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Mithun, Mahanam Bhattacharjee. "Reasons Behind the Forced Migration of Bangladeshi Hindu Religious Minorities to India." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 26, no. 3 (May 14, 2019): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02603002.
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The number of Bangladeshi Hindu religious minorities have been dropping rapidly during the last few decades. Bangladesh shares a long border with India, and due to linguistic and cultural similarities, many Bangladeshi religious minorities choose to take refuge in India. This research explores the reasons forcing Hindu minorities to leave Bangladesh. It also provides an overview of the situation in Bangladesh with regard to minority protection, law enforcement and government actions. The findings of this research also illustrate why forced migration is an ongoing process and the main factors behind that exodus.
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Das, Samir Kumar. "Minorities within Minorities: Gender Implications for Minority Policies in India and Bangladesh." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 8, no. 1 (February 9, 2011): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90001681.
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Shree, Kala. "Rights of Minorities in Bangladesh: An Overview." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 10, no. 3 (March 27, 2021): 841–43. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr21301233114.
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Khaleque, Abdul, Muhammad Kamal Uddin, Rumana Aktar, Kishor Roy, and Md Nur E. Alam Siddique. "Bicultural Attitudes and Psychological Adjustment of Ethnic Minority Youth in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Psychology 24, no. 1 (December 29, 2024): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjop.v24i1.78519.
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This study explored relationships between bicultural attitudes and psychological adjustment of Bangladeshi ethnic-minority youths. The study was conducted on 412 young adults (Mage = 22 years), 40% women and 60% men, from 18 Bangladeshi ethnic subgroups. The Bicultural Attitude Scale (BAS) and Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ) were used as measures. Results presented that 57% of the respondents were biculturally oriented, 42% were uniculturally oriented (39% were oriented toward heritage culture and only 3% toward national culture), and less than 1% were culturally alienated or marginalized. In addition, the results showed that the mean score of importance ratings was significantly higher for the heritage culture than for the national culture. Results also showed a significant negative correlation between the attitude toward heritage culture and the psychological maladjustment of the respondents. The findings further showed that heritage (not national) culture has significant and unique effects on the psychological adjustment of both male and female minority ethnic youth in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Psychology, Vol. 24, December 2024, pp. 1-22
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A.N., Andri Nirwana,, Abdul Muiz Amir, Syamsul Hidayat, Mahmudulhassan ., Muthoifin ., Kharis Nugroho, and Waston . "Examining Religious Coexistence: Perspectives from the Quran and Hadith in the Context of Bangladesh." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 10 (June 4, 2024): 718–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/yyd0mm12.
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Historically, Bangladesh has been host to numerous religious minorities, such as Buddhists, Hindus, Sheiks, Animists, and Atheists. It made a significant contribution to the continuation of social, political, and religious concord among people of many religious views after the liberation war. In varied communities like Bangladesh, religious concord is especially dependent on religious cooperation. This study used a mixed-method approach to investigate the dynamics of religious cohabitation in Bangladesh, depending on Islamic texts, particularly the Quran and Hadith, to provide background. In this study, the concepts and ideals that facilitate peaceful coexistence among various religious groups in Bangladesh are examined through an analysis of pertinent passages and teachings. The study also evaluates Bangladesh's current state of minority groups’ social, political, and religious rights. The study’s conclusions add to the conversation on religious coexistence and provide useful advice for promoting interfaith harmony and understanding in Bangladesh and elsewhere. The outcome demonstrates that Islam places a strong emphasis on treating minorities and individuals of all religions with respect and decency. Bangladesh is a multicultural country that is suitable for coexisting peacefully with individuals of different backgrounds. Regardless of caste or religion, people here are kind and considerate of one another. At times conflicts are seen between Muslims and non-Muslims as people think most of them are personal and political provocations.
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Nirwana AN, Andri, Mahmudulhassan, Tiffany Lovely, Saif Uddin Ahmed Khondoker, and Fahmi Dolles Marshal. "PENYULUHAN NILAI-NILAI KOEKSISTENSI DALAM QUR’AN DAN SUNNAH KEPADA MASYARAKAT DI BANGLADESH." Marsialapari: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2024): 99–112. https://doi.org/10.63424/marsialapari.v1i2.70.
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Historically, Bangladesh has been host to numerous religious minorities, such as Buddhists, Hindus, Sheiks, Animists, and Atheists. It made a significant contribution to the continuation of social, political, and religious concord among people of many religious views after the liberation war. In varied communities like Bangladesh, religious concord is especially dependent on religious cooperation. This study used a mixed-method approach to investigate the dynamics of religious cohabitation in Bangladesh, depending on Islamic texts, particularly the Quran and Hadith, to provide background. In this study, the concepts and ideals that facilitate peaceful coexistence among various religious groups in Bangladesh are examined through an analysis of pertinent passages and teachings. The study also evaluates Bangladesh's current state of minority groups’ social, political, and religious rights. The study’s conclusions add to the conversation on religious coexistence and provide useful advice for promoting interfaith harmony and understanding in Bangladesh and elsewhere. The outcome demonstrates that Islam places a strong emphasis on treating minorities and individuals of all religions with respect and decency. Bangladesh is a multicultural country that is suitable for coexisting peacefully with individuals of different backgrounds. Regardless of caste or religion, people here are kind and considerate of one another. At times conflicts are seen between Muslims and non-Muslims as people think most of them are personal and political provocations.
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Zobaer, Sheikh. "Religious Division and Otherness as Portrayed in 'Shame' and 'The Ministry of Utmost Happiness'." Linguaculture 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/lincu-2021-2-0203.
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After the partition of India in 1947, religion has become a major catalyst for division and othering in most of South Asia. Bangladeshi author and activist Taslima Nasrin was exiled from her country, primarily for revealing the mistreatment of the Hindu minorities in Bangladesh in her novel Shame. Indian author Arundhati Roy has also faced severe backlash due to her portrayal of the mistreatment of the Muslims in India in her novel The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Religion has become an extremely fraught issue in South Asia, making almost any criticism of religious fundamentalism a highly perilous endeavor. Yet, both Nasrin and Roy had the courage to do that. This paper explores how the aforementioned novels expose the process of othering of the religious minorities in India and Bangladesh by highlighting the retributive nature of communal violence which feeds on mistrust, hatred, and religious tribalism – a cursed legacy that can be traced back to the violent partition of the Indian subcontinent based on the two-nation theory.
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Mithun, Mahanam Bhattacharjee, and Ahamedul Arefin. "Minorities among Minorities: The Case of Hindu Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 28, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-bja10020.
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Abstract The Rohingya community in Myanmar has been the subject of persecution and violent attacks that have forced them to flee the country and to take refuge in neighbouring Bangladesh several times in history. The latest wave of conflict-led displacement in August 2017 forced nearly a million Rohingya ethnic minorities to take refuge in Bangladesh. However, this time, a small number of Hindu Rohingya refugees also arrived in the refugee camps of Bangladesh. As they are small in number and considered insignificant by the international community, the attention on them has long been minimal. This study constitutes an exploratory research endeavour using qualitative research methodologies. It aims to reveal the main reasons behind their exodus, migration journey and refugee life in Bangladesh.
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Ahmmed, Md Mortuza. "Violence against the Minorities in Bangladesh." Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 6 (July 4, 2014): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10712.
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Violent attacks on religious minorities in recent days have evoked popular protests at home and abroad, and the minority community thinks it is an attempt to force them to leave the country like in 1971.They fear the extent of the dreadfulness of attacks on the minorities might exceed what they had seen during 2001 and appealed to the international community apart from the political parties to look into the matter seriously.The situation of minorities in Bangladesh is a human rights issue. Status of minorities all over the world has demonstrated a pattern of discrimination and insecurity. Bangladesh is no exception. However, the example of minorities in Bangladesh has a typical trend. The seeds of violence against the minority community are inherent within the structures of the modern system which has turned human beings into vote banks and vote constituencies. Lack of accountability and transparency of the state machinery only makes the situation worse. Bangladesh ought to recognize the plurality of its culture and people. Undoubtedly, civil society has the major and the most important role to play in this respect. This paper contains the theoretical explanation of the concept of “minority” in general and then examines the state of minorities in Bangladesh, their problems, the violations against them, the factors and impact of violations, state responsibilities, legal and constitutional protection, protection under international law etc. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10712 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 112-118
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BUSSABONG CHAIJAROENWATANA, MD MAHBUBUL HAQUE,. "DISPLACED ROHINGYA SETTLEMENT AND SECURITY CONCERN IN BANGLADESH." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2318.
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In Myanmar’s post-independence history, the Rohingya and other ethnic minorities have been in conflict with the Rangoon based central government. It is commonly alleged that the Rohingya are involved with separatist movements that threaten Myanmar’s sovereignty. The ethnic minority Rohingya were faced with sub-violent confrontation after the military took over State power and later, and most critically, they became de jure stateless in Myanmar. The situation changed dramatically after the 2012 Buddhist-Muslim communal riots. Lastly, the quasi-civilian government launched ‘operation clearance’ against Rohingya civilians using the pretext of terrorist attacks on August, 2017. Since that operation, nearly a million terrorized Rohingya people crossed the border and sought shelter in Bangladesh. Almost three years on, after escaping the violence of the military in Myanmar, the refugees still live in uncertainty. This paper examines the conditions of displaced Rohingya living in different camps in Bangladesh and the extent that the Rohingya pose a security risk for host country. The Government of Bangladesh and international humanitarian agencies have been successfully handling the refugee exodus. But despite progress, it is clear that the Rohingya remain in a precarious situation. After intensive field work, it is concluded that a small minority refugees are involved with anti-social activities in Bangladesh whereas the large majority of Rohingya is innocent. Nevertheless, the refugees’ long presence in border areas of Bangladesh is creating socio-economic pressure and environmental hazards on Bangladesh’s limited resources.
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Bal, Ellen, and Nasrin Siraj. "“We are the True Citizens of This Country”." Asian Journal of Social Science 45, no. 6 (2017): 666–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04506004.
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Democracy has generally been understood the best remedy to prevent societal violence, as it gives different groups a channel to voice their interests and grievances. However, in this article, that focuses on the Chittagong Hills, which for many decades has formed one of the most violent spaces in Bangladesh, we argue that, in reality, democracy and violence can be two sides of the same coin. This is not to say that in Bangladesh, where full liberal democracy is not in place, ordinary citizens have no values and idea(l)s of democracy and citizenship. On the contrary, in order to make sense of the intricate connection between democratic idea(l)s, and violent imaginations and practices, we focus in particular on the process of what we call the vernacularisation of democratic politics. We connect this process to the appropriation of citizenship and nationalism, by ordinary but radically differently-positioned people, in their daily realities. We demonstrate that widely shared imaginations of Bangladeshi-ness, as Bengali-ness or Muslim-ness, and of Bengalis/Muslims as the true nation and citizens of Bangladesh, are intimately connected with popular understandings and practices of democracy, which are based on the exclusion of the not-genuine-Bengalis, with the legitimisation and continuation of violence, and the exclusion of ethnic minorities in the Chittagong Hills.
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Mawa, Jannatul. "HARMONIZING EDUCATIONAL DIVERSITY: INTEGRATING INDIGENOUS AND ETHNIC MINORITY PERSPECTIVES IN BANGLADESH, INSPIRED BY AUSTRALIAN MODELS." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 11 (November 30, 2024): 1330–44. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/19948.
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The integration of indigenous and ethnic minority perspectives into educational systems poses a complex challenge in diverse societies like Bangladesh. This article delves into these challenges, examining historical exclusion, systemic neglect, and the contemporary efforts to include marginalized voices in national educational frameworks. Indigenous communities, such as the Chakma, Garo,Marma, and others in Bangladesh, have long been underrepresented in curricula that primarily reflect the values and history of the dominant Bengali majority. This marginalization perpetuates educational inequities, where the unique knowledge systems, languages, and cultural practices of these communities are either inadequately addressed or entirely absent from mainstream education. Bangladeshs attempts to rectify this through various educational reforms remain fragmented and under-resourced. Governmental and non-governmental initiatives, such as mother-tongue-based education programs, while commendable, have faced significant implementation challenges. These include insufficient teacher training in indigenous languages and cultures, lack of appropriate educational materials, and inadequate infrastructure in remote areas where indigenous populations predominantly reside. Furthermore, systemic issues such as poverty, discrimination, and political marginalization continue to exacerbate educational disparities, leaving indigenous and ethnic minority students at a significant disadvantage compared to their Bengali counterparts. Drawing insights from Australias educational landscape, this article explores how Bangladesh could benefit from adopting a more inclusive, culturally responsive approach. Australias efforts to integrate Indigenous perspectives into its educational system, particularly through the national curriculum and initiatives such as the inclusion of Indigenous languages, have provided a model for embracing cultural diversity within educational frameworks. Central to this approach is culturally responsive pedagogy, a teaching methodology that acknowledges and values students cultural backgrounds and integrates these perspectives into learning processes. In Australia, this pedagogy is codified in national teaching standards, including standards 1.4 and 2.4, which emphasize the importance of incorporating Indigenous worldviews and traditional ecological knowledge into mainstream education. These standards ensure that teachers are not only aware of but actively engaged in promoting Indigenous cultural knowledge, helping to foster a sense of national identity that is inclusive of its diverse histories and communities. By examining Australias progressive model, this article argues that Bangladesh can similarly enhance its educational system to be more inclusive of indigenous and ethnic minority communities. A key lesson from Australia is the importance of a top-down approach, where national educational policies explicitly mandate the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge in curricula. In Bangladesh, a comparable policy shift would require the development of curricula that reflects the cultural and historical contributions of indigenous communities, alongside the training of teachers in culturally responsive pedagogies. Such reforms would also need to address the structural inequalities that impede access to education for marginalized communities, ensuring that indigenous students not only have the opportunity to learn but are empowered to succeed within the educational system. Moreover, this paper highlights the potential for culturally responsive education to foster intercultural understanding and national cohesion. By celebrating cultural diversity in the classroom, students from the dominant Bengali majority would gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the rich cultural heritage of indigenous communities, thereby promoting greater tolerance and reducing ethnic tensions. In turn, indigenous students would see their own cultures validated and respected within the national narrative, fostering a greater sense of belonging and national identity. In conclusion, this article posits that Bangladesh stands to gain significantly from adopting a more culturally responsive approach to education, akin to Australias model of incorporating Indigenous perspectives. Such an approach, if implemented effectively, has the potential to transform Bangladeshs educational landscape, making it more inclusive, equitable, and reflective of the countrys rich cultural diversity. This transformation would not only empower indigenous and ethnic minority students but also contribute to a more cohesive and unified society, where all citizens, regardless of their cultural background, can contribute to and benefit from the national educational system.
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Shakil, Md Rajib Hasnat. "Systematic Persecution of Religious Minorities: Bangladesh Perspective." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 7, no. 3 (2013): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-0730917.
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Islam, Kazi, and Kimihiko Hyakumura. "Forestland Concession, Land Rights, and Livelihood Changes of Ethnic Minorities: The Case of the Madhupur Sal Forest, Bangladesh." Forests 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2019): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030288.
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Forestland concession has been the dominant governance tool for the acquisition of natural state-owned forest resources in many tropical countries, including Bangladesh. Moreover, the forestland concession process confers the holder a bundle of rights. The Sal forests of Bangladesh are treated as some of the greatest concession forests, as a number of ethnic minorities use these forests for their daily living. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to assess the impacts of Sal forestland concession and land rights on the livelihood development of the ethnic minorities living in the Madhupur Sal Forest (MSF) area of Bangladesh. Using both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques, the study found out that about two thirds of the original Sal forestland was grabbed by the state and non-state actors. As a result, the ethnic minority inhabitants have lost their traditional land and free access rights to the Sal forests. The process of losing ethnic minorities’ land and forest access rights has been enhanced by the institutional arrangements of the state, which had also created severe conflicts between the Forest Department and the ethnic communities. The study also revealed that the forestland concession has negatively affected the five livelihood capitals development of the ethnic minorities, consequently, their forest-based livelihood has shifted to non-securing jobs or poor income sources, like daily wage labor and subsistence agriculture. Despite this, the development drivers have emphasized the Sal forests and biodiversity conservation, while the livelihood development of the ethnic minorities has been ignored from every level. Therefore, this study would recommend establishing a legitimate process in order to settle the issue of traditional land and the forest rights of ethnic minorities, which could also attain the conservation and development goals of the Sal forests.
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Gong, Xvyue. "A Study of the Condition of Dalit in Contemporary Bangladesh." Advances in Politics and Economics 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2024): p187. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v7n2p187.
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Dalit are one of the important minorities in Bangladesh and have a significant impact on community relations within the country. Historically, they have suffered from a long history of unequal social discrimination. In order to escape stigmatization and improve their social status, Dalit in Bangladesh have been engaged in a series of human rights struggles in recent times. However, Dalit in Bangladesh continue to face unfair experiences to this day. Based on the existing literature, this paper presents the current situation of Dalit in Bangladesh and the initiatives taken by various sections of the society to improve the situation of Dalit.
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Li, Yaojun. "Integration Journey: The Social Mobility Trajectory of Ethnic Minority Groups in Britain." Social Inclusion 6, no. 3 (August 30, 2018): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i3.1542.
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This article studies the processes of social mobility by the main ethno-generational groups in Britain. We compare the origin-education-destination (OED) links between the first- and second- generation ethnic minority groups with those of whites, with a particular focus on whether the second generation are getting closer to whites than do the first generation in the links, hence becoming increasingly integrated into the socio-economic lives of British society. Using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study and adopting structural equation modelling (SEM) methods, we find strong evidence of first-generation setback, and some signs of second-generation catch-up. Indians and Chinese are making progress, but the two black groups and Pakistanis/Bangladeshis are lagging behind. The analysis shows persisting ethnic disadvantages in the labour market in spite of their high levels of educational achievement, and it also shows an emerging order of ethnic hierarchy, running from Indian, Chinese, black Caribbean, Pakistani/Bangladeshi to black African groups.
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Akter A. "Nutritional status and dietary intake pattern among under-5 children of ethnic minorities living in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: Influence on socioeconomic and dietary factors on chronic malnutrition." Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 6, Number 2 (July 1, 2024): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2024.v0602.05.
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Background: Present study retrospectively investigated the nutritional status and nutrient intake pattern of under-5(U5) children of ethnic minorities living in three districts of Chittagong hill tracts (CHTs) of Bangladesh. Materialsand Methods: In 2022, data of 232 children (aged 1-5 years) under 505 male-headed households of three hillydistricts were extracted from the Nutrition, Health, and Demographic Survey (NHDS, 2013), rearranged and analyzedto determine which socioeconomic/dietary factors are associated with the prevalence of malnutrition among U5ethnic children. NHDS was a cross-sectional survey, under the framework of the integrated multipurpose Sample(IMS) design, conducted among Bangladeshi people of all ages including ethnic minorities living in three districts(e.g., Rangamati, Khagrachori, and Bandarban) of CHTs. ‘WHO (2006) child growth standard’ was used to assessU5 nutritional status, 24-hour dietary recall for ‘Nutrient intake’ assessment, and all data were analyzed employingstatistical software packages. Results: Most of the fathers/mothers were in the 26-35 age groups while respectively56.1% and 34.1% fathers and mothers had formal education. Majority (47.4%) of the fathers were farmers, andmothers (69.8%) were house makers with a mean income of 9956.7±459.0 and 2612.8±149.1 BDT, respectively.The overall prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were respectively 28.5%, 20.3%, and 24.6%, with nogender differences (P>0.05). Nutrient analysis indicates the majority of U5 children’s (especially 1-3 years) diet weredeficient in calcium and vitamin A, who met 58.0% of recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for both nutrients.However, RDA fulfillment of protein, iron, and vitamin C were much higher than the recommended level. Multiplelogistic regression outlined that the father’s illiteracy (aOR=4.9), and income ≤7000 BDT (aOR=3.4), <4 dietarydiversity score/DDS (aOR=4.1), <1650 Kcal intake/day (aOR=2.9), and calcium intake ≤250 mg/day (aOR=2.6) weresignificantly associated with the prevalence of stunting. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of chronic malnutrition wasobserved among U5-children living in CHTs, Bangladesh. Majority of U5 children’s diet deficient in energy, calcium,and vitamin A, especially in the 1-3 years.
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Panday, Pranab Kumar. "Politics of Land Grabbing: The Vested Property Act and the Exploitation of Hindu Communities in Bangladesh." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 23, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 382–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02303006.
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The minority communities have been victimised in most of the countries of the sub-continent. Like other countries of the subcontinent, the minorities in Bangladesh have been subject to exploitation at times. This study explores the dynamics of the enactment of the Vested Properties Act 1974 from the historical perspective, identifying factors influencing the enactment of the Act in Bangladesh. The impact of the Act on the exploitation of the Hindu minority in Bangladesh is assessed. The study finds that as governments played political games with the Act, Hindu communities were systematically robbed of land using its provisions.
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Farzana, Kazi Fahmida. "An Artificial Minority: The Stateless Biharis in Bangladesh." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 29, no. 2 (June 2009): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602000902943682.
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Uddin, Md Emaj. "Disparity in family status attainment between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 530–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2015-0187.
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Purpose Structural sociological framework suggests that sociopolitical and economic factors exert independent effects on variations in family status attainment (FSA) across the social/ethnic groups. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and predict how social-political-economic factors exert effects on disparity in FSA between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This study used the cross-cultural survey design to analyze the research objective. In doing so, 585 men (Muslim n=150, Hindu n=145, Santal n=145, and Oraon n=145) who were randomly selected through cluster sampling from the Rasulpur union of Bangladesh were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Findings The results of Pearson’s χ2 test have shown that FSA was significantly different (p<0.01) associated with social-political-economic factors between the majority and minority groups. The results of the linear regression analysis (coefficients of β) suggested that social, political, and economic factors were the best predictors (significant at p<0.01 level) to perpetuate disparity in FSA between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. In addition, the results of coefficients of determination (R2) suggested that unequal distribution of social-political-economic resources perpetuates 10-14 percent disparities in FSA between the majority and minority groups in Bangladesh. Research limitations/implications Although the findings of the study are suggestive to understand the disparity in FSA associated with social-political-economic factors, further cross-cultural research is needed on how the social psychological factor affects variations in FSA between the groups in Bangladesh. In spite of the limitation, social policymakers may apply the findings with caution to design social policy and practice to reduce the disparity in FSA between the majority and minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh. Originality/value The cross-cultural findings are original in linking structural sociological theory and comparative family welfare policy to reduce the disparity in FSA between the majority and minority groups in Bangladesh.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur. "The Biharis of Bangladesh: History, Politics and Society." BL College Journal 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 120–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.62106/blc2019v1i1e6.
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A minority’s sense of identity is shaped by its understanding of its own history. Its self-image is influenced, no less, by the image the majority groups have of the minority, an image shaped in turn, by their understanding of history. Major focus of this writing is on the history of Biharis, with particular emphasis on Bangladesh episode. This write-up investigates the way the Bihari communities experience antagonisms in locations they perceive as ‘exilic imagine places’ in which those antagonisms will be extirpated, and their identities fully realized.
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Thapa, Santa Bahadur. "The Bangladesh crisis: a wake-up call for south Asia." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 07, no. 01 (January 20, 2025): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume07issue01-02.
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Eliminating Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Bangladesh sparked protests, and military intervention in South Asia is a significant factor. Using a qualitative methodology that combines document analysis and a review of various literature, this study looks into the reasons behind the crisis and how events unfolded by different actors involved and ended between countries within the region. Results show the steady decay of democratic standards during the 15 years of Hasina's reign, with suppression of speech, curtailment of dissent, and election rigging. Low-level discontent caused by intractable socio-economic inequities, rising prices, and unemployment combined with ethnic issues (not least discrimination against minorities) increased social tensions. The crisis was further complicated by external interference from regional powers, particularly India and China, which challenged the sovereignty of Bangladesh. Reservation schemes meant to uplift these marginalized groups were subverted for political advantage, based on which tensions and inequality only increased. The crisis highlights the visceral need for democratic norms, inclusive governance and equity, and resilience to external interference. It details the regional consequences of the crisis, which range from potential spill-over in neighboring states to disruption of regional trade and investment to possible rising instability. It urges South Asian countries to lower their political temperature, re-commit to democratic norms and values, strengthen socioeconomic realities, and institutionalize regional cooperation to avoid a repeat of such crises.
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Siddique, Abu, and Michael Vlassopoulos. "Competitive Preferences and Ethnicity: Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh." Economic Journal 130, no. 627 (November 5, 2019): 793–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez063.
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Abstract We investigate whether aversion to competing against members of the ethnically dominant group could be a contributing factor to the persistent disadvantageous socioeconomic position of ethnic minorities. We conducted a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural Bangladesh, randomly assigning participants into groups with different ethnic composition. We find that the ethnic minority group (Santal) are less likely to compete in groups where they are a numerical minority than when all competitors are co-ethnic, whereas the reverse is true for the ethnic majority group (Bengali). Further analysis suggests that differences in social power and status underpin these differences in preferences for interethnic competition.
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Pattanaik, Smruti S. "Majoritarian State and the Marginalised Minorities: The Hindus in Bangladesh." Strategic Analysis 37, no. 4 (July 2013): 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2013.802516.
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Ghose, Rajarshi, and Utsa Ray. "The Caste Question in East Pakistan and Bangladesh." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 44, no. 3 (December 1, 2024): 565–76. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-11470463.
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Abstract In the wake of the United Nations “World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance” held in Durban in 2001, many nongovernmental organizations initiated advocacy campaigns against caste-based discrimination, highlighting the social and economic hardships experienced by Dalit communities in Bangladesh. This article demonstrates that there is a longer history of engagements with the caste question among social scientists in East Pakistan and Bangladesh; however, the endemic practice of identifying caste inequity exclusively with Hinduism often resulted in advocacy campaigns and the social sciences subsuming Dalit experiences into the social predicament of Hindus as a religious minority group. The decoupling of caste and religious minorities in the political and social domains in the aftermath of advocacy campaigns has led to renewed efforts to acknowledge the singularity of Dalit experience in contemporary Bangladesh.
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Alam, Md Ashraful, and Nusrat Hasina. "Constitutional Voice for Good Governance in Bangladesh." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v3i2.159.
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Good governance is a real drive behind a country’s development. It protects the human rights, ensures the justice, maintains law an order and provides equal opportunities to the masses. It provides the fruits of progress and development to all and sundry. Participation, transparency and rule of law, are some essentials of good governance. It is a vital aspect at all levels of society and state. It makes the system of the state effective and efficient. Good governance is not well rooted in Bangladesh due to some challenges. Civil society is trying to focus the concept for smooth development and stability of a country. Because, people of the country enjoy equal rights where there is good governance. Minorities live freely and exercise their religion. Therefore, a welfare state can only exist if there is good governance.
JEL Classification Code: K1
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Singh Dalal, Dr Rajbir, and Vinay Yadav. "The Rohingya Crisis: A Humanitarian Disaster and its Impact on South Asia’s Geopolitics." Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science 13, no. 1 (January 2025): 140–43. https://doi.org/10.35629/9467-1301140143.
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The Rohingya crisis represents one of the most significant humanitarian issues of the 21st century. This paper explores the root causes, dimensions and regional implications of the crisis. It examines the historical context of the Rohingya minority's marginalization in Myanmar, the displacement of over a million refugees to neighboring Bangladesh, and the international community's response. In addition, it analyzes the crisis's impact on South Asian geopolitics, focusing on India-Bangladesh relations, regional security and diplomatic challenges. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating perspectives from international relations, human rights and regional studies. The paper highlights the urgent need for a coordinated international response and sustainable solutions to prevent further escalation.
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Mahmud, A., and M. R. Islam. "POVERTY AND ETHNIC MINORITY IN BANGLADESH: A SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON CHAKMA COMMUNITY." Journal of Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.59125/jst.20210.
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This paper attempts to depict the deteriorating socio-economic status of the indigenous community as an ethnic minority in Bangladesh. The study focuses on the poverty of the community, which is deprived by the majority of Bengalis. This is explained through a broad spectrum of issues that constructed the structure of the discrimination occurring against the community in Bangladesh. The article is based on an empirical study in Rangamati through a survey method using a structured questionnaire. The structure of poverty and its correlates thereof were explained following a systematic poverty measurement technique. The study includes measuring the Headcount ratio, Poverty gap, Squared poverty gap, and Gini- coefficient that made poverty rate and extent of poverty. The major findings reveal that the Chakma community is not only suffering from severe poverty but also faces discrimination and deprivation to a great extent. Results reveal that the Chakma community’s large extent of poverty is caused by belongingness to the minority group while the group has lower inequality or Gini-coefficient among the group. Based on the findings, the study suggests specific policy guidelines for comprehensive poverty alleviation programs in order to improve the socioeconomic conditions of the indigenous community in Bangladesh.
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Sumon, Mahmudul H. "Why refer to the Hindus in Bangladesh as a “minority”?" Politeja 13, no. 40 (2016): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.13.2016.40.21.
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Guhathakurta, Meghna. "Amidst the winds of change: the Hindu minority in Bangladesh." South Asian History and Culture 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19472498.2012.664434.
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Rahman, Aminur. "Digital Piety and Preaching: The Role of Social Media in Shaping Islamic Practices and Discourses in Bangladesh." Journal of Religious and Social Studies 4, no. 1 Jan-Jun (June 27, 2024): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53583/jrss07.03.2024.
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This paper explores the mediatization of Islam through the lens of piety and preaching on social media in Bangladesh. It investigates how the digital realm influences religious practices, particularly focusing on Waz-Mahfil, a traditional form of Islamic sermon that has gained significant traction online. The study delves into the role of social media on religious consciousness, examining how digital platforms facilitate the spread of Islamic teachings and foster religious engagement. It also addresses the dual role of online Islamic discourse in promoting both peaceful religious values and political agendas, as well as its potential to intricate violence against minorities. The paper highlights the complex interplay between technology, religion, and politics in Bangladesh, emphasizing the need for balanced digital literacy to mitigate online extremism and encourage harmonious coexistence. The findings underscore the transformative effects of mediatization on Islam, shaping both individual piety and collective religious expression in contemporary Bangladesh.
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Dussich, John P. J. "The Ongoing Genocidal Crisis of the Rohingya Minority in Myanmar." Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516606918764998.
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The serious plight of the Rohingya ethnic group’s extreme victimization in Myanmar has finally emerged on the international stage. They are mostly a stateless Muslim minority from the state of Rakhine which, over recent decades, have been abused by severe and repeated multiple human rights violations. There are now approximately 850,000 displaced Rohingya refugees mostly in Bangladesh and surrounding countries with thousands more waiting in peril between Myanmar and Bangladesh. The saga of the Rohingya dilemma has been fraught with complex ethno-religious conflicts between Buddhist, Muslim and Hindu factions exacerbated by the scale of people involved, rapidity of events, recency of occurrences, abject poverty, racial hatred, linguistic differences, confused ancestral rights, severe humanitarian violations, genocidal policies, surrounded by nations themselves struggling with few resources. The present-day conflicted leadership in Myanmar between the military and the democratically elected leader of her government, Aung San Suu Kyi, has been severely criticized for their brutal continued ethnic cleansing.
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Khaleque, Abdul, Muhammad Uddin, and Rumana Aktar. "Relations Between Bicultural Attitudes, Paternal Versus Maternal Acceptance, and Psychological Adjustment of Ethnic Minority Youth in Bangladesh." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/694.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of perceived paternal and maternal acceptance on the bicultural orientations and psychological adjustment of ethnic-minority young adults in Bangladesh. The study was based on a sample of 412 young adults (mean age 22 years), consisting of 40% women and 60% men from 18 tribal subgroups in Bangladesh. Measures used were Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ), Bicultural Attitude Scale (BAS) and Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). Results showed that there are significant positive correlations between perceived parental (paternal and maternal) acceptance, heritage culture, and psychological adjustment of the respondents. Results further showed that perceived paternal acceptance has independent and stronger effect than perceived maternal acceptance on the bicultural orientations and psychological adjustment of the minority young adults in Bangladesh.
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Hossain, Md Sumon, and Taposh Kumar Neogy. "The Current Status of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure of Islamic Shari-based Banking Companies in Bangladesh." American Journal of Trade and Policy 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v6i3.352.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the current extent and any difference (if any) of CSR disclosure of Islamic Sharia-based banking companies in Bangladesh during the period of 2011-2015. Content analysis is adopted to accumulate the data from company’s annual reports. The CSR checklist comprise of sixteen dimensions (including 85 items) of CSR activities i.e., ‘Environment’, Disaster management, ‘Sports, Shelter, Women, Disabled, Liberation war, Health, Education, Energy, Minorities, Employee, Product responsibility, IT, Community and Government. The study reveals that the grand mean disclosure of CSR information in annual report of Islamic banks is 25.89% with a standard deviation of 5.49%. Empirical evidence provides that there is statistically significant difference of CSR disclosure among Islamic Sharia-based banking companies in Bangladesh. But there is no significant difference of CSR disclosure of Islamic banking industry in Bangladesh year to year. Moreover, CSR disclosure of Islamic Shari-based banking companies is not diversified rather concentrated on some specific dimension and items of CSR. The study is mainly based on annual reports for the financial year 2011-2015 of Islamic Sharia-based banking companies in Bangladesh. Hence, the conclusion reached cannot be generalized.
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Islam, K. K., and Noriko Sato. "Protected Sal Forest and Livelihoods of Ethnic Minorities: Experience From Bangladesh." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 32, no. 4 (April 2013): 412–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2013.762571.
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Heraclides, Alexis. "Secessionist minorities and external involvement." International Organization 44, no. 3 (1990): 341–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300035323.
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Instances of external state involvement in seven postwar secessionist movements—those of Katanga, Biafra, the Southern Sudan, Bangladesh, Iraqi Kurdistan, Eritrea, and the Moro region of the Philippines—were analyzed to shed light on the patterns of interaction between the international system and secessionist minorities. Examined and tested were numerous assumptions of conventional wisdom on the subject, as well as a variety of other relevant questions concerning the constraints on, content of, and reasons for involvement. The results were contrary to many of the common assumptions. For example, given the international regime's norm against involvement with groups that threaten territorial integrity, external state support of these groups was more extensive than would be expected; and support was given for diverse reasons, rather than based solely on the prospects for tangible gain. Additional results of this study suggest a series of hypotheses for further examination.
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Mayr, Robert, and Aysha Siddika. "Inter-generational transmission in a minority language setting: Stop consonant production by Bangladeshi heritage children and adults." International Journal of Bilingualism 22, no. 3 (October 16, 2016): 255–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006916672590.
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Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of speech development across successive generations of heritage language users, examining how cross-linguistic, developmental and socio-cultural factors affect stop consonant production. Design: To this end, we recorded Sylheti and English stop productions of two sets of Bangladeshi heritage families: (1) first-generation adult migrants from Bangladesh and their (second-generation) UK-born children, and (2) second-generation UK-born adult heritage language users and their (third-generation) UK-born children. Data and analysis: The data were analysed auditorily, using whole-word transcription, and acoustically, examining voice onset time. Comparisons were then made in both languages across the four groups of participants, and cross-linguistically. Findings: The results revealed non-native productions of English stops by the first-generation migrants but largely target-like patterns by the remaining sets of participants. The Sylheti stops exhibited incremental changes across successive generations of speakers, with the third-generation children’s productions showing the greatest influence from English. Originality: This is one of few studies to examine both the host and heritage language in an ethnic minority setting, and the first to demonstrate substantial differences in heritage language accent between age-matched second- and third-generation children. The study shows that current theories of bilingual speech learning do not go far enough in explaining how speech develops in heritage language settings. Implications: These findings have important implications for the maintenance, transmission and long-term survival of heritage languages, and show that investigations need to go beyond second-generation speakers, in particular in communities that do not see a steady influx of new migrants.
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Shafie, Hasan A., and Raasheed Mahmood. "The Plight of an Ethnic Minority: The Munda of Northwest Bangladesh." Asian Anthropology 2, no. 1 (January 2003): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1683478x.2003.10552534.
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Hossain, Bokul, Zamil Hosain, Shirazul Islam, and Siddiqur Rahman. "Intimate partner violence among minority groups: A view from northern Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies 10, no. 3 (August 31, 2023): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/ajssms.v10i3.4955.
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This study investigates the prevalence, characteristics, and associated factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) among minority groups of Bangladesh. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining a survey of 128 participants from minority groups with 10 in-depth case studies. The survey collected quantitative data, while case studies provided qualitative insights. The study reveals a pervasive prevalence of IPV within marginalized communities, with 40.6% of females reporting experiences of IPV. Husbands were identified as the primary abusers (91.4%) of IPV. Various determinants were identified as contributing factors to IPV. These include poor mental health, substance abuse, exposure to childhood violence, patriarchal attitudes, financial pressures, conventional drug use, adherence to cultural and societal norms, and limited education regarding healthy relationships, communication, and conflict resolution skills. Surprisingly, the study highlights that IPV is bidirectional, with 33.6% of respondents admitting to physically harming their spouse during violent incidents. Gender inequality or rigidity was not the predominant determinant of IPV among minority communities in northern Bangladesh. The study underscores the necessity of culturally sensitive strategies to address IPV within marginalized communities. The findings underscore the need to address both sides of the IPV dynamic and advocate for holistic interventions that acknowledge and respect cultural norms and values.
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Yusuf, Imtiyaz. "Nationalist Ethnicities as Religious Identities." American Journal of Islam and Society 34, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 112–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v34i4.808.
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For centuries, the Rohingya have been living within the borders of the countryestablished in 1948 as Burma/Myanmar. Today left stateless, having beengradually stripped of their citizenship rights, they are described by theUnited Nations as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world. Inorder to understand the complexity of this conflict, one must consider howBurma is politically transitioning from military to democratic rule, a processthat is open (much as was Afghanistan) to competition for resources by internationaland regional players such as the United States, China, India, Israel,Japan, and Australia.1 To be fair, the record of Southeast Asian Muslimcountries with Buddhist minorities is also not outstanding. Buddhist minoritiesidentified as ethnic groups have faced great discrimination in, amongothers, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei ...
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Sidhu, Jatswan S. "The Rohingya: Myanmar’s Unwanted Minority." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 236–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_01801011.
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This article analyses the plight of Myanmar’s unwanted people— the Rohingya. Although they have inhabited the country for centuries, the Rohingya are not listed as one of the 135 legally recognized ethnic groups by the state and are therefore categorized as illegal immigrants. Rendered stateless, subject to decades of oppression and systematic human rights violations by the country’s successive governments, these people have now become, according to the UN, the most persecuted minority in the world. While an estimated 1.5 to 2 million Rohingya once lived in Myanmar, only around one- fifth remain at present. Over the last four decades, almost two thirds of its population have fled the country due to state- sponsored ethnic persecution. This article addresses: the reason for the Rohingya’s statelessness; their disputed origins and the issue of Rohingya identity; the context of the Rohingya crisis; the nature of human rights violations against the community; the situation of the Rohingya in Bangladesh; and, finally, international reaction to the crisis.
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Rahman Shah, Md Mojahar, and Md Faruk Shah. "Understanding State Policy and the Role of Bangladesh National Museum in Preserving Ethnic Culture in Bangladesh." Social Science Review 41, no. 1 (January 19, 2025): 215–36. https://doi.org/10.3329/ssr.v41i1.79134.
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This article aims to understand the state policies and the specific role played by the Bangladesh National Museum in preserving and safeguarding ethnic cultures in Bangladesh. Three specific objectives were pursued: the description of the provisions outlined in different laws, acts, and policies that are designed to safeguard ethnic cultures, the examination of the diverse ethnic objects’ collections stored in the museum; and the analysis of the role played by the museum in the collection, exhibition, and preservation of objects pertaining to ethnic groups. The anthropological understanding has been used to comprehend ethnic minorities, policy, and the role of the museum. In-depth interviews, KII, and policy document analysis have been used to collect data. The study argues that state policies mostly prioritize infrastructure development programmes, mainstreaming efforts, and the assimilation of ethnic communities rather than establishing specific and contextually appropriate strategies and actions for the preservation of ethnic traditions and customs. Similar to state policy, the museum has collected artefacts from 14 ethnic groups of the country. Most of the collected objects are from Tripura, Garo Chakma, and Santals groups, with six categories of cultural aspects, e.g., ornament, textile, musical instrument, arms, armour and metal. The museum’s identification of some artefacts belonging to ethnic groups is hindered by the improper collecting procedure. Only 2.7% of total artefacts are ethnic objects, which is insufficient to represent all ethnic cultures. The state policy lacks specificity for preserving ethnic cultures, leading to distorted practices by the museum in dealing with ethnic groups, compromising objectivity and universality in museum practices due to inherent politics in policy-making. Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 215-236.
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Fariha, Tasnim Nowshin. "Human Rights Violation of Dalit Women in Bangladesh." Journal of Legal Subjects, no. 45 (August 7, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jls.45.1.10.
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By reviewing secondary literature, this paper has analyzed the human rights situation and challenges of Dalit communities in Bangladesh, with a specific focus on the status of their women. The review unravels that Dalits belong to the most underprivileged minor communities, generally considered as lesser human beings, impure, polluted, and are secluded as well as excluded from the social and economic domains of mainstream society. Due to the social norms associated with caste system, their economic opportunities are strictly limited to menial, low paid, and service oriented jobs. Social exclusion denies their access to most basic rights, opportunities, and potential to develop as full human beings. As a result, they fail to break the inter-generational cycle of poverty, exclusion, and other forms of socio-economic marginalization. Dalit women’s situation is far worse and daunting due to their multifaceted marginal identities of being gender, religious, and occupational minorities. Finally, this paper advocates the necessity for hearing the voices and perspectives of Dalit communities, and facilitate social dialogues between them and stakeholders from governmental and non-governmental organizations, to preserve and re-conceptualize Dalit’s human rights in their own terms.
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Fair, C. Christine, Ali Hamza, and Rebecca Heller. "Who Supports Suicide Terrorism in Bangladesh? What the Data Say." Politics and Religion 10, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 622–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048317000347.
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AbstractBangladesh, one of the world's largest Muslim countries, is generally viewed as a success story with a strong tradition of secular democracy. Unfortunately, this assertion rests on a weak empirical foundation. Since becoming independent from Pakistan in 1971, democracy and secularism have been consistently undermined. Moreover, since 2000 Bangladesh has experienced more than 100 incidents of Islamist terrorism. More recently, the Islamic State and Al-Qaeda Indian Subcontinent have assaulted religious and ethnic minorities as well as secular and liberal activists. While these turns of events are alarming, Islamist militancy in Bangladesh remains understudied. In this article, we address this lacuna by undertaking regression analysis of recent Pew Research Center survey data to exposit the determinants of popular support of Islamist terrorism. With this study, we hope other scholars will be motivated to turn their attention to this increasingly important state.
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Al-Zaman, Md Sayeed, and Moh Yasir Alimi. "Islam, Religious Confrontation and Hoaxes in the Digital Public Sphere: Comparison of Bangladesh and Indonesia." Komunitas 13, no. 2 (September 23, 2021): 206–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v13i2.27223.
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Religion has a considerable contribution to the creation of present Bangladesh and Indonesia. Historically, religious communalism is common in these two regions and its presence is visible to date. Like other countries, both countries are moving more toward digitalization with a good number of digital migrants, making the internet a digital public sphere. Like offline society, online is now becoming a place of religious dakwah and contentions as well. Digital space offers both opportunities and challenges for the democratic religious public sphere. This article discusses the similarity and differences of online religious public spheres between Indonesia and Bangladesh. The research was conducted in 2021 observing social media particularly Facebook. This research finds that the online religious public sphere witnesses online piety, religious deliberation, the spread of religious hoaxes, and Islamism. While in Bangladesh, online disinformation leads to religious communalism and offline violence against religious minorities, in Indonesia, the digital public sphere is largely dominated by religious discourses argumentation among Muslims and the rise of post-Islamism. The online public sphere of both countries similarly witnesses the rise of hoaxes, post-truth, and banal religion.
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Sengupta, Roshni. "Historical Continuities in South Asian Film Narratives:Contemporary Representations of Religious,Ethno-linguistic and Sexual Minorities." Society and Culture in South Asia 6, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 238–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2393861720923811.
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The article attempts to examine the construction and representation of minority identities in the visual cultures of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, thereby endeavouring to establish a cinematic historiography of South Asia. Since the cinematic medium can accomplish what written history cannot, this article makes an effort to understand the underlying causes of linearity and simultaneity which are fortes of the moving image, with regard to visual construction and representation of religious, ethno-linguistic and sexual identities. The major objectives of this article are to establish a comparative framework for the study of South Asian cinema with focus on films from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, outline a possible theoretical structure for the future study of South Asian cinema, contextualize the intervening spaces between cinema and politics—particularly the realms of cinematic representation of religious or communal identities in South Asian cinema, categorise existing trends and observe transformations in the methodology of cinematic representation of identities.
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Akhter, N., K. Begum, P. Nahar, G. Cooper, D. Vallis, A. Kasim, and G. R. Bentley. "Risk factors for non-communicable diseases related to obesity among first- and second-generation Bangladeshi migrants living in north-east or south-east England." International Journal of Obesity 45, no. 7 (May 4, 2021): 1588–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00822-5.
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Abstract Background Obesity is a global burden, which significantly increases the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). More than a quarter of adults in the United Kingdom are obese, but prevalence varies by ethnicity, and South Asians have the largest burden of NCDs. This paper assesses how sex, generation, and region interplay to vary the predisposition to obesity-related (OR) NCDs among UK Bangladeshis. Methods We used National Institute for Health and Care Excellence suggested grading for combining body mass index and waist circumference to define populations at risk of OR-NCDs. Data from 517 adults of Bangladeshi origin from a cross-sectional study (March 2013 to April 2015) were analysed. Male and female participants from London and north-east England were equally sampled including: (1) adult migrants, who came to the UK aged >16 years; (2) child migrants, who came to the UK aged ≤16 years; and (3) second-generation Bangladeshis (who were born and brought up in the UK). A generalised estimating equation using a binomial distribution and a logit link was used to explore the relationship between the binary outcome of being ‘at risk of OR-NCDs’ and associated factors. Results Females, married individuals, those living in London, the second-generation, and those of lower self-assessed financial status, with low acculturation status, or who did not walk daily for at least 20 min were more likely to develop OR-NCDs. A striking sex difference was found with more females prone to OR-NCD risk in the north-east than in London. Conclusions Our study observed important inter- and intra-regional inequality in OR-NCD risk which worsens the health of ethnic minorities and widens inequality.
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Datta, Biplab Kumar, and Sanjoy Kumar Chowdhury. "Religious minority status and risk of hypertension in women: Evidence from Bangladesh." Heliyon 10, no. 13 (July 2024): e33428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33428.
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Uddin, Md Emaj. "Ecological Framework for Primary School Attainment in Ethnic Minority Children in Bangladesh." Child Indicators Research 10, no. 3 (June 6, 2016): 693–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12187-016-9401-3.
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Muhammed Rashedul, Hasan. "Coverage of Minority Issues in the Selected National Dailies During the 10th Parliamentary Elections in Bangladesh." DIU Journal of Humanities and Social Science 2, no. 01 (July 30, 2014): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36481/diujhss.v.02i1.e7vchk15.
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Attack, intimidation and oppression on the minority communities are significant socio-political phenomenon in Bangladesh. Media reports and experience show that the minority communities face harassment and oppressions by the religious fundamentalists, terrorists and the vested interest groups around different national parliamentary elections. Due to perceived disobedience of the religious minorities to particular political parties, they reportedly come under attack in different political and communal violence. Since the minority issue is a socio-political matter, the role of media in portraying the issue is also diversified and agenda-based. It is expected that being a social organization media should play its role responsibly in regard to the social issues and the functions of the media can be evaluated by determining its political economy. The study depicts how the leading national dailies of the country looked into the minority issues and presented their content during the 10thparliamentary elections in Bangladesh.