Journal articles on the topic 'Minority business enterprises'
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1
Fratoe, Frank A. "Rural Minority Business Development." Review of Black Political Economy 22, no. 2 (December 1993): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689943.
Abstract:
This study is a first attempt to undertake formal research and policy analysis of a heretofore neglected topic, rural minority business development. Data show that only about one-sixth of all minority-owned firms are located in rural (nonmetro) areas with some groups recording even lower percentages. For example, only 11 percent of Hispanic firms were found in rural areas in 1987. However, proportions of nonmetro Hispanic firms reach 20 to 50 percent in some southwestern states and proportions of nonmetro black enterprises reach 30 to 70 percent in some southeastern states. Review of the research literature discloses that rural minority businesses experience critical problems associated with four kinds of capital needed to support any successful enterprise: physical, financial, social and human. Examples are given of programs devoted to rural enterprise development which address problems related to the four forms of capital. Insights gleaned from the examples and additional observations by policy analysts are used to suggest policy directions for expanding rural minority business.
2
Beckinsale, Martin. "E-Business Among Ethnic Minority Businesses." International Journal of E-Adoption 1, no. 4 (October 2009): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jea.2009100104.
Abstract:
A small but growing body of evidence (SBS, 2004; Beckinsale & Ram, 2006) has indicated that Ethnic Minority Businesses (EMBs) have not adopted Information Communication Technology (ICT) at comparable rates to their non-EMB counterparts predominantly Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). With EMBs accounting for almost 10% of businesses in the UK the economic impact as ICT adoption continues to further develop across mainstream markets could be highly significant. Existing UK ICT policies have also failed to engage with EMBs until the NW ICT Adoption Pilot in 2004. The current, limited body of research is fragmented, provides limited understanding and coherence on reasons of low ICT adoption and lacks exemplars upon which policy considerations may be made. Firstly, the chapter will examine and review the existing body of literature. Secondly, EMB cases that have developed ICT to a degree where they are engaging in eBusiness activity are analysed and discussed. The findings provide a number of options and guidance for EMB owners. Finally, the recommendations point to the need for improved ICT awareness, better business support provision nationally and the importance of generation and education as key drivers.
3
Carter, Craig R., Richard J. Auskalnis, and Carol L. Ketchum. "Purchasing from Minority Business Enterprises: Key Success Factors." Journal of Supply Chain Management 35, no. 1 (December 1999): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493x.1999.tb00053.x.
4
Rice, Mitchell F. "Public contracting, policy preferences and minority business enterprises." International Journal of Public Administration 22, no. 7 (January 1999): 997–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900699908525415.
5
Dhaubhadel, Sarita, and D. K. Maheshwari. "Management Practice of Women in Entrepreneurship Activities of Micro Enterprise Running in Parbat District, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v5i2.46076.
Abstract:
Micro-enterprises are small-scale businesses run by low-income people with government or non-government assistance. It helps people manage their daily requirements by improving their quality of life and adding value to the local economy in underdeveloped countries. They provide many small-scale jobs, raise income, increase purchasing power, and strengthen the country's economy. The major goal of this research was to find out how women micro-entrepreneurs may run their businesses as under-represented and seemingly stigmatized minority business owners. Micro businesses make managerial decisions based on individual tastes and priorities. The study discovered that the true meaning of micro-enterprise management goes beyond the standard business semantics. The study included 384 women from the Parbat district of Nepal who worked in micro-enterprises. According to the study, the participation of family members has a substantial impact on the success of a micro business. The results suggest that 99 percent of the women agreed the involvement of family members and supporters to run the enterprise. Similarly 74.50 percent women agreed that they received training to run their enterprise.
6
Bates, Timothy. "Utilization of Minority Employees in Small Business: A Comparison of Nonminority and Black-Owned Urban Enterprises." Review of Black Political Economy 23, no. 1 (June 1994): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02895743.
Abstract:
Structural changes in the urban economy are causing African-American workers in blue collar occupations to rely increasingly upon the small business sector for employment. This study finds that most of the nonminority-owned small businesses operating in large urban areas do not employ minorities. Even among the businesses physically located within minority communities, the majority of the workers in the nonminority small firms are white. Black-owned businesses, in contrast, rely largely on minority workers even when their firms are located outside of minority neighborhoods.
7
Fauziah, Najim Nur. "Developing Cash Waqf Model as an Alternative Financing for Social Enterprises to Support Decent Work and Economic Growth in Indonesia." Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics 8, Special Issue (June 15, 2021): 195–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/a2759.
Abstract:
Social enterprises have substantially affected Indonesia’s economic growth and may contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs’) achievement. Social enterprises empower minority groups by giving greater accessibility to a facility for a sustainable means of livelihood to the low income and disadvantaged groups, which make up a considerable part of the population, thereby creating an inclusive workforce. However, financial issues still pose a challenge for the sustainability of social enterprises in Indonesia due to the awkward reconciliation of their social missions, a characteristic of their businesses, with the less attractive returns for their investors. Cash waqf is one of the Islamic social finance instruments accepted to invest and manage certain funds to solve different social challenges relevant to the SDGs. Hence, this study aims to achieve the following objectives: (i) to identify the current issues of social enterprises; and (ii) to propose an Integrated Cash Waqf Social Enterprise Business (ICWSE-B) model in achieving the SDG8 in Indonesia. This paper adopts a qualitative research method with primary data obtained mainly from interviews. The findings suggest that financing remains the most significant challenge for most social enterprise businesses. The study also introduced an innovative integrated business model of social enterprise and cash waqf known as the ICWSE-B model to solve many social enterprises’ financial issues. The proposed ICWSE-B model is considered most suitable for social enterprise as it supports decent work and economic growth of the SDGs.
8
Rice, Mitchell F. "Government Set-Asides, Minority Business Enterprises, and the Supreme Court." Public Administration Review 51, no. 2 (March 1991): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/977104.
9
Kitching, John, David Smallbone, and Rosemary Athayde. "Ethnic Diasporas and Business Competitiveness: Minority-Owned Enterprises in London." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 35, no. 4 (March 20, 2009): 689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830902765368.
10
ORTIZ-WALTERS, ROWENA, and MARK GIUS. "PERFORMANCE OF NEWLY-FORMED MICRO FIRMS: THE ROLE OF CAPITAL FINANCING IN MINORITY-OWNED ENTERPRISES." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 17, no. 03 (August 23, 2012): 1250014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946712500148.
Abstract:
We sought to ascertain whether newly-formed micro firms owned by minority entrepreneurs would be as likely to be profitable or not when compared to non-minority business owners. Additionally, we placed special emphasis on the impact of equity and debt to determine if capital financing influences firm profitability the same or differently for minority as compared to non-minority owned micro firms. Using longitudinal data from the Kauffman Firm Survey, micro firms owned by Hispanic and Black entrepreneurs were less likely to be profitable than non-minority owned micro firms, whereas profitability differences were not found between the latter and Asian-owned micro firms. Moreover, Hispanic and Black-owned micro firms that made use of personal debt were more likely to be profitable than those using only equity to finance operations. Asian-owned micro firms that utilized business debt were more likely to earn a profit than those solely using equity. Alternatively, non-minority owners benefited in terms of profitability from the use of both personal and business debt. Implications of these findings for minority entrepreneurship are discussed.
11
Dassler, Thoralf, Claire Seaman, Richard Bent, Lisa Lamb, and Nicola Mateer. "Composing a database of minority enterprises in Scotland." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 13, no. 2 (March 20, 2007): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552550710736938.
12
Weissenberger-Eibl, Marion, and Patrick Spieth. "Ownership structure and corporate governance code: The case of family business enterprises in Germany." Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 4 (2009): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i4c3p4.
Abstract:
Ownership of corporations in Germany is today highly concentrated in the hands of families and other companies. Theses ‘insider’ systems often result in core conflict tends to be between controlling shareholders and sometimes between strong stakeholders and weak minority shareholders. The aim of this paper is to research the characteristics of ownership and control in family business and point out the role of Family Business Governance in securing an appropriate control of the owning families. The authors give suggestions how to implement the German Governance Code recommendations in family businesses.
13
LIU, CATHY YANG. "THE CAUSES AND DYNAMICS OF MINORITY ENTREPRENEURIAL ENTRY." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 17, no. 01 (March 2012): 1250003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946712500033.
Abstract:
This study examines the causes and dynamics in the creation of business ventures by minority nascent entrepreneurs. Minority business enterprises are an important source of job creation and innovation in the US economy, as well as economic development engines in their respective communities. However, little is understood about the unique motivations, business strategies and plans in the early stage of their venture formation. This paper utilizes the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) dataset in investigating black and Hispanic entrepreneurial entry as compared to white nascent entrepreneurs around three important dimensions: motivation, business strategy, and community resources. It is found that blacks are highly driven by a range of motivational factors while Hispanics value intergenerational inheritance and role models in business ownership. Both groups heavily focus on a niche market strategy by lowering prices, serving markets missed by others and locating close to customers. Contrary to expectation, their perceptions of community resources are not more favorable than whites. Public policy implications are discussed.
14
Yatskevych, I. V., and N. D. Maslii. "«Smart Factories» as a Promising Direction for Digitalization of Enterprises." Business Inform 10, no. 525 (2021): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-10-363-367.
Abstract:
The work examines the role, problems and prospects of a «smart factory» in the conditions of digitalization of enterprises, taking into account imbalance of the business environment. It is defined that in modern conditions, most enterprises focus on automating business processes and increasing efficiency, and only a minority of them transforms the business model, which is grounded on an insufficient level of maturity for drastic changes. It is substantiated that the so-called «smart factory» is a promising direction for the development of digitalization of enterprises, taking into account the imbalance of the business environment. It is noted that the «smart factory» is an environment wherein machines and equipment can improve processes through automation and self-isolation. At the same time, they are aimed at mass production of articles, while maintaining a maximum production flexibility. These requirements are ensured due to the high level of automation and robotization of the enterprise. Automated control systems for technological and business processes are also widely used due to their consistency at each stage of interaction. The study of the content of the concept of «smart factory» allowed to determine and systematize its functions (planning, logistics, supply chain, product development), advantages (accessibility, optimization, proactivity, flexibility), segmentation, problem groups (personnel, technologies, business process). It is specified that the development and implementation of «smart factories», despite the advantages of the latter, can be difficult and risky. Enterprises that have succeeded with the introduction of «smart factories» can increase production and value by reducing production costs, improving quality and flexibility, as well as reducing the time for the market entrance.
15
Street, Donna L., Nancy B. Nichols, and Sidney J. Gray. "Segment Disclosures under SFAS No. 131: Has Business Segment Reporting Improved?" Accounting Horizons 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2000.14.3.259.
Abstract:
In response to user concerns regarding segment reporting, the FASB issued SFAS No. 131, Reporting Disaggregated Information about a Business Enterprise, in 1997. SFAS No. 131 became effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 1998. This research examines the segment disclosures of U.S. Global 1000 companies for both 1997 and 1998 to ascertain the impact and effectiveness of SFAS No. 131 in practice. Specifically, this research considers whether the new requirements have resulted in (1) a greater number of line-of-business (LOB) segments for some enterprises, particularly those who claimed to operate in one LOB under SFAS No. 14, (2) enterprises reporting more items of information about each segment, and (3) improved consistency of segment information with other parts of the annual report. The research also addresses whether restructuring by some firms might limit the provision of additional segment information under SFAS No. 131. The findings indicate significant changes from reporting under SFAS No. 14 including increased consistency with information in the MD&A and other annual report disclosures. However, the practices of a significant minority of companies continue to give some cause for concern.
16
Smallbone, David, David Deakins, Martina Battisti, and John Kitching. "Small business responses to a major economic downturn: Empirical perspectives from New Zealand and the United Kingdom." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 30, no. 7 (July 24, 2012): 754–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242612448077.
Abstract:
This article analyses small firm responses to a major economic downturn, based on empirical investigation in the UK and New Zealand. Despite differences in the timing and depth of the downturn, there is remarkable similarity in the sectoral composition of small enterprises and methods of financing in reported recession-related effects and business performance during 2008–2009. While recognising that the study focused on surviving businesses, in neither country did the downturn have a consistently negative impact on small businesses and in both countries a significant minority of firms surveyed performed well. The study provides much needed evidence on small businesse responses to major economic crisis. Conceptually it demonstrates that although many small firms are vulnerable to changes in circumstances over which they have no control, they show underlying resilience and a high level of adaptability and flexibility. Longitudinal follow-up is necessary to show how the types of adaptive behaviour observed impact on business performance.
17
Hussain, Javed, Cindy Millman, Jonathan Scott, Paul Hannon, and Harry Matlay. "Ethnic Minority Graduate Entrepreneurs in the UK." Industry and Higher Education 21, no. 6 (December 2007): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000007783099845.
Abstract:
Small ethnic minority businesses make an important contribution to the UK economy, and this is reflected in their rapid growth over the last decade. A considerable proportion of the growth in new venture creation can be attributed to ethnic minority graduates, who increasingly embark on entrepreneurship as a rewarding and fulfilling alternative to paid employment. An illustrative case study approach is adopted for the purpose of this research study. The results of a qualitative investigation of four new venture creation case studies of graduate ethnic minority entrepreneurs in the UK indicate that the main contribution of higher education for these graduate entrepreneurs was in the area of knowledge and skills acquisition. The main motivational factors acknowledged by the respondents included ‘lack of satisfaction’ in working for others, the need to be their own ‘boss’ and achieve more, and the prospect of higher earnings. The authors found no correlation between degree discipline and graduates' propensity to become entrepreneurs. Graduates from non-business disciplines appear to be more likely to engage in entrepreneurship. The size of start-up finance can have an impact on the survival and growth of new ventures. It is therefore suggested that financial institutions and government agencies should develop more focused services, aimed specifically at supporting ethnic minority graduate entrepreneurs in their drive to convert business ideas into thriving and employment-generating enterprises.
18
Appiah, Bismark Kusi, Zhang Donghui, and Shapan Chandra Majumder. "Impact of ethnicity and self-employment on initial financing and business performance in entrepreneurship in China." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 12, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-06-2019-0033.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of the current study is to analyze the influence that is caused by ethnicity and volunteer self-employment in entrepreneurship on the initial financing and business performance of Chinese enterprises. The increasing trend of entrepreneurship has raised certain ethnic challenges in entrepreneurship owing to globalization and now there are several minority groups that are running their households in China. So, the current study aims to assess whether the minority-operated and majority-operated firms have different access to initial financing and different business performance. Design/methodology/approach The data are collected from 25 Chinese enterprises about the current variables, and the relationships are tested. This study has used the ordinary least of square (OLS) regression model to examine the findings. Findings The purposive sampling is used in the current study because the purpose of the present research is to understand and study the role of ethnicity and self-employment in initial financing and business performance of Chinese enterprises and so the data was collected from related enterprises. This study has used the ordinary least of square (OLS) regression model to examine the findings. Originality/value The current findings have significant implications in theory and practice. This study will be a great addition to the literature because the self-employment has never been examined before in such models to assess the role of forceful or volunteer self-employment in entrepreneurship, and so, it will open new doors of research for future researchers.
19
Demaria, Cyril. "Sub-Optimal Risk–Return Profiles in Private Equity:The Case of Minority Business Enterprises Investing." Journal of Private Equity 14, no. 4 (August 31, 2011): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpe.2011.14.4.061.
20
Haag, Kajsa, Jan Andersson, and Lars-Göran Sund. "Share Transfer Restrictions and Family Business: The Minority Shareholder Perspective." European Business Law Review 26, Issue 3 (May 1, 2015): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2015022.
Abstract:
Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), of which most are family-owned businesses (FOBs), play a substantial part in any nation's economy. They are, in many ways, different from large companies with scattered ownership; therefore, further developments accounting for their special circumstances are needed. We study shareholder protection and aim to narrow the gap between theory and practice regarding commercial law in relation to the FOBs. An entrepreneurially friendly environment presupposes that owners can protect their ownership positions against unwanted acquisitions of shares, and not be unwillingly locked-in in a position as minority owners. This requires legal rules that are neither unnecessarily costly, nor time and energy consuming to comply with. Legislators should thus provide a set of rules that facilitates owners to effectively avoid both unwanted acquisitions of shares and locked-in positions. We conclude that default rules, such as a right of first refusal, should be included in the articles of association. We also find it important to allow clauses that enhance the possibility of avoiding locked-in positions, where most national legislations today permit only clauses that contribute to the protection of ownership positions.
21
Starbird, S. Andrew, Jill M. Martin, Yacanex Posadas, and Alma Gutiérrez. "The Impact of Formality, Integration, and Commitment on the Performance of Latino-Owned Small Businesses." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030105.
Abstract:
Supporting the growth of minority-owned small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important goal in many countries. In the US, Latinos start businesses faster than any other demographic group, yet Latino wealth and income have not kept pace with the broader society. In this study, we explore the impact of different business and owner characteristics on the performance of Latino-owned small businesses. Using a survey of over 200 Latino small business owners in Silicon Valley, we apply ordered logistic regression to measure the effect of several variables on firm revenue. Our findings suggest that in addition to the gender and education of the owner, the most important factors impacting business performance are the owner’s commitment to the business, formal registration of the business, and the degree to which the business is integrated into the broader business community. This research adds to our understanding of the factors that significantly impact the economic success of Latino-owned small businesses. The results will be helpful to organizations that support the development and sustainability of Latino entrepreneurship.
22
Dhaliwal, Spinder. "The take-up of business support by minority ethnic enterprises: The experience of South Asian businesses in England." International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 2, no. 1 (March 2006): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-7090-y.
23
MUKHAMETZYANOV, Irik Z., Il'ya D. PIORUNSKII, and Gul'nara I. SUMBERG. "Evaluating the activity of a chemical enterprise based on the comprehensive analysis of trends in technical, economic, and financial indicators." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 10 (October 29, 2021): 1833–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.10.1833.
Abstract:
Subject. The article analyzes the economic activity of a large enterprise and forecasts basic technical and economic indicators. Objectives. Our aim is to develop analytical tools for business analysis, based on official reporting data, intended to increase the reliability of knowledge about the business situation at the enterprise. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of technical and economic indicators, intelligent multidimensional data analysis, forecasting methods, time series models, and multivariate dynamic regression models. Results. We developed tools to evaluate management decisions on the basis of the volatility of income and expenditure indicators, which enable to assess the effectiveness of technical and economic solutions. We also developed a hybrid approach to forecasting the main technical and economic indicators based on models combining the multivariate dynamic regression models, multivariate autoregressive models, and adaptive forecasting models. The presented analytical tools for business analysis were tested on the materials of three large industrial enterprises of the chemical complex. Conclusions. The offered instrumental methods can be integrated into the analysis of enterprise by minority shareholders or potential investors, who do not have access to management statements. We also recommend them as analytical tools in the field of business consulting and business analysis for various purposes, including investment ones, to increase the reliability of knowledge about the condition of business, according to official reports of the enterprise.
24
Haldipur, Rajesh, Vijaya Narapareddy, and S. R. Vishwanath. "Wipro Ltd.: The Demerger of Wipro Enterprises." Asian Case Research Journal 21, no. 02 (December 2017): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927517500122.
Abstract:
In November 2012, Wipro Ltd., a NYSE listed IT Services company, announced its plan to demerge the non-IT businesses into an unlisted entity — Wipro Enterprises. The case highlights the governance, valuation, and ethical issues surrounding the demerger. Shareholders were given three options to choose from. But, in reality, they had no choice but to exchange Wipro Enterprises shares that they would receive after the demerger with Wipro Ltd shares because Wipro Enterprises would remain unlisted. The case asks the student to analyze the restructuring from an investor’s perspective. The case is especially interesting in that it provides a platform to discuss governance issues in the context of a familyowned public firm. It demonstrates how the preferences of majority shareholders can affect the wealth of minority shareholders.
25
Pearson, John N., Stanley E. Fawcett, and Alicia Cooper. "Challenges and Approaches to Purchasing from Minority-Owned Firms: A Longitudinal Examination." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18, no. 2 (January 1994): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800204.
Abstract:
Historically, large corporations and minority-business enterprises (MBEs) have encountered many impediments as they have worked together. As a result, the government has adopted public policy to help promote greater interaction between large firms and MBEs. At the same time, the competitive environment has changed in ways that make it important for large corporations and MBEs to work more closely. This paper presents the results of a study that examined the impediments and approaches to buyer/supplier relationships between Fortune 500 firms that have corporate minority purchasing programs and MBEs.
26
Mafrolla, Elisabetta, Felice Matozza, and Eugenio D'Amico. "Enterprise Risk Management In Private Firms: Does Ownership Structure Matter?" Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 32, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v32i2.9603.
Abstract:
Private firms adopt Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) practices voluntarily. Using results of a survey that involved 78 respondents, we investigate the adoption of ERM practices in Italian private corporations and question whether ERM adoption is affected by the ownership structure of the firm. We find that agency conflicts between controlling and minority shareholders, which arise when ownership dispersion decreases, affect ERM adoption, and that when proprietorship is more dispersed, the firm places more focus on ERM projects. Additionally, we document the different roles of different types of owners. More specifically, in line with the patronage agency theory, the government-controlled enterprises undergo more intense ERM, whereas, in line with behavioral agency theory, individual and family-controlled firms pay less attention to ERM adoption.
27
Tabot Enow, Samuel, and Peter Kamala. "Cash management practices of small, medium and micro enterprises in the Cape Metropolis, South Africa." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(1-1).2016.10.
Abstract:
The aim of this research article is to investigate the cash management practices of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in the Cape Metropolis, in South Africa. Data are collected from a sample of 200 SMMEs by means of a closed-ended questionnaire survey. The findings of the study revealed that most of the sampled SMMEs manage their cash effectively. However, only a minority of these entities hold cash for speculative purposes or even invest their surplus cash gainfully, thus, they fail to optimize on their scarce cash resources. Likewise, only a minority of the SMMEs employ computers for managing their cash, which is rather surprising given the proliferation of computers at a low cost in South Africa
28
Thomas, Steffan. "Mutually Beneficial Publisher and Artist Regulated Distribution Model for the Niche Music Industry." Journal of Creative Industries and Cultural Studies 3 (2017): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56140/jocis-v3-2.
Abstract:
Copyright and intellectual protection cannot always answer the requirements for a niche independent or minority language music publisher or artist. This paper assesses the challenges faced within the independent niche and minority language music market, and seeks to establish a model which could generate a sustainable digital income and reap remuneration for creativity. Using Varian’s (2005) fourteen business model categorisations as a framework, four types of business model solutions are considered: a price based model; a control model; a bundled model; and finally an enhanced content and relationship model. This paper concludes with a conceptual model which could be mutually beneficial for publishers and consumers of niche music. The niche, independent or minority language artists or publishers will be referred to as micro or SME companies (Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises) within this paper. Micro and SME’s as a classification, rather than independent publishers, limits the scope of the proposed model’s application to companies with a staff of fewer than 25 and a turnover below £10million. These are companies with limited resources to invest in researching and developing a digital distribution strategy.
29
Bates, Timothy. "CONTESTED TERRAIN." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 12, no. 1 (2015): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x14000289.
Abstract:
AbstractSince 1969, the procurement powers of government have been used proactively to assist minority-owned businesses. Originating in the U.S. Small Business Administration, the practice of targeting procurement contracts to minority-owned business enterprises (MBEs) has expanded throughout government and corporate America. Compared to other minorities, Black-owned firms have been the most active participants. Preferential procurement has been controversial for decades, and its effectiveness for assisting bona fide MBEs has been repeatedly questioned. “Front-company” abuses have received abundant media attention; allegations of reverse discrimination have inspired legal challenges; the judiciary has often thrown out procurement preferences targeted to minorities. Less attention has focused on understanding whether racially targeted procurement preferences have assisted minority-owned businesses.As the multi-billion dollar government and corporate procurement market opened up, employment in Black-owned firms operating in the impacted industries soared. Growing access to procurement opportunities encouraged firm creation and expansion. Government entities operating successful programs actively screened out front firms, eased bonding requirements, downsized and unbundled contracts, and paid MBE vendor invoices promptly. In the process, they effectively lowered key barriers limiting MBE participation in mainstream procurement markets. Well-designed and administered programs succeeded because they created a less discriminatory environment, thus allowing talented entrepreneurs to build large firms. Problems notwithstanding, preferential procurement programs have been highly successful, and this success is a reflection of declining barriers unleashing the creativity of new generations of Black entrepreneurs.
30
Chen, Wuxiang. "Developing a Sustainable Business Model of Ecotourism in Ethnic-Minority Regions Guided by the Green Economy Concept." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021400.
Abstract:
China as a relatively large group of ethnic minorities in a country, the existence of ethnic minorities on the development of society had a great impact. At present, mass tourism in minority areas has brought many positive benefits, but also produced negative effects such as environmental pollution, local culture extinction and over-commercialization, which affected the business model of sustainable development of tourism in minority areas. Therefore, this paper aims at optimizing the environment, culture, commercialization and other issues of tourism in ethnic minority areas, and promoting the sustainable development of tourism in ethnic minority areas. Using principal component analysis and high-order confirmatory factor analysis model, this paper discusses the basic situation of tourism environment in minority areas from the perspective of tourists’ cognition. Taking the 4A-level scenic spots in three emerging areas of China as a case study, this paper provides a reference for the future tourism development of emerging areas, and considers the impact of COVID-19 epidemic. Firstly, it introduces the current tourism development in emerging areas. Then, the scale is designed by high-order factor analysis. Six first-order factors and 31 s-order factors are used to analyze the perceived quality of tourists in ethnic areas. Finally, this paper evaluates the tourism development in minority areas through the above design. In this paper, a total of 863 random tourists are investigated. It is found that the perceived quality of tourists in emerging market areas is the inclusive perception and evaluation of tourists. It involves the supply of tourism enterprises, the service of tourism staff, infrastructure and public management, the life of community residents and personal tourism experience. This paper comprehensively evaluated the tourism development of emerging areas from the above six aspects, and provided reference for the future green sustainable development of tourism in emerging areas through factor analysis. The research results provide a reference for optimizing the basic mode of tourism environment, culture and commercialization in emerging areas. Meanwhile, it also contributes to optimizing the research methods of tourism development and user perception in emerging market areas.
31
Scott, Jonathan M., and David Irwin. "Discouraged Advisees? The Influence of Gender, Ethnicity, and Education in the Use of Advice and Finance by UK SMEs." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 27, no. 2 (April 2009): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0806b.
Abstract:
We investigate the influence of gender, ethnicity, and education in the use of external advice and finance by UK small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A conceptual model of ‘discouraged advisees’ was developed as a framework for analysis of the results of a telephone survey of 400 SMEs. We found an association between the use of external advice and the ability to raise bank finance. Furthermore, both men and black and minority ethnic (BME) participants were more likely to use family and friends for advice, whilst women were twice as likely as men to use Business Link. BME business owners were discouraged from using less ‘trusted’ sources, such as Business Link, possibly believing them insufficiently tailored or that they would provide inappropriate advice. Therefore, the findings provide support for our conceptual model of discouraged advisees and have implications for the provision of advice for business owners from BME communities.
32
Anastakis, Dimitry. "From Independence to Integration: The Corporate Evolution of the Ford Motor Company of Canada, 1904–2004." Business History Review 78, no. 2 (2004): 213–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25096866.
Abstract:
In the century since its founding, the Ford Motor Company of Canada has evolved from a relatively independent entity within the Ford empire, with a strong element of minority ownership and its own overseas subsidiaries, to a fully integrated and wholly owned part of Ford's North American operations. The unique emergence and transformation of Ford-Canada among Ford's foreign enterprises is explained by Canada's changing automotive trade policies, the personal relations of the Ford family with its Canadian offspring, and a corporate strategy pursued by Henry Ford's successors and the American Ford company, which sought to bring Ford-Canada more directly under Detroit's control.
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Carlucci, Daniela, Paolo Renna, Sergio Materi, and Giovanni Schiuma. "Intelligent decision-making model based on minority game for resource allocation in cloud manufacturing." Management Decision 58, no. 11 (April 7, 2020): 2305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-09-2019-1303.
Abstract:
PurposeThis paper proposes a model based on minority game (MG) theory to support the decision-making regarding the efficient allocation and exploitation of resources/services among the partners of a cloud manufacturing (CMfg) system. CMfg system is a new manufacturing paradigm to share manufacturing capabilities and resources on a cloud platform. The use of a decision model to organize and manage the resources and services provided by the autonomous participants of a CMfg has crucial relevance for the system's effectiveness and efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThis research proposes a noncooperation model based on MG theory. The MG is designed to make decisions on the use of resources/services among the partners of CMfg with private information. A simulation environment was developed to test the efficiency of the proposed decision model. Moreover, an ideal decision model with complete information among the partners was used as a benchmark model.FindingsThe simulation results show how the application of the proposed MG model outperforms the MG model usually proposed in the literature. In particular, the proposed decision model based on private information has an efficiency closer to the ideal model with complete information among the partners of a CMfg.Originality/valueThis paper advances knowledge about the application of MG in the field of CMfg system. The proposed decision-making model based on MG is a promising approach to help enterprises, and especially small and medium enterprises, to participate in CMfg initiatives and to develop their business.
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Boston, Thomas D. "Characteristics of Black-Owned Corporations in Atlanta: With Comments on the Smobe Undercount." Review of Black Political Economy 23, no. 4 (June 1995): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689914.
Abstract:
Black-owned corporations are only 3 percent of all black-owned businesses in the nation, but account for almost half of all revenue and employment of these businesses. Even though their rate of growth greatly exceeds that of proprietorships and partnerships, very little is known about the characteristics of black-owned corporations. The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises (SMOBE) is published every five years by the Department of Commerce and is the most comprehensive source of information on black-owned businesses. Yet, most researchers fail to realize that this survey does not include all corporations in its survey universe, but only 1120 S corporations. This study uses primary data collected on 722 of the most successful black-owned businesses in the Atlanta metropolitan area. We analyze the characteristics of black-owned corporations and the human capital attributes of their owners, and we comment on the SMOBE undercount of 1120 subchapter C corporations. We find that in Atlanta, not only do black-owned subchapter C corporations greatly outnumber S corporations, but they also have a much greater financial capacity.
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Patakyová, Mária, and Jana Duračinská. "Limited Liability Company in Slovakia: Current Problems Faced." Central European Journal of Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2020.1.179-194.
Abstract:
This article is focused on the Limited Liability Company (LLC), the most popular form of company in Slovakia, as a legal form for small and medium enterprises. The article analyses selected topics that are important for comparison and for establishing a better understanding of the Slovak regulation; these are mainly capital requirements and capital protection, bans on the return of investment contributions, management responsibility, the responsibility of the single or majority member, and rules on minority protection. The article also describes the current problems regarding the LLC regulation in Slovakia (restrictions on the company formation, transfer of business shares, piercing the corporate veil, de facto statutory body/ director.
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Zhang, Dengjun, and Yuquan Cang. "Ownership concentration, foreign ownership and auditing: evidence from SMEs in Latin America." Pacific Accounting Review 33, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-06-2020-0081.
Abstract:
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of ownership concentration of the largest shareholder and foreign ownership on the demand for an external audit for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in six Latin American countries. In particular, the authors test whether foreign-owned firms (compared with domestic private-owned firms) and domestic firms with minority foreign shareholders are more likely engaged in audit assurance. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied the logit model to estimate the impact of ownership concentration and owner/shareholder type on audit demand, using a sample of 4,609 SMEs. The probabilities of being audited for firms in these countries are then calculated from the estimation results. Findings The empirical results suggest an inverse relationship between ownership concentration and audit demand only for Uruguay and Peru. However, foreign-owned firms and domestic private-owned firms with minority foreign ownership have a high probability of being audited for all sample countries. Research limitations/implications Policymakers in developing countries may promote foreign investments in domestic private-owned firms to improve their corporate transparency and governance. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing literature on the impact of ownership on audit demand by particularly focusing on foreign owners and foreign minority shareholders. The findings indicate that foreign ownership (either majority or minority) contributes to corporate transparency and business environments in emerging countries.
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Mendy, John, and Dieu Hack-Polay. "Learning from failure." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-11-2017-0332.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the high failure among African entrepreneurs post-2008 financial crisis. It evaluates the evidence of actual and perceived disadvantage and endogenous and exogenous factors affecting black and minority ethnic businesses. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on an interpretivist frame which uses a dialogic methodology. It uses in-depth interviews. The researchers framed discussion questions so as to invite the participants to articulate directly their experiences for the benefit of the readership, other existing African businesses and aspiring entrepreneurs. Findings The findings from the interviews with 20 leaders of “dead” businesses indicate the impact that place, people and poverty have on business failure and identify reasons for African business failure rates compared to other minorities. This study reveals that culture, an often understated variable, is critical in understanding the deeper reasons for the under-performance of African small entrepreneurs and its impacts on individual and collective lives. Practical implications Recovery solutions ought to be formulated from participants’ call for diversification, inter-cultural learning and integration as potential remedies. The research addresses the socio-economic problems encountered by owners of “dead” businesses. Policymakers and financial organisations ought to pay heed to the skills and resources that minorities offer as part of remedies for future enterprises. Originality/value Studies on failed African businesses are under-represented in the literature. This study identifies the important role of culture on the failure of small businesses owned by African migrants in the UK. It highlights the significant socio-economic and situational barriers that they navigate in quest for recognition and cultural integration through business endeavours.
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M., Thenmozhi, and Aghila Sasidharan. "Does board independence enhance firm value of state-owned enterprises? Evidence from India and China." European Business Review 32, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 785–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-09-2019-0224.
Abstract:
Purpose This study aims to examine the effectiveness of governance in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and explores if board independence enhances the firm value of SOEs in India and China. The study further explores the moderation impact of promoter ownership in enhancing firm value. Design/methodology/approach The study is confined to government-owned enterprises in India and China and is based on a sample of 53 central government-owned firms listed in National Stock Exchange of India and 110 state-owned firms listed in Shanghai Stock Exchange of China for the period 2010–2017. A fixed-effect panel regression analysis has been used to examine the effect of board independence on firm value. Findings The study found that board independence adds value to the SOEs in India and China and the presence of independent directors (IDs) in the board of SOEs act as better monitors of performance to protect the interest of minority shareholders. Probably, they minimize agency conflict and provide resources to the firm and management. The greater the government shareholdings, the board independence further enhances value of SOEs in India and China. Practical implications Compliance with guidelines on IDs in SOEs serves as an effective corporate governance mechanism and the presence of IDs can signal better firm performance. The government promoters align with the IDs in better monitoring of SOE performance. Originality/value The study is unique and contributes to the literature by examining the impact of board independence on firm value in the context of SOEs in India and China and also provides insight on the effect of promoter ownership on the effectiveness on board independence.
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Veselá, Lucie. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Electronic Data Interchange." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 6 (2017): 2123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765062123.
Abstract:
Implementation of electronic data interchange (EDI) is thus more desirable and will be one of the major determinants of business success of a company. Despite the current pressure of the public sphere and all the benefits that the adoption of EDI provides, the expansion of this technology is still a minority in the Czech Republic. The aim of this paper is to identify the specifics of EDI adoption, quantify their significance, mutual conditionality and propose a new general model of EDI adoption in businesses. The conclusions of this document are based on the primary data collected through a questionnaire survey in 2015. There were the key factors influencing the likelihood of EDI adoption and their interconnectedness identified. This model reflects the main determinants of the adoption of exchange structured messages for businesses as perceived benefits, external pressure, readiness, attitude of CEO, type of product, participation of trading partners, character of company etc. This study provides a comprehensive survey of motives and barriers of EDI adoption for enterprises, which are aware of the necessary interoperability within the single European market and its highly competitive environment.
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Papp, Tekla. "The Status of the Limited Liability Company since the New Hungarian Civil Code Came into Effect." Central European Journal of Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 147–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2020.1.147-178.
Abstract:
Historically, the form of the limited liability company was first introduced in Hungary by Act V of 1930. This type of company, which is equipped with all the advantages of members in a limited liability, was born out of the relevant necessity in the economy. However, it is quite flexible in its nature, could be established easily and demonstrates a simpler organizational structure than a company limited by shares. Therefore, the limited liability company fits within the general frame of small and medium enterprises, and is the main and most popular form of a company in Hungary. This paper gives an overview of the characteristics, regulations, foundation, organization, minority rights, business share, members and managing directors’ liabilities in Hungarian limited liability companies from a regulatory and practical perspective.
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Thongyai, Kulteera, and Wisanupong Potipiroon. "The Influence of Entrepreneurial Leadership on Organizational Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand during COVID-19 Pandemic." 13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 13, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(39).
Abstract:
In Thailand, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have played a significant role in promoting economic growth and sustainable development. Thai SMEs constitute a major source of employment, generate significant earnings, and contribute to the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Accordingly, the 4th SME Promotion Master Plan (2017-2021) has put a significant emphasis on upgrading Thai SMEs and increasing their growth potential. However, Thai SMEs still have problems and limitations, for instance, almost all are small enterprises, few medium enterprises, management system limitations, only a minority of SMEs able to compete in the international market, and a continuous trade deficit. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has further the slowdown in the economic growth of SMEs. (The Office of SMEs Promotion, 2022). Therefore, SMEs need to continuously improve and develop organizational performance to compete in the domestic and international markets. It is important to understand how SMEs can continue to grow and compete in the markets. Previous research in the business management literature indicates that there are several factors that account for the development of SMEs including CEO Attributes, leadership styles, and human resource management. Recent research also reveals that in order to survive the new normal imposed by COVID-19 and the market competition, several SMEs have adopted technical innovation and marketing and processes innovation (Akpan et al., 2020; El Chaarani et al., 2021). Keywords: Entrepreneurial Leadership; Intellectual Capital; Innovation; Organizational Performance
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Zejnullahu, Njomëza. "Principal-agent problems in publicly owned enterprises: The failure of the shareholder." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 4 (2021): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i4art6.
Abstract:
The presence of principal-agent problems in publicly owned enterprises is highlighted by many scholars. Unfortunately, such problems are present in publicly owned enterprises (POEs) in Kosovo too. Capture, rent-seeking, moral hazard, information asymmetry, and adverse selection are some of the agency problems that POEs in Kosovo are facing, negatively impacting their performance and citizens’ welfare. Recently, one of the POEs that used to be the most profitable is on the verge of bankruptcy with bank accounts blocked. This paper aims to explore the relevance of principal-agent problems in the governance of publicly owned enterprises and the failure of the shareholder to play its role and pursue the best interest of POEs. The paper also questions the applicability of the principal-agent model in POEs when the shareholder fails to play its role as a principal by concluding that the lack of “real” principal in publicly owned enterprises undermines the applicability of principal-agent theory and there is a need to make the Government more responsible by taking some measures such as the inclusion of private sector as a shareholder. The paper concludes that the Government must act as a responsible shareholder and exercise its role properly while also raises the opportunity of the inclusion of the private sector as minority shareholders in POEs, which may help in increasing the responsibility of the shareholder in the oversight of the management of POEs. Conclusions of the paper may be relevant for further studies regarding the corporate governance and structure of publicly owned enterprises from the perspective of the agency theory and hence exploring possibilities of reducing principal-agent problems in POEs.
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Todorov, Lyubomir. "PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF INCOME CAPITALIZATION METHOD IN BUSINESS VALUATION – SOME HIGHLIGHTS." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34010025t.
Abstract:
The paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of the income approach in business valuation, the essence of the method of income capitalization, as well as the peculiarities related to its application. Two main variants of the method are presented, depending on the choice of income to be capitalized. The first option is based on the net cash flow and is mainly applied to the valuation of enterprises with high investment absorption and, respectively, high share of depreciation in total expenses. The second option is based on net profit and is preferred by valuers when valuing low investment absorption firms or holding companies.A practical case study is presented to evaluate a holding company related to the determination of the market value of a minority share package. The cost of equity of the rated entity is determined by the CAPM model modifications for emerging markets. At the end, conclusions have been drawn and some problems have been described that appraisers should pay attention to. The Income Capitalization method has an easy algorithm, but its practical application is not so simple. Both fundamental knowledge and experience, as well as evaluators' attention are required, as a number of factors and circumstances must be taken into account regarding: the choice of income to be capitalized, the choice of variant for valuation methodology, model for determining the cost of equity or the weighted average cost of capital, determining the “small firm risk premium”, determining the normalized income, the long-term rate of income growth, adjustments for minority or majority ownership, adjustments for marketability and others. In this method, the market value of equity (VE) is highly sensitive to the discount rate (the cost of capital), the long-term growth rate and the capitalization rate, respectively. Even small differences in these parameters can lead to a large difference in the value of the estimate. This requires precision and good argumentation on the part of the valuers regarding the pricing of equity, the cost of debt and the long-term average annual growth rate of income.For companies with stable incomes and good prospects for development, this method provides a relatively accurate estimate of the market value of equity. However, it must be borne in mind that the future is always uncertain. In this regard, appraisers should make a sufficiently accurate assessment of the level of business risk and financial risk of the entity being evaluated.
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Wang, Hecheng, Junzheng Feng, Hui Zhang, and Xin Li. "The effect of digital transformation strategy on performance." International Journal of Conflict Management 31, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-09-2019-0166.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to verify whether digital transformation strategy (DTS) could improve the organizational performance and provide a comprehensive analysis for enterprises on the necessity of implementing digital transformation in the context of China and draw on the perspectives of “Skewed conflict,” “minority dissent theory” and “too-much-of-a-good-thing.” This study investigates the curvilinear moderating role of cognitive conflict between DTS and performance. Design/methodology/approach An empirical investigation was used to collect a large sample data of Chinese enterprises’ digital transformation. A multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS was used to test the proposed hypotheses such as the inverted U-shaped moderating effect of the cognitive conflict. Findings In the Chinese context, DTS has a positive relationship on the short- and long-term financial performance. Moreover, this relationship was moderated by cognitive conflict such that the relationship between DTS and short-term financial performance could be further enhanced under the moderate cognitive conflict; however, the relationship between DTS and long-term financial performance was considerably influenced for higher cognitive conflict. Originality/value Based on the co-evolution of the information technology/information system (IT/IS) and business strategy, this study clarified the relationships among DTS, digital strategy and business and information technology strategies. By focusing on corporate strategy, this study further examined the effect of digital transformation on both short- and long-term financial performance. To further reveal the micro-psychological mechanisms underlying the effect of DTS on organizational performance, this study confirmed the inverted U-shaped moderating effect of the top management team’s cognitive conflict. Therefore, this research provides a new theoretical perspective for future research in the field of IT/IS, DTS and digital strategy.
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CRICK, DAVE, and SHIV CHAUDHRY. "EAST MEETS WEST IN EXPORT PRACTICES: FINDINGS FROM SURVEY OF ASIAN AND INDIGENOUS (WHITE)-OWNED U.K. FIRMS." Journal of Enterprising Culture 06, no. 01 (March 1998): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495898000060.
Abstract:
This paper reports on an ongoing, government funded empirical investigation into U.K. managers' export behaviour and assistance requirements. Specifically, it focuses on one aspect of the study and establishes using MANOVA that differences exist between managers of U.K. small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) owned by executives from particular ethnic origins in relation to their motives for engaging in export activities. It provides a contribution to the knowledge in the area of cross-cultural entrepreneurial research since, although a body of literature exists on the topics of export management in SMEs and the business practices of ethnic minority-owned firms, there is the need to bring these two topics together in the form of a single study to establish the extent to which managers from different sub-cultures differ in their export behaviour and assistance requirements. The study concludes that since managers from particular ethnic origins are found to differ in their export behaviour, policy makers may need to reconsider the ways in which support is provided and targeted to avoid wasting scarce resources.
46
Blount, Ian Y., and James A. Hill. "Supplier diversification by executive order: Examining the effect reporting compliance, education and training, outreach, and proximity to leadership have on government procurement behavior with minority business enterprises." Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management 21, no. 4 (December 2015): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2015.04.001.
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Kotlowski, Dean. "Black Power—Nixon Style: The Nixon Administration and Minority Business Enterprise." Business History Review 72, no. 3 (1998): 409–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116216.
Abstract:
In the recent debate over minority contract set-asides, many policy-makers have forgotten this program's origins. Richard Nixon, moved by philosophical, practical, and political considerations, made minority business enterprise a theme of his 1968 presidential campaign and his first administration. By using set-asides, the Nixon administration overcame its meager funding of the Office of Minority Business Enterprise (OMBE) and encouraged minority entrepreneurship. Nixon's actions influenced federal policy toward minority owned businesses for two decades.
48
Yang, Jingjing, Chris Ryan, and Lingyun Zhang. "External entrepreneurs/investors and guanxi: hostels in a tourism area, Xinjiang, China." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 26, no. 6 (August 5, 2014): 833–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-01-2013-0049.
Abstract:
Purpose – This research aims to explore how outsider entrepreneurs maintain harmonious guanxi with stakeholders (especially the government) in an ethnic minority area of less-developed western China. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is derived from an ethnographic study undertaken by the first author who lived for 12 consecutive months in the case area. Findings – This research indicates that outsider entrepreneurs need to balance between standards required by industry associations and sound “guanxi”, between bureaucratic arrangements and business practice, between economic profit and lifestyle within a guanxi-dominated society. It may be argued that the continuance of relationships represents the continuance of resources and benefits and the maintenance of social and political capital. Practical implications – One issue in the relationship with local governments is the question to what degree politicians can influence enterprises’ business? Political guanxi is thus an important key to any understanding of the local political scene. In China, the Chinese philosophy that Harmony is the most precious is a strategy often adopted in mediation and operation. Originality/value – Factors including guanxi, entrepreneurs’ operation motivations, government-directed political system, indigenous people and culture and Butler’s tourism area life cycle (TALC) model are considered in the discussion. This study expands the knowledge pertaining to hostels in China in relation to their interaction with local governments and locals to maintain a good guanxi. It highlights the multiple dimensions of guanxi in terms of micro-and macro-perspectives with reference to functionality and cultural requirements.
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Graborov, Sergei. "The majority and optimization harmonization of justice and efficiency of citizens and production taxation." Economics and the Mathematical Methods 57, no. 4 (2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s042473880017513-3.
Abstract:
A majority and optimization approach to the formalized harmonization of justice and efficiencyof citizens and production taxation is provided in this paper. The principal peculiarities of such approach include, first, introducing the new versions of specification and model formalization of notions of concepts of justice and efficiency of taxation, second, creation of theoretical models of optimization of citizens and production taxation, relative to them. The concept of genic and cultural rent, which is the essential part of incomes from the working and entrepreneurial activities. Its partial exemption is implied by means of progressive taxes. In order to ensure justice of distribution, the minimization of tax payments of their majority with low, middle and relatively high incomes is deemed as a criterion of optimality of individual taxation. Meanwhile, to allow for the economic interests of minority of individuals with very high incomes the constraints on the maximum possible values of tax rates on the incomes, property and consumption are imposed, in order to enable them to benefit from living in their own country. The optimization of production taxation is executed by means of maximization of the sum of the values added of all the enterprises under the constraints on the total tax payments of citizens and enterprises,as well as on the values of tax rates. As a result, the economy, all things being equal, enters the frontier of production possibilities, which makes the necessary tax conditions of efficiency of doing business in one's own country. The proposed majority and optimization approach form the theoretical conditions of formalized harmonization of justice of individual taxation and the efficiency of production taxation.
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Abderrahim, Fatihi, Radid Mohamed, El Kababi Khadija, and Khalid Lahyani. "The Role of Entrepreneurship Education in the Development of Female Entrepreneurial Intention among Students at Hassan II University in Casablanca, Morocco." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.12.26.
Abstract:
This article aims to describe a new idea about female entrepreneurial intentions in Morocco, which are lower than men's. The rate of women's involvement in business in Morocco is still low (16.2%). To stimulate female entrepreneurship, the Moroccan authorities have been making remarkable efforts for years and are undertaking actions and policies that facilitate the creation of enterprises and the development of the business world. Encouraging girls' schooling and entrepreneurship education is increasingly emerging as a stimulus for women's entrepreneurship. Our research is part of this perspective, gaining momentum among education policymakers. Having dealt in our previous studies with the impact of entrepreneurship training on the development of entrepreneurial intention among students at Hassan II University in Casablanca, Morocco, and given that the rate of female students represents 56% of the total number of students, the rate of female entrepreneurship is still low. It is worth and even necessary to study the impact of this type of training on the entrepreneurial intention of female students at Hassan II University of Casablanca. To achieve this, we proceeded with a bibliographical study of the subject, and from an exploratory study that we conducted using a qualitative survey, we collected actual data, allowing us to draw scientific results. This survey used a questionnaire on Google Drive, which we tested, readjusted, and validated by three university expert teachers and administered to the female students of Hassan II University of Casablanca. We developed new research results through our survey of female students at this university and clearly showed that female entrepreneurial intention increases among students who have taken entrepreneurship courses or participated in seminars that encourage business creation and female entrepreneurship. Most of these students (60%) believe that entrepreneurship education stimulates their desire to be women entrepreneurs, while only a minority (6.83%) opts for salaried employment and function.