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Academic literature on the topic 'MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSING'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSING"

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Andersson, Matts, Svante Mandell, Helena Braun Thörn, and Ylva Gomér. "The effect of minimum parking requirements on the housing stock." Transport Policy 49 (July 2016): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.05.005.

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McDonnell, Simon, Josiah Madar, and Vicki Been. "Minimum parking requirements and housing affordability in New York City." Housing Policy Debate 21, no. 1 (January 2011): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2011.534386.

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Appolloni, Letizia, and Daniela D’Alessandro. "Housing Spaces in Nine European Countries: A Comparison of Dimensional Requirements." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 4278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084278.

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Modern housing units must meet new needs and requirements; housing dimensions and functional characteristics are relevant issues, mainly considering population ageing and disability. The housing standards of nine European countries were compared to analyze their ability to satisfy new population need, in terms of size. The regulations were downloaded from the websites of the official channels of each country. A wide variability in room size was observed (e.g., single room: from 9 m2 in Italy to 7 m2 in France, to the absence of any limit in England and Wales, Germany-Hesse, and Denmark). Italian and French legislations define housing dimension considering the room destination and the number of people. The Swedish regulation provides performance requirements and functional indications but does not specify the minimum dimensions of habitable rooms. The rooms’ minimum heights vary between 2.70 m in Italy and Portugal and 2.60 m in the Netherlands, but no limits are established in England and Wales. A diverse approach among European countries regulations is observed: from a market-oriented logic one (e.g., England and Wales) in which room minimum dimensions are not defined to a prescriptive one (Italy) and one that is functionality-oriented (the Netherlands). However, considering the health, social, environmental, and economic trends, many of these standards should be revised.
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Brown, Anne, Vinit Mukhija, and Donald Shoup. "Converting Garages into Housing." Journal of Planning Education and Research 40, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x17741965.

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Cities have a large supply of garages that could be converted into affordable housing in single-family neighborhoods, but minimum parking requirements prevent converting most of these garages into apartments. We examine how cities can relax off-street parking requirements for houses with converted garages. In Residential Parking Permit Districts, cities can limit the number of on-street parking permits allowed at any address with a second unit. This policy can remove on-street parking congestion as a reason for neighbors to oppose garage conversions, double the potential number of housing units in single-family neighborhoods, and increase the supply of safe, affordable housing.
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Horback, Kristina. "284 Prop 12 and Its Implications for Future On-farm Animal Welfare in the United States." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.013.

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Abstract California’s Proposition 12, also known as the Farm Animal Confinement Initiative, will go into full effect starting in January 2022. This measure changes the minimum space requirement for egg-laying hens, calves raised for veal, and breeding sows within the state of California. These changes include housing that provides 1 to 1.5 square feet of floor space per hen within a cage-free system, 43 square feet of floor space per veal calf, and 24 square feet of floor space per sow. In addition, Proposition 12 would require producers to move the sows from gestation pens into farrowing crates for a maximum of 5 days before they are due to farrow. This measure also prohibits producers outside of California from importing their eggs, veal, or pork into the state unless they meet these minimum housing requirements. The goal of these requirements is to ensure that they animal can lie down, stand up, turn around, and fully extend their limbs without touching the sides of their stalls or another animal. While the intent of this new housing requirement may allow for a greater freedom of movement, animal welfare concerns are still prominent for group housing. For breeding sow, such concerns include injuries caused by social aggression, and, abnormal or harmful behaviors related to feed restriction. These welfare concerns can be addressed when considerations are given to the group composition (e.g., age and size of sows), pen mixing practices (e.g., pre or post breeding), feeding schedule [e.g., collective (trough, floor fed) or individual (electronic sow feeding, free access stalls)], and, pen structural quality (e.g., flooring, enrichment). Given that California represents approximately 15 percent of the American pork market, this measure will have considerable economic and ethical implications related to barn renovations, animal care staff training, and husbandry practices for the entire U.S. pork industry.
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Rawlings, Samantha, John Lo Verde, and Wayland Dong. "Application of acoustical control through building codes and regulatory requirements." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010571.

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The International Building Code (IBC) establishes minimum acoustical performance requirements for permanent and transient housing facilities. The lab parameters for acoustical performance within the IBC are useful during the design and permitting process but fail to provide code officials, builders, designers, and residents a method for evaluating the success of a completed building. The latest update to the IBC in 2021 establishes standards and metrics for use in evaluating post-construction code compliance to mutually protect all stakeholders (builders, code officials, occupants, municipalities, etc.) in housing facilities and reduces historic ambiguity in the code. Historically, the nature of the metrics and their ability to evaluate success has been limited (“Field impact insulation testing: Inadequacy of existing normalization methods and proposal for new ratings analogous to those for airborne noise reduction,” LoVerde/Dong, JASA , 2005). There is some historic precedent regarding the application and measurement requirement for field metrics (“Coping with uncertainties in the design and evaluation ofacoustical assemblies,” LoVerde/Dong, ASA Hong Kong, 2012). This presentation expands this conversation to examine regulatory requirements and discusses application of field verification of acoustical performance metrics.
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Romeo-Gurruchaga, María, Jorge Otaegi, and Iñigo Rodríguez-Vidal. "New Temporary Public Housing Typology in the Basque Country: A Legislative and Design Response to the New Requirements of the 21st Century Society." Architecture 3, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture3010002.

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The Administration of the Basque Country has been responsible for public housing since 1981. Since then, more than 104,000 protected housing units have been built for 2,200,000 inhabitants, 34,000 of which have been directly promoted by the Basque Government. To better adapt its policies to the requirements of a new contemporary society, the Housing Department of the Basque Government has developed a new Habitability Decree in 2022. This Decree aims to update housing to the new ways of living in Basque society and to incorporate new social requirements regarding housing, such as universal accessibility, gender perspective, productive housing, and remote work, while trying to open new ways to improve flexibility of the housing stock. This article analyses some of the key aspects of the new Decree and one of the newly regulated typologies for temporary housing aimed at young and older populations. In addition to the critical selection of the most relevant aspects of the Decree, this article aims at contextualising its requirements in the European context and the broader reference framework of the housing crisis in the Basque Country. To that end, the most notable novelties of the Decree are presented alongside the analysis of 13 temporary housing projects developed by the Housing Department before the approval of the Decree, placing special emphasis on the issue of over-occupation. The analysis makes it possible to typologically characterise the temporary accommodation built to date and to compare the new minimum living space requirements per person with other international regulations. As a conclusion, a discussion is offered about the usefulness of the Decree for adapting new housing in the Basque country to the 21st century, and for preventing the issue of overcrowding.
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Zheng, Bin, Shengyan Fu, and Jilin Lei. "Topology Optimization and Multiobjective Optimization for Drive Axle Housing of a Rear Axle Drive Truck." Materials 15, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 5268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155268.

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As one of the important load-bearing components of a truck, the drive axle housing must meet the requirements of stiffness and strength. The traditional design method uses redundancy design to meet the performance requirements. The joint design between the three-dimensional mathematical model and finite element model is adopted, and the optimal design of the drive axle housing is realized based on topology optimization and multiobjective optimization. Firstly, the static analysis of the drive axle housing of a rear axle drive truck was carried out with four typical working conditions. It was concluded that the four working conditions all operate under the yield limit of the material, and it was found that the maximum equivalent stress of the four working conditions occurs at the step of the half-shaft casing. Among the four working conditions, the most critical one is the maximum vertical force working condition. Then, based on the maximum vertical force working condition, the fatigue life analysis is conducted, and the minimum fatigue life appears at the transition position of the half-shaft sleeve and the arc transition position of the main reducer chamber. The remaining parts can meet the design requirements. The overall safety factor of the drive axle housing is mainly between 1 and 5 when operating under this working condition. Then, through modal analysis, the first to sixth natural frequency and vibration modes of the drive axle housing are extracted. Based on the modal analysis, the dynamic characteristics of the drive axle housing are further studied by harmonic response analysis and random vibration analysis. Finally, two kinds of lightweight optimization schemes for the drive axle housing are given. Topology optimization reduces the mass of the drive axle housing by 17.4%, but the overall performance slightly decreases. Then, the five dimensional parameters of the drive axle housing are selected as design variables. The mass, maximum deformation, equivalent stress, service life, and the first-, second- and third-order natural frequencies are defined as objective functions. Through the optimal space-filling design method, the experimental designs are performed and the sample points are obtained. Based on the results of experiment design, the multiobjective genetic algorithm and response surface method are combined to optimize the objective functions. The analysis results show that the mass is reduced by 4.35%, the equivalent stress is reduced by 21.05%, the minimum life is increased by 72.28%, and the first-, second-, and third-order natural frequency are also increased to varying degrees. Two different optimization strategies are provided for the design of the drive axle housing.
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Sacht, H. M., J. A. Rossignolo, and C. Bueno. "Cast-in-place concrete walls: thermal comfort evaluation of one-storey housing in São Paulo State." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 4, no. 1 (March 2011): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952011000100003.

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This paper presents a proposal of thermal performance evaluation of a one-storey housing typology (TI24A) executed by CDHU - Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano do Estado de São Paulo, considering the use of cast-in-place monolithic panels of concrete, with different thicknesses panels (8, 10 and 12 cm) and density between 1600 and 2400 kg/m³. In this study, the specific purpose was discussing the influence of the characteristic of concrete walls on the housing thermal performance without slab. Was defined of first parameters of study (definition of the one-storey housing typology, survey about housing users behavior and cities choose) and executed computational simulation (winter and summer), for four São Paulo State cities (São Paulo, São Carlos, Santos e Presidente Prudente), with the software Arquitrop 3.0 in a one-storey housing. Was observed that in winter and summer the typologies analyzed, the panels thickness variation had more influence about results than different concrete densities. The minimum level of thermal performance (M) in winter has been granted for some cities, with exception of Santos. In summer one of São Paulo city’s typology was attended the minimum level of thermal performance in agreement with standard “NBR 15575 Residential buildings up to five storied - Performance, Part 1: General requirements”.
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Filonenko, O. I., O. I. Yurin, and O. A. Kodak. "ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 1, no. 50 (April 11, 2018): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2018.50.1075.

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The problem of the Ukrainian housing stock energy performance is under consideration. Analysis of the outer walling thermal protection condition has been performed for the basic building construction solutions through the example of Poltava. The housing stock is represented by brick, large-block and panel system buildings, erected in the 50–80-th of the last century. The actual values of heat transfer resistance of the outer walls, windows, covers and other building enclosure are 3–5-fold less than the permissible minimum dimension according to the present-day requirements. The article presents recommendations for thermal modernization of the outer walls in accordance with their construction design, attic and basement floors (over the unheated basement), as well as transparent outer structures according to the present-day standard requirements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSING"

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Halvorsen, Ivar Johan. "Minimum Energy Requirements in Complex Distillation Arrangements." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-309.

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Distillation is the most widely used industrial separation technology and distillation units are responsible for a significant part of the total heat consumption in the world’s process industry. In this work we focus on directly (fully thermally) coupled column arrangements for separation of multicomponent mixtures. These systems are also denoted Petlyuk arrangements, where a particular implementation is the dividing wall column. Energy savings in the range of 20-40% have been reported with ternary feed mixtures. In addition to energy savings, such integrated units have also a potential for reduced capital cost, making them extra attractive. However, the industrial use has been limited, and difficulties in design and control have been reported as the main reasons. Minimum energy results have only been available for ternary feed mixtures and sharp product splits. This motivates further research in this area, and this thesis will hopefully give some contributions to better understanding of complex column systems.

In the first part we derive the general analytic solution for minimum energy consumption in directly coupled columns for a multicomponent feed and any number of products. To our knowledge, this is a new contribution in the field. The basic assumptions are constant relative volatility, constant pressure and constant molar flows and the derivation is based on Underwood’s classical methods. An important conclusion is that the minimum energy consumption in a complex directly integrated multi-product arrangement is the same as for the most difficult split between any pair of the specified products when we consider the performance of a conventional two-product column. We also present the Vmin-diagram, which is a simple graphical tool for visualisation of minimum energy related to feed distribution. The Vmind-diagram provides a simple mean to assess the detailed flow requirements for all parts of a complex directly coupled arrangement.

The main purpose in the first part of the thesis has been to present a complete theory of minimum energy in directly coupled columns, not a design procedure for engineering purposes. Thus, our focus has been on the basic theory and on verification and analysis of the new results. However, based on these results, it is straightforward to develop design procedures including rigorous computations for real feed mixtures without the idealized assumptions used to deduce the analytic results.

In part 2 we focus on optimization of operation, and in particular the concept of self-optimizing control. We consider a process where we have more degrees of freedom than are consumed by the product specifications. The remaining unconstrained degrees of freedom are used to optimize the operation, given by some scalar cost criterion. In addition there will in practice always be unknown disturbances, model uncertainty and uncertainty in measurements and implementation of manipulated inputs, which makes it impossible to precalculate and implement the optimal control inputs accurately.

The main idea is to achieve self-optimizing control by turning the optimization problem into a constant setpoint problem. The issue is then to find (if possible) a set of variables, which when kept at their setpoints, indirectly ensures optimal operation.

We have used the ternary Petlyuk arrangement to illustrate the concept. It is a quite challenging case where the potential energy savings may easily be lost if we do not manage to keep the manipulated inputs at their optimal values, and the optimum is strongly affected by changes in feed composition and column performance. This also applies to the best control structure selection, and we believe that the reported difficulties in control are really a control structure problem (the task of selecting the best variables to control and the best variables to manipulate).

In this analysis we present in detail the properties of the Petlyuk arrangement, and show how important characteristics depend on the feed properties and product purity. We have used finite stage-by-stage models, and we also show how to use Underwood’s equations to compute the energy consumption for infinite number of stages for any values of the degrees of freedom. Such computations are very simple. The results are accurate and in terms of computation time, outperform simulations with finite stage-by-stage models by several magnitudes. The analysis gives a basic understanding of the column behaviour and we may select operating strategies based on this knowledge for any given separation case. In some cases there will be a quite flat optimality region, and this suggests that one of the manipulated inputs may be kept constant.We also show that the side-stream purity has strong impact on the optimality region. One observation is that a symptom of sub-optimal operation can be that we are unable to achieve high sidestream purity, and not necessarily increased energy consumption.

In summary, the presented results contribute to improved understanding and removal of some uncertainties in the design and operation of directly integrated distillation arrangements.

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Renz, William Joseph Jr. "A minimum housing prototype for affordable housing : existenzminimum in Atlanta and Columbus." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24096.

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Bozalioglu, Dogu. "Evaluation Of Minimum Requirements For Lap Splice Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608284/index.pdf.

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Minimum requirements for lap splices in reinforced concrete members, stated in building codes of TS-500 and ACI-318, have a certain factor of safety. These standards have been prepared according to research results conducted previously and they are being updated according to results of recent studies. However the reliability of lap splices for minimum requirements needs to be investigated. For this purpose, 6 beam specimens were prepared according to minimum provisions of these standards. The test results were investigated by analytical procedures and also a parametric study was done to compare two standards. For smaller diameter bars both standards give safe results. Results showed that the minimum clear cover given in TS500 is insufficient for lap spliced bars greater than or equal to 26 mm diameter.
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Krishnaswamy, Vidya. "Minimum design standards strategies for specific urban locations with reference to India." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063105/.

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Lundman, Astrid. "Evalutaion of Sweden’s accessibility requirements for housing." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254303.

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Today all newly constructed accommodations need to complete all the accessibility requirements for housing. This is part of the final goal to achieve a complete existence of only accessible housing with in Sweden. According to some people this seems a bit unreasonably considering only a fraction of Sweden’s inhabitants need this type of accessible housing. To build accessible is considered very expansive and not accompanying a financial sustainable society. Because of this, this thesis will conduct an evaluation of Sweden’s accessibility requirements. The method of this evaluation concludes a minor literature review and field survey. A total of five interviews has been executed with people that in different ways are affected by the accessibility requirements. The purpose of these interviews is to understand what the industries perception is of today’s accessibility requirements and found out how they work in practice. This report also investigates the possibility of an availability fund. This fund would require every real estate developer to capitalize an amount of money which later can be used for accessibility adaption when necessary. This will be possible since new accessibility quotes will be introduced, which will result in lowered productions costs. This thesis discussion is based on an analysis and comparison of the results from the literature review and the field survey. This discussion leads up to five recommendations on how the subject of accessibility can improve and develop. These recommendations consist of, Visit availability; Availability fund; An review of Boverkets building regulations; Type-approver solution proposals & Open discussion.
Idag måste nyproducerade bostäder byggas enligt samtliga tillgänglighetskrav. Målet med detta är att slutligen uppnå ett bestånd där samtliga bostäder uppnår tillgänglighetskraven. Detta kan anses orimligt då enbart en bråkdel av Sveriges befolkning är i behov av tillgängliga och användbara bostäder. Att bygga tillgängligt är något som många anser vara mycket kostsamt samt icke samhällsekonomsikthållbart. I detta examensarbete utförs en utredning av dagens tillgänglighetskrav. Detta görs genom en mindre litteraturöversikt samt en intervjuundersökning. Ett flertal intervjuer med personer som på olika sätt påverkas av dagens tillgänglighetskrav har utförts. Syftet med dessa intervjuer är att ta reda på vad branschen tycker om dagens krav samt hur de fungerar i praktiken. Denna rapport utreder även möjligheten om en tillgänglighetsfond. Denna fond ska fungera genom att byggherrar vid varje nyproduktion av bostäder fonderar en viss andel kapital i denna fond som sedan kan användas när tillgänglighetsanpassning är aktuellt. Detta ska göras möjligt genom att olika kvoter av tillgängligt byggande införs, vilket resulterar i minskade produktionskostnader. Avslutningsvis har en diskussion framställs baserat på en analys och jämförelse av resultatet från litteraturöversikten och intervjuundersökningen. Denna rapport avslutas med fem stycken rekommendation till hur denna fråga kan förbättras och utvecklas. Dessa rekommendationer är Besökstillgänglighet; Tillgänglighetfond; Översyn av Boverkets byggregler; Typgodkända lösningsförslag & Bjud in till diskussion.
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Ahdab, Yvana D. (Yvana Daniella). "Desalination of brackish groundwater in the United States : minimum energy requirements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111776.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-122).
Water scarcity around the globe has motivated rising interest in desalinating brackish groundwater to meet fresh water demand. Various organizations in the United States have collected more hydrological and chemical data from the growing number of wells. Yet, only one national assessment of groundwater resource distribution and availability has been conducted in the United States since the 1960s, and no national assessment has been conducted on the energy costs required to make brackish groundwater potable. Because the ionic composition of groundwater varies significantly from location to location, unlike seawater, conducting site-specific analyses of the resource across the U.S. is necessary. This thesis uses chemical and physical data from a U.S. Geological Survey dataset compiled in 2017, including samples from over 100,000 groundwater wells across the United States, to carry out a nationwide investigation of brackish groundwater composition and minimum desalination energy costs. Beginning with a full Pitzer-Kim mixed electrolyte model, we develop a thermodynamic analysis of the least work of separation in order to compute the site-specific least work of separation required for groundwater desalination. Least work of separation represents a baseline for specific energy consumption of real-world desalination systems. Then, we study the geographic distribution of least work of separation to determine areas with both low least work of separation and high water stress. These regions hold potential for desalination to decrease the disparity between high water demand and low water supply. We develop simplified equations for least work as a function of recovery ratio and the following parameters: total dissolved solids, specific conductance, ionic strength, and molality. Lastly, we examine the effects of groundwater composition on minimum energy costs, and the geographic distribution of total dissolved solids, well depth and major ions.
by Yvana D. Ahdab.
S.M.
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Ahdab, Yvana D. (Yvana Daniella). "Desalination of brackish groundwater in the United States : minimum energy requirements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111776.

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Abstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-122).
Water scarcity around the globe has motivated rising interest in desalinating brackish groundwater to meet fresh water demand. Various organizations in the United States have collected more hydrological and chemical data from the growing number of wells. Yet, only one national assessment of groundwater resource distribution and availability has been conducted in the United States since the 1960s, and no national assessment has been conducted on the energy costs required to make brackish groundwater potable. Because the ionic composition of groundwater varies significantly from location to location, unlike seawater, conducting site-specific analyses of the resource across the U.S. is necessary. This thesis uses chemical and physical data from a U.S. Geological Survey dataset compiled in 2017, including samples from over 100,000 groundwater wells across the United States, to carry out a nationwide investigation of brackish groundwater composition and minimum desalination energy costs. Beginning with a full Pitzer-Kim mixed electrolyte model, we develop a thermodynamic analysis of the least work of separation in order to compute the site-specific least work of separation required for groundwater desalination. Least work of separation represents a baseline for specific energy consumption of real-world desalination systems. Then, we study the geographic distribution of least work of separation to determine areas with both low least work of separation and high water stress. These regions hold potential for desalination to decrease the disparity between high water demand and low water supply. We develop simplified equations for least work as a function of recovery ratio and the following parameters: total dissolved solids, specific conductance, ionic strength, and molality. Lastly, we examine the effects of groundwater composition on minimum energy costs, and the geographic distribution of total dissolved solids, well depth and major ions.
by Yvana D. Ahdab.
S.M.
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Sanchez, Paul. "Coming of Age: A Look at Minimum Age Requirements in Professional Sports." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/802.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Olsson, Kimberly. "How Have the Amortization Requirements Affected Housing Prices in Stockholm?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254822.

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The aim of this study was to investigate how the amortization requirements of 2016 and 2018 haveaffected the housing prices in Stockholm county, using an event-study approach and a regressionanalysis. Furthermore, the paper studies how the regulations have affected single-family housescompared to tenant-owned apartments, if the effect was different for tenant-owned apartments ofdifferent sizes and if existing housing compared to newly produced housing were affected differently.The reasoning behind the introduction of amortization requirements was to regulate and decreasegrowing household indebtedness that was making Swedish households vulnerable to changes in theoverall economy. The second requirement aimed to further regulate household indebtedness and wasexpected to lower housing prices, which it received criticism for. The report is limited to thedevelopment of house prices for single-family houses and tenant-owned apartments betweenDecember 2013 and February 2019.The primary findings of this report are that the amortization requirements have resulted in decreasedexpected returns. Consistent with previous literature, the introduction of macroprudential policiesreduced the price growth for existing tenant-owned apartments and decreased the housing prices ofsingle-family houses and newly produced homes. The amortization requirements accomplished theFinancial Supervisory Authority’s aim of reducing household indebtedness, but increased the averageloan-to-value ratios for households. Lastly, it has become increasingly difficult for younger householdsto finance their housing purchase due to increased monthly payments and thereby failing to pass theleft-to-live-on computations created by lenders. At the same time, the rental housing market remainslimited.
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur amorteringskraven som infördes under 2016 and 2018,påverkade bostadspriserna i Stockholms län. Genom att tillämpa en eventstudie och enregressionsanalys försöker denna studie förklara hur regleringarna har påverkat priserna för småhusjämfört med bostadsrätter, om påverkan på priserna skilde sig mellan bostadsrätter av olika storlekaroch om påverkan skilde sig mellan befintligt bestånd och nyproducerade bostäder. Motivationenbakom amorteringskraven var att reglera och minska hushållens skulder, eftersom de gjorde hushållensårbara för ekonomiska störningar. Det andra amorteringskravet förväntades även sänkabostadspriserna och mottog därför en del kritik. Denna rapport är begränsad till utvecklingen avsmåhus- och bostadsrättspriser mellan december 2013 och februari 2019.De huvudsakliga slutsatserna i denna rapport är att amorteringskraven har minskat förväntade vinster.I tidigare litteratur har makroekonomiska regleringar minskat prisökningen, vilket också är resultatetför denna studie. För småhus och nyproducerade bostäder minskade också priserna jämfört medföregående period. Amorteringskraven har uppnått Finansinspektionens mål om att minska hushållensskulder men har samtidigt ökat skuldkvoten bland hushåll. Avslutningsvis har det blivit svårare förunga hushåll att finansiera sitt bostadsköp då amorteringskraven ökar månadsbetalningarna och gör attde inte klarar av kvar-att-leva-på-kalkylerna hos bankerna. Samtidigt är hyresmarknaden ärsvåråtkomlig och begränsar därmed bostadsalternativen på marknaden.
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Lezis, Israelsson Jennifer. "What are the minimum requirements of numbers used in a good case study?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32556.

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Books on the topic "MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSING"

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Washington (State). Dept. of Social and Health Services. Minimum licensing requirements for adult family homes. [Olympia, Wash.]: State of Washington, Dept. of Social and Health Services, 1990.

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Services, Washington (State) Dept of Social and Health. Minimum licensing requirements for adult family homes for developmentally disabled adults and other adults in need of protection. [Olympia, Wash.]: State of Washington, Dept. of Social and Health Services, 1986.

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Shavell, Steven. Minimum asset requirements. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Havens, Harry S. Minimum capital requirements for banks under risk-based capital standards: Statement of Harry S. Havens, Assistant Comptroller General, U.S. General Accounting Office, before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, United States Senate. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1989.

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United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Minimum capital requirements for banks under risk-based capital standards: Statement of Harry S. Havens, Assistant Comptroller General, U.S. General Accounting Office, before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, United States Senate. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1989.

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Sritharan, Sri, Hartanto Wibowo, Michael J. Rosenthal, Jacob N. Eull, and Jay Holombo. LRFD Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Requirements. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25527.

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Alberta Energy and Utilities Board. Surface casing depth minimum requirements. Calgary, Alta: Energy Resources Conservation Board, 1997.

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Jan, Dluhosch Eric, ed. The minimum dwelling =: L'habitation minimum = Die Kleinstwohnung : the housing crisis, housing reform ... Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2002.

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J, Mace Douglas, and United States. Federal Highway Administration., eds. Minimum retroreflectivity requirements for traffic signs. McLean, Va: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1993.

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Association, American Public Health, and Center for Disease Control (U.S.), eds. APHA-- CDC recommended minimum housing standards. Washington, D.C: American Public Health Association, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSING"

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Lund, Brian. "Future Housing Requirements." In Housing in the United Kingdom, 161–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04128-1_5.

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Philip, James H. "Minimum Monitoring Requirements (USA)." In Computing and Monitoring in Anesthesia and Intensive Care, 3–6. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68201-1_1.

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Broere, Mark. "Objectives and Minimum Return Requirements." In Decision-Making in Private Equity Firms, 35–65. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03780-2_3.

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Hoppmann, Kai, Gioni Mexi, Oleg Burdakov, Carl Johan Casselgren, and Thorsten Koch. "Minimum Cycle Partition with Length Requirements." In Integration of Constraint Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Operations Research, 273–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58942-4_18.

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Western, Jeffrey L., and Martin W. Butalla. "Minimum Recommended SSC Laboratory Seismic Design Requirements." In Supercollider 5, 863–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2439-7_202.

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Geddes, Patrick, and Ray Bromley. "Industrial Efficiency and the Requirements of Housing." In Town Planning towards City Development, 136–39. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Studies in: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315761961-77.

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Hammer, Reiner. "Minimum Coronal Energy Requirements: Constraints for Heating Mechanisms." In Mechanisms of Chromospheric and Coronal Heating, 316–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87455-0_52.

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Siegman, Patrick. "Abolishing Minimum Parking Requirements: A Guide for Practitioners." In Parking and the City, 231–43. First edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351019668-24.

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Sakashita, Mariko, Kazuhisa Makino, and Satoru Fujishige. "Minimum Cost Source Location Problems with Flow Requirements." In LATIN 2006: Theoretical Informatics, 769–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11682462_70.

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Manville, Michael. "Parking Requirements and Housing Development in Los Angeles." In Parking and the City, 205–12. First edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351019668-20.

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Conference papers on the topic "MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSING"

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Rao, Prabhat Kumar, and Arindam Biswas. "Measuring Housing Affordability Using Residual Income Method for Million-plus Cities in India." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021257n3.

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Housing affordability is an ever-growing concern in rapidly urbanizing countries like India. The need for affordable housing can hardly be overemphasis in India. Government has many policies and programs running for fulfilling the requirement. But it is essential to define affordability standards for the success of any such policies and programs. The Ratio Method, which is currently used as the base for determining affordable housing, doesn’t have the flexibility to match the varied scale and standards across Indian cities. This paper is based on Michel E stone’s residual income’ method to measure housing affordability for India’s million-plus city. It gives a new approach for measuring housing affordability based on the minimum living cost for survival. It uses Poverty Line data (2014) and NSSO economic survey data (2012) for defining the minimum standard of living in the city. Stakeholders can use the city-specific measurement for affordable housing generated from this paper in affordable housing policies and programs.
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Das, Partha S. "Design and Analysis of a New Accessory Gearbox Housing for a Gas Turbine Engine." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46747.

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Accessory Gearbox (AGB) Housing is one of the most critical components of a gas turbine engine that lies between the core engine & the aircraft. The function of the AGB Housing is to provide support for the gear drive assembly that transfers power from the engine to the engine accessories and to the power takeoff drive for the aircraft accessories. The housing also functions as an oil tight container and passageway for lubrication. In addition, the AGB housing provides mount points to attach engine/aircraft support accessories, including the engine mount points to the aircraft. The complexity in predicting AGB housing behavior under the gear loading, engine loading and engine induced vibration is one of the main challenges of designing a new gearbox with minimum weight. To address these issues, the current paper presents for the first time the design-analysis of a new lightweight AGB housing for a turboshaft engine, based on the following three major requirements: i) gear bearing pads strength & stiffness capability, ii) AGB mount pads (for accessories and for engine) load carrying capability, and, iii) vibratory response (mainly high cycle fatigue (HCF) response) of the AGB housing. A 3-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model of the AGB housing was developed using the proposed initial design. Various design modifications, involving several interrelated, iterative steps, were then carried out by adjusting and modifying the housing wall thickness, placement & sizes of internal ribs and external gussets, including additional geometric modifications to satisfy the design objectives. The result is a robust, lightweight AGB housing design, eliminating the need for some of the required testing for the qualification of the new gearbox, indicating a significant cost savings. This paper also discusses in detail the methodology for the gear bearing pad strength/stiffness calculation, the FEA modeling techniques for the application of mount loads and gear bearing loads under operating & flight maneuver conditions, and, a methodology for addressing a combined HCF & LCF (Low Cycle Fatigue) response of the housing.
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Ostenfeld, Klaus H. "New trends and requirements in bridge and structural engineering." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0028.

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<p>Traffic infrastructure and buildings represent the biggest investments in the modern society, and life expectancy is expected to be several hundreds of years. At the same time traffic and housing needs increase and mode of use changes faster than ever - a trend that is expected to increase. Also the societal requirements for safety increase and to complicate matters the technologies and ma- terials available are increasing and new technologies appear at short intervals. Further, the future developments are expected by society to meet rapidly increasing sustainability requirements and limitation on use of resources, all with minimal climatic footprint.</p><p>These trends will change the role of the structural engineer and the way he/she adresses this much more complicated and demanding environment in close cooperation with specialists in other do- maines.</p><p>The lecture will address these subjects and hopefully create a basis for debates and meaningful discussions with innovative solutions in our various structural engineering fora including IABSE.</p>
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Park, Youn, Dragi Gasevski, Marlow Springer, Milos Stanic, Viraj Kulkarni, and Dhiren Marjadi. "Simulation Driven Design Workflow for Aircraft Gearbox." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15091.

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Abstract The aerospace industry is driven more than ever to reduce time and cost of developing aircrafts while reducing weight without compromising performance. This challenge cascades down to design of aircraft engines, where manufacturers are striving to deliver engines with higher fuel efficiency and power per unit weight. The challenge cascades down further to aerospace systems such as gearboxes. The focus of this paper is to addresses this challenge through application of model-based systems engineering and a design workflow based on simulation and optimization. A typical gearbox design starts with system level performance requirements such as power requirements, speed, torques and operating conditions. The goal is to design a minimum weight, manufacturable gearbox in the shortest possible time that meets the performance requirements. In this paper, authors present a design workflow developed for meeting this goal. The efficiency of the workflow presented here comes from the use of advanced simulation technologies, seamless integration of the workflow tasks, and modern and intuitive user experience. The proposed workflow focuses on design of housing and lubrication. This workflow is demonstrated on an aircraft engine accessories gearbox. Gear and bearing design are currently out of the scope of this paper and can be addressed in future work. Demonstrating a fully detailed workflow on a real-life gearbox housing with all the physics covered here would require many man-months of work and is outside the scope of authors’ IRAD funding. Instead, authors have presented a proof of concept of the workflow while providing key statistics to support the value and feasibility of the workflow.
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Corchon, Fernando, In˜aki Gorrochategui, and Sam Ranganath. "Mechanical Testing of Roll Repaired Boiling Water Reactor Control Rod Drive Housings." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26696.

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Cracking and occasional leaks have been reported in some Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) control rod drive (CRD) stub tubes. Roll expansion of the housing against the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) bottom head penetration has been used successfully to provide a leak barrier. The recently approved ASME Code Case N-730 “Roll expansion of Class 1 Control Rod Drive (CRD) Bottom Head Penetrations in BWRs, Section XI, Division 1” provides the specific criteria for the application of roll expansion. The minimum roll band length in the Code Case was based on the requirement that the roll joint capability exceed the scram forces on the CRD. The roll joint capability was based on a simplified analytical model with assumed friction factors. The predictive model was then compared with the results of extensive testing on mockups. This paper describes the results of the testing that has been performed to determine the load capability of roll repairs for different roll band lengths, material combinations (stainless steel and Alloy 600), percent wall thinning, thermal cycling and surface condition. The mock-ups were rolled using procedures and rolling equipment similar to those used in actual plant application. The mock-ups were tested in a testing machine by applying a ‘push force’ on the housing. In addition to measuring the force using a load cell, strain gages were also used to measure the strains on the housings. LVDTs were used to monitor the displacement during the test. The results showed that the resistance of the rolled joint (i.e. the load capability) is proportional to the roll length. The load capability was not a strong function of wall thinning or thermal cycling. It was strongly affected by the surface condition (e.g. oxidation) and the housing material yield strength. The predictive model was consistent with the test results and confirmed that the roll expansion joint has substantial load capability. Thus, the roll joint is not only a leak barrier, but also a structural load-carrying joint that is sufficient to resist the upward scram loads on CRDs.
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Goodfellow, Graham, and Jane Haswell. "A Comparison of Inherent Risk Levels in ASME B31.8 and UK Gas Pipeline Design Codes." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10507.

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The approach to gas pipeline risk and integrity management in the US, involving the development of integrity management plans for High Consequence Areas (HCA), is usually qualitative, as outlined in ASME B31.8S. Depending on the engineering judgement of the assessment team this can lead to a wide variety of results making risk comparison between pipelines difficult. Qualitative risk ranking methods are popular in Europe, but quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is also used for setting acceptable risk levels and as an input to risk and integrity management planning. It is possible to use quantitative risk assessment methods to compare the levels of risk inherent in different pipeline design codes. This paper discusses the use of pipeline quantitative risk assessment methods to analyse pipelines designed to ASME B31.8 and UK IGE/TD/1 (equivalent to PD 8010, published by BSI, for the design of gas pipelines) codes. The QRA utilises predictive models for consequence assessment, e.g. pipeline blowdown and thermal radiation effects, and failure frequency, in determining the risk levels due to an operational pipeline. The results of the analysis illustrate how the risk levels inherent in the two codes compare for different class locations & minimum housing separation distances. The impact of code requirements on design factor, depth of burial, population density and the impact of third party activity on overall risk levels are also discussed.
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Krieger, Wolfgang. "Welfare, Housing and Changed Housing Requirements of Old People." In III International Scientific Symposium on Lifelong Wellbeing in the World. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.01.51.

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Lorenz, William. "Development of a Smart Actuator for Turbine Engine Applications." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-044.

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The application of distributed control systems to turbine engine controls offers the potential for major reductions in development time and costs for the engine control and the engine. Once the data bus and power bus are standardized for elements of a distributed control system, the industry will have a group of sensors, actuators, and controllers that could be interchangeable between applications. Software and hardware will still require modification to fit the specific application, however, great strides will have been made toward a “plug and play” capability between sensors, actuators, and controllers all tied together on the same data bus. The main controller in a distributed control system, except for software, would be interchangeable from engine to engine. This paper describes the design and development of the electronics for a smart actuator and discusses the design considerations which were used to guide the requirements. Requirements unique to turbine engine applications include temperature environments to 30° C, a severe vibration environment, minimum size and weight, and very high reliability. The electronics developed for the smart actuator were packaged on credit card sized printed wiring board modules. Two of these modules were packaged in a housing approximately 23×3.4×1.1 inches. The electronics operate from 28 volt DC power and communicate with the rest of the control system via the MEL-STD-1553B data bus. Although a hydraulic actuator was chosen as the demonstration vehicle, the electronic module is adaptable to any servo application and can be expanded to read any of the common engine sensors and operate solenoids. The chosen actuator was intended as a development tool to expose the design problems of distributed systems. Therefore, this first demonstration unit was designed using electronic components rated for 125° C operation. AlliedSignal is currently a member of a consortium of companies under DARPA sponsorship developing a family of SOI (silicon-on-insulator) integrated circuits rated for 200° C operation. Our current 125° C design is compatible with the new devices being developed. A 200° C unit is planned for 1998. Further improvements in the metalization used in the SOI devices will allow reliable long term operation to about 300° C. Devices for this higher temperature range are expected to be available in 1999.
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Theisen, Theis, and Jonas Dahl. "The impact of residence requirements on housing prices." In 26th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2019_187.

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Marker, Dan K., James R. Rotge, Richard A. Carreras, Dennis C. Duneman, and James M. Wilkes. "Minimum strain requirements for optical membranes." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by John D. Gonglewski and Mikhail A. Vorontsov. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.367591.

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Reports on the topic "MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSING"

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Shavell, Steven. Minimum Asset Requirements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9335.

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Ellis, J. R. Minimum release survey requirements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194740.

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Huang, Haiming, and Thomas White. Minimum Crushed Aggregate Requirements. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313271.

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Judson, I. R. Access Grid node minimum requirements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822570.

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Burch, D. M. Indoor ventilation requirements for manufactured housing. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4574.

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Gustman, Alan, and Thomas Steinmeier. Minimum Hours Constraints, Job Requirements and Retirement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10876.

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Baldo, Jr, and James. Minimum Requirements for the CUS (Common User Subsystem) Workstation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199008.

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Ghosh, S. K., and Mark Fintel. Exceptions of Precast, Prestressed Members to Minimum Reinforcement Requirements. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.comp-026.

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L. Booth. BOUNDED MINIMUM INHERENT AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION DOCUMENTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862040.

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Benjamin, Michael R. Underwater Vehicle Control: Minimum Requirements for a Robust Decision Space. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada461209.

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