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Journal articles on the topic 'MIPAS; Interferometer; Atmospheric sounding'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Perrin, Agnès, Jean-Marie Flaud, Marco Ridolfi, Jean Vander Auwera, and Massimo Carlotti. "MIPAS database: new HNO<sub>3</sub> line parameters at 7.6 µm validated with MIPAS satellite measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 5 (2016): 2067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2067-2016.

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Abstract. Improved line positions and intensities have been generated for the 7.6 µm spectral region of nitric acid. They were obtained relying on a recent reinvestigation of the nitric acid band system at 7.6 µm and comparisons of HNO3 volume mixing ratio profiles retrieved from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) limb emission radiances in the 11 and 7.6 µm domains. This has led to an improved database called MIPAS-2015. Comparisons with available laboratory information (individual line intensities, integrated absorption cross sections, and absorption cross

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Perrin, A., J. M. Flaud, M. Ridolfi, J. Vander Auwera та M. Carlotti. "MIPAS database: new HNO<sub>3</sub> line parameters at 7.6 μm validated with MIPAS satellite measurements". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, № 11 (2015): 11643–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-11643-2015.

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Abstract. Improved line positions and intensities have been generated for the 7.6 μm spectral region of nitric acid. They were obtained relying on a recent reinvestigation of the nitric acid band system at 7.6 μm and comparisons of HNO3 volume mixing ratio profiles retrieved from the "Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding" (MIPAS) limb emission radiances in the 11 and 7.6 μm domains. This has led to an improved database called "MIPAS-2015". Comparisons with available laboratory information (individual line intensities, integrated absorption cross sections, and absorption cr

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Flaud, J. M., G. Brizzi, M. Carlotti, A. Perrin, and M. Ridolfi. "MIPAS database: Validation of HNO<sub>3</sub> line parameters using MIPAS satellite measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (2006): 5037–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5037-2006.

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Abstract. Using new and accurate experimental results concerning the spectroscopic properties of the HNO3 molecule as well as improved theoretical methods it has been possible to generate an improved set of line parameters for this molecule in the spectral range covered by the MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) experiment. These line parameters, which have been validated using broadband atmospheric spectra recorded by MIPAS, have been included in the last version of the MIPAS spectroscopic database to be used for future processing of the MIPAS spectra.

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Flaud, J. M., G. Brizzi, M. Carlotti, A. Perrin, and M. Ridolfi. "MIPAS database: Validation of HNO<sub>3</sub> line parameters using MIPAS satellite measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 3 (2006): 4251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-4251-2006.

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Abstract. Using new and accurate experimental results concerning the spectroscopic properties of the HNO3 molecule as well as improved theoretical methods it has been possible to generate an improved set of line parameters for this molecule in the spectral range covered by the MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) experiment. These line parameters, which have been validated using broadband atmospheric spectra recorded by MIPAS, have been included in the last version of the MIPAS spectroscopic database to be used for future processing of the MIPAS spectra.

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5

Milz, M., T. v. Clarmann, P. Bernath, et al. "Validation of water vapour profiles (version 13) retrieved by the IMK/IAA scientific retrieval processor based on full resolution spectra measured by MIPAS on board Envisat." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 2, no. 1 (2009): 489–559. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-489-2009.

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Abstract. Vertical profiles of stratospheric water vapour measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) between September 2002 and March 2004 and retrieved with the IMK/IAA scientific retrieval processor were compared to a number of independent measurements in order to estimate the bias and to validate the existing precision estimates of the MIPAS data. The independent instruments were: the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-II (ILAS

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Milz, M., T. v. Clarmann, P. Bernath, et al. "Validation of water vapour profiles (version 13) retrieved by the IMK/IAA scientific retrieval processor based on full resolution spectra measured by MIPAS on board Envisat." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2, no. 2 (2009): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-379-2009.

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Abstract. Vertical profiles of stratospheric water vapour measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) with the full resolution mode between September 2002 and March 2004 and retrieved with the IMK/IAA scientific retrieval processor were compared to a number of independent measurements in order to estimate the bias and to validate the existing precision estimates of the MIPAS data. The estimated precision for MIPAS is 5 to 10% in the stratosphere, depending on altitude, latitude, and season. The independent instruments were: the Halogen Occultation Experime

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Hurley, J., A. Dudhia, and R. G. Grainger. "Retrieval of macrophysical cloud parameters from MIPAS: algorithm description and preliminary validation." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 4 (2010): 3877–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-3877-2010.

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Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) onboard ENVISAT has the potential to be particularly useful for studying high, thin clouds, which have been difficult to observe in the past. This paper details the development, implementation and testing of an optimal-estimation-type retrieval for three macrophysical cloud parameters (cloud top height, cloud top temperature and cloud extinction coefficient) from infrared spectra measured by MIPAS, employing additional information derived to improve the choice of a priori. The retrieval is applied and initially val

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8

Kleinert, Anne, Manfred Birk, Gaétan Perron, and Georg Wagner. "Level 1b error budget for MIPAS on ENVISAT." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 10 (2018): 5657–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5657-2018.

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Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is a Fourier transform spectrometer measuring the radiance emitted from the atmosphere in limb geometry in the thermal infrared spectral region. It was operated onboard the ENVISAT satellite from 2002 to 2012. Calibrated and geolocated spectra, the so-called level 1b data, are the basis for the retrieval of atmospheric parameters. In this paper we present the error budget for the level 1b data of the most recent data version 8 in terms of radiometric, spectral, and line of sight accuracy. The major changes of versi

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9

Piccolo, C., and A. Dudhia. "Precision validation of MIPAS-Envisat products." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 8 (2007): 1915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1915-2007.

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Abstract. This paper discusses the variation and validation of the precision, or estimated random error, associated with the ESA Level 2 products from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). This quantity represents the propagation of the radiometric noise from the spectra through the retrieval process into the Level 2 profile values. The noise itself varies with time, steadily rising between ice decontamination events, but the Level 2 precision has a greater variation due to the atmospheric temperature which controls the total radiance received. Hence, for all s

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Piccolo, C., and A. Dudhia. "Precision validation of MIPAS-Envisat products." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 1 (2007): 911–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-911-2007.

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Abstract. This paper discusses the variation and validation of the precision, or estimated random error, associated with the ESA Level 2 products from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). This quantity represents the propagation of the radiometric noise from the spectra through the retrieval process into the Level 2 profile values. The noise itself varies with time, steadily rising between decontamination events, but the Level 2 precision has a greater variation due to the atmospheric temperature which controls the total radiance received. Hence, for all speci

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11

Höpfner, M., J. Orphal, T. von Clarmann, G. Stiller, and H. Fischer. "Stratospheric BrONO<sub>2</sub> observed by MIPAS." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 5 (2009): 1735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1735-2009.

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Abstract. The first measurements of stratospheric bromine nitrate (BrONO2) are reported. Bromine nitrate has been clearly identified in atmospheric infrared emission spectra recorded with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European Envisat satellite, and stratospheric concentration profiles have been determined for different conditions (day and night, different latitudes). The BrONO2 concentrations show strong day/night variations, with much lower concentrations during the day. Maximum volume mixing ratios observed during night are 20 to 25 pptv. T

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Hurley, J., A. Dudhia, and R. G. Grainger. "Cloud detection for MIPAS using singular vector decomposition." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2, no. 2 (2009): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-533-2009.

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Abstract. Satellite-borne high-spectral-resolution limb sounders, such as the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) onboard ENVISAT, provide information on clouds, especially optically thin clouds, which have been difficult to observe in the past. The aim of this work is to develop, implement and test a reliable cloud detection method for infrared spectra measured by MIPAS. Current MIPAS cloud detection methods used operationally have been developed to detect cloud effective filling more than 30% of the measurement field-of-view (FOV), under geometric and optical co

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Woiwode, W., H. Oelhaf, T. Gulde, et al. "MIPAS-STR measurements in the arctic UTLS in winter/spring 2010: instrument characterization, retrieval and validation." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 6 (2011): 7035–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-7035-2011.

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Abstract. The mid-infrared FTIR-limb-sounder Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding – STRatospheric aircraft (MIPAS-STR) was deployed onboard the stratospheric aircraft M55 Geophysica during the RECONCILE campaign in the arctic winter/spring 2010. From the MIPAS-STR measurements, vertical profiles and 2-dimensional vertical cross-sections of temperature and trace gases are retrieved. Detailed mesoscale structures of polar vortex air, extra vortex air and vortex filaments are identified in the results at a typical vertical resolution of 1 to 2 km and typical horizontal sampli

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14

Höpfner, M., J. Orphal, T. von Clarmann, G. Stiller, and H. Fischer. "Stratospheric BrONO<sub>2</sub> observed by MIPAS." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 6 (2008): 19679–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-19679-2008.

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Abstract. The first measurements of stratospheric bromine nitrate (BrONO2) are reported. Bromine nitrate has been clearly identified in atmospheric infrared emission spectra recorded with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European Envisat satellite, and stratospheric concentration profiles have been determined for different conditions (day and night, different latitudes). The BrONO2 concentrations show strong day/night variations, with much lower concentrations during the day. Maximum volume mixing ratios observed during night are 20 to 25 pptv. T

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15

Davies, S., G. W. Mann, K. S. Carslaw, et al. "Testing our understanding of Arctic denitrification using MIPAS-E satellite measurements in winter 2002/2003." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 10 (2006): 3149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3149-2006.

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Abstract. Observations of gas-phase HNO3 and N2O in the polar stratosphere from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding aboard the ENVISAT satellite (MIPAS-E) were made during the cold Arctic winter of 2002/2003. Vortex temperatures were unusually low in early winter and remained favourable for polar stratospheric cloud formation and denitrification until mid-January. MIPAS-E observations provide the first dataset with sufficient coverage of the polar vortex in mid-winter which enables a reasonable estimate of the timing of onset and spatial distribution of denitrificatio

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16

Millán, Luis F., Nathaniel J. Livesey, Michelle L. Santee, and Thomas von Clarmann. "Characterizing sampling and quality screening biases in infrared and microwave limb sounding." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 6 (2018): 4187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4187-2018.

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Abstract. This study investigates orbital sampling biases and evaluates the additional impact caused by data quality screening for the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). MIPAS acts as a proxy for typical infrared limb emission sounders, while MLS acts as a proxy for microwave limb sounders. These biases were calculated for temperature and several trace gases by interpolating model fields to real sampling patterns and, additionally, screening those locations as directed by their corresponding quality criteria. Both instru

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17

von Clarmann, T., N. Glatthor, and J. Plieninger. "Maximum likelihood representation of MIPAS profiles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 7 (2015): 2749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2749-2015.

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Abstract. In order to avoid problems connected with the content of a priori information in volume mixing ratio vertical profiles measured with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), a user-friendly representation of the data has been developed which will be made available in addition to the regular data product. In this representation, the data will be provided on a fixed pressure grid coarse enough to allow a virtually unconstrained retrieval. To avoid data interpolation, the grid is chosen to be a subset of the pressure grids used by the Chemistry–Climate Mode

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von Clarmann, T., N. Glatthor, and J. Plieninger. "Maximum likelihood representation of MIPAS profiles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 3 (2015): 2501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-2501-2015.

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Abstract. In order to avoid problems connected with the content of a priori information in volume mixing ratio vertical profiles measured with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), a user-friendly representation of the data has been developed which will be made available in addition to the regular data product. In this representation, the data will be provided on a fixed pressure grid coarse enough to allow a virtually unconstrained retrieval. As to avoid data interpolation, the grid is chosen to be a subset of the pressure grids used by the Chemistry Climate M

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19

Ceccherini, S., U. Cortesi, P. T. Verronen, and E. Kyrölä. "Technical Note: Continuity of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data quality from full- to reduced-spectral-resolution operation mode." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 8 (2008): 2201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2201-2008.

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Abstract. MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is operating on the ENVIronmental SATellite (ENVISAT) since March 2002. After two years of nearly continuous limb scanning measurements, at the end of March 2004, the instrument was stopped due to problems with the mirror drive of the interferometer. Operations with reduced maximum path difference, corresponding to both a reduced-spectral-resolution and a shorter measurement time, were resumed on January 2005. In order to exploit the reduction in measurement time, the measurement scenario was changed adopting a finer v

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Fischer, H., M. Birk, C. Blom, et al. "MIPAS: an instrument for atmospheric and climate research." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 8 (2008): 2151–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2151-2008.

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Abstract. MIPAS, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, is a mid-infrared emission spectrometer which is part of the core payload of ENVISAT. It is a limb sounder, i.e. it scans across the horizon detecting atmospheric spectral radiances which are inverted to vertical temperature, trace species and cloud distributions. These data can be used for scientific investigations in various research fields including dynamics and chemistry in the altitude region between upper troposphere and lower thermosphere. The instrument is a well calibrated and characterized Fourier transfo

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Fischer, H., M. Birk, C. Blom, et al. "MIPAS: an instrument for atmospheric and climate research." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 3 (2007): 8795–893. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-8795-2007.

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Abstract. MIPAS, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, is a mid-infrared emission spectrometer which is part of the core payload of ENVISAT. It is a limb sounder, i.e. it scans across the horizon detecting atmospheric spectral radiances which are inverted to vertical temperature, trace species and cloud distributions. These data can be used for scientific investigations in various research fields including dynamics and chemistry in the altitude region between upper troposphere and lower thermosphere. The instrument is a well calibrated and characterized Fourier transfo

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22

Hurley, J., A. Dudhia, and R. G. Grainger. "Cloud detection for MIPAS using singular vector decomposition." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 2, no. 2 (2009): 1185–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-1185-2009.

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Abstract. Clouds are increasingly recognised for their influence on the radiative balance of the Earth and the implications that they have on possible climate change, as well as in air pollution and acid-rain production. However, clouds remain a major source of uncertainty in climate models. Satellite-borne high-resolution limb sounders, such as the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) onboard ENVISAT, provide information on clouds, especially optically thin clouds, which have been difficult to observe in the past. The aim of this work is to develop, implement and

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23

López-Puertas, Manuel, Bernd Funke, Sergio Gil-López, et al. "Atmospheric non-local thermodynamic equilibrium emissions as observed by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS)." Comptes Rendus Physique 6, no. 8 (2005): 848–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2005.07.012.

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Woiwode, W., H. Oelhaf, T. Gulde, et al. "MIPAS-STR measurements in the Arctic UTLS in winter/spring 2010: instrument characterization, retrieval and validation." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 6 (2012): 1205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1205-2012.

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Abstract. The mid-infrared FTIR-limb-sounder Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding–STRatospheric aircraft (MIPAS-STR) was deployed onboard the research aircraft M55 Geophysica during the RECONCILE campaign (Reconciliation of Essential Process Parameters for an Enhanced Predictability of Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Loss and its Climate Interactions) in the Arctic winter/spring 2010. From the MIPAS-STR measurements, vertical profiles and 2-dimensional vertical cross-sections of temperature and trace gases are retrieved. Detailed mesoscale structures of polar vortex air, extra

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von Clarmann, T., B. Funke, N. Glatthor, et al. "The MIPAS HOCl climatology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 4 (2012): 1965–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1965-2012.

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Abstract. Monthly zonal mean HOCl measurements by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) are presented for the period from June 2002 to March 2004. Highest molar mixing ratios are found at pressure levels between 6 and 2 hPa, whereby largest mixing ratios occasionally exceed 200 ppt. The mixing ratio maximum is generally higher at lower altitudes in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere except for chlorine activation conditions in polar vortices, where enhanced HOCl abundances are also found in the lower stratosphere below about 10 hPa. During night

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Höpfner, M., N. Larsen, R. Spang, et al. "MIPAS detects Antarctic stratospheric belt of NAT PSCs caused by mountain waves." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 5 (2006): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1221-2006.

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Abstract. Space borne infrared limb emission measurements by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) reveal the formation of a belt of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles over Antarctica in mid-June 2003. By mesoscale microphysical simulations we show that this sudden onset of NAT PSCs was caused by heterogeneous nucleation on ice in the cooling phases of large-amplitude stratospheric mountain waves over the Antarctic Peninsula and the Ellsworth Mountains. MIPAS observations of PSCs before this event show no indication for t

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27

Steck, T., T. von Clarmann, H. Fischer, et al. "Bias determination and precision validation of ozone profiles from MIPAS-Envisat retrieved with the IMK-IAA processor." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 13 (2007): 3639–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3639-2007.

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Abstract. This paper characterizes vertical ozone profiles retrieved with the IMK-IAA (Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe – Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia) science-oriented processor from high spectral resolution data (until March 2004) measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the environmental satellite Envisat. Bias determination and precision validation is performed on the basis of correlative measurements by ground-based lidars, Fourier transform infrared spectrometers, and microwave radiometers as well as balloo

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Höpfner, M., B. P. Luo, P. Massoli, et al. "Spectroscopic evidence for NAT, STS, and ice in MIPAS infrared limb emission measurements of polar stratospheric clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 5 (2006): 1201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1201-2006.

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Abstract. We have analyzed mid-infrared limb-emission measurements of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) during the Antarctic winter 2003 with respect to PSC composition. Coincident Lidar observations from McMurdo were used for comparison with PSC types 1a, 1b and 2. Application of new refractive index data of β-NAT have allowed to accurately simulate the prominent spectral band at 820 cm-1 observed by MIPAS at the location where the Lidar instrument observed type 1a PSCs. Broadband spectral fits covering the range from 78

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Friedl-Vallon, Felix, Guido Maucher, Meinhard Seefeldner, et al. "Design and characterization of the balloon-borne Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-B2)." Applied Optics 43, no. 16 (2004): 3335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.43.003335.

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Sembhi, H., J. Remedios, T. Trent, et al. "MIPAS detection of cloud and aerosol particle occurrence in the UTLS with comparison to HIRDLS and CALIOP." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 10 (2012): 2537–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2537-2012.

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Abstract. Satellite infrared emission instruments require efficient systems that can separate and flag observations which are affected by clouds and aerosols. This paper investigates the identification of cloud and aerosols from infrared, limb sounding spectra that were recorded by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), a high spectral resolution Fourier transform spectrometer on the European Space Agency's (ESA) ENVISAT (Now inoperative since April 2012 due to loss of contact). Specifically, the performance of an existing cloud and aerosol particle detection me

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Hervig, Mark E., Benjamin T. Marshall, Scott M. Bailey, et al. "Validation of Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) nitric oxide measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 6 (2019): 3111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3111-2019.

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Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) measurements from the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) are validated through detailed uncertainty analysis and comparisons with independent observations. SOFIE was compared with coincident satellite measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) instrument and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument. The comparisons indicate mean differences of less than ∼50 % for altitudes from roughly 50 to 105 km for SOFIE spacecraft sunrise and 50 to 140 km for SOFIE sunsets

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32

Remedios, J. J., R. J. Leigh, A. M. Waterfall, et al. "MIPAS reference atmospheres and comparisons to V4.61/V4.62 MIPAS level 2 geophysical data sets." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 4 (2007): 9973–10017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-9973-2007.

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Abstract. Reliable reference profiles and estimates of variability are a necessity for a variety of processes relating to ENVISAT including the development of key aspects and inputs for the operational processor for the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding. MIPAS reference atmospheres have therefore been produced in two forms, namely standard atmospheres for modelling and error analysis for typical atmospheric situations and the IG2 seasonal climatologies for initial guess profiles used as part of the operational processing. The reference states cover 36 species on a commo

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von Clarmann, T., B. Funke, N. Glatthor, et al. "The MIPAS HOCl climatology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (2011): 20793–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-20793-2011.

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Abstract. Monthly zonal mean HOCl measurements by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) are presented for the episode from June 2002 to March 2004. Highest molar mixing ratios are found at pressure levels between 6 and 2 hPa, whereby largest mixing ratios occasionally exceed 200 ppt. The mixing ratio maximum is generally at lower altitudes in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere except for chlorine activation conditions in polar vortices, where enhanced HOCl abundances are also found in the lower stratosphere. During nighttime the maximum is found

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34

Sembhi, H., J. Remedios, T. Trent, et al. "MIPAS detection of cloud and aerosol particle occurrence in the UTLS with comparison to HIRDLS and CALIOP." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 1 (2012): 1795–841. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-1795-2012.

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Abstract. Satellite infra-red emission instruments require efficient systems that can separate and flag observations which are affected by clouds and aerosols. This paper investigates the identification of cloud and aerosols from infra-red, limb sounding spectra recorded by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), a high spectral resolution, Fourier transform spectrometer on ENVISAT. Specifically, the performance of an existing cloud and aerosol particle detection method is simulated, with a radiative transfer model, in order to establish for the first time limits

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Woiwode, W., O. Sumińska-Ebersoldt, H. Oelhaf, et al. "Validation of first chemistry mode retrieval results from the new limb-imaging FTS GLORIA with correlative MIPAS-STR observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 6 (2015): 2509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2509-2015.

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Abstract. We report first chemistry mode retrieval results from the new airborne limb-imaging infrared FTS (Fourier transform spectrometer) GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) and comparisons with observations by the conventional airborne limb-scanning infrared FTS MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding – STRatospheric aircraft). For GLORIA, the flights aboard the high-altitude research aircraft M55 Geophysica during the ESSenCe campaign (ESa Sounder Campaign 2011) were the very first in field deployment after several years of d

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Griessbach, S., L. Hoffmann, R. Spang, and M. Riese. "Volcanic ash detection with infrared limb sounding: MIPAS observations and radiative transfer simulations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 6 (2013): 9939–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-9939-2013.

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Abstract. Small volcanic ash particles have long residence times in troposphere and stratosphere so that they have impact on the Earth's radiative budget and consequently affect climate. For global long term observations of volcanic aerosol, infrared limb measurements provide excellent coverage, sensitivity to thin aerosol layers, and altitude information. The optical properties of volcanic ash and ice particles, derived from micro-physical properties, have opposing spectral gradients between 700 to 960 cm−1 for small particle sizes. Radiative transfer simulations that account for single scatt

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von Clarmann, T., C. De Clercq, M. Ridolfi, M. Höpfner, and J. C. Lambert. "The horizontal resolution of MIPAS." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2, no. 1 (2009): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-47-2009.

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Abstract. Limb remote sensing from space provides atmospheric composition measurements at high vertical resolution while the information is smeared in the horizontal domain. The horizontal components of two-dimensional (altitude and along-track coordinate) averaging kernels of a limb retrieval constrained to horizontal homogeneity can be used to estimate the horizontal resolution of limb retrievals. This is useful for comparisons of measured data with modeled data, to construct horizontal observation operators in data assimilation applications or when measurements of different horizontal resol

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Moore, D. P., and J. J. Remedios. "Growth rates of stratospheric HCFC-22." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 1 (2008): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-73-2008.

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Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding onboard ENVISAT (MIPAS-E) offers the opportunity to detect and spectrally resolve many atmospheric minor constituents affecting atmospheric chemistry. In this paper, we describe an algorithm produced to retrieve HCFC–22 profiles from MIPAS-E measurements made in 2003 and present results from this scheme between 300 and 50 mb. By comparison with ATMOS (AT–3) version 3 data, we find a mean Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude (20–50° N) HCFC–22 growth rate between 1994 and 2003 of 5.4±0.7 pptv/yr in the lower stratosphere (LS) a

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Bender, S., M. Sinnhuber, J. P. Burrows, M. Langowski, B. Funke, and M. López-Puertas. "Retrieval of nitric oxide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere with SCIAMACHY." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 2 (2013): 3611–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-3611-2013.

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Abstract. We use the ultra-violett (UV) spectra in the range 230–300 nm from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) to retrieve the nitric oxide (NO) number densities from atmospheric emissions in the gamma-bands in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Using 3-D ray tracing, a 2-D retrieval grid, and regularisation with respect to altitude and latitude, we retrieve a whole semi-orbit simultaneously for the altitude range from 60 to 160 km. We present details of the retrieval algorithm, first results, and initial comparisons to data from the Mich

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von Clarmann, T., N. Glatthor, G. P. Stiller, et al. "MIPAS measurements of upper tropospheric C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> during the Southern hemispheric biomass burning season in 2003." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 4 (2007): 12067–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-12067-2007.

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Abstract. Under cloud free conditions, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) provides measurements of spectrally resolved limb radiances down to the upper troposphere. These are used to infer global distributions of mixing ratios of atmospheric constituents in the upper troposphere and the stratosphere. From 21 October to 14 November 2003, MIPAS observed enhanced amounts of upper tropospheric C2H6 (up to about 400 pptv, depending on spectroscopic data chosen) and ozone (up to about 80 ppbv). By means of trajectory calculations, the enhancements observed in the S

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Plieninger, J., A. Laeng, S. Lossow, et al. "Validation of revised methane and nitrous oxide profiles from MIPAS-ENVISAT." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 11 (2015): 12105–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-12105-2015.

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Abstract. Improved versions of CH4 and N2O profiles derived at the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research and Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) from spectra measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) have become available. For the MIPAS full resolution period (2002–2004) these are V5H_CH4_21 and V5H_N2O_21 and for the reduced resolution period (2005–2012) these are V5R_CH4_224, V5R_CH4_225, V5R_N2O_224 and V5R_N2O_225. Here, we compare CH4 profiles to those measured by the Fourier Transform Spectrometer on board of the Atmospheric Chemis

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Griessbach, S., L. Hoffmann, R. Spang, and M. Riese. "Volcanic ash detection with infrared limb sounding: MIPAS observations and radiative transfer simulations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 5 (2014): 1487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1487-2014.

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Abstract. Small volcanic ash particles have long residence times in the troposphere and the stratosphere so that they have significant impact on the Earth's radiative budget and consequently affect climate. For global long-term observations of volcanic aerosol, infrared limb measurements provide excellent coverage, sensitivity to thin aerosol layers, and altitude information. The optical properties of volcanic ash and ice particles, derived from micro-physical properties, have opposing spectral gradients between 700 and 960 cm−1 for small particle sizes. Radiative transfer simulations that acc

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Steinwagner, J., G. Schwarz, and S. Hilgers. "Use of a Maximum Entropy Method as a Regularization Technique during the Retrieval of Trace Gas Profiles from Limb Sounding Measurements." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, no. 12 (2006): 1657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1951.1.

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Abstract The retrieval of trace gas profiles from radiance measurements of limb sounding instruments represents an inverse problem: vertical profiles of mixing ratios have to be extracted from sequences of horizontally measured radiances recorded by a spectrometer. Typically, these retrievals are plagued by random noise and systematic errors, necessitating the use of regularization techniques during inversion calculations. In the following, the use of selected maximum entropy operators as a regularization tool is discussed and their performance with conventional optimal estimation and Tikhonov

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Davies, S., G. W. Mann, K. S. Carslaw, et al. "Testing our understanding of Arctic denitrification using MIPAS-E satellite measurements in winter 2002/3." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 6 (2005): 10997–1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-10997-2005.

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Abstract. Observations of gas-phase HNO3 and N2O in the polar stratosphere from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding aboard the ENVISAT satellite (MIPAS-E) were made during the cold Arctic winter of 2002/3. Vortex temperatures were unusually low in early winter and remained favourable for polar stratospheric cloud formation and denitrification until mid-January. MIPAS-E observations provide the first dataset with sufficient coverage of the polar vortex in mid-winter which enables a reasonable estimate of the timing of onset and spatial distribution of denitrification o

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Moore, D. P., and J. J. Remedios. "Growth rates of stratospheric HCFC-22." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 4 (2007): 10515–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-10515-2007.

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Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding onboard ENVISAT (MIPAS-E) offers the opportunity to detect and spectrally resolve many atmospheric minor constituents affecting atmospheric chemistry. In this paper, we describe an algorithm produced to retrieve HCFC–22 profiles from MIPAS-E measurements made in 2003 and present results from this scheme between 300 and 50 mb. By comparison with ATMOS (AT–3) version 3 data, we find a mean Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude (20–50° N) HCFC–22 growth rate between 1994 and 2003 of 5.4±0.7 pptv/yr in the lower stratosphere (LS) a

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Steck, T., N. Glatthor, T. von Clarmann, et al. "Retrieval of global upper tropospheric and stratospheric formaldehyde (H<sub>2</sub>CO) distributions from high-resolution MIPAS-Envisat spectra." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 3 (2008): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-463-2008.

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Abstract. The Fourier transform spectrometer MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) on Envisat measures infrared emission of the Earth's atmosphere in a limb viewing mode. High spectral resolution measurements of MIPAS are sensitive to formaldehyde from the upper troposphere to the stratopause. Single profile retrievals of formaldehyde are dominated by a 60% noise error; however zonal mean values for 30 days of data during 8 September 2003 and 1 December 2003 reduces this error by a factor of 20 or more. The number of degrees of freedom for single profile retrieval r

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Cortesi, Ugo, Samuele Del Bianco, Simone Ceccherini, et al. "Synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 5 (2016): 2267–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2267-2016.

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Abstract. Synergistic exploitation of redundant and complementary information from independent observations of the same target remains a major issue in atmospheric remote sounding and increasing attention is devoted to investigate optimized or innovative methods for the combination of two or more measured data sets. This paper focuses on the synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding measurements of atmospheric composition and temperature and reports the results of a study conducted as part of the preparatory activities of the PREMIER (Process Exploration through Measure

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Cortesi, U., S. Del Bianco, S. Ceccherini, et al. "Synergy between middle infrared and millimetre-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 11 (2015): 11673–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-11673-2015.

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Abstract. Synergistic exploitation of redundant and complementary information from independent observations of the same target remains a major issue in atmospheric remote-sounding and increasing attention is devoted to investigate optimised or innovative methods for the combination of two or more measured data sets. This paper is focusing on the synergy between middle infrared and millimetre-wave limb sounding measurements of atmospheric composition and temperature and reports the results of a study conducted as part of the preparatory activities of the PREMIER (Process Exploration through Mea

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Wetzel, G., T. Sugita, H. Nakajima, et al. "Technical Note: Intercomparison of ILAS-II version 2 and 1.4 trace species with MIPAS-B measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 5 (2008): 1119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1119-2008.

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Abstract. The Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)-II sensor aboard the Japanese ADEOS-II satellite was launched into its sun-synchronous orbit on 14 December 2002 and performed solar occultation measurements of trace species, aerosols, temperature, and pressure in the polar stratosphere until 25 October 2003. Vertical trace gas profiles obtained with the balloon version of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-B) provide one of the sparse data sets for validating ILAS-II version 2 and 1.4 data. The MIPAS-B limb emission spectra were collected on 20 Marc

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Höpfner, M., N. Larsen, R. Spang, et al. "MIPAS detects Antarctic stratospheric belt of NAT PSCs caused by mountain waves." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 5 (2005): 10723–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-10723-2005.

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Abstract. Space borne infrared limb emission measurements by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) reveal the formation of a belt of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles over Antarctica in mid-June 2003. By mesoscale microphysical simulations we show that this sudden onset of NAT PSCs was caused by heterogeneous nucleation on ice in the cooling phases of large-amplitude stratospheric mountain waves over the Antarctic Peninsula and the Ellsworth Mountains. MIPAS observations of PSCs before this event show no indication for t

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