curvature significantly increases the attosecond pulses divergence and prevents their separation with the attosecond lighthouse scheme. For this matter, we developed two harmonic divergence reduction techniques, based on tailoring the laser pulse phase or amplitude profiles in order to significantly inhibit the plasma mirror focusing effect and allow for a clear separation of attosecond light pulses by reducing the harmonic beam divergence. Furthermore, we developed an analytical model to predict optimal interaction conditions favoring attosecond pulses separation. This model was fully validated with 2D and 3D PIC simulations over a broad range of laser and plasma parameters. In the end, we show that under realistic laser and plasma conditions, it is possible to produce isolated attosecond pulses from Doppler harmonics
Emprin, Benoit. "Développement d'optiques multicouches pour la spectrométrie X large bande du rayonnement émis par les plasmas." Thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IOTA0014/document.
Full textWithin the framework of the research on inertial confinement fusion, the “Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives” has studied and implemented an absolute calibrated time-Resolved broadband soft x-Ray spectrometer, called “Diagnostic de Mesure du rayonnement X”. This diagnostic, composed of 20 measurement channels, measures the emitted radiant power from a laser created plasma in the range from 50 eV to 20 keV. We have developed additional measurement channels to obtain redundancy and an improvement in measurement accuracy. The principle of these new channels is based on an original concept to obtain spectral bounded flat-Responses. Two channels have been developed for the 2 – 4 keV and 4 – 6 keV spectral ranges, using aperiodic multilayer mirrors made at the “Laboratoire Charles Fabry” with Cr/Sc and Ni/W/SiC/W layers respectively. These mirrors were characterized at synchrotron radiation facilities and integrated into the spectrometer. The two new channels were used during laser-Plasma experimental campaigns at the OMEGA laser facility in Rochester (USA). This allowed us to determine directly the radiant power with only one measurement within a certain spectral band, and with a better precision when compared with using standard channels. The results, in good agreement with the standard measurement channels, allowed us to validate the use of aperiodic multilayer mirrors for X-Ray broadband spectrometry
Le, Moal Eric. "Développement et organisation de nanostructures : applications à l'exaltation des processus optiques pour la Biologie." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164549.
Full textdes fluorophores a été étudiée par la modélisation puis l'expérience, en fonction de la distance fluorophore-métal et de l'orientation moléculaire. Une amplification d'un à deux ordres de grandeur du signal détecté est observée, ainsi qu'une photostabilisation des fluorophores et une modification des transferts d'énergie intermoléculaires. Nous
démontrons l'intérêt de cette technologie pour améliorer la sensibilité dans les puces à ADN et pour l'imagerie des cellules et des tissus.
Guédon, Philippe. "Etude de systèmes optiques pour l'analyse directe, en temps réel et en parallèle, d'interactions biomoléculaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00731820.
Full textToanen, Vincent. "Plasmons Tamm pour la réalisation de nouvelles sources de lumière." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYO10049.
Full textTamm plasmons, or optical Tamm states, are electromagnetic modes that exist at the interface between a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) and a metallic layer. They are of high interest for the design of new light sources, thanks to the metallic part, which can provide 3D confinement and control of the optical mode but also electrical injection of the structure, in order to excite light emitters. Many light emitting devices could be realised using this dual function, such as integrated polarised light sources, surface plasmon generators or large-scale addressable laser arrays. This PhD work mainly consisted in pushing Tamm light emitting devices towards applicability, with the development of their room-temperature operation and electrical pumping, as opposed to previous demonstrations which were carried out under cryogenic temperature and optical pumping. Semiconducting heterostructures based on ternary alloys of AlGaAs were used for this development, but our results are highly transposable to other families of materials. The first part of this work focused on obtaining a laser effect at room temperature. By improving the structure with the insertion of a low-index layer between the semiconductor DBR and the metal, the ohmic losses in the metal were reduced, thus enabling lasing operation at room temperature. The second part of this work was about achieving the electrical injection of Tamm-based light sources. Starting from a doped DBR with quantum wells, we developed two processes, mostly based on cleanroom microfabrication techniques, to enable electrical injection. The first one, inspired by common microfabrication techniques, has not proved to be successful, due to the degradation of the DBR surface by some standard fabrication steps, and to the strong sensitivity of the Tamm plasmon to the surface composition of the DBR. Therefore, we developed a second method. Its originality lies in a permanent protection of the part of the DBR on which the metallic element will be deposited to form the Tamm mode and inject electrical current. This new method allowed the fabrication of the first light-emitting diodes based on Tamm mode emission. With electro-optical measurements, we demonstrated the excitation of the Tamm plasmon state through electrical pumping of the quantum wells, and proved the possibility to use a single metallic element to confine the optical mode and bring charge carriers into the structure. These results are an important step towards the development of new integrated light emitting devices using Tamm modes
Leontyev, Anton. "Laser decontamination and cleaning of metal surfaces : modelling and experimental studies." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661695.
Full textBertin, Hervé. "Etude de matrices de filtres Fabry Pérot accordables en technologie MOEMS intégré 3D : Application à l’imagerie multispectrale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112132/document.
Full textMultispectral imaging is used to improve target detection and identification in monitoring applications. It consists in analyzing images of the same scene simultaneously recorded in several spectral bands owing to a filtering. This thesis investigates the possibility to realize, an array of four 3D integrated Fabry-Perot (FP) filters that are tunable in the visible-near infrared range by electrostatic actuation. The fixed mirrors of the FP filters are ZnS/YF₃ multilayers deposited on a borosilicate wafer, and the movable mirrors are PECVD SiNH/SiOH multilayer membranes clamped in a very compact movable structure micromachined in a Si wafer. A 3rd glass wafer is used for filters packaging. Optical performances of the FP filters have been optimized by taking into account the asymmetry and the reflection phase shift of the mirrors and the mobile structure has been modeled by finite elements analysis notably to minimize its deformation during actuation. The critical steps of the movable mirrors fabrication process in Si or SOI technology have been developed : i) the fabrication and the release by DRIE and XeF₂ etching of 8 or 12 layers membranes with a residual stress tunable by annealing and a reflectance close to 50% in broad wavelength range (570-900nm), ii) the control with temporary patterns of the simultaneous deep etching of patterns with different widths and depths, and iv) various patterning techniques on highly structured surfaces based on shadow masks (with mechanical alignment) or laminated photosensitive dry films. These results open the way towards the full realization of an array of 3D integrated FP filters