Academic literature on the topic 'MiR-409-3p'

Cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of numerous chronic cardiovascular diseases that leads to heart failure. However, there is no validated therapy for it. Dysregulation of microRNAs has been confirmed to be involved in cardiac fibrosis development. However, the regulatory network was not well explored. This study was the first to highlight the role and molecular mechanism of miR-409-3p in cardiac fibrosis. We found that miR-409-3p was consistently increased in three fibrotic models, including heart tissues of postmyocardial infarction (MI) mice and neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Furthermore, myocardial infarction surgery-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction were attenuated by systemic delivery of miR-409-3p antagomir. Notably, transfection with miR-409-3p mimics promoted the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation, accompanied by upregulated expression of Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-SMA. On the contrary, the miR-409-3p inhibitor exhibited the opposite effect. Following this, we verified Gpd1 as a direct target of miR-409-3p. Gpd1 siRNA abolished the antifibrotic effect of miR-409-3p inhibitor in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts, suggesting that miR-409-3p promotes cardiac fibrosis at least partially through Gpd1. Moreover, GATA2 was identified as a cardiac fibrosis-associated upstream positive transcription factor of miR-409-3p. Finally, these findings suggest that modulating miR-409-3p could be a potential therapeutic method for cardiac fibrosis.

Prostate carcinoma (PC) is a disease of the male genitourinary system and a relatively common malignant tumor. In order to investigate the disparities in the expression of microRNA-323 (miR-323), microRNA-409-3p (miR-409-3p), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in prostate carcinoma with different clinicopathological features and analyze their correlation with prognosis. Thirty-two sufferers with prostate carcinoma and forty-three sufferers with benign prostatic hyperplasia are included. The results show that the detection of miR-323, miR-409-3p, and VEGF scales can provide reference value for clinical guidance of prostate carcinoma prognosis.

Equine chromosome 24 microRNA cluster (C24MC), the ortholog of human C14MC, is a pregnancy-related miRNA cluster. This cluster is believed to be implicated in embryonic, fetal, and placental development. The current study aimed to characterize the expression profile of this cluster in maternal circulation throughout equine gestation. The expression profile of miRNAs belonging to this cluster was analyzed in the serum of non-pregnant (diestrus), pregnant (25 d, 45 d, 4 mo, 6 mo, 10 mo), and postpartum mares. Among the miRNAs examined, 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed across the analyzed time-points. Four of these miRNAs (eca-miR-1247-3p, eca-miR-134-5p, eca-miR-382-5p, and eca-miR-433-3p) were found to be enriched in the serum of pregnant mares at Day 25 relative to non-pregnant mares. To further assess the accuracy of these miRNAs in differentiating pregnant (25 d) from non-pregnant mares, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for each of these miRNAs, revealing that eca-miR-1247-3p and eca-miR-134-5p had the highest accuracy (AUCROC = 0.92 and 0.91, respectively; p < 0.05). Moreover, eca-miR-1247-3p, eca-miR-134-5p, eca-miR-409-3p, and eca-miR-379-5p were enriched in the serum of Day 45 pregnant mares. Among those miRNAs, eca-miR-1247-3p and eca-miR-409-3p retained the highest accuracy as shown by ROC analysis. GO analysis revealed that these miRNAs are mainly implicated in nervous system development as well as organ development. Using in situ hybridization, we localized eca-miR-409-3p in the developing embryo (25 d) and extra-embryonic membranes (25 and 45 d). In conclusion, the present study is the first to elucidate the circulating maternal profile of C24MC-associated miRNAs throughout pregnancy and to suggest that serum eca-miR-1247-3p, eca-miR-134-5p, and eca-miR-409-3p could be used as pregnancy-specific markers during early gestation (25 and 45 d). Overall, the high abundance of these embryo-derived miRNAs in the maternal circulation suggests an embryo-maternal communication during the equine early pregnancy.

Postprandial lipemia has many physiopathological effects, some of which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be found in almost all biological fluids, but their postprandial kinetics are poorly described. We aimed to profile circulating miRNAs in response to a fat challenge. In total, 641 circulating miRNAs were assessed by real-time PCR in plasmas from mice two hours after lipid gavage. Mice with intestine-specific loss of Dicer were screened to identify potential miRNAs released by the intestine. A total of 68 miRNAs were selected for further validation. Ten circulating miRNAs were finally validated as responsive to postprandial lipemia, including miR-206-3p, miR-543-3p, miR-466c-5p, miR-27b-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-340-3p, miR-1941-3p, miR-10a-3p, miR-125a-3p, and miR-468-3p. Analysis of their possible tissues of origin/target showed an enrichment of selected miRNAs in liver, intestine, brain, or skeletal muscle. miR-206, miR-27b-5p, and miR-409-3p were validated in healthy humans. Analysis of their predicted target genes revealed their potential involvement in insulin/insulin like growth factor (insulin/IGF), angiogenesis, cholecystokinin B receptor signaling pathway (CCKR), inflammation or Wnt pathways for mice, and in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and CCKR signaling pathways for humans. Therefore, the current study shows that certain miRNAs are released in the circulation in response to fatty meals, proposing them as potential novel therapeutic targets of lipid metabolism.

(1) Background: The microRNA (miR)-directed control of gene expression is correlated with numerous physiological processes as well as the pathological features of tumors. The focus of this study is on the role of miRs in the regulation of RSU1 and proteins in the IPP (integrin linked kinase, PINCH and parvin) complex. Because the IPP adaptor proteins link β integrins to actin cytoskeleton, and the RSU1 signaling protein connects the complex to the activation of cJun, ATF2 and the transcription of PTEN, their reduction by miRs has the potential to alter both adhesion and survival signaling. (2) Methods: Multiple database analyses were used to identify miRs that target RSU1 and PINCH1. miR transfection validated the effects of miRs on RSU1, PINCH1 and downstream targets in breast cancer cell lines. (3) Results: The miRs targeting RSU1 mRNA include miR-182-5p, -409-3p, -130a-3p, -221-3p, -744-5p and -106b-5p. Data show that miR-182-5p and -409-3p reduce RSU1, PINCH1 and inhibit the ATF2 activation of PTEN expression. miR-221-3p and miR-130a-3p target RSU1 and PINCH1 and, conversely, RSU1 depletion increases miR-221-3p and miR-130a-3p. (4) Conclusions: miRs targeting RSU1 and PINCH1 in mammary epithelial or luminal breast cancer cell lines reduced RSU1 signaling to p38 MAP kinase and ATF2, inhibiting the expression of PTEN. miR-221-3p, known to target PTEN and cell cycle regulators, also targets RSU1 and PINCH1 in luminal breast cancer cell lines.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes both maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. The deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in GDM suggests their involvement in GDM pathogenesis and complications. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endosomal origin, released via exocytosis into the extracellular compartment. Through EVs, miRNAs are delivered in distant target cells and are able to affect gene expression. In this study, miRNA expression was analyzed to find new miRNAs that could improve GDM classification and molecular characterization. MiRNA were profiled in total plasma and EVs in GDM patients and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) women. Samples were collected at third trimester of gestation from two diabetes centers. MiRNA expression was profiled in a discovery cohort using the multiplexed NanoString nCounter Human v3 miRNA. Validation analysis was performed in a second independent cohort using RT-qPCR. A set of miRNAs resulted to be differentially expressed (DE) in total plasma and EVs in GDM. Among them, total plasma miR-222-3p and miR-409-3p were validated in the independent cohort. MiR-222-3p levels correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p < 0.001) and birth weight (p = 0.012), whereas miR-409-3p expression correlated with FPG (p < 0.001) and inversely with gestational age (p = 0.001). The major validated target genes of the deregulated miRNAs were consistently linked to type 2 diabetes and GDM pathophysiology. MiR-222-3p and miR-409-3p are two circulating biomarkers that could improve GDM classification power and act in the context of the molecular events leading to the metabolic alterations observed in GDM.

Abstract Abstract 235 The prognosis of AML patients within the intermediate cytogenetics category is mainly determined by the mutational status of some relevant genes, such as NPM1 mutations (NPMmut), or biallelic CEBPA mutations (CEBPAmut), associated with a favorable outcome, and with the presence of FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), which correlates with an adverse prognosis. Nonetheless, additional biological features such as microRNA (miRNA) expression pattern might contribute to refine prognosis and guide therapy in this setting. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether miRNA expression is associated with molecular characteristics and clinical outcome in intermediate-risk AML patients (IR-AML). We have analyzed samples from 85 IR-AML patients (median age, 52 [range, 18–71]; 52% males) who received intensive therapy from 1994 to 2009. Forty-three patients (51%) harbored NPMmut, 37 (44%) harbored FLT3-ITD (including 23 with NPMmut), and 11 (13%) harbored CEBPAmut, including 7 with biallelic mutations. The expression of 670 mature miRNAs was analyzed by multiplex Real Time PCR using TaqMan Human MicroRNA Arrays (Applied Biosystems). All PCR reactions were performed using an ABI 7900 HT sequence detection system. miRNA expression data was analyzed by the 2−DDCt method, using RNU48 as endogenous control. Statistical analysis was performed with BRB Array Tools, SPSS version 15.0.1 and R software version 2.9.0. Supervised analysis by means of t-test based on multiplex permutations (class comparisons analysis, p<0.001) revealed a distinctive miRNA signature in patients with NPMmut, with overexpression of miR-10a, miR-10a*, miR-10b and miR-196b, and downregulation of miR-126, miR126*, miR-424, miR-424* and miR-335, as well as patients with biallelic CEBPAmut, characterized by downregulation of miR-196b and upregulation of miR-181a. Response rate in this series of patients was 84%, with 5-year survival of 43±11% and relapse incidence (RI) of 55±14%. Multivariate analysis for overall survival(OS) including NPM status, FLT3-ITD status, age, WBC, and Log Rank OS significant miRNAs (miR-632, miR-23b, miR-409-3p, let-7a*, miR-565 and miR-196b) identified age, absence of NPMmut, and FLT3-ITD as unfavorable variables together with low expression of miR-409-3p (p<0.001; HR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.7–6.4), and increased level of let-7a* (p=0.026; HR=5.1, 95% CI: 1.21–21.5) and miR-196b (p=0.056; HR=7.27, CI: 0.95–55.6). Concerning risk of relapse (RR), multivariate analysis including NPM status, age, FLT3-ITD, WBC, and Log Rank RR significant miRNAs (miR-632, miR-155*, miR-135a, miR-409-3p, miR-150, miR-23a* and miR-363) the absence of NPMmut, FLT3-ITD and increasing leukocyte count were associated with a higher RI. Remarkably, decreased miR-409-3p expression (p=0.011; HR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.3–8.2) and miR-135a (p=0.02; HR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.2–14.2), together with higher levels of miR-23a* (p<0.001; HR=6.2, 95% CI: 2.61–14.7) were independently associated with a higher relapse risk. Of note, a decreased miR-409-3p level retained its adverse prognosis value in the subgroup of patients without favorable molecular markers (i.e., wild-type NPM1 and CEBPA and/or FLT3-ITD;p=0.001) together with low miR-361-3p (p=0.013, HR= 2.4, CI: 1.2–5.1). On the contrary, let-7a* levels segregated subgroups of patients in the category of favorable genotype (i.e., mutated NPM1 without FLT3-ITD p=0.027). In this series of patients of intermediate-risk cytogenetic AML, measurement of expression levels of several miRNAs such as miR-409-3p, miR-135a, let-7a* or miR-23a* showed independent prognostic value, and contribute to predict the outcome within specific molecular subgroups. Nonetheless, confirmation of the prognostic impact of these miRNAs and investigation of possible underlying mechanisms account for this effect require future studies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The regulatory mechanism of PCSK7 gene is still unknown, although its encoded protein PC7 is the most ancient and highly conserved of all proprotein convertases and exhibits enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions in liver triglyceride regulation. Bioinformatics algorithms were used to predict regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) of PCSK7 expression. This led to the identification of four miRNAs, namely miR-125a-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-409-3p, and miR-320a-3p, with potential binding sites on the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of human PCSK7 mRNA. The expression patterns of these miRNAs and PCSK7 mRNA were assessed in three different cell lines with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which revealed reciprocal expression patterns between the expression levels of the four selected miRNAs and PCSK7. Next, the interactions and effects of these miRNAs on PCSK7 expression levels were investigated via cell-based expression analysis, dual-luciferase assay, and Western blot analysis. The data revealed that PCSK7 mRNA levels decreased in cells transfected with vectors overexpressing miR-125a-5p, miR-143-3p, and miR-409-3p, but not miR-320a-3p. The dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that the above three miRNAs could directly interact with putative target sites in PCSK7 3′-UTR and regulate its expression, whereas miR-320-3p exhibited no interaction. Western blot analysis further revealed that the overexpression of miR-125a-5p in Huh7 cells inhibits the expression and ability of PC7 to cleave human transferrin receptor 1. Our results support a regulatory role of these miRNAs on PCSK7 expression and function and open the way to assess their roles in the regulation of PC7 activity in vivo in the development of hepatic steatosis.

The potential of extracellular circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as non-invasive biomarkers of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been confirmed by a number of recent studies. However, the current data for some miRNAs are controversial and inconsistent, probably due to pre-analytical and methodological differences. In this work, we attempted to fulfill the basic pre-analytical requirements provided for circulating miRNA studies for application to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) research. We used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine the relative plasma levels of circulating miRNAs expressed in the heart or associated with atrial remodeling or fibrillation with reported altered plasma/serum levels in AF: miR-146a-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-320a-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-375-3p, and miR-409-3p. First, in a cohort of 90 adult outpatient clinic patients, we found that the plasma level of miR-320a-3p was elevated in PAF patients compared to healthy controls and hypertensive patients without AF. We further analyzed the impact of medication therapies on miRNA relative levels and found elevated miR-320a-3p levels in patients receiving angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) therapy. Additionally, we found that miR-320a-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-146a-5p plasma levels positively correlated with the CHA2DS2-Vasc score and were elevated in subjects with CHA2DS2-Vasc ≥ 2. Our results indicate that, amongst the analyzed miRNAs, miR-320a-3p may be considered as a potential PAF circulating plasma biomarker, leading to speculation as to whether this miRNA is a marker of platelet state change due to ACEI therapy.

Hypertrophic and hypoxic visceral adipose tissue (VAT) secretes proinflammatory cytokines promoting insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) microRNAs (miRNAs) are markers of metabolic disorders regulating genes critical for e.g., inflammation, glucose metabolism, and antioxidant defense, with raising diagnostic value. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether hyperglycemia is able to affect the expression of selected miRNAs in VAT of prediabetic (IFG) and diabetic (T2DM) patients vs. normoglycemic (NG) subjects using qPCR. Statistical analyses suggested that miRNAs expression could be sex-dependent. Thus, we determined 15 miRNAs as differentially expressed (DE) among NG, T2DM, IFG females (miR-10a-5p, let-7d-5p, miR-532-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-125b-5p, let-7a-5p, let-7e-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-365a-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-409-3p). Majority of significantly changed miRNAs was similarly upregulated in VAT of female T2DM and IFG patients in comparison to NG subjects, positively correlated with FPG and HbA1c, yet, uncorrelated with WHR/BMI. Enrichment analyses indicated involvement of 11 top DE miRNAs in oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin signaling. Those miRNAs expression changes could be possibly associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in VAT of hyperglycemic subjects.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic multifactorial autoimmune disease that includes 5-10% of diabetes cases and is characterized by the immune-mediated insulin secreting β cell destruction with consequent loss of β cell mass and hyperglycemia. In autoimmune diabetes, the selective β cell destruction is the result of a series of mechanisms including, but not limiting to autoreactive T cells direct β cell destruction and inflammatory stress, resulting in a dramatic loss of functional β cell mass. MicroRNAs are small non coding 19-24 nucleotides RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression, binding selectively their mRNAs target and leading to their translational repression and/or degradation. It was also remarked that miRNAs are involved in T1D pathogenesis, by regulating a series of processes both in β cells and lymphocytes that ranged from cell metabolic dysfunction and apoptosis to dedifferentiation and immune molecule secretion. Additionally, it has been suggested that secreted microRNAs can take part in the communication between immune system and pancreatic endocrine cells; therefore, studying such dialogue could help to better understand T1D pathogenesis and to the identification of biomarkers that reflect the diseased status of the target organ. In order to investigate the role of miRNAs as biomarkers of T1D pathogenesis both at endocrine and immune interface, the study can be subdivided into the following sections: 1) MiRNAs as circulating biomarkers of diseased-target tissue- In this section, miR-409-3p was found downregulated in murine and human plasma of T1D subjects, highlight the importance to find a lymphocyte deriving circulating biomarker that reflect the target organ pathological status. 2) MiRNAs as modulators of β cell function- miR-183-5p was downregulated in pancreatic endocrine tissue of mouse and human diabetic patients, contributing to β cell protection from apoptosis through the modulation of anti-apoptotic factor Bach2 and through the potential induction of a dedifferentiation phenomenon. This study demonstrated that β cells are able to react to stress and to cell damage through a miRNA-mediated protective phenomenon. 3) Secreted/Immune-derived miRNAs as mediators of β cell apoptosis- Exosomes enriched in miR-142-3p/5p and miR-155 and secreted by T autoreactive lymphocytes, induced selective β cell apoptosis, through the modulation of proinflammatory chemokine expression. The selective AAV “Sponge” inactivation of miR-142-3p/5p, miR-150 and miR-155 induced β cell protection of prediabetic NOD mice from the autoimmune attack that occurs in T1D, inducing the reduction of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 specifically in β cells than in α cells. Such study remarked the exosome-mediated communication dynamics between immune system components and endocrine cells in the center of this dialogue, miRNAs give their fundamental contribution and more importantly, as it has already been reported, it’s possible to actively and therapeutically interfere in this dialogue in order to positively change the β cell fate.