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Journal articles on the topic 'Minitans'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Chitrampalam, P., B. M. Wu, S. T. Koike, and K. V. Subbarao. "Interactions Between Coniothyrium minitans and Sclerotinia minor Affect Biocontrol Efficacy of C. minitans." Phytopathology® 101, no. 3 (March 2011): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-10-0170.

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Coniothyrium minitans, marketed as Contans, has become a standard management tool against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a variety of crops, including winter lettuce. However, it has been ineffective against lettuce drop caused by S. minor. The interactions between C. minitans and S minor were investigated to determine the most susceptible stage in culture to attack by C. minitans, and to determine its consistency on S minor isolates belonging to four major mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs). Four isolates of S. minor MCG 1 and 5 each from MCGs 2 and 3 and one from MCG 4 were treated in culture at purely mycelial, a few immature sclerotial, and fully mature sclerotial phases with a conidial suspension of C. minitans. Sclerotia from all treatments were harvested after 4 weeks, air dried, weighed, and plated on potato dextrose agar for recovery of C. minitans. S. minor formed the fewest sclerotia in plates that received C. minitans at the mycelial stage; C. minitans was recovered from nearly all sclerotia from this treatment and sclerotial mortality was total. However, the response of MCGs was inconsistent and variable. Field experiments to determine the efficacy of C. minitans relative to the registered fungicide, Endura, on lettuce drop incidence and soil inoculum dynamics were conducted from 2006 to 2009. All Contans treatments had significantly lower numbers of sclerotia than Endura and unsprayed control treatments, and drop incidence was as low as in Endura-treated plots (P > 0.05). Although the lower levels of lettuce drop in Contans treatments were correlated with significantly lower levels of sclerotia, the lower levels of lettuce drop, despite the presence of higher inoculum in the Endura treatment, was attributable to the prevention of infection by S. minor. A useful approach to sustained lettuce drop management is to employ Contans to lower the number of sclerotia in soil and to apply Endura to prevent S. minor infection within a cropping season.

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2

Jones, E. E., and A. Stewart. "Coniothyrium minitans survival in soil and ability to infect sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5977.

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Survival of the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans in soil when applied as spore suspension or colonised solid substrate (maizemealperlite) inocula and ability to infect Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia incorporated into the soil after different times was assessed over 6 months Unambiguous detection of the C minitans isolate from the indigenous C minitans soil population was achieved using a hygromycin B resistant transformant (T3) which was similar in behaviour to the wild type LU112 Coniothyrium minitans was recovered from soil by dilution plating at all assessment times with higher recovery from spore suspension compared with maizemealperlite amended soil Coniothyrium minitans was able to infect and reduce viability of sclerotia incorporated into the amended soil over the 6 month experiment with spore suspension significantly increasing infection compared with maizemealperlite inoculum Hygromycin B amendment of the agar significantly increased C minitans recovery from sclerotia especially when the population of secondary fungal colonisers was high

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3

Partridge, D. E., T. B. Sutton, D. L. Jordan, V. L. Curtis, and J. E. Bailey. "Management of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with the Biological Control Agent Coniothyrium minitans." Plant Disease 90, no. 7 (July 2006): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0957.

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Sclerotinia blight, caused by Sclerotinia minor, is an important disease of peanut in North Carolina. The effectiveness of Coniothyrium minitans, a mycoparasite of sclerotia of Sclerotinia spp., was studied in a 5-year field experiment and in eight short-term experiments in northeastern North Carolina. The 5-year experiment was initiated in November 1999 to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated soil applications of C. minitans (commercial formulation, Contans WG) at 2 and 4 kg ha-1 in reducing Sclerotinia blight. In addition, individual commercial peanut fields were selected in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate a single application of C. minitans at 4 kg ha-1. No differences were found between the 2 and 4 kg ha-1 rates of C. minitans in reducing Sclerotinia blight. In 2002, there was less disease in plots receiving applications of C. minitans for either 1 or 3 years compared with the nontreated control; whereas, in 2003, C. minitans applications for 1, 2, or 3 years reduced disease and the number of sclerotia isolated from soil. A single application of C. minitans reduced sclerotia in only two of the eight short-term experiments. The integration of consecutive years of soil applications of C. minitans at 2 kg ha-1 with moderately resistant cultivars and fungicide applications may aid in the management of Sclerotinia blight in peanut.

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4

Budge, Simon P., and John M. Whipps. "Potential for Integrated Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Glasshouse Lettuce Using Coniothyrium minitans and Reduced Fungicide Application." Phytopathology® 91, no. 2 (February 2001): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.2.221.

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All pesticides used in United Kingdom glasshouse lettuce production (six fungicides, four insecticides, and one herbicide) were evaluated for their effects on Coniothyrium minitans mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro agar plate tests. Only the fungicides had a significant effect with all three strains of C. minitans tested, being highly sensitive to iprodione (50% effective concentration [EC50] 7 to 18 μg a.i. ml-1), moderately sensitive to thiram (EC50 52 to 106 μg a.i. ml-1), but less sensitive to the remaining fungicides (EC50 over 200 μg a.i. ml-1). Subsequently, all pesticides were assessed for their effect on the ability of C. minitans applied as a solid substrate inoculum to infect sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil tray tests. Despite weekly applications of pesticides at twice their recommended concentrations, C. minitans survived in the soil and infected sclerotia equally in all pesticide-treated and untreated control soil trays. This demonstrated the importance of assessing pesticide compatibility in environmentally relevant tests. Based on these results, solid substrate inoculum of a standard and an iprodione-tolerant strain of C. minitans were applied individually to S. sclerotiorum-infested soil in a glasshouse before planting lettuce crops. The effect of a single spray application of iprodione on disease control in the C. minitans treatments was assessed. Disease caused by S. sclerotiorum was significantly reduced by C. minitans and was enhanced by a single application of iprodione, regardless of whether the biocontrol agent was iprodione-tolerant. In a second experiment, disease control achieved by a combination of C. minitans and a single application of iprodione was shown to be equivalent to that of prophylactic sprays with iprodione every 2 weeks. The fungicide did not affect the ability of C. minitans to spread into plots where only the fungicide was applied and to infect sclerotia. These results indicate that integrated control of S. sclerotiorum with soil applications of C. minitans and reduced foliar iprodione applications was feasible, did not require a fungicide tolerant isolate, and that suppression of Sclerotinia disease by C. minitans under existing chemical control regimes has credence.

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5

Partridge, D. E., T. B. Sutton, and D. L. Jordan. "Effect of Environmental Factors and Pesticides on Mycoparasitism of Sclerotinia minor by Coniothyrium minitans." Plant Disease 90, no. 11 (November 2006): 1407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1407.

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The effects of soil temperature and moisture, and nine pesticides commonly used in peanut production, on the mycoparasitic activity of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor were evaluated. In vitro mycelial growth and conidia germination of C. minitans were sensitive to azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, fluazinam, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and diclosulam. C. minitans survived and infected sclerotia of S. minor in the presence of azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, diclosulam, fluazinam, flumioxazin, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole. Mycoparasitic activity was reduced by all pesticides except S-metolachlor compared with the nontreated control. Optimum conditions for infection of sclerotia were temperatures from 14 to 22°C and soil moisture from -0.33 to -1 kPa × 102. Mycoparasitic activity of C. minitans remained high (98% sclerotia infected) at temperatures ranging from 14 to 22°C, but decreased at temperatures above 28°C. Viability of sclerotia was inversely related to the proportion infected by C. minitans (r = -0.9963, P = 0.001). Mycoparasitic activity also declined when soil moisture was greater than -1 kPa × 102 or less than -0.10 kPa × 102. These results indicate that C. minitans should not be applied when temperatures exceed 28°C, during extremes in soil moisture, or when there is a high risk of contact with pesticides before it becomes established in the soil.

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6

Gerlagh, M., H. M. Goossen-van de Geijn, N. J. Fokkema, and P. F. G. Vereijken. "Long-Term Biosanitation by Application of Coniothyrium minitans on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-Infected Crops." Phytopathology® 89, no. 2 (February 1999): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.2.141.

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The effect of the fungal mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans applied as a spray to crops infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (causal agent of white mold) on contamination of soil with S. sclerotiorum sclerotia was studied in a 5-year field experiment. Sclerotial survival also was monitored during two subsequent years, when the field was returned to commercial agriculture. In a randomized block design, factorial combinations of four crops and three treatments were repeated 10 times. Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation. Plots were treated with C. minitans or Trichoderma spp. or were nontreated (control). Crops were rotated in each plot, but treatments were applied to the same plot every year. After 3 years during which it showed no effect on sclerotial survival, the Trichoderma spp. treatment was replaced by a single spray with C. minitans during the fourth and fifth years of the trial. The effect of treatments was monitored in subsequent seasons by counting apothecia as a measure of surviving S. sclerotiorum sclerotia and scoring disease incidence. Trichoderma spp. did not suppress S. sclerotiorum, but C. minitans infected at least 90% of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia on treated crops by the end of the each season. C. minitans lowered the number of apothecia compared with the other treatments during the second year after the bean crop. C. minitans reduced the number of apothecia by ≈90% when compared with the control and Trichoderma spp. treatments and reduced disease incidence in the bean crop by 50% during the fifth year of the trial, resulting in a slightly higher yield. In 1993, but not 1994, a single spray with C. minitans was nearly as effective at reducing apothecia as three sprays (monitored in 1995). The final population size of sclerotia in soil at the end of the 7-year period was lower in all C. minitans plots than at the beginning of the trial, even in plots where two highly susceptible bean crops were grown during the period. The results indicate that the mycoparasite C. minitans has the potential to keep contamination of soil with sclerotia low in crop rotations with a high number of crops susceptible to S. sclerotiorum.

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7

Huang, H. C., and E. G. Kokko. "Ultrastructure of hyperparasitism of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 2483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-337.

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Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hyphae of the hyperparasite Coniothyrium minitans invade sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, resulting in the destruction and disintegration of the sclerotium tissues. The dark-pigmented rind tissue is more resistant to invasion by the hyperparasite than the unpigmented cortical and medullary tissues. Evidence from cell wall etching at the penetration site suggests that chemical activity is required for hyphae of C. minitans to penetrate the thick, melanized rind walls. The medullary tissue infected by C. minitans shows signs of plasmolysis, aggregation, and vacuolization of cytoplasm and dissolution of the cell walls. While most of the hyphal cells of C. minitans in the infected sclerotium tissue are normal, some younger hyphal cells in the rind tissue were lysed and devoid of normal contents.

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8

McLean, K. L., M. Madsen, and A. Stewart. "The effect of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotial viability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Ciborinia camelliae." New Zealand Plant Protection 57 (August 1, 2004): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2004.57.6891.

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The effect of Coniothyrium minitans on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Ciborinia camelliae sclerotial viability was determined on three different substrates sand soil and sawdust using fully factorial repeat experiments (Trials 1 and 2) In Trial 1 C minitans significantly reduced the number of viable S sclerotiorum sclerotia in sand (48) and sawdust (0) but not in soil (60) compared with the untreated sclerotia (92 64 and 88 respectively) after 8 weeks Although C minitans had no effect on C camelliae sclerotial viability the sawdust only treatment reduced viability to 0 after 4 weeks In the repeat experiment (Trial 2) C minitans had no effect on S sclerotiorum or C camelliae sclerotial viability although C camelliae sclerotial viability was again significantly reduced in the sawdust control treatment (812) compared with the sand and soil control treatments (>84) Coniothyrium minitans has some potential for biocontrol of S sclerotiorum but not of C camelliae Sawdust may be an option for use as an under plant mulch for control of C camelliae

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9

Whipps, J. M., S. K. Grewal, and P. Van Der Goes. "Interactions between Coniothyrium minitans and sclerotia." Mycological Research 95, no. 3 (March 1991): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81237-9.

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10

Dahiya, Jagroop S., Dalel Singh, and Poonam Nigam. "Characterisation of laccase produced byConiothyrium minitans." Journal of Basic Microbiology 38, no. 5-6 (November 1998): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4028(199811)38:5/6<349::aid-jobm349>3.0.co;2-b.

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11

Ridgway, H. J., and A. Stewart. "Molecular marker assisted detection of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans A69 in soil." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3661.

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Coniothyrium minitans A69 has been shown to have biological control activity against the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and a PCR based assay has been developed to specifically identify this isolate The practical application of this PCR assay for detection of C minitans from soil was assessed Sterile and nonsterile soil was inoculated with spores from C minitans A69 at five different concentrations and DNA recovered using a SDS/Phenol/Chloroform method A number of factors affected DNA recovery and subsequent PCR with a maximum sensitivity of down to 1x102 spores/g soil achieved in sterile soil Detection of C minitans in nonsterile soil was hampered by failure of the fungus to germinate However this method has improved throughput and cost effectiveness compared with conventional detection methods involving quantitative colony recovery

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12

Li, Bo, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Guoqing Li, Mahammad Imran Hamid, and Xianhong Yi. "Cyclic GMP as a Second Messenger in the Nitric Oxide-Mediated Conidiation of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 9 (March 5, 2010): 2830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02214-09.

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ABSTRACT Understanding signaling pathways that modulate conidiation of mitosporic fungi is of both practical and theoretical importance. The enzymatic origin of nitric oxide (NO) and its roles in conidiation by the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans were investigated. The activity of a nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) enzyme was detected in C. minitans as evidenced by the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline. Guanylate cyclase (GC) activity was also detected indirectly in C. minitans with the GC-specific inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), which significantly reduced production of cyclic GMP (cGMP). The dynamics of NOS activity were closely mirrored by the cGMP levels during pycnidial development, with the highest levels of both occurring at the pycnidial initiation stage of C. minitans. Furthermore, the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), stimulated the accumulation of cGMP almost instantly in mycelium during the hyphal growth stage. When the activity of NOS or GC was inhibited with Nω-nitro-l-arginine or ODQ, conidial production of C. minitans was suppressed or completely eliminated; however, the suppression of conidiation by ODQ could be reversed by exogenous cGMP. The results also showed that conidiation of an l-arginine auxotroph could be restored by the NO donor SNP, but not by cGMP. Thus, NO-mediated conidiation has more than one signal pathway, including the cGMP signal pathway and another yet-unknown pathway, and both are essential for conidiation in C. minitans.

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13

Li, G. Q., H. C. Huang, and S. N. Acharya. "Sensitivity of Ulocladium atrum, Coniothyrium minitans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to benomyl and vinclozolin." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-077.

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Assays on mycelial growth and spore germination were carried out to determine the sensitivity of the biocontrol agents Ulocladium atrum and Coniothyrium minitans and the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to benomyl and vinclozolin. Ulocladium atrum was more tolerant to these fungicides than C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of U. atrum based on the mycelial growth inhibition was 1467.3 µg active ingredient (a.i.)/mL for benomyl and 12.6 µg a.i./mL for vinclozolin, and the maximum inhibition concentration was higher than 4000 µg a.i./mL for both fungicides. For C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum, however, the EC50 based on mycelial growth inhibition was lower than 1 µg a.i./mL. After incubation for 24 h at 20°C, the germination rate of U. atrum conidia was 9099% on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with benomyl at 100500 µg a.i./mL or vinclozolin at 10500 µg a.i./mL. At these concentrations, germ tubes of U. atrum developed into long, branched hyphae in benomyl treatments, but they remained short and clustered in vinclozolin treatments. Pycnidiospores of C. minitans and ascospores of S. sclerotiorum germinated on PDA amended with benomyl at 100500 µg a.i./mL, but the germ tubes did not grow further. Spore germination of C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum was less than 3.2% on PDA amended with vinclozolin at 10500 µg a.i./mL after 24 h. This is the first report on the sensitivity of U. atrum and C. minitans to benomyl and vinclozolin. The results suggest that it is possible to control S. sclerotiorum using a combination of U. atrum and benomyl or vinclozolin.Key words: fungicides, mycelial growth, spore germination, integrated pest management.

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14

Wang, L., and P. Vincelli. "Coniothyrium minitans on Apothecia of Sclerotinia trifoliorum." Plant Disease 81, no. 6 (June 1997): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.6.695d.

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During a study of apothecial dynamics of Sclerotinia trifoliorum at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm at Lexington, an apothecium with small black patches on the surface of the hymenium was found. The affected apothecium was incubated in a moist chamber at room temperature. After 3 days, white, cottony mycelium was observed on the surface of the hymenium; pycnidia formed in the mycelium and around the stipe of the apothecium several days later. The apothecium eventually decayed and shrunk. Pycnidia measured 168 to 520 μm (mean 311 μm). Pycnidiospores were dark brown en masse; they were ovoid to ellipsoid, measuring 3.1 to 8.2 μm (mean 6.0 μm) in length and 3.1 to 4.1 μm (mean 3.7 μm) in width, and were faintly verrucose. Fresh sclerotia of S. trifoliorum were produced in vitro and then inoculated with pycnidiospores produced on potato dextrose agar. Inoculated sclerotia were incubated in a moist chamber at room temperature. After 7 to 10 days, inoculated sclerotia shriveled and decayed, pycnidia formed on their surfaces, and the same fungus was isolated. The fungus was identified as Coniothyrium minitans Campbell. Among 58 apothecia examined in the field on 1 November, three were apparently parasitized; pycnidia developed on one of these following a 3-day incubation. Weather conditions during the preceding 2 weeks had been generally humid with above-normal temperatures (daily mean air temperature range and interquartile range were 4.0 to 20.0 and 8.9 to 16.1°C, respectively), which may have favored activity of the mycoparasite. C. minitans was reported by Campbell (1) in California on sclerotia formed in cultures of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. It causes decay of sclerotia of several Sclerotinia spp., some Botrytis spp., and Sclerotium cepivorum in soil. Consequently, it may have considerable biological control potential. It has been recorded in 29 countries and on all continents except South America (2). The fungus previously has been isolated from only sclerotia or, in a few instances, directly from soil. This is the first report on C. minitans parasitic on apothecia collected from the field. References: (1) W. A. Campbell. Mycologia 39:190, 1947. (2) C. Sandys-Winsch et al. Mycol. Res. 97:1175, 1993.

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15

McQuilken, Mark P., Jacqueline Gemmell, Robert A. Hill, and John M. Whipps. "Production of macrosphelide A by the mycoparasiteConiothyrium minitans." FEMS Microbiology Letters 219, no. 1 (February 2003): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1097(02)01180-1.

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16

Sandys-Winsch, C., J. M. Whipps, M. Gerlagh, and M. Kruse. "World distribution of the sclerotial mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans." Mycological Research 97, no. 10 (October 1993): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81280-x.

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17

WILLIAMS, R. H., J. M. WHIPPS, and R. C. COOKE. "Splash dispersal of Coniothyrium minitans in the glasshouse." Annals of Applied Biology 132, no. 1 (February 1998): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1998.tb05186.x.

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18

Lee, Sang Yeob, Sung Kee Hong, In Hu Choi, Yong Dal Chon, Jeong Jun Kim, Ji Hee Han, and Wan Gyu Kim. "Biological Control of Paraconiothyrium minitans S134 on Garlic White Rot Caused by Sclerotium cepivorum." Korean Journal of Mycology 40, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4489/kjm.2012.40.4.282.

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19

Grendene, A., and P. Marciano. "Interaction betweenSclerotinia sclerotiorum andConiothyrium minitans strains with different aggressiveness." Phytoparasitica 27, no. 3 (September 1999): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02981459.

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20

Shukunami, Ryo, Yutaka Iwamoto, Shinji Sugiura, Kentaro Ikeda, Hitohsi Nakayashiki, and Kenichi Ikeda. "Field method to monitor the mycoparasitic fungus Coniothyrium minitans." Journal of General Plant Pathology 82, no. 1 (November 11, 2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10327-015-0633-8.

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21

Li, Moxiao, Xiaoyan Gong, Jin Zheng, Daohong Jiang, Yanping Fu, and Mingsheng Hou. "Transformation ofConiothyrium minitans, a parasite ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum, withAgrobacterium tumefaciens." FEMS Microbiology Letters 243, no. 2 (February 2005): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.12.033.

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22

Ooijkaas, L. P., J. Tramper, and R. M. Buitelaar. "Biomass Estimation of Coniothyrium Minitans in Solid-State Fermentation." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 22, no. 6 (May 1998): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0229(97)00246-9.

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23

McLaren, D. L. "Biological Control of Sclerotinia Wilt of Sunflower withTalaromyces flavusandConiothyrium minitans." Plant Disease 78, no. 3 (1994): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-78-0231.

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24

Lee, Sang Yeob, Sung Kee Hong, Jeong Jun Kim, Ji Hee Han, and Wan Gyu Kim. "Biological control of Paraconiothyrium minitans CM2 on Lettuce Sclerotinia Rot Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Korean Journal of Mycology 40, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4489/kjm.2012.40.4.271.

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25

Eade, K. M., N. Rabeendran, H. Ridgway, and A. Stewart. "The development of Coniothyrium minitans as a biocontrol agent." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3678.

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26

Muthumeenakshi, S., Alan L. Goldstein, Alison Stewart, and John M. Whipps. "Molecular studies on intraspecific diversity and phylogenetic position of Coniothyrium minitans." Mycological Research 105, no. 9 (September 2001): 1065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(08)61968-1.

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27

Rabeendran, N., E. E. Jones, D. J. Moot, and A. Stewart. "Biocontrol of Sclerotinia lettuce drop by Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma hamatum." Biological Control 39, no. 3 (December 2006): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.06.004.

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28

Zeng, Wenting, Dechun Wang, William Kirk, and Jianjun Hao. "Use of Coniothyrium minitans and other microorganisms for reducing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Biological Control 60, no. 2 (February 2012): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.10.009.

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29

Ooijkaas, L. P., R. M. Buitelaar, J. Tramper, and A. Rinzema. "Growth and sporulation stoichiometry and kinetics ofConiothyrium minitans on agar media." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 69, no. 3 (2000): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0290(20000805)69:3<292::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-z.

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30

Nicot, Philippe C., Félicie Avril, Magali Duffaud, Christel Leyronas, Claire Troulet, François Villeneuve, and Marc Bardin. "Differential susceptibility to the mycoparasite Paraphaeosphaeria minitans among Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates." Tropical Plant Pathology 44, no. 1 (September 17, 2018): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40858-018-0256-7.

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Moretini, Alex, and Itamar Soares de Melo. "Formulação do fungo Coniothyrium minitans para controle do mofo-branco causado por Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 2 (February 2007): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007000200003.

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O fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, agente causal do mofo-branco, tem controle dificultado pela longevidade de seus escleródios no solo. Uma estratégia alternativa de controle é o uso do fungo antagonista Coniothyrium minitans, que parasita os escleródios de S. sclerotiorum e reduz a incidência da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma formulação com C. minitans capaz de controlar o mofo-branco. Para tanto, picnídios deste fungo foram encapsulados com diferentes polímeros (alginato de sódio e pectina cítrica), caulim e substratos naturais (farinha de trigo e celulose). Das combinações obtidas, a formulação que continha 0,5% de alginato, 1,5% de celulose e 5% de caulim apresentou os melhores resultados quanto à viabilidade do fungo e controle da doença. Os grânulos da formulação armazenados a 4ºC apresentaram 100% de viabilidade do fungo. Nos grânulos armazenados a 28ºC, o fungo perdeu capacidade de crescer após os primeiros dois meses. O fungo formulado foi capaz de esporular sobre os grânulos incubados em meio de cultura BDA e no solo, como também foi capaz de reduzir a incidência da doença.

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Tomprefa, Nicola, Robert Hill, John Whipps, and Mark McQuilken. "Some environmental factors affect growth and antibiotic production by the mycoparasiteConiothyrium minitans." Biocontrol Science and Technology 21, no. 6 (June 2011): 721–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2011.575211.

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Smith, S. N., R. Chohan, R. A. Armstrong, and J. M. Whipps. "Hydrophobicity and surface electrostatic charge of conidia of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans." Mycological Research 102, no. 2 (February 1998): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756297004796.

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Cheng, Jiasen, Daohong Jiang, Yanping Fu, Guoqing Li, Youliang Peng, and Said A. Ghabrial. "Molecular characterization of a dsRNA totivirus infecting the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans." Virus Research 93, no. 1 (May 2003): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(03)00064-9.

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Whipps, J. M., and M. Gerlagh. "Biology of Coniothyrium minitans and its potential for use in disease biocontrol." Mycological Research 96, no. 11 (November 1992): 897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80588-1.

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Williams, Roger H., John M. Whipps, and Roderic C. Cooke. "Role of soil mesofauna in dispersal of Coniothyrium minitans: mechanisms of transmission." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30, no. 14 (December 1998): 1937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(98)00064-9.

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37

Bennett, Amanda J., Carlo Leifert, and John M. Whipps. "Survival of Coniothyrium minitans associated with sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38, no. 1 (January 2006): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.04.032.

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38

Gong, Xiaoyan, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang, Guoqing Li, Xianhong Yi, and Youliang Peng. "l-Arginine is essential for conidiation in the filamentous fungus Coniothyrium minitans." Fungal Genetics and Biology 44, no. 12 (December 2007): 1368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2007.07.007.

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Yang, Long, Guoqing Li, Jing Zhang, Daohong Jiang, and Weidong Chen. "Compatibility of Coniothyrium minitans with compound fertilizer in suppression of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Biological Control 59, no. 2 (November 2011): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.07.002.

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McQuilken, M. P., and J. M. Whipps. "Production, survival and evaluation of solid-substrate inocula ofConiothyrium minitans againstSclerotinia sclerotiorum." European Journal of Plant Pathology 101, no. 1 (January 1995): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01876098.

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41

Shi, Junling, Yin Li, Yi Zheng, Yi Zhu, Xiaoping Zhang, Guocheng Du, and Jian Chen. "Tryptophan supplementation and pH adjustment for optimizing the sporulation of Coniothyrium minitans." Biotechnology Letters 30, no. 2 (October 24, 2007): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-007-9549-5.

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42

Ooijkaas, L. P., E. C. Wilkinson, J. Tramper, and R. M. Buitelaar. "Medium optimization for spore production ofConiothyrium minitans using statistically-based experimental designs." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 64, no. 1 (July 5, 1999): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990705)64:1<92::aid-bit10>3.0.co;2-8.

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43

Rabeendran, N., E. E. Jones, D. J. Moot, and A. Stewart. "Evaluation of selected fungal isolates for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using cabbage pot bioassays." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4289.

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Nine fungal isolates were assayed for their ability to reduce mycelial infection of cabbage by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in three pot bioassays In all cases mycelial infection by S sclerotiorum was low However the mycelial inoculum converted into sclerotia which underwent carpogenic germination to produce apothecia In the first pot bioassay four fungal isolates (T hamatum LU594 LU593 and LU592 and T rossicum LU596) reduced the percentage of pots where apothecia were produced Both the number of apothecia produced per pot and the number of pots showing apothecial production were reduced by T hamatum LU593 in the second pot bioassay (by 86 and 76 respectively) In the third bioassay Coniothyrium minitans LU112 was found to completely inhibit apothecial production and T hamatum LU593 reduced both the number of pots with apothecia (by 48) and the total number of apothecia produced per pot (by 72) Both C minitans LU112 and T hamatum LU593 showed the greatest potential for controlling S sclerotiorum disease and these will be tested further in field trials

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Goldstein, Alan L., Margaret A. Carpenter, Ross N. Crowhurst, and Alison Stewart. "Identification of Coniothyrium minitans Isolates Using PCR Amplification of a Dispersed Repetitive Element." Mycologia 92, no. 1 (January 2000): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761449.

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McQuilken, M. P., J. Gemmell, and J. M. Whipps. "Some Nutritional Factors Affecting Production of Biomass and Antifungal Metabolites of Coniothyrium minitans." Biocontrol Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (August 2002): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150220146022.

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Penaud, Annette, and Hervé Michi. "Coniothyrium minitans, un agent de lutte biologique au service de la protection intégrée." Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides 16, no. 3 (May 2009): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2009.0259.

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Grendene, Alessandra, Paola Minardi, Alessio Giacomini, Andrea Squartini, and Paola Marciano. "Characterization of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans: comparison between morpho-physiological and molecular analyses." Mycological Research 106, no. 7 (July 2002): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756202006093.

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Zantinge, J. L., H. C. Huang, and K. J. Cheng. "Induction, screening and identification of Coniothyrium minitans mutants with enhanced β-glucanase activity." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 32, no. 2 (February 2003): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00249-1.

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Lou, Yi, Yongchao Han, Long Yang, Mingde Wu, Jing Zhang, Jiasen Cheng, Moying Wang, Daohong Jiang, Weidong Chen, and Guoqing Li. "CmpacC regulates mycoparasitism, oxalate degradation and antifungal activity in the mycoparasitic fungusConiothyrium minitans." Environmental Microbiology 17, no. 11 (October 21, 2015): 4711–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13018.

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Ren, L., G. Li, and D. Jiang. "Characterization of some culture factors affecting oxalate degradation by the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans." Journal of Applied Microbiology 108, no. 1 (January 2010): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04415.x.

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