Academic literature on the topic 'Minorities – Case studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Minorities – Case studies"
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Mehfooz, Musferah. "Religious Freedom in Pakistan: A Case Study of Religious Minorities." Religions 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12010051.
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The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a multi-racial and multi-religious nation, with Muslims being in the majority. Its 1973 Constitution guarantees religious freedom to all religious minorities, including Christians, Hindus, and Sikhs. This is mainly because Islam itself ensures religious freedom to the whole of humanity. Unfortunately, some Muslim clerics seem to be attempting to deny religious freedom to other faiths in Pakistan. Their opposition to the plurality of faith contradicts Islamic principles. This research paper identifies such Islamic principles and examines the undesirability of the mistreatment of religious minorities in Pakistan, focusing on the arguments for and against religious freedom in Pakistan on the one hand, and the religious rights and freedoms of non-Muslim minorities from an Islamic perspective on the other. The methodology applied in this discussion is critical analysis. The conclusion drawn is that both the Constitution of Pakistan and Islam guarantee religious freedom to the country’s religious minorities. Finally, this study suggests some practical mechanisms to reconcile the different religious groups in Pakistan.
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Lang, Graeme. "Book Review: China’s Minorities on the Move: Selected Case Studies." China Information 18, no. 3 (November 2004): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x0401800315.
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Henrard, Kristin. "EU Law’s Half-Hearted Protection of Religious Minorities Minority Specific Rights and Freedom of Religion for All." Religions 12, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100830.
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This article begins with some reflections on the definition of religious minorities, their needs and rights and how this relates to the discussion about the need for minority specific rights in addition to general fundamental rights as rights for all human beings irrespective of particular identity features. Secondly, an overall account of the ambiguous relationship between religious minorities and fundamental rights is presented. The third and most extensive section zooms in on the EU and religious minorities, starting with an account of the EU’s general approach towards minorities and then turning to the protection of fundamental rights of religious minorities in/through the EU legal order. First, the EU’s engagement with minority specific rights and the extent to which these norms have been attentive to religious themes will be discussed. Second, the CJEU’s case law concerning freedom of religion and the prohibition of dis-crimination as general human rights is analysed. The conclusion then turns to the overall perspective and discusses whether the EU’s protection of religious minorities’ fundamental rights can be considered ‘half-hearted’ and, if so, to what extent. This in turn allows us to return to the overall focus of the Special Issue, namely the relationship between the freedom of religion for all and special rights for religious minorities.
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Zenner, Walter P. "Middleman Minorities in the Syrian Mosaic." Sociological Perspectives 30, no. 4 (October 1987): 400–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389211.
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In this article, an aspect of the “middleman minority” situation will be explored: How do individuals of different minorities interact when they are competing within a single social field. The case that will be used here is that of the competition of Christians and Jews in Late Ottoman Syria for certain positions attached to the government and for key roles in international trade. Image management in the present instance includes stigmatization of one's rivals. The implications of this case for other studies of minorities is considered.
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Ruiz Vieytez, Eduardo J. "Protecting Linguistic and Religious Minorities: Looking for Synergies among Legal Instruments." Religions 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090706.
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Language and religion are two main cultural markers of collective identities and articulating factors at play in the majority-minority game. However, from a legal and political point of view, language and religion work very differently as factors for determining minorities. This is due, on the one hand, to their different connection with public bodies and, on the other hand, to the different role played by the two identity markers, more substantive in the case of religion and more instrumental in the case of language. Different forms of protection of linguistic and religious diversity and minorities have been developed so far. The two fields of protection have evolved separately and there has hardly been any dialogue between them. This article aims to analyze whether and how the usual forms of protection of linguistic diversity and linguistic minorities can be useful for the management of religious-based diversity or minorities. In this respect, linguistic diversity management draws more inspiration from religious diversity management techniques than the reverse. Nevertheless, a number of techniques that have been applied to the linguistic diversity protection may also play a potential role for the protection of religious diversity, opening the door to further synergies among legal instruments.
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Csáji, László Koppány. "Secularism and Ethnic Minorities: Comparative Case Studies on Ethnic, Religious, and Political Cognitions in Pakistani-Controlled Kashmir, Central Russia, Romania, and Northern Scandinavia." Religions 14, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010117.
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According to my study, “political secularism” means the separation of political power from religious institutions, while “social secularism” is a theory and endeavor to eliminate religiosity from not only public but also private life, considering it an obsolete way of thinking. I examine four case studies based on my ethnological fieldwork in Hunza (in the Pakistani-controlled Kashmir), the Middle Ural (Russia), Transylvania (Romania), and Sápmi (northern Scandinavia). I outline and compare ethnic minorities (Hunzakuts, Tatars, Szeklers, Samis) according to their historical background, contemporary social environment, relation to the majority, their political endeavors, and the role of religion(s) among them. Based on my fieldwork notes, interviews, and sociological data, I analyze the similarities and differences of ethnic complexity, terminological confusions, problems of “lived religion,” and the impact of social and political secularism. Since their religiosity differs from the majorities’ ones, I found that secularism has a complex role and reception. Political secularism is essential for defending these minorities from assimilation, but most of these minorities reject social secularism since religion is part of their multifunctional ethnic discourse space. Religiosity is part of their survival strategy. Notwithstanding, ethnic minorities’ religious institutions participate in political activity and propagate their claims for self-governance.
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Peek, Monica E., Algernon Cargill, and Elbert S. Huang. "Diabetes Health Disparities." Medical Care Research and Review 64, no. 5_suppl (October 2007): 101S—156S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558707305409.
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Racial and ethnic minorities bear a disproportionate burden of the diabetes epidemic; they have higher prevalence rates, worse diabetes control, and higher rates of complications. This article reviews the effectiveness of health care interventions at improving health outcomes and/or reducing diabetes health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities with diabetes. Forty-two studies met inclusion criteria. On average, these health care interventions improved the quality of care for racial/ethnic minorities, improved health outcomes (such as diabetes control and reduced diabetes complications), and possibly reduced health disparities in quality of care. There is evidence supporting the use of interventions that target patients (primarily through culturally tailored programs), providers (especially through one-on-one feedback and education), and health systems (particularly with nurse case managers and nurse clinicians). More research is needed in the areas of racial/ethnic minorities other than African Americans and Latinos, health disparity reductions, long-term diabetes-related outcomes, and the sustainability of health care interventions over time.
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Liedgren, Pernilla. "Minorities with different values at school – the case of Jehovah’s Witnesses." British Journal of Religious Education 40, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2016.1150253.
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Monnot, Christophe, and Solange Lefebvre. "Religious Minorities and Struggle for Recognition." Social Inclusion 8, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i3.3542.
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Religious minorities are increasingly present in the public sphere. Often pointed out as a problem, we argue here that the establishment of these minorities in Western societies is happening through struggles for recognition. Communities or individuals belonging to different minorities are seeking recognition from the society in which they are living. In Section 1, we present, briefly, our perspective, which differs from the analyses generally presented in the sociology of religion in that it adopts a bottom-up perspective. In Section 2, we present and discuss articles dealing with case studies in the cities of Barcelona, Geneva, and Montreal. In Section 3, we discuss two articles that present a process of individualization of claims for recognition. Finally, we present an article that discusses the case of an unrecognized minority in the Turkish school system.
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An, Byeongchan, Robert Bushman, Anya Kleymenova, and Rimmy E. Tomy. "Social Externalities of Bank Enforcement Actions: The Case of Minority Lending." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2022-036 (June 2022): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2022.036.
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This paper studies the role banking supervision plays in improving access to credit for minorities by investigating how enforcement decisions and orders (EDOs) affect the bank borrower base. We find that, after an EDO’s termination, banks significantly increase residential mortgage lending to minorities, even when the enforcement order is not issued for violations of fair lending laws. Our findings suggest that improvements in banks’ internal credit assessment and compliance due to the enforcement process are associated with the expansion in lending to minority borrowers. Our findings highlight the indirect social benefits of bank enforcement and supervision.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Minorities – Case studies"
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Thorne, John Francis. "Pangcah : the evolution of ethnic identity among urbanizing Pangcah aborigines in Taiwan /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18566388.
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Kline, David Andrew. "Toward a Richer Shade of Blue: The Impact on Oregon Police Officer Perceptions of Racial Minorities After Anti-Racial Profiling Training." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/228.
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Four fatal shootings, during police interactions, of unarmed people-of-color occurred in the Portland, Oregon Metro Area from 2003 to 2010 calling into question from members of the community whether or not the officers involved and hence their representative police departments had been racially profiling. Of interest in this study is whether or not cutting edge anti-racial profiling police officer trainings have an impact on how officers in Oregon perceive members of racial minority groups. A review of literature found that previous inquiries into racial prejudice among police officers may be present and that previous efforts to address racial ethics in law enforcement have had mixed results on officer perceptions of race. Using Whiteness Theory an examination was undertaken in Oregon utilizing a mixed methodological approach to answer three questions; 1) Do police officers report their perceptions of people-of-color being impacted as a result of participating in a racial profiling training seminar?, 2) Do police officers from the state of Oregon express having held a perception of members of the racial / ethnic community as individuals prior to attending a racial profiling training?, and 3) Do police officers from the state of Oregon report having held a stereotyped perception of racial / ethnic community members before attending a racial profiling training? Findings include that some officers may be racially prejudiced and others not, but that the training, according to those participating was not impactful upon their personal perceptions of people-of-color for reasons that they saw none or little personal bias within themselves although the seminar they attended brought police - race issues back into their conscious awareness. Despite the training being well-received by all the participants they suggested the training title and description may have dissuaded other officers from attending who may have benefited from its content and format. Transferability of the data's findings is weak due to a small sample size and other limitations of the study discussed. Nevertheless, conclusions about the effectiveness of the racial-profiling-training-under-review's ability to impact these officers' perceptions and attitudes of people-of-color are made and recommendations for police and social policy as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Liu, Hongshuo. "The study of the responses of lalas to social exclusion in China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/415.
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This study is concerned with non-heterosexual women, who are commonly known as lalas in China. The conditions for non-heterosexuals in China have been improving since the beginning of the reform period. But despite that the life of lalas is still full of difficulties because how the government, family and market operate is under heavy influence of heterosexism. Compared with other non-heterosexuals such as gay men, the difficulties faced by lalas receive much less attention not only in society but also in academic communities. To address this important but understudied area, this research focuses on the social exclusion faced by lalas and the anti-exclusion strategies they prefer to use. No study has been done on these issues in a systematic way before. The findings of the study serve to enhance our understanding of lalas and develop effective anti-exclusion strategies preferred by them. Moreover, the discussion of the findings of this study is intended to contribute to knowledge advancement especially in identifying the grey areas of the studies of the welfare mix approaches and the adult worker models. Against this background, this research focuses on two main research questions (What are the patterns of social exclusion faced by lalas in China? What are the strategies preferred by lalas in China?) and two supplementary research questions (What are the implications of the study of social exclusion experience of lalas in China on the study of the welfare mix approaches? What are the implications of the study of the social exclusion experience of lalas in China on the study of adult worker models?) Thanks to the 20 lalas informants, this research project obtains their important views on social exclusion through in-depth interviews. Despite the unfavorable conditions for non-heterosexuals to share views about their life in China, the lalas informants provide valuable information about social exclusion (or inclusion) issues they face in their daily life in the past, present and future (such as discriminations in school, work and difficulties to get along with family members) and the ways they try to deal with these issues (such as making plans on contract marriage, migration and cohabitation). This information, supplemented by those obtained from reviews of formal and informal document, and participant observations, provides insights into the examination of the anti-exclusion strategies (such as the RED, SID and social detachment) preferred by them, and the discussion of the importance of developing welfare mix approaches and the adult worker models based on non-heterosexism Furthermore, the findings show the commonalities and differences between lalas in their response to social exclusion. It is important to note that there is a gap between the anti-exclusion strategies many lalas prefer and what they could actually use. It is equally important to note that some lalas could effectively deal with most of the life difficulties and become an invulnerable at least in some period of life. This discovery is useful both in gaining recognition of the unique life experience of each lala, and exploring the possibilities for lalas to tackle their shared problems in joint efforts.
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王革 and Ge Wang. "Understanding ethnic multilingual learners at tertiary level : an ethnographic case study in Yunnan, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193062.
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Existing research on multilingual acquisition indicates that multilingual learners confront challenges not only in mastering new linguistic forms, but also in forming new identities, and especially when the languages concerned are socially and linguistically distant. This study shows that ethnic minority students in China (referred in particular as ‘ethnic multilingual learners’ or EMLs in this study) at universities can face more challenges than the ethnic majority, Han, when they choose to study English as their major subject. The Han’s content and method in English learning are straitjacketed upon them. The environment is unfamiliar to EMLs, and the EMLs are often regarded as “strangers” to the place. Their problems include the national examination system, medium of instruction, learning difficulties, psychological issues and cultural exclusion. The current educational policies in China intend to protect the educational rights of ethnic minorities, but ignore the role of education in inheriting and capitalizing their ethnic cultures. The current university curricula mainly focus on subject knowledge building and patriotic education. As a result, the “cultural self-consciousness” and “cultural capital” of EMLs are less emphasized and encouraged. Data are collected on two female ethnic minority students at Yunnan University of Nationalities (YUN) through ethnographic interview, autobiography, oral narrative, online chatting and field observation. It provides information at a micro level, on how the two students, who have successfully navigated through Chinese education system to the tertiary level, try their best to excel in the education system of YUN with English language as their major subject and construct their multiple identities, and what important factors are affecting such identity construction. The findings suggest that they negotiate their multiple identities successfully through their active engagements on and off the university campus to become legitimate participants in various “communities of practice”. These identities are shaped partly by their own heritage and partly by the present sociopolitical realities in China. Drawing mainly on poststructuralist and multicultural education theories, the study also examines the power relationship exercised in YUN and discusses the impact of this power relationship on the identities formation of the target informants. The national and local policies as well as the curriculum structures of YUN are analyzed to identify the implicit power relationship that mainly causes tensions to the education and language learning of EMLs. It is argued that multiculturalism, as a discourse of education, may help to ease the tension between being an ethnic minority and a Chinese national, and reduce the danger of assimilation and marginalization of these EMLs. To achieve the goal of multilingual education based on the notion of multiculturalism, a “collaborative” power relationship which facilitates the empowerment rather than disempowerment of EMLs should be the goal in China according to the framework of “ethnic diversity within national unity”. It is envisaged that with such multicultural mentality, EMLs will be more able to act not only as manpower for raising productivity of the country, but also as agents for social transformation and in the end become citizens of the cosmopolitan world.published_or_final_version
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Jabbari, Fatma. "The Discursive Production of Citizenship, Social Identity, and Religious Discrimination:The Case of Tunisia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524332005234282.
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West, Martha M. (Martha Myrick). "Mothers' Perceptions and Preschoolers' Experiences: Cultural Perspectives of Early Childhood Education." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278495/.
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In this qualitative investigation, the ways in which four ethnically diverse mothers' perceptions of early childhood education combined with the school experiences of their children were examined. Research tools included audiotaped interviews with Mexican-American, Korean-American, African-American, and Anglo mothers; videotaped school experiences; and a video message with a viewing guide requesting written reaction.
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Ajaz, Mubasshir. "Examining the sociocultural impacts of consanguinity and implications for healthcare : a case study of Pakistanis in Luton." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/319867.
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This thesis aims to understand the sociocultural aspects of the practice of consanguinity and the implications for healthcare. Consanguinity refers to intra-familial marriage and is commonly used to refer to cousin marriage. While consanguinity remains a global phenomenon, in the recent past, it has mostly been associated with non-Western populations, and has become a taboo in Western culture. Consanguinity is linked with negative health outcomes, mostly due to genetic disorders, although the extent of this link remains debatable. In the UK, consanguinity is linked mostly with the Pakistani community, which also have an overrepresentation of children with genetic disorders. In Luton, local health reports have suggested that consanguinity in the large Pakistani community plays a role in increased infant deaths. This makes Luton and the local Pakistani community, ideally placed for understanding the practice of consanguinity and the implications for healthcare. This thesis is conceptually grounded within a constructionist approach to understanding consanguinity with a critical analysis based on theories of discourse and power and knowledge. A qualitative research design was employed using an instrumental case study approach which focused on understanding consanguinity through Luton’s Pakistani community. Three main sample groups were selected, members of the Pakistani community who are not married to their cousins and are defined as lay members in this research, members of the Pakistani community in consanguineous marriages, and local service providers (primary and secondary care).
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Damgaard, Neil Christian. "Case studies of the planting of selected Chinese-language evangelical churches in southern New England." Dallas, TX : Dallas Theological Seminary, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.001-1257.
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Thesis (D.Min.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2008.Appendix F has an image of The Nestorian Stele and the translation of the text. Includes abstract. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-132).
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Arriaga, Cordero Eugenio. "Explaining Unequal Transportation Outcomes in a Gentrifying City: the Example of Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3509.
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This dissertation examines unequal outcomes of urban transportation policies in the neoliberal era. It focuses on inequalities in the Portland, Oregon metro area between 1994 and 2011 as measured in three key areas: 1) access to public transit; 2) the journey-to-work; and 3) "household-serving" trips. Growing concern over the harmful impacts from an increasing dependence on cars has led planners in the U.S. to encourage a modal shift from private car to public transit, bicycling, and walking. The required policies to make this modal shift possible, however, might inadvertently be benefiting "choice" riders at the cost of transport disadvantaged groups. Other contributing factors to this unequal benefit appear to be the suburbanization of poverty, an ongoing gentrification of central areas, and market forces that make it difficult for low income groups to afford housing in transit-rich neighborhoods. The Oregon Household Activity and Travel surveys are used to answer the three major research questions in this dissertation: what has been the effect of neoliberalism on access to public transit?, how do gender, race/ethnicity, and income inequality affect the journey-to-work in Portland?, and how do household-serving trips vary by gender in Portland? Six hypothesis are tested in answering these questions. Those related to access to transit draw on Fred Block's theory of the capitalist state and the "urban growth machine" concept, both of which predict spatially unequal outcomes from neoliberal ideology. Hypotheses about the journey to work draw on a rich body of literature around social relations in the household and the job market, as well as residential location. The final question, about household-serving trips, draws on theories of gender socialization. Findings showed that: (i) individuals in the Portland metro area had less access overall to bus public transit in 2011 than in 1994; (ii) impoverished dependent riders have lost access to transit service over time, whereas choice dependent riders increased their access to public transit; (iii) low income groups have been "forced" into greater car-ownership, in part due to the lower access to public transit; (iv) women in Portland have shorter journey-to-work trips than men; (v) Blacks have longer journey-to-work trips than Whites and Latinos; (vi) low-income individuals have shorter journey-to-work trips than higher income individuals; and (vii) women with children make more household-serving trips than men in similar family structures.
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Zinschlag, Bryan James. "Cultivating Common Ground? A Case Study of a Community Garden Organization in Northeast Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1828.
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When it comes to the topic of environmental sustainability, most of us will readily agree that we face a litany of local and global environmental threats in the twenty-first century. As such, we would largely agree that the need to address climate change and other issues is urgent. Where this agreement tends to end, however, is on the question of whether this urgency is so great that we need not address issues of inequality and environmental justice when organizing sustainability efforts. Some are convinced that, because sustainability efforts are "saving the world for everyone", so to speak, issues of environmental justice are secondary at best. On the other hand, "just sustainability" advocates argue that no such effort is truly sustainable unless it considers winners and losers from the onset. I will argue the latter and demonstrate the potential consequences of a sustainability effort that has failed thus far at engaging those who might benefit most from involvement. This study is an exploration of the City Soil Network (CSN), a community garden organization comprised of seventeen garden sites throughout Portland, Oregon. Thirteen of these sites are in Northeast Portland, an area with a history of racial and ethnic discrimination and both inequalities and boundaries that prevail across the same lines today. A significant number of these residents are food insecure or at risk of becoming food insecure. Furthermore, recent gentrification in Northeast Portland has disproportionately displaced African Americans and members of other historically marginalized communities. As such, these groups tend to view recent neighborhood changes as a new variation on a decades old theme of injustice. Previous research suggests that community gardens can play a role in addressing all of these problems to some degree. However, this body of research has yet to explicitly analyze the relationship between local historical context, gentrification, the conflicting rhetorics of environmental sustainability and environmental justice and outcomes for community garden organizations. This case study includes content analysis of organizational publications, participant observation from four of the CSN's garden sites in Northeast Portland. It also includes interviews with eleven members of the CSN, representing all three levels of involvement with the organization, and six interviews with representatives of community organizations that serve Northeast Portland in some capacity. This study finds that the CSN largely consists of members of a preexisting community of sustainable agriculture enthusiasts. As such, those involved tend not to live near their garden site(s) and are distinct in a number of ways from the diverse neighborhoods that surround many of the CSN's garden sites. The organization has made very few neighborhood-level outreach efforts thus far, and those that have been made have largely been unsuccessful. Understandings expressed by both groups of interviewees help to explain why this has been the case. They also compel me to introduce the potentially adverse impact of gentrification on understandings of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions into the just sustainability debate; we need to consider that unjust sustainability can be the result of not only a lack of concern for inequality, but also a simple lack of awareness of it. Interviewees also provide suggestions for how the CSN or other community garden organizations might be more successful in appealing to marginalized communities.
Books on the topic "Minorities – Case studies"
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Swartz, Gerald S. Case studies, multi-racial labour force case studies project. [Toronto]: The Alliance, 1987.
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Medwin, Hughes, ed. The challenge of diversity: Primary case studies. [Carmarthen?]: [Trinity College?], 1991.
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Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities., ed. Recruitment and retention of minorities: Ten case studies from the Neylan minorities project. Washington, DC: Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities, 1991.
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1953-, Korn Carol, and Bursztyn Alberto 1952-, eds. Rethinking multicultural education: Case studies in cultural transition. Westport, Conn: Bergin & Garvey, 2002.
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Brunon, Synak, ed. The Ethnic identities of European minorities: Theory and case studies. [Gdańsk]: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, 1995.
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Group, Minority Rights, and TWEEC, eds. Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Minority Rights Group, 1993.
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Tan, Yao Sua. The education of ethnic minorities: The case of the Malaysian Chinese. Petaling Jaya: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre, 2010.
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Jiao yu de ren lei xue shi ye: Zhongguo min zu jiao yu de tian ye ge an yan jiu. Beijing Shi: Min zu chu ban she, 2009.
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1933-, Rothermund Dietmar, and Simon John 19---, eds. Education and the integration ofethnic minorities. London: Pinter, 1986.
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Minority languages and bilingualism: Case studies in maintenance and shift. Norwood, N.J: Ablex Pub. Corp., 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Minorities – Case studies"
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Bousetta, Hassan. "Political Dynamics in the City: Three Case Studies." In Minorities in European Cities, 129–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62841-4_10.
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Noll, Jörg, Osman Bojang, and Sebastiaan Rietjens. "Deterrence by Punishment or Denial? The eFP Case." In NL ARMS, 109–28. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_7.
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AbstractIn 2017 NATO initiated Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) in the Baltics to deter Russia. While most studies analyse eFP from the perspective of NATO or the troop contributing countries, this chapter addresses the question how the host nations, i.e. in this contribution Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, perceive the deterrence strategy underlying eFP as well as their own strategies. In doing this, the chapter emphasizes how strategic culture influences the Baltic countries’ behaviour towards deterrence. We found that in Estonia perspectives on eFP were ambiguous. While official documents reflect the official NATO narrative based on deterrence by punishment other sources stress the illusion, expectation or aspiration of deterrence by denial. In Lithuania, documents, officials and experts emphasize deterrence by denial as opposed to deterrence by punishment. Latvia considers the strategy behind eFP as deterrence by punishment. The strategic cultures, the history and threat perceptions of the Baltic states explain these differences to a large extent. In particular the presence of Russophone minorities in Estonia and Latvia, lead to some reluctance in fully embracing NATO’s strategy, while at the same time both countries prepare to counter Russia’s threat with their allies.
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Guney, Gizem, Po-Han Lee, and David Davies. "Conclusion." In Towards Gender Equality in Law, 227–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98072-6_12.
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AbstractThis book started off its analysis with the promise of finding out whether states, which were handled by the contributors, present similarities or differences in the way that they fail in achieving gender equality. As demonstrated in each chapter, the states have taken progressive measures in addressing gender inequality over the last few decades, yet challenges and backlashes remain. Discriminatory legal practices and social norms are still pervasive; women and sexual and gender minorities continue to face unequal treatment, prejudice and violence. On this final note, by drawing upon the case studies presented in each chapter, we aim to bring together the patterns that the states present in how and why they fail in achieving gender equality. We observe that there are four overarching reasons why the states studied in this book fall short in bringing justice to gendered matters: (1) the states’ tolerance of friction and ambiguity in laws, (2) the states’ inertia in fully pursuing a human rights-based approach, (3) the states’ oversight of intersecting marginalisation of women as well as sexual and gender minorities and (4) the states’ problematic approaches towards gender-based violence. Each of these themes will be discussed in turn below.
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Frønes, Tove Stjern, Maria Rasmusson, and Jesper Bremholm. "Equity and Diversity in Reading Comprehension—A Case Study of PISA 2000–2018." In Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education, 305–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_12.
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AbstractThis chapter studies equity in reading performance in PISA 2000–2018 in three Nordic countries: Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Using regression analyses, the study investigates how the reading performance trend for groups of students with different genders, home backgrounds and minorities has developed. The study is contextualised through an up-to-date description of reading comprehension instruction in the countries. In addition to trend analyses of general reading performance, the study examines if the differences between groups of students are consistent across different text formats in the digital version of the PISA test, distinguishing between static text types (e.g., articles, letters, stories) and dynamic text types (e.g., websites, forums and e-mails, etc.). We find a consistently high reading literacy performance in all Scandinavian countries compared with international development. There are large gender differences in the average reading performance in all three countries, disfavouring boys, especially low-performing boys from low SES home backgrounds. We find a huge and stable gap between minority and majority students’ reading achievement, even when corrected for SES. Taking these findings into account, we assert that there is no basis for concluding that the school systems give more equitable learning conditions for groups of students now than when the PISA assessments started. However, it appears that the new online text formats in PISA 2018 might shrink the differences between student groups. Based on our findings, we argue that it is highly doubtful if one can still speak of a Nordic model of education, both as an idea of equity and fairness and as a model that is united across the Nordic countries.
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Karanastasi, Elina. "Transcultural Gardens—A Proposal for Exploitation of Urban Voids as Intensively Productive Land and as a Method of Urbanization of Minorities: Case Studies Demonstrating Design Tools and Managing Methodology." In Sustainable Agricultural Development, 125–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0519-7_8.
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Kröger, Teppo. "Social Inequalities and Care Poverty." In Care Poverty, 155–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97243-1_7.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the connections between care poverty and key dimensions of social inequalities (income, educational, gender, regional, ethnic, and racial inequalities). The findings are partly surprising and contradictory. A low income level is a risk factor for personal care poverty in some but not in all countries, while it is more systematically associated with practical care poverty and socio-emotional care poverty. A low level of education does not typically predict care poverty. Neither does gender, though at the same time the clear majority of older people in care poverty are women. Some studies identify an ethnic or racial gradient in care poverty, minorities being more likely to have unmet needs. However, several studies fail to show statistical significance for this difference. Concerning regional inequalities, there are major differences in care poverty rates across different areas, at least in geographically large countries, and in some cases also between rural and urban areas. The chapter ends by arguing that care poverty should be seen as a dimension of inequality in its own right. When some people receive adequate care while others do not, a new type of inequality emerges.
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Anguelovski, Isabelle. "(In)Justice in Urban Greening and Green Gentrification." In Studies in Ecological Economics, 235–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22566-6_20.
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AbstractLarge cities are increasingly using urban greening, nature-centered projects, and green infrastructure to address socio-environmental and health challenges and harness widespread benefits for citizens, industries, and investors, while protecting existing urban ecosystems, resources, environmentally-sensitive areas, and built infrastructure. This chapter starts with the argument that the alliance of urban redevelopment with greening creates a paradox and examines the production of inequalities as a result of greening projects. I argue that even while greening certainly provides economic, ecological, health, and social benefits to many, it may create new and deeper vulnerabilities and processes of green gentrification for historically marginalized residents – working-class groups, minorities, and immigrants – even in the many cases where interventions are meant to redress historic inequalities in the provision of parks or green spaces. Urban greening inequalities are thus particularly acute because of what can be defined as “green gaps” upon which municipalities, private investors, and privileged residents capture a “green rent” through new commercial and residential investments. As a result, as I show in this chapter, urban greening interventions targeting lower-income, minority, and immigrant neighborhoods risk being increasingly associated with a GreenLULU or green Locally Unwanted Land Use (Anguelovski, J Plan Lit, 1–14, 2016). Last, I examine civic responses to green inequalities and close this chapter with a broader discussion around the need to repoliticize urban greening practices.
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"PART II Case studies of some common themes." In Social Work and Minorities, 113–16. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203046258-12.
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Halabi, Yakub. "Tiny Religious Minorities in the Middle East: The Case of the Bahai, Druze and Yazidi Minorities." In Minorities - New Studies and Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110304.
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This article seeks to compare the experiences and features of the three post-Islam tiny religious communities in the Middle East: Bahai, Druze and Yazidis. Each one of these communities had encountered an existential threat to its survival or genocide at one point or more throughout its history, and all of them are considered heretic movements by radical Islamist groups. Among these three religions, only the Druze is considered a militaristic community that was always ready to use arms in order to defend itself. In contrast to the Druze and Yazidis, the Bahai community is a proselytizing religion that accepts new believers, while its followers in general live in urban centres and belong to the upper middle class. The article also refers to the international law regarding minority rights and highlights the shortcomings in this set of laws in protecting these minorities.
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Pieprzak, Katarzyna. "Afterword – Minoritised Memory and Affect in a Museology of Disaster." In The Art of Minorities, 299–307. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474443760.003.0014.
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This afterword introduces the theoretical concept “museology of disaster” to describe the dynamics of state-administered memory through controlled spaces of circulation in museums, and shows how many of the case studies presented in the book disrupt this museology in order to stage the (re)appearance of minoritised political subjects. The chapter also proposes attention to affect as a methodology of research and practice for the study of minorisation and inclusion in museums. Drawing on a workshop led by the author in Morocco in 2018, the chapter addresses how affect theory might offer new entry points into the histories of minoritised collectivities and go beyond paradigms centered on the recuperation of oppressed authenticity to imagine and produce reparative futures.
Conference papers on the topic "Minorities – Case studies"
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Pasick, Rena J., Claudia Guerra, Selina R. Flores, and Galen Joseph. "Abstract PO-051: Blending research paradigms and methods to compare 3 modes of cancer genetic counseling with diverse public hospital patients: Insights from case studies." In Abstracts: AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; October 6-8, 2021. American Association for Cancer Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp21-po-051.
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Souza, Leandro Cândido de, Ricardo Santos de Oliveira, Francisco de Assis Carvalho do Vale, and Matheus Fernando Manzolli Ballestero. "Epidemiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Brazil." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.630.
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Background: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious social and economic problem. Emerging countries have 89% of the cases worldwide and lack relevant epidemiological studies on the subject. Objectives: Characterize the demographic, social and economic profiles of the pediatric population suffering TBI in Brazil. Methods: Data on the cases of pediatric TBI in Brazil between 2008 and 2020 were collected through the computer department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) maintained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: There are about 28,836 hospital admissions due to pediatric TBI per year and an incidence of 45.11 admissions /100,000/year. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.47/100,000/year, and the case fatality rate was 3.26%. The average annual cost of hospital expenses was US$ 12.311.759, with the average admission cost having a value of US $417. The 15–19 age group was the most frequently admitted to hospital for pediatric TBI and had the highest number of in- hospital deaths; in addition, more males were affected by this trauma compared to females at a rate of 2.31:1. Ethnic populations that are social minorities are more susceptible to a poor prognosis of TBI. Conclusion: Pediatric TBI should be recognized as an important public health problem in Brazil, as it is responsible for considerable social and economic costs. Public policies that reduce the causes of this type of trauma in the pediatric population are urgently needed in Brazil and other emerging countries.
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Cavalcante de Melo, Thamyres, and Bianca Gomes da Silva Muylaert Monteiro de Castro. "Affirmative action and justice policies: an analysis of the understanding of law course students about the legal reservation of places for access to higher education." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212440.
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Affirmative actions reflect the ideal of achieving equal opportunities and represent the realization of cultural transformations in order to reduce the effects of historically accumulated inequalities. Such actions are capableof implementing greater representation of minority groups in the most diverse domains of public and private activity. In the case of quotas instituted to guarantee minority access to higher education, the reservation of places is one of the forms of social justice that tries to guarantee a minimum level of education for the most disadvantaged, trying to compensate and equalize the opportunities for access to education. This research aimed to analyze the perception of students in the ISECENSA Law course about the affirmative action policy, with an emphasis on the quota modality that promotes the legal reserve of places for the so-called “minorities”. Therefore, the methodology used was qualiquantitative and had as its starting point the bibliographical review to situate the quota policy as an object in the field of socio-legal studies. Documentary analysis of laws on the subject was carried out, as well as field research, through which the questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument to verify the position of ISECENSA law students on the quota policy and to identify whether the students understand the meaning of the quota policy. Thus, 115 questionnaires were applied to students from the 1st to the 5th period of the Isecensa Law course and the data collected showed the students' concern with Social Justice, even with the initial lack of knowledge about the concept of “affirmative action”. In this way, it was possible to analyze the perception of law students at ISECENSA regarding the quota policy and also to promote awareness of the reasons and effects of the implementation of that policy. It is expected then, to contribute to the humanization of educational institutions by encouraging diversity in order to build a society that respects difference, seeking to achieve peace and equality
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"Evaluation of a Transdisciplinary Cancer Research Training Program for Under-Represented Minority Students." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4343.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper will describe the initial development of systems to evaluate research education activities of a U.S. academic Partnership to train minority students as cancer researchers and provide preliminary data from monitoring Partnership activities during the first six months. Background: There is increased focus on multidisciplinary/transdisciplinary research training programs. However, few training programs have included detailed evaluations to assess their outcomes and effectiveness. Methods: The Temple University/Fox Chase Cancer Center and Hunter College Regional Comprehensive Cancer Health Disparity Partnership (TUFCCC/HC Cancer Partnership, or the Partnership) is a recently-initiated center focused on training individuals from under-represented minorities (URMs) as cancer researchers. Evaluation of the training activities involves detailed specification of goals for each of the Partnership’s Cores; objectives for addressing each goal; measures and indicators to determine progress towards each objective; and data sources to provide information for the measures/indicators. Contribution: This paper will provide important information for evaluation of training programs focused on students from URM populations and development of transdisciplinary research education programs. Findings: Goals, objectives, measures, and data sources for evaluation of the Partnership’s Research Education Core (REC) were developed jointly by personnel from the REC and the Planning Evaluation Core (PEC) in an iterative process. These measures capture the training activities led by the REC (e.g., number of seminars and workshops), scientific output by trainees (e.g., papers and grants), and ability of the program to meet trainees’ goals and expectations. Recommendations for Practitioners and Researchers: Evaluation plans for transdisciplinary training programs need to be developed prior to program initiation. Evaluation measures should be jointly specified by training and evaluation personnel, then reviewed and revised in an iterative process. Impact on Society: This program is intended to enhance diversity among cancer researchers and increase studies to address disparities in cancer care. Future Research: The PEC will oversee the evaluation of Partnership training activities over the five year period and assist Partnership leaders in ensuring successful outcomes.
Reports on the topic "Minorities – Case studies"
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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.
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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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Schulte, Jillian, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Elizabeth Benninger, Tabitha Hrynick, and Santiago Ripoll. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Minoritised Youth in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.009.
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Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in Cleveland, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. Despite being over-represented in COVID-19 case counts and fatalities, Black residents were under-represented in COVID-19 vaccination during the first year and half of the pandemic. In Ohio, while roughly 60% of Cuyahoga County residents are fully vaccinated, just 45% of Cleveland residents are fully vaccinated. Lower-income, majority Black, east side neighbourhoods have markedly lower vaccination rates compared to higher-income, mostly white neighbourhoods. Young people ages 16-40 became eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine on March 29th, 2021, and individuals aged 12 and above were able to get vaccinated from May 2021 onward. However, large disparities exist based age, race, and zip code. This brief illustrates underlying reasons shaping COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among minority (especially Black and Latinx) youth (ages 12-18) and offers key considerations for how young people can be better engaged within Cleveland, Ohio. This brief is based on research, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 61 young people across 16 neighbourhoods through a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) approach in Cleveland to contextualise youth perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination and highlight areas of hesitancy and confidence. In this brief, we share findings from the study and key considerations for addressing youth ‘vaccine hesitancy’ around the COVID-19 vaccine are presented. This brief was authored by Jillian Schulte (Case Western Reserve University), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Elizabeth Benninger (Cleveland State University), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), and Santiago Ripoll (IDS), and includes contributions from Elizabeth Davies (Cleveland State University), Diane Mastnardo, Brenda Pryor (MyCom), Brinda Athreya (Case Western Reserve University), Ivis Maldonado (MyCom) and reviews from Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: USA and UK fund (CRUSA210022). Research was based at the Institute of Development Studies. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Peters, Vanessa, Deblina Pakhira, Latia White, Rita Fennelly-Atkinson, and Barbara Means. Designing Gateway Statistics and Chemistry Courses for Today’s Students: Case Studies of Postsecondary Course Innovations. Digital Promise, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/162.
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Scholars of teaching and learning examine the impacts of pedagogical decisions on students’ learning and course success. In this report, we describes findings from case studies of eight innovative postsecondary introductory statistics and general chemistry courses that have evidence of improving student completion rates for minoritized and low-income students. The goal of the case studies was to identify the course design elements and pedagogical practices that were implemented by faculty. To identify courses, Digital Promise sought nominations from experts in statistics and chemistry education and reviewed National Science Foundation project abstracts in the Improving Undergraduate STEM Education (IUSE) program. The case studies courses were drawn from 2- and 4-year colleges and were implemented at the level of individual instructors or were part of a department or college-wide intervention. Among the selected courses, both introductory statistics (n = 5) and general chemistry (n = 3) involved changes to the curriculum and pedagogy. Curricular changes involved a shift away from teaching formal mathematical and chemical equations towards teaching that emphasizes conceptual understanding and critical thinking. Pedagogical changes included the implementation of peer-based active learning, formative practice, and supports for students’ metacognitive and self-regulation practices.
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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Tabitha Hrynick, Jillian Schulte, Charlie Forgacz-Cooper, and Santiago Ripoll. COVID-19 Vaccines and (Mis)Trust among Minoritised Youth in Ealing, London, United Kingdom. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.010.
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This brief explains youth perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination and outlines key considerations for engaging with and building trust among young people living in Ealing, London. Within the category of ‘young people,’ there are differences in vaccination based on age and ethnicity. This brief is based on research, including a review of the literature and in-depth interviews and focus groups with 62 youth across Ealing to contextualise youth perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination and highlight themes of trust/distrust. We contribute ethnographic and participatory evidence to quantitative evaluations of vaccine roll-out. Key considerations for addressing youth distrust regarding the COVID-19 vaccine are presented, followed by additional regional context. This work builds on a previous SSHAP brief on vaccine equity in Ealing. This brief was produced by SSHAP in collaboration with partners in Ealing. It was authored by Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Jillian Schulte (Case Western Reserve University), Charlie Forgacz-Cooper (Youth Advisory Board), and Santiago Ripoll (IDS), in collaboration with Steve Curtis (Ealing Council), Hena Gooroochurn (Ealing Council), Bollo Brook Youth Centre, and Janpal Basran (Southall Community Alliance), and reviews by Helen Castledine (Ealing Public Health), Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: USA and UK fund (CRUSA210022). Research was based at the Institute of Development Studies. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Jenkins, J. Lee, Edbert B. Hsu, Anna Russell, Allen Zhang, Lisa M. Wilson, and Eric B. Bass. Infection Prevention and Control for the Emergency Medical Services and 911 Workforce. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb42.
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Objectives. To summarize current evidence on exposures to infectious pathogens in the emergency medical services (EMS) and 911 workforce, and on practices for preventing, recognizing, and controlling occupationally acquired infectious diseases and related exposures in that workforce. Review methods. We obtained advice on how to answer four Guiding Questions by recruiting a panel of external experts on EMS clinicians, State-level EMS leadership, and programs relevant to EMS personnel, and by engaging representatives of professional societies in infectious diseases and emergency medicine. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL®, and SCOPUS from January 2006 to March 2022 for relevant studies. We also searched for reports from State and Federal Government agencies or nongovernmental organizations interested in infection prevention and control in the EMS and 911 workforce. Results. Twenty-five observational studies reported on the epidemiology of infections in the EMS and 911 workforce. They did not report demographic differences except for a higher risk of hepatitis C in older workers and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in minorities. EMS clinicians certified/licensed in Advanced Life Support have a high risk for blood and fluid exposure, and EMS clinicians had a higher risk of hospitalization or death from SARS-CoV-2 than firefighters whose roles were not primarily related to medical care. Eleven observational studies reported on infection prevention and control practices (IPC), providing some evidence that hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and on-site vaccine clinics are effective. Research on IPC in EMS and 911 workers has increased significantly since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Conclusions. Moderate evidence exists on the epidemiology of infections and effectiveness of IPC practices in EMS and 911 workers, including hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and vaccine clinics. Most evidence is observational, with widely varying methods, outcomes, and reporting. More research is needed on personal protective equipment effectiveness and vaccine acceptance, and better guidance is needed for research methods in the EMS and 911 worker setting.