Journal articles on the topic 'Minimum meal frequency'
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Wagris, Mohammed, Anwar Seid, Molla Kahssay, and Osman Ahmed. "Minimum Meal Frequency Practice and Its Associated Factors among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Amibara District, North East Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2019 (December 18, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8240864.
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Background. Minimum meal frequency, a proxy indicator for a child’s energy requirements, examines the number of times children received foods other than breast milk. Without adequate diversity and meal frequency, infants and young children are vulnerable to malnutrition, especially stunting and micronutrient deficiencies, and increased morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, only 45% of children had fed with an age-appropriate minimum meal frequency. Objective. The study was aimed to assess the minimal meal frequency practice, and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Amibara district, North East Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 07–May 23, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was applied to select 367 children aged 6–23 months. The univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses model was used to identify potential predictors of meeting minimum meal frequency. All variables with P values <0.25 in the univariable analysis were taken to multivariable analysis, and variables at P values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. The study revealed a prevalence of minimum meal frequency 69.2% (95% CI: 0.64–0.74). Timely initiation of breastfeeding (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI (1.17, 4.18)), current breastfeeding status (AOR = 7.5, 95% CI (3.95, 14.4)), meeting minimum dietary diversity (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI (1.85, 7.44)), and household hunger scale (AOR = 5.3, 95% CI (1.5, 12.5)) were some of the significant predictors to achieve minimum meal frequency. Conclusion. The prevalence of minimum meal frequency practice is low in the study area. Current breastfeeding status, timely initiation of breastfeeding, no/little household hunger scale, and meeting minimum dietary diversity were found as significant predictors for minimum meal frequency practice. Mothers having children aged 6–23 months should be aware and practice appropriate infant and young child feeding practices including timely initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding till the child celebrate his/her second birthday, recommended meal frequency, and dietary diversity practice. In addition, households should be assessed and strengthened for food security.
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Jain, Ayushi, Muneer Kalliyil, and Satish Agnihotri. "Minimum Diet Diversity and Minimum Meal Frequency – Do They Matter Equally? Understanding IYCF Practices in India." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_084.
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Abstract Objectives Infant and Young Child Feeding practices, mainly, complementary feeding in children between 6 months and two years of age, is found to be sub-optimal and emerge as the weakest link in improving child nutrition outcomes in India. Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), comprising of two sub-indicator – Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) and Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), serves as an essential indicator to understand the diet adequacy pattern in children. The objective of this study was thus to investigate the role of MDD-MMF dyad in influencing the nutritional outcomes in children and its pattern across regions in India. Methods Data was obtained from the National Family Health Survey – 4 (NFHS-4) from the DHS Program website. The prevalence of MMF and MDD was calculated for 640 districts in India. The MMF and MDD were classified into three categories - high, medium and low based on equal percentile distribution of their prevalence range. Districts with high MMF and high MDD formed one cohort. Similarly, eight other cohorts were created based on their performance on MMF and MDD indicator. The prevalence of Stunting (St), Wasting (Wa) and Underweight (Uw) in children between 6 months and two years of age was then calculated for each of the nine cohorts. The districts were also mapped based on their cohort category to study the variation across regions in India. Results All three anthropometric indicators – stunting, wasting and underweight showed significant decline moving across low MMF- low MDD cohort (40% St; 26.2% Wa; 37.1% Uw) to medium MMF – medium MDD cohort (38.6% St; 23.8% Wa; 35.4% Uw) to high MMF – high MDD cohort (29% St; 15.5% Wa; 19.2% Uw). Second, the importance of minimum dietary diversity in improving nutritional outcomes was revealed, as opposed to minimum meal frequency, which shows improvement only when it reaches a certain threshold. Third, mapping revealed sharp differences across various regions in MMF-MDD pattern, especially in the states like Odisha, Assam and Andhra Pradesh. States in the central region performed poorly on complementary feeding indicators, specifically diet diversity. Conclusions The study highlights the importance of optimal complementary feeding practices in improving nutrition outcomes and the need to consider the regional heterogeneities while promoting IYCF practices in India. Funding Sources None.
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Scarpa, Giulia, Lea Berrang-Ford, Maria Galazoula, Paul Kakwangire, Didacus B. Namanya, Florence Tushemerirwe, Laura Ahumuza, and Janet E. Cade. "Identifying Predictors for Minimum Dietary Diversity and Minimum Meal Frequency in Children Aged 6–23 Months in Uganda." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 5208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245208.
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Adequate complementary foods contribute to good health and growth in young children. However, many countries are still off-track in achieving critical complementary feeding indicators, such as minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). In this study, we used the 2016 Ugandan Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) data to assess child feeding practices in young children aged 6–23 months. We assess and describe complementary feeding indicators (MMF, MDD and MAD) for Uganda, considering geographic variation. We construct multivariable logistic regression models—stratified by age—to evaluate four theorized predictors of MMF and MDD: health status, vaccination status, household wealth and female empowerment. Our findings show an improvement of complementary feeding practice indicators in Uganda compared to the past, although the MAD threshold was reached by only 22% of children. Children who did not achieve 1 or more complementary feeding indicators are primarily based in the northern regions of Uganda. Cereals and roots were the foods most consumed daily by young children (80%), while eggs were rarely eaten. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that health status, vaccination status and wealth were significantly positively associated with MDD and MMF, while female empowerment was not. Improving nutrition in infant and young children is a priority. Urgent nutritional policies and acceptable interventions are needed to guarantee nutritious and age-appropriate complementary foods to each Ugandan child in the first years of life.
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Manzione, Lauren, Heidi Kriser, Emily Gamboa, Curtis Hanson, Generose Mulokozi, Osiah Mwaipape, Taylor Hoj, et al. "Maternal Employment Status and Minimum Meal Frequency in Children 6-23 Months in Tanzania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (March 29, 2019): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071137.
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As women in developing world settings gain access to formal work sectors, it is important to understand how such changes might influence child nutrition. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between maternal employment status and minimum meal frequency (MMF) among children in Tanzania. Interviews were conducted with 5000 mothers of children ages 0–23 months. The questionnaire used in these interviews was developed by adopting questions from Tanzania’s latest Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2016) where possible and creating additional questions needed for programmatic baseline measurements. MMF was used as proxy for child nutrition. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between employment status and parenting practices of Tanzanian mothers and MMF of their children. After adjusting for confounders, informal maternal employment [OR = 0.58], lack of financial autonomy [OR = 0.57] and bringing the child with them when working away from home [OR = 0.59] were negatively associated with meeting MMF. Payment in cash [OR = 1.89], carrying food for the child [OR = 1.34] and leaving food at home for the child [OR = 2.52] were positively associated with meeting MMF. Informal maternal employment was found to be negatively associated with meeting MMF among Tanzanian children. However, behaviors such as bringing or leaving prepared food, fiscal autonomy and payment in cash showed significant positive associations. These findings could help direct future programs to reduce child stunting.
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Thobias, Irmawati Apriany, and Kusharisupeni Djokosujono. "KERAGAMAN MAKAN MINIMUM SEBAGAI FAKTOR DOMINAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-23 BULAN DI KABUPATEN KUPANG." JURNAL KESMAS DAN GIZI (JKG) 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jkg.v3i2.592.
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Background: Stunting in children is one of the things that most significantly hinders human development, which globally affects around 162 million children under 5 years (WHO, 2017). Kupang Regency is one of the contributors to the stunting rate with a prevalence of 46.2% in 2013 and increasing in 2019 to 50.3% (SSGBI, 2019).
Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors most associated with the incidence of stunting in children 6 -23 months in Kupang Regency.
Methods: This study used secondary data from the results of the 2019 YASATU NGO survey with the simple random sampling method, with a sample of 166 children aged 6-23 months. The variables analyzed consisted of the dependent variable stunting, the independent variables: maternal age and education, age and sex of the child, breastfeeding status, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, and minimum acceptable diet.
Results: The bivariate analysis showed that there hadn’t a relationship between maternal age, maternal education, child age, child sex, breasfeeding status on the incidence of stunting. Meanwhile, there was a significant relationship between minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum acceptable diet (MAD) on the incidence of stunting. The final result of multivariate analysis showed that minimum dietary diversity had the greatest Odds Ratio (OR=12,341; CI 95%=3,118-48,841). It was controlled by breastfeeding status, minimum meal frequency and minimum accpetable diet.
Conclusion: Minimum dietary diversity is a dominant factor of stunting in children aged 6-23 months in Kupang Regency. Children who did not meet MDD have 12,3 times higher risk of stunting than those who meet MDD.
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Macharia, T. N., S. Ochola, M. K. Mutua, and E. W. Kimani-Murage. "Association between household food security and infant feeding practices in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174417001064.
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Studies in urban informal settlements show widespread inappropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and high rates of food insecurity. This study assessed the association between household food security and IYCF practices in two urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted a longitudinal design that involved a census sample of 1110 children less than 12 months of age and their mothers aged between 12 and 49 years. A questionnaire was used to collect information on: IYCF practices and household food security. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between food insecurity and IYFC practices. The findings showed high household food insecurity; only 19.5% of the households were food secure based on Household Insecurity Access Score. Infant feeding practices were inappropriate: 76% attained minimum meal frequency; 41% of the children attained a minimum dietary diversity; and 27% attained minimum acceptable diet. With the exception of the minimum meal frequency, infants living in food secure households were significantly more likely to achieve appropriate infant feeding practices than those in food insecure households: minimum meal frequency (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.26,P=0.530); minimum dietary diversity (AOR=1.84,P=0.046) and minimum acceptable diet (AOR=2.35,P=0.008). The study adds to the existing body of knowledge by demonstrating an association between household food security and infant feeding practices in low-income settings. The findings imply that interventions aimed at improving infant feeding practices and ultimately nutritional status need to also focus on improving household food security.
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Ng, Charmaine S., Michael J. Dibley, and Kingsley E. Agho. "Complementary feeding indicators and determinants of poor feeding practices in Indonesia: a secondary analysis of 2007 Demographic and Health Survey data." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 5 (October 11, 2011): 827–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002485.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess complementary feeding practices and identify the potential risk factors associated with inappropriate complementary feeding in Indonesia for a nationally representative sample of births from 2004 to 2007.DesignThe data source for the analysis was the 2007 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression was performed to analyse the factors associated with complementary feeding, using individual-, household- and community-level determinants.SettingIndonesia.SubjectsChildren (n 4604) aged 6–23 months.ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed that infants from poor households were significantly less likely to be introduced to complementary feeding (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 4·32; 95 % CI 1·46, 12·80) and meet the minimum dietary diversity (AOR = 1·76; 95 % CI 1·16, 2·68). Mother's education (AOR for no education in dietary diversity = 1·92; 95 % CI 1·09, 3·38; AOR for no education in meal frequency = 2·03; 95 % CI 1·13, 3·64; AOR for no education in acceptable diet = 3·84; 95 % CI 2·07, 7·12), residence and decreased age of the infant were negatively associated with minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and an acceptable diet. Infants aged 6–11 months were also significantly less likely to meet minimum dietary diversity (AOR = 6·36; 95 % CI 4·73, 8·56), minimum meal frequency (AOR = 2·30; 95 % CI 1·79, 2·96) and minimum acceptable diet (AOR = 2·27; 95 % CI 1·67, 3·09). All geographical regions compared with Sumatra were more likely to give the recommended meal frequency and an acceptable diet to breast-fed children.ConclusionsPublic health interventions to improve complementary feeding should address individual-, household- and community-level factors which significantly influence the introduction of complementary feeding. Complementary feeding intervention programmes in Indonesia should ensure that restraints on families with low socio-economic status are addressed. Infants aged 6–11 months and mothers with low education levels may also need special focus. Promotion strategies should also target the health-care delivery system and the media.
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Kemboi, Sharon, Dorothy Mungiria-Mituki, Rose Ramkat, Celine Termote, Namukolo Covic, and Maureen Jepkorir Cheserek. "Variation in the Factors Associated With Diet Quality of Children Aged 6 to 23 Months in Low and High Agroecological Zones of Rongai Subcounty, Kenya." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 2 (June 2020): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120912875.
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Background: Adequate quality complementary diets and appropriate feeding practices are important for proper growth and development of young children. Objective: To assess factors associated with diet diversity, meal frequency, and acceptable diet of children aged 6 to 23 months in two agroecological zones of Rongai subcounty, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 mothers/caregivers with children aged 6 to 23 months. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic characteristics and child feeding practices. Diet diversity, meal frequency, and acceptable diet were derived from a 24-hour recall of child’s food intake. Factors associated with diet quality were determined using binary logistic regression. Results: Mean child diet diversity score was 3.54 ± 1.0 of 7 food groups, with 56.8% of the children achieving minimum dietary diversity. A majority of the children (81.8%) received minimum meal frequency (MMF), with significant ( P < .05) difference between low (91.1%) and high (75.2%) agricultural potential areas. Children who received minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were only 34.1%. Mother/caregiver education level positively ( P < .05) associated with minimum diet diversity in low potential area (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.47-9.75) and with MAD in high potential area (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.01-3.46). Other factors associated with MDD, MMF, and MAD included household income and slow feeding in low potential area, and child gender and active feeding in high potential area. Conclusion: There is a variation in factors associated with diet quality and child feeding practices in different agroecological zones. Therefore, nutrition education and behavior change communication interventions aimed at improving child nutrition should be context-specific.
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Morseth, Marianne S., Liv Elin Torheim, Mekdes K. Gebremariam, Ram K. Chandyo, Manjeswori Ulak, Sanjaya K. Shrestha, Binob Shrestha, and Sigrun Henjum. "Tracking of infant and young child feeding practices among 9- to 24-month-old children in Nepal: the MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 2 (October 17, 2017): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017002294.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and the tracking of dietary diversity score (DDS), intakes of Fe- and vitamin A-rich foods and meal frequency in a peri-urban area in Nepal. Furthermore, to explore whether sociodemographic factors were associated with tracking patterns of these IYCF practices.DesignLongitudinal study. Monthly food intake was measured by 24 h recall. Four time slots were used (9–12, 13–16, 17–20 and 21–24 months). Tracking of IYCF practices was investigated using generalized estimating equations (GEE) models and Cohen’s weighted kappa. Multinominal logistic regression was used to identify determinants for tracking of the IYCF practices.SettingBhaktapur municipality, Nepal.SubjectsChildren (n 229) aged 9–24 months, randomly selected.ResultsPrevalence of minimum meal frequency was higher than for minimum dietary diversity at all time slots. Tracking based on absolute measures (GEE models) was moderate for DDS (0·48) and meal frequency (0·53), and low for intakes of Fe- (0·23) and vitamin A-rich (0·35) foods. Tracking based on rank measured was moderate for DDS and meal frequency, and fair for Fe- and vitamin A-rich foods. Low socio-economic status significantly increased the odds (OR; 95 % CI) of tracking of low v. high DDS (3·31; 1·44, 7·60) and meal frequency (3·46; 1·54, 7·76).ConclusionsLow tracking for intakes of Fe- and vitamin A-rich foods implies that interventions to improve these IYCF practices must address underlying causes for irregular intake to have sustainable effects.
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Mulenga, Haswel, AM Mwangwela, J. Kampanje-Phiri, and B. Mtimuni. "Influence of gendered roles on legume utilization and improved child dietary intake in Malawi." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 03 (May 5, 2021): 17764–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.98.18205.
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The relationship between gender roles, legume production, utilization and child feeding practices in rural smallholder households of Dedza and Ntcheu districts in Malawi was investigated and analyzed. A cross-sectional research study was conducted with legume farming households with children aged 6-23 months who were part of the Africa RISING ‘mother trial’ or ‘baby trials’ for two farming seasons (2014/2015 to 2015/2016). Africa RISING project encourages smallholder farmers to grow legumes namely,groundnut (Arachis hypogaea),cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)and soya bean (Glycin max) as one way of improving the wellbeing of smallholder farmers. The key objective of the research was to assess the influence of gender roles,legume production, utilization and infant and young child dietary intake.In total, 291 households with children 6-23 months were targeted. Eight focus group discussions (FDGs) for in-depth qualitative data were conducted. Two 24-hour dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires were used to collect data on infant and young child feeding (IYCF)practices. Data collected were extracted, arranged, recorded and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. About 18% of children aged 6-23 months received a minimum dietary diversity(the consumption of four or more food groups from the seven food groups), 2.5% received a minimum acceptable diet(indicator measures both the minimum feeding frequency and minimum dietary diversity, as appropriate for various age groups)and 37.5% of children received a minimum meal frequency(frequency of receiving solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at the minimum numbers of two and three times for children aged 6–8 months, and 9–23 months,respectively). Control on use of income by women had a positive and significant association with minimum dietary diversity (P<0.05), minimum meal frequency (P<0.05) and minimum acceptable diets (P<0.05) among children of both sexes. Children aged 6-23 months from households where women were actively involved in partial processing and budgeting of legumes met minimum dietary diversity than children from non-participating households. Women farmers were more knowledgeable about legumes; played an important role in seed selection, storage and processing; however, the findings signal an opportunity to increase women’s income by involving them in market information. Increasing legume production at household level does not mean increasing the nutritional status among children (6-23 months). Several factors related to gender roles, markets accessibility and legume utilization have an effect on infantand young child feeding practices.
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Solanki, Kinjal H., Malangori A. Parande, Nandkumar M. Salunke, Kiran Sangwan, and Muralidhar P. Tambe. "Association of minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency with anthropometric parameters among children of 6 to 23 months of age attending immunization clinic of a tertiary care hospitals." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214990.
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Background: The age of 6–23 months is the golden period in the first 1000 days of life. Insufficient quantities, frequencies, and inadequate quality of complementary feedings have a negative effect on child health and growth, especially in the first two years of life.Methods: A hospital based descriptive type of observational study was carried out in the immunization clinic. The source population were the mothers who had children in age group of 6-23 months brought to the clinic in the month of January 2021 comprise the “target population”. The sample size of 102 was calculated with 80% of power, confidence level of 95% and considering prevalence of MDD as 15.2%. Purposive sampling technique was employed for selection of study sample. Proportion of Minimum Meal Diversity and Minimum Meal Frequency was calculated and their association was assessed with anthropometric characteristics.Results: Proportion of MDD was found to be 72.5% (Figure 1) whereas Proportion of MMF was found to be 87.3 %. The proportion of MDD was significantly high among the children who had minimum meal frequency. MDD and MMF were protective against the acute malnutrition among the children.Conclusions: This study shows that consumption of a diverse diet and MMF is associated with a reduction in undernutrition among children of 6 to 23 months of age. Measures to improve the type of complementary foods given to children to meet their needs for energy and nutrients should be considered.
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Abebe, Haile, and Belay Assefa. "Determinants and Current Level of Optimal Complementary Feeding Practices among Lactating Mothers of Children in Ambo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia." Food Processing & Nutritional Science 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/fpns.2020.1-1004.
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An appropriate diet is critical in the growth and development of children especially in the first two years of life. Poor complementary feeding of children aged 6 months - 23 months contributes to the characteristics negative growth trends and deaths observed in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess determinants and current level of optimal complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged 6 months to 23 months in Ambo town, Oromia Region. The study used cross sectional study design and targeted 336 mothers with children 6 months - 23 months olds. Information from the respondents were collected using standard questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0 windows statistical software. All (100%) the children 6 months - 8 months old had received solid, semi-solid/soft foods. The minimum meal frequency was attained by 88.3% (95% CI 84.3-91.4) whereas the minimum dietary diversity was attained by 17.9% (95% CI 14.1-22.5). The minimum acceptable diet was attained by 15.4% (95% CI 11.9-19.8). Maternal knowledge on: importance of breastfeeding (87.3%); age of introduction of complementary foods (85.4%) and correct meal frequency for age (74.5%) was high. On the contrary, knowledge on the importance of enriching complementary foods (34.5%) was low. Mothers who knew the importance of a diverse diet were likely (chi-square test; p=0.001) to feed their children on a diverse diet. On the other hand, mothers who knew the importance of enriching complementary foods were likely to feed their children on a minimum acceptable diet (chi-square test; p = 0.007) and maternal knowledge on enriching complementary foods (OR = 3.41, p = 0.040) were significant predictors of consumption of Vitamin A rich foods, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet, respectively. Behaviour change and communication involving all the stakeholders in infant and young child feeding should be emphasized. Messages on appropriate feeding practices should include importance of dietary diversity
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Onyango, Adelheid W., Elaine Borghi, Mercedes de Onis, Ma del Carmen Casanovas, and Cutberto Garza. "Complementary feeding and attained linear growth among 6–23-month-old children." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 9 (September 19, 2013): 1975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013002401.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between complementary feeding indicators and attained linear growth at 6–23 months.DesignSecondary analysis of Phase V Demographic and Health Surveys data (2003–2008). Country-specific ANOVA models were used to estimate effects of three complementary feeding indicators (minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity and minimum adequate diet) on length-for-age, adjusted for covariates and interactions of interest.SettingTwenty-one countries (four Asian, twelve African, four from the Americas and one European).SubjectsSample sizes ranging from 608 to 13 676.ResultsLess than half the countries met minimum meal frequency and minimum dietary diversity, and only Peru had a majority of the sample receiving a minimum adequate diet. Minimum dietary diversity was the indicator most consistently associated with attained length, having significant positive effect estimates (ranging from 0·16 to 1·40 for length-for-age Z-score) in twelve out of twenty-one countries. Length-for-age declined with age in all countries, and the greatest declines in its Z-score were seen in countries (Niger, −1·9; Mali, −1·6; Democratic Republic of Congo, −1·4; Ethiopia, −1·3) where dietary diversity was persistently low or increased very little with age.ConclusionsThere is growing recognition that poor complementary feeding contributes to the characteristic negative growth trends observed in developing countries and therefore needs focused attention and its own tailored interventions. Dietary diversity has the potential to improve linear growth. Using four food groups to define minimum dietary diversity appears to capture enough information in a simplified, standard format for multi-country comparisons of the quality of complementary diets.
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Na, Muzi, Larissa Jennings, Sameera A. Talegawkar, and Saifuddin Ahmed. "Association between women’s empowerment and infant and child feeding practices in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 17 (September 8, 2015): 3155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002621.
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AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between women’s empowerment and WHO recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignAnalysis was conducted using data from ten Demographic and Health Surveys between 2010 and 2013. Women’s empowerment was assessed by nine standard items covering three dimensions: economic, socio-familial and legal empowerment. Three core IYCF practices examined were minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were applied for the IYCF practices on dimensional and overall empowerment in each country.SettingBenin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zimbabwe.SubjectsYoungest singleton children aged 6–23 months and their mothers (n 15 153).ResultsLess than 35 %, 60 % and 18 % of children 6–23 months of age met the criterion of minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet, respectively. In general, likelihood of meeting the recommended IYCF criteria was positively associated with the economic dimension of women’s empowerment. Socio-familial empowerment was negatively associated with the three feeding criteria, except in Zimbabwe. The legal dimension of empowerment did not show any clear pattern in the associations. Greater overall empowerment of women was consistently and positively associated with multiple IYCF practices in Mali, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. However, consistent negative relationships were found in Benin and Niger. Null or mixed results were observed in the remaining countries.ConclusionsThe importance of women’s empowerment for IYCF practices needs to be discussed by context and by dimension of empowerment.
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Brigid Chebet Kotut. "Morbidity, Health and Nutrition Status of Infants Born to Young Mothers in Transmara West Narok County, Kenya." EDITON CONSORTIUM JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 1, no. 1 (August 10, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjpas.v1i1.239.
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The purpose of this study was to examine Morbidity, health and nutrition status of infants born to young mothers in Transmara west Narok County, Kenya. Five health facilities were purposively selected in Transmara West Sub County, Narok County by use of analytical cross-sectional study design. A sample size of 246 infants and 246 adolescent mothers were recruited from the health facilities. Quantitative data was analysed using SPPS for windows version 24.0 and ENA for SMART survey 2011. The relationship between nutritional status and other variables was established by use of chi-square test at a significance level of less than 0.05. Most of the mothers were between 16 to 17 years with the youngest mother being 14 years old. Malnutrition levels were 17.1 per cent 22.0% and 22.0 per cent for wasting, stunting and underweight respectively. Meal frequency, exclusive breastfeeding and infant illness two weeks before the study were significant (p<0.05) factors associated with malnutrition. The study concluded that the most prevalent illnesses were malaria and common cold. Educational level of the mother did not influence infants’ the nutritional status. The study recommended that Infant feeding practices showed a positive significant relationship with nutritional status (underweight); that is exclusive breastfeeding and meal frequency. Infants who attained the minimum meal frequency and those who achieved the minimum acceptable diet were less likely to be underweight.
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Kunhipurayil, Kavita, and Manissha Srivastav. "Determinants of minimum acceptable diet among young children in an urban slum: a community-based study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210214.
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Background: Child health and growth deteriorate as a result of inadequate quantities and frequencies of complementary feeding.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban field practice area of a tertiary medical college hospital among 280 children by systematic random sampling method. Children belonging to 12-23 months were included while sick child, children whose mother/guardian did not give consent were excluded.Results: The proportion of children who met the minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum meal frequency (MMF) were 52.8 % (95% CI) and 52% (95% CI), respectively. Out of 280 children, 90 i.e. (32.1 %) children had achieved the recommended Minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Maternal education (Chi square value=11.2; CI 95%); socioeconomic status (Chi square value=57.4; CI 95%) were positively associated with dietary diversity. Higher percentage of male children (44.8 %) achieved minimum acceptable diet as compared to female children (20.5%); (chi square value=18.8, CI 95%). The percentage of children receiving MDD and MMF was more among children of higher socioeconomic class (p value 0.0001) and from nuclear family (p value=0.45). The birth order of the child was inversely related to the attainment of MAD. (p value=0.0001).Conclusions: Results of the study strongly suggest that poor dietary diversity and meal frequency is associated with numerous factors and their interplay is a multitude of combinations rather than a single cause.
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Zea, María del Pilar, and Oscar F. Herrán. "Meal Pattern in the Colombian Population: Results of the National Nutrition Survey. ENSIN, 2015." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2022 (August 25, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1047524.
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Background. Information on meal patterns (type, number, relative contribution to energy/day (%), time, and location of meals) is limited or nonexistent. Design. Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys. Setting. Colombia. Participants. n = 26,115 from 3 to 64 years old. The sample analyzed included 3,127 children between 3 and 4 years old, 13,384 children between 5 and 17 years old, and 9,604 adults between 18 and 64 years old. Data Analysis. Meal patterns were described by age group. Through multiple linear regression, crude and adjusted differences in the categories of the covariates studied were estimated. The number/day of meals was the dependent variable. Results. The number of meals/day (mean ± SD) was 4.4 ± 0.0, without differences by sex P = 0.068 , current weight P = 0.336 , or wealth index P = 0.480 , but there were differences in the level of education of the head of the household P < 0.0001 and the level of food security of the household P < 0.0001 . A total of 96.8% of the population eats 3 or more meals/day (95% CI: 96.2, 97.2). The consumption frequency (mean ± SD) of the three main meals was 0.95 ± 0.0 “times/day,” 1.0 ± 0.0 and 0.95 ± 0.0, for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively. Lunch is the meal that makes the greatest relative contribution to the total energy consumed (energy/day), 33.9% (95% CI: 32.7, 35.1). Breakfast is eaten outside the home by 13.0% of the subjects, lunch by 26.0%, and dinner by 3.8%. The minimum fasting interval is 9 hours and the maximum is 10 hours and 30 minutes. The meal pattern is equivalent to type “A,” with three main meals and two or three intermediate meals (midmorning and midafternoon) taken during 15 hours of the day. Conclusions. All age groups had more than four meals/day. The number is directly related to socioeconomic level. Lunch is the main meal.
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Sutton, J. D., I. C. Hart, W. H. Brosters, Rosemary J. Elliott, and E. Schuller. "Feeding frequency for lactating cows: effects on rumen fermentation and blood metabolites and hormones." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 1 (July 1986): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860098.
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1. The present paper reports the effects on rumen fermentation and plasma metabolites and hormones of giving fixed rations of hay and high-cereal concentrates at different meal frequencies to lactating cows. In Expt 1 the total ration was given in two and twenty-four meals daily and in Expts 2–4 the concentrates were given in two and five or six meals and the hay in two meals daily. The diets contained 600–920 g concentrates/kg.2. In Expt I, minimum rumen pH was higher but mean pH was lower when cows were given their ration in twenty-four meals/d rather than two meals/d.3. In all the experiments, the effects of increased meal frequency on the molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) were small and not significant, although there was a general tendency for the proportion of acetic acid to increase and that of propionic acid to fall. Increasing the proportion of concentrates in the diet reduced the proportion of acetic acid and increased the proportions of propionic and n-valeric acids.4. In Expt 3, more frequent feeding was found to reduce the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood, but changes in other metabolites were small and not significant. Increasing the proportion of concentrates in the diet reduced the concentrations of acetic acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid and increased the concentrations of propionic acid and glucose.5. The mean daily concentration of insulin in the blood was reduced by more frequent feeding of the higher-concentrate diet but not of the lower-concentrate diet. The concentration of glucagon also tended to fall with more frequent feeding. Increasing the proportion of concentrates in the diet increased the concentration of insulin.6. More frequent feeding reduced the depression in milk-fat concentration caused by feeding the low-roughage diets. About three-quarters of the variation in milk-fat concentration could be related to changes in rumen VFA proportions, but the relations for the two meal frequencies had different intercepts although similar curves. The results suggest that milk-fat depression on low-roughage diets with twice-daily feeding was due to a change in rumen VFA proportions accompanied by elevated plasma insulin concentrations. The improvement in milk-fat concentration due to more frequent feeding could be explained partly by the small change in rumen VFA proportions and partly by a reduction in mean plasma insulin concentrations, but these mechanisms did not fully account for the milk-fat responses observed.
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Flax, Valerie, Abiodun Ipadeola, Courtney Schnefke, Sarah Kwasu, Abdulrahaman Mikail, Sujata Bose, Alice Brower, and Susan Edwards. "A Complementary Feeding Intervention for Fathers and Mothers in Northern Nigeria Improves Children's Minimum Meal Frequency and Consumption of Eggs and Fish." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_023.
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Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to measure the effects of a social behavior change communication (SBCC) intervention on fathers’ and mothers’ complementary feeding knowledge and attitudes, fathers’ support for complementary feeding, and children's dietary diversity and meal frequency. Methods This study used cross-sectional surveys of cohabiting fathers and mothers with a child 6–23 months before (N = 497) and after (N = 495) the intervention in Igabi local government area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Participants were randomly sampled within 99 clusters selected proportional to population size. Regression models weighted for the survey design, including inverse propensity weights to adjust for differences in sociodemographic characteristics of the cross-sections, were used to assess before/after differences. Alive & Thrive's 12-month intervention engaged fathers through community meetings, religious services, and mobile phone text and voice messages. Mothers received home visits from community health extension workers (CHEWs), which fathers also could attend. SBCC materials included TV and radio messages, sermon guides, counseling cards, pamphlets, posters, and feeding bowls. Results Exposure of fathers to CHEW visits, fathers and mothers to mass media messages, and fathers to text/voice messages increased from baseline to endline. Fathers’ and mothers’ knowledge of the timing of introduction of different foods and meal frequency shifted toward the global recommendations. Fathers’ support for child feeding by providing money for food increased (79% to 90%, P < 0.001). The percentage of children with minimum dietary diversity did not change (62% to 65%, P = 0.358). The percentage of children who consumed fish (36% to 44%, P = 0.012) and eggs (8% to 20%, P = 0.004), had minimum meal frequency (58% to 73%, P < 0.001), and had minimum acceptable diet (40% to 52%, P < 0.001) increased from baseline to endline. Conclusions A multipronged SBCC intervention improved fathers’ and mothers’ knowledge of complementary feeding, increased fathers’ support for complementary feeding, and modified some complementary feeding practices. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Alive & Thrive initiative, managed by FHI Solutions, and currently funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Irish Aid, the Tanoto Foundation, UNICEF, and the World Bank.
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Gessese, Dessalew, Habte Bolka, Amanuel Alemu Abajobir, and Desalegn Tegabu. "The practice of complementary feeding and associated factors among mothers of children 6-23 months of age in Enemay district, Northwest Ethiopia." Nutrition & Food Science 44, no. 3 (May 6, 2014): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2013-0079.
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Purpose – The aim of this study was to assess complementary feeding practice and identify factors associated with it among mothers of children 6-23 months of age in Enemay district, Northwest Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach – A community-based cross-sectional study design with a multi-stage sampling technique was undertaken from March to April 2013. Pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to collect the data. Epi data were used for data entry and cleaning and SPSS for descriptive and logistic regression analysis. Findings – Timely complementary feeding, minimum acceptable meal frequency and minimum dietary diversity were 56.4, 60.6 and 8.5 percent among the respondents, respectively. The practice of optimal complementary feeding was 40.5 percent. Occupation, knowledge of complementary feeding and family income of the mother, and maternal healthcare services utilization were associated with optimal complementary feeding practice (OCFP). Originality/value – The proportion of mothers who practiced timely complementary feeding, acceptable meal frequency and dietary diversity, and the overall OCFP were found to be low. Therefore, maternal healthcare services utilization and health information dissemination should be strengthened to all expectant mothers. Type of paper: Original research.
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Tate, Allan, Amanda Trofholz, Michael Miner, and Jerica Berge. "Days Needed to Characterize the Healthfulness of a Typical Dinner Meal in Direct Observational Research: Mixed Methods Study." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 4, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): e22541. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22541.
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Background Prior research around the home meal environment has demonstrated that family meals are associated with positive health outcomes for children and adolescents. Researchers have begun using direct observational methods to understand key aspects of family meals such as meal healthfulness and family meal frequency to explain the protective nature of family meals. Direct observational research, however, can be resource intensive and also burdensome for participants. Information about the number of days needed to sufficiently characterize typical meal healthfulness using direct observational research methods is needed. Objective The current study aimed to produce guidance about the number of meals necessary to approximate typical meal healthfulness at the family dinner meal occasion in a direct observational, mixed methods study of the home food environment. Methods Families were recruited between 2012-2013 from primary care clinics in the Minneapolis–St Paul metropolitan area (N=120). A total of 800 meals were collected as part of the Family Meals LIVE! mixed methods study. The Healthfulness of Meal Index was used to evaluate meal dietary healthfulness of foods served at 8 family meal occasions. Participating families were provided an iPad (Apple Inc) and asked to video-record 8 consecutive days of family dinner meals with a minimum of two weekend meals. After the meal, families completed a meal screener, which is a self-reported, open-ended measure of the foods served at the meal. Results Weekend and weekday meals differed in their measurement of meal healthfulness, indicating that at least one weekday and one weekend day are necessary to approximate meal healthfulness. Single-day measurement mischaracterized the strength of the relationship between the quality of what was served and intake by almost 50%, and 3 to 4 observation days were sufficient to characterize typical weekly meal healthfulness (r=0.94; P<.001). Conclusions Relatively few direct observational days of family meals data appear to be needed to approximate the healthfulness of meals across 1 week. Specifically, 1 weekday and 1 weekend observation are needed, including a total of 3 to 4 days of direct observational meal data. These findings may inform future direct observational study designs to reduce both research costs and participant burden in assessing features of the meal environment.
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Chakraborty, Nabanita, and Gautam Kumar Joardar. "A study on infant and young child feeding practices among mothers attending the immunisation clinic of a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 4827. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204980.
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Background: Age appropriate feeding practices is an essential determinant of physical growth as well as mental health of under-five children. WHO and UNICEF have formulated the infant and young child feeding practices guidelines to enhance appropriate feeding practices in infants and young children.Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in the immunization clinic of KPC medical college and hospital from October to December 2018 among children in 0-23 months age group. The mothers were interviewed regarding their sociodemographic details as well as the IYCF practices as per WHO.Results: It was found that appropriate practices in terms of prelacteal feeding, colostrum feeding; early initiation of breast feeding and exclusive breast feeding was present in 78.4%, 80%, 77.5% and 50% children respectively. Timely initiation of complementary feeding was found in 81%, breast feeding was continued upto 1 year in 68.8% and consumption of iron rich or iron fortified food was found in 54.5% children. Appropriate practices in terms of minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity and minimum appropriate diet were found in 49.7%, 27% and 32.3% children respectively. Sex wise distributions have found significant association with minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet. Age wise distribution revealed significant association with minimum dietary frequency, minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet (p<0.005).Conclusions: Thus infant and young child feeding practices were not satisfactory. Mothers should be made aware about the appropriate feeding practices and health education should be given regarding correct child feeding practices.
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Allotey, Diana, Valerie Flax, Abiodun Ipadeola, Sarah Kwasu, Linda Adair, Carmina Valle, Sujata Bose, and Stephanie Martin. "Fathers’ Complementary Feeding Support Moderates the Association Between Mothers’ Autonomous Household Decision-Making and Optimal Complementary Feeding." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.003.
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Abstract Objectives The evidence base on the role of maternal decision-making autonomy in optimal complementary feeding practices is not consistent, leaving questions about moderation by social support. The objective of this research is to examine the moderation effect of fathers’ complementary feeding support on the association of maternal decision-making autonomy with complementary feeding indicators. Methods We used logistic regression interaction models to examine whether complementary feeding support was a moderator of the association between decision-making autonomy and complementary feeding using data from endline (cross-sectional) surveys administered to 495 cohabiting mothers and fathers of children aged 6–23 months in Igabi local government area (LGA), Kaduna State, Nigeria. The 12-month Alive & Thrive intervention engaged fathers through complementary feeding messages from religious and community leaders, text, and voice messages. Mothers received home visits and feeding bowls from community health extension workers (CHEWs). The intervention also included mass media messaging on radio and TV. Results Maternal decision-making autonomy was associated with minimum dietary diversity (AOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.32), minimum meal frequency (AOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11, 1.53), minimum acceptable diet (AOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.09, 1.41) and feeding children fish (AOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08, 1.40). Complementary feeding support was associated with minimum dietary diversity (AOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.08, 1.75), minimum meal frequency (AOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05, 1.70), minimum acceptable diet (AOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.14, 1.73), feeding eggs (AOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.16, 1.90) and feeding fish (AOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.60). In the interaction models, the simple slopes for decision-making were significant for most of the complementary feeding indicators when fathers offered > 2 types of support. Conclusions Within the context of Kaduna, high levels of fathers’ complementary feeding support strengthen the association of maternal decision-making autonomy with complementary feeding practices. Funding Sources This research was funded by The Alive & Thrive initiative, managed by FHI Solutions, and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Irish Aid, and other donors.
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Dhami, Mansi, Felix Ogbo, Thierno Diallo, Bolajoko Olusanya, Piwuna Goson, and Kingsley Agho. "Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Adolescent Mothers and Associated Factors in India." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072376.
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Adequate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) improve child survival and growth. Globally, about 18 million babies are born to mothers aged 18 years or less and have a higher likelihood of adverse birth outcomes in India due to insufficient knowledge of child growth. This paper examined factors associated with IYCF practices among adolescent Indian mothers. This cross-sectional study extracted data on 5148 children aged 0–23 months from the 2015–2016 India National Family Health Survey. Survey logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with IYCF among adolescent mothers. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, timely introduction of complementary feeding, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, and minimum acceptable diet rates were: 58.7%, 43.8%, 43.3%, 16.6%, 27.4% and 6.8%, respectively. Maternal education, mode of delivery, frequency of antenatal care (ANC) clinic visits, geographical region, child’s age, and household wealth were the main factors associated with breastfeeding practices while maternal education, maternal marital status, child’s age, frequency of ANC clinic visits, geographical region, and household wealth were factors associated with complementary feeding practices. IYCF practices among adolescent mothers are suboptimal except for breastfeeding. Health and nutritional support interventions should address the factors for these indicators among adolescent mothers in India.
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Gatica-Domínguez, Giovanna, Paulo A. R. Neves, Aluísio J. D. Barros, and Cesar G. Victora. "Complementary Feeding Practices in 80 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Prevalence of and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Dietary Diversity, Meal Frequency, and Dietary Adequacy." Journal of Nutrition 151, no. 7 (April 13, 2021): 1956–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab088.
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ABSTRACT Background Adequate complementary feeding practices in early childhood contribute to better food preferences and health outcomes throughout the life course. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe patterns and socioeconomic inequalities in complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 mo in 80 low- and middle-income countries. Methods We analyzed national surveys carried out since 2010. Complementary feeding indicators for children aged 6–23 mo included minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Between- and within-country inequalities were documented using relative (wealth deciles), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and absolute (estimated household income) socioeconomic indicators. Statistical analyses included calculation of the slope index of inequality, Pearson correlation and linear regression, and scatter diagrams. Results Only 21.3%, 56.2%, and 10.1% of the 80 countries showed prevalence levels >50% for MDD, MMF, and MAD, respectively. Western & Central Africa showed the lowest prevalence for all indicators, whereas the highest for MDD and MAD was Latin America & Caribbean, and for MMF it was East Asia & the Pacific. Log GDP per capita was positively associated with MDD (R2 = 48.5%), MMF (28.2%), and MAD (41.4%). Pro-rich within-country inequalities were observed in most countries for the 3 indicators; pro-poor inequalities were observed in 2 countries for MMF, and in none for the other 2 indicators. Breast milk was the only type of food with a pro-poor distribution, whereas animal-source foods (dairy products, flesh foods, and eggs) showed the most pronounced pro-rich inequality. Dietary diversity improved sharply when absolute annual household incomes exceeded ∼US$20,000. All 3 dietary indicators improved by age and no consistent differences were observed between boys and girls. Conclusions Monitoring complementary feeding indicators across the world and implementing policies and programs to reduce wealth-related inequalities are essential to achieve optimal child nutrition.
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Storey, Kate E., Laura E. Forbes, Shawn N. Fraser, John C. Spence, Ronald C. Plotnikoff, Kim D. Raine, Rhona M. Hanning, and Linda J. McCargar. "Diet quality, nutrition and physical activity among adolescents: the Web-SPAN (Web-Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition) project." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 11 (June 23, 2009): 2009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009990292.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the overall diet quality of a sample of adolescents living in Alberta, Canada, and evaluate whether diet quality, nutrient intakes, meal behaviours (i.e. meal skipping and consuming meals away from home) and physical activity are related.DesignA cross-sectional study design. Students completed the self-administered Web-Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition (Web-SPAN). Students were classified as having poor, average or superior diet quality based on Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFGHE).SettingOne hundred and thirty-six schools (37 %) within forty-four public and private school boards (75 %) in Alberta, Canada.SubjectsGrade 7 to 10 Alberta students (n4936) participated in the school-based research.ResultsOn average, students met macronutrient requirements; however, micronutrient and fibre intakes were suboptimal. Median CFGHE food group intakes were below recommendations. Those with poor diet quality (42 %) had lower intakes of protein, fibre and low-calorie beverages; higher intakes of carbohydrates, fat and Other Foods (e.g. foods containing mostly sugar, high-salt/fat foods, high-calorie beverages, low-calorie beverages and high-sugar/fat foods); a lower frequency of consuming breakfast and a higher frequency of consuming meals away from home; and a lower level of physical activity when compared with students with either average or superior diet quality.ConclusionsAlberta adolescents were not meeting minimum CFGHE recommendations, and thus had suboptimal intakes and poor diet quality. Suboptimal nutritional intakes, meal behaviours and physical inactivity were all related to poor diet quality and reflect the need to target these health behaviours in order to improve diet quality and overall health and wellness.
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Sununtnasuk, Celeste, Hanna Berhane, Sunny Kim, Purnima Menon, Abdulaziz Oumer, Tina Sanghvi, and Tamirat Walissa. "School-Based Nutrition Interventions Had Impacts on Dietary Diversity and Meal Frequency of Adolescent Girls in Ethiopia." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.065.
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Abstract Objectives Adolescence is a critical period of physical and psychological development, especially for girls as poor nutrition can affect their well-being as well as the well-being of their children. In Ethiopia, where the population is very young, evidence on the nutrition of adolescent girls and their determinants is scant. We tested the impact of a package of nutrition interventions delivered primarily through schools and implemented by Alive & Thrive (A&T) on the diet of adolescent girls. Methods A cluster-randomized trial design compared 27 primary school clusters in A&T areas to 27 clusters in non-A&T areas in the SNNP and Somali regions. We surveyed adolescent girls (n = 536) aged 10–14 years and enrolled in primary school grades 4–8, following at least one school semester (approximately 4 months) of implementation in March-April 2021. Using linear regression models, we tested for differences between program groups on dietary diversity, meal frequency, and consumption of unhealthy foods. In adjusted models, we controlled for age, household food security and wealth, and region. Results We observed significant impacts on dietary diversity score (1.4 food groups) and minimum dietary diversity (OR: 5.2). Among the food groups, there was significantly higher consumption of 5 groups in A&T areas: pulses, meats, eggs, vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables, and other fruits. There was also a significant impact on meal frequency of 0.9 meals/snacks in the previous 24 hours, with girls in A&T areas consuming 4.0 meals/snacks out of 6 eating times compared to 3.2 in control areas. There was no significant impact on consumption sweets, baked sweets, sweetened beverages, and fried and salty foods among girls, but there was lower consumption of sweets in the previous 24 hours in A&T (14%) versus control areas (23%). Conclusions Integrating nutrition interventions into primary schools in Ethiopia was feasible and achieved a significant impact on girls’ dietary diversity and meal frequency. Reinforcing messages about eating better and more often resulted in incremental behavior change related to dietary diversity and meal frequency; however, telling adolescents not to eat junk foods that they crave or enjoy without changing their food environments may be less successful in curbing consumption. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through A&T, managed by FHI Solutions.
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Hadiyanti, Lisa, and M. Tirtana Siregar. "PENENTUAN FREKUENSI PEMESANAN KOMPONEN LENSA KAMERA MENGGUNAKAN METODE DETERMINISTIK DINAMIS UNTUK MEMINIMALISASI BIAYA PERSEDIAAN PADA PT XACTI INDONESIA." Jurnal Manajemen Industri dan Logistik 2, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.30988/jmil.v2i2.44.
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This study aims to determine the comparison of order determination on camera lens components and the costs incurred between company policies and dynamic deterministic methods. This study uses dynamic deterministic methods, namely Wagner-Whitin Algorithm, Silver Meal, Least Unit Cost, Economic Part Period, Lot For Lot and Least Total Cost to determine the amount of costs incurred by the company each time the order on the camera lens component. Of all these dynamic deterministic methods, the most efficient is the Wagner-Whitin Algorithm method with an order frequency of 10 times the order and the cost incurred is Rp. 34,529,190. The Silver Meal method with the order frequency of 10 times the order and the cost incurred is Rp. 35,390,310. Least Unit Cost method with the order frequency of 10 times the order and the cost incurred is Rp. 35,234,830. The method of the Economic Part Period with an order frequency of 10 times the order and costs incurred in the amount of Rp. 35,390,310. Method Lot For Lot with the order frequency of 12 times the order and the cost incurred is Rp. 36,720,396. And the Least Total Cost with the order frequency of 10 times the order and the cost incurred is Rp. 35,390,310. In company policy, 12 orders are made at a cost of Rp. 36,720,396. So that the proposed improvement can be given is that the company is expected to use the Wagner-Whitin Algorithm method which has a minimum order frequency and cost.
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Wormer, Jill R., Arti Shankar, Michael Boele Van Hensbroek, Ashna D. Hindori-Mohangoo, Hannah Covert, Maureen Y. Lichtveld, and Wilco C. W. R. Zijlmans. "Poor Adherence to the WHO Guidelines on Feeding Practices Increases the Risk for Respiratory Infections in Surinamese Preschool Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 10739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010739.
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Poor feeding practices in infants and young children may lead to malnutrition, which, in turn, is associated with an increased risk of infectious diseases, such as respiratory tract infections (RTIs), a leading cause of under-five mortality. We explored the association between RTIs and the WHO infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators: minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD), among infants and preschool children in Suriname. A validated pediatric food frequency questionnaire was used and data on RTIs, defined as clinical care for fever with respiratory symptoms, bronchitis, or pneumonia were obtained. Associations between feeding indicators and RTIs were explored using hierarchical logistic regression. Of 763 children aged 10–33 months, 51.7% achieved the MDD, 88.5% the MMF, and 46.5% the MAD. Furthermore, 73% of all children experienced at least one upper and/or lower RTI. Children meeting the MDD and MAD had significantly lower odds on RTIs (OR 0.53; 95%CI: 0.37–0.74, p < 0.001; OR 0.55; 95%CI: 0.39–0.78, p < 0.001, respectively). The covariates parity and household income were independently associated with RTIs. In conclusion, MDD and MAD were associated with (upper) RTIs. Whether these indicators can be used as predictors for increased risk for RTIs should be assessed in future prospective studies.
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Werdani, Aprilya Roza, and Diah Mulyawati Utari. "Energy Intake was The Dominant Factor Associated with Wasting among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Pagedangan, Tangerang District." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 16, no. 2 (November 29, 2020): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i2.23427.
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Wasting yang diukur dengan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB merupakan salah satu bentuk malnutrisi yang ditandai dengan penurunan status gizi yang cepat dalam waktu singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan wasting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan pengukuran antropometri dan wawancara kuesioner. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proporsi wasting adalah 17,0%. Dari 153 anak usia 6-23 bulan, 7,8% memiliki berat lahir rendah, 44,4% memiliki riwayat penyakit infeksi, dan 32,0% mengalami deficit energi. Proporsi anak yang tidak mencapai minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet adalah 43,1%, 15,7%, and 52,9%. Analisis multivariat regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa riwayat penyakit infeksi (OR 2,930; 95% CI 1,173-7,323) dan asupan energi tidak adekuat (OR 5,785; 95% CI 1,269-26,382) memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan wasting. Asupan energi tidak adekuat merupakan faktor dominan wasting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang.
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Issaka, Abukari I., Kingsley E. Agho, Penelope Burns, Andrew Page, and Michael J. Dibley. "Determinants of inadequate complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in Ghana." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 4 (May 20, 2014): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000834.
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AbstractObjectiveTo explore complementary feeding practices and identify potential risk factors associated with inadequate complementary feeding practices in Ghana by using the newly developed WHO infant feeding indicators and data from the nationally representative 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey.DesignThe source of data for the analysis was the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Analysis of the factors associated with inadequate complementary feeding, using individual-, household- and community-level determinants, was done by performing multiple logistic regression modelling.SettingGhana.SubjectsChildren (n 822) aged 6–23 months.ResultsThe prevalence of the introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods among infants aged 6–8 months was 72·6 % (95 % CI 64·6 %, 79·3 %). The proportion of children aged 6–23 months who met the minimum meal frequency and dietary diversity for breast-fed and non-breast-fed children was 46·0 % (95 % CI 42·3 %, 49·9 %) and 51·4 % (95 % CI 47·4 %, 55·3 %) respectively and the prevalence of minimum acceptable diet for breast-fed children was 29·9 % (95 % CI 26·1 %, 34·1 %). Multivariate analysis revealed that children from the other administrative regions were less likely to meet minimum dietary diversity, meal frequency and acceptable diet than those from the Volta region. Household poverty, children whose mothers perceived their size to be smaller than average and children who were delivered at home were significantly less likely to meet the minimum dietary diversity requirement; and children whose mothers did not have any postnatal check-ups were significantly less likely to meet the requirement for minimum acceptable diet. Complementary feeding was significantly lower in infants from illiterate mothers (adjusted OR=3·55; 95 % CI 1·05, 12·02).ConclusionsThe prevalence of complementary feeding among children in Ghana is still below the WHO-recommended standard of 90 % coverage. Non-attendance of postnatal check-up by mothers, cultural beliefs and habits, household poverty, home delivery of babies and non-Christian mothers were the most important risk factors for inadequate complementary feeding practices. Therefore, nutrition educational interventions to improve complementary feeding practices should target these factors in order to achieve the fourth Millennium Development Goal.
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Munde, Kshitij K., and Sushma U. Save. "Complementary feeding practices in children aged 6-23 months: An institution-based observational study." Indian Journal of Child Health 8, no. 8 (September 5, 2021): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i8.2976.
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Background: Inappropriate complementary feeding practices in children may lead to adverse consequences ranging from growth failure to mortality. Intervention programs intending to optimize the practices should be based on identification of the lacunae and on the assessment of the magnitude of the problem. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine appropriateness and adequacy of complementary feeding given to children aged 6?23 months. Materials and Methods: Data regarding demographic profile, maternal education, source of information for feeding, and details of complementary feeding provided in the last 24 h were obtained from caregivers, using the standard WHO questionnaire. Chi-square test was used for determining the association between optimal feeding practices and continued breastfeeding, age-group, maternal education, and source of information. Results: The study enrolled 480 children (mean age: 12.9+5.1 month; male: female=1.22:1). 225 children (46.87%) had minimum meal frequency and 66 (13.8%) had minimum dietary diversity, 41 (11.08%) were receiving minimum acceptable diet. Only 103 mothers (21.5%) obtained the information regarding recommended complementary feeding practices from health professionals. There was a significant association between health professional being the source of information and presence of adequate dietary diversity (p<0.01) and minimum acceptable diet (p<0.01). Conclusion: Complimentary feeding practices are inadequate and thus, require an intervention of healthcare providers with better involvement.
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Manikam, Logan, Ankita Prasad, Abina Dharmaratnam, Christy Moen, Alexandra Robinson, Alexander Light, Sonia Ahmed, Raghu Lingam, and Monica Lakhanpaul. "Systematic review of infant and young child complementary feeding practices in South Asian families: the India perspective." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 4 (November 23, 2017): 637–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001700297x.
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AbstractObjectiveSuboptimal nutrition among children remains a problem among South Asian (SA) families. Appropriate complementary feeding (CF) practices can greatly reduce this risk. Thus, we undertook a systematic review of studies assessing CF (timing, dietary diversity, meal frequency and influencing factors) in children aged <2 years in India.DesignSearches between January 2000 and June 2016 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Web of Science, OVID Maternity & Infant Care, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, BanglaJOL, POPLINE and WHO Global Health Library. Eligibility criteria: primary research on CF practices in SA children aged 0–2 years and/or their families. Search terms: ‘children’, ‘feeding’ and ‘Asians’ and derivatives. Two researchers undertook study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal (EPPI-Centre Weight of Evidence).ResultsFrom 45 712 abstracts screened, sixty-four cross-sectional, seven cohort, one qualitative and one case–control studies were included. Despite adopting the WHO Infant and Young Child Feeding guidelines, suboptimal CF practices were found in all studies. In twenty-nine of fifty-nine studies, CF was introduced between 6 and 9 months, with eight studies finding minimum dietary diversity was achieved in 6–33 %, and ten of seventeen studies noting minimum meal frequency in only 25–50 % of the study populations. Influencing factors included cultural influences, poor knowledge on appropriate CF practices and parental educational status.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review to evaluate CF practices in SA in India. Campaigns to change health and nutrition behaviour and revision of nationwide child health nutrition programmes are needed to meet the substantial unmet needs of these children.
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Gupta, N., V. Vempati, and A. Agarwal. "Dietary deficiencies among families of air warriors: Use of iron deficiency anemia as an index." Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 64 (October 31, 2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijasm_13_2019.
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Introduction: Anemia is a prevalent health problem in India affecting all age groups. It has shown the highest prevalence among preschool children and occurs more commonly in the lower socioeconomic group. Observationally, it was noticed at an Air Force station that preschool children of air warriors had iron deficiency anemia at levels similar to those seen in lower socioeconomic groups. This prompted us to evaluate dietary practices among families of air warriors as a contributory factor to iron deficiency in these children. Material and Methods: All anemic children diagnosed of iron deficiency in the age group of 6–59 months were included in the study. Data were compiled from the clinical history, dietary habits and laboratory parameters obtained. The dietary habits were analyzed based on parameters defined in the current infant and young child feeding guidelines such as exclusive breastfeeding, minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to determine statistical significance of difference between means of two independent groups. Spearman correlation analysis between two independent variables was done and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictor variables for iron deficiency anemia. Results: About 74.1% of the anemic children fell into age group of 6–23 months (infants and young children). 75% of children of the age group of 6–23 months were started on cow’s milk at the time of weaning. The average amount of cow’s milk consumed in a day was 0.7 L. In this age group, the minimum dietary diversity was observed in 11.1%, minimum acceptable diet in 5.5% and minimum meal frequency in 22.2% of the children. In the same age group, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between cow’s milk quantity given per day and hemoglobin (ρ = ‒0.77). A significant negative correlation was found between cow’s milk quantity and variables such as age and number of solid meals received in a day (ρ = ‒0.553 and –0.526, respectively). In multiple regression analysis with hemoglobin as the dependent variable, a significant negative association was observed with cow’s milk quantity. Age showed statistically significant positive correlation with hemoglobin (ρ = 0.762) which was also seen on linear regression analysis. Serum ferritin was low in 44.5% while total iron-binding capacity was raised in 100% of the cases. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia was disproportionately distributed among infants and young children (age group 6–23 months). Copious consumption of cow’s milk in this age group led to fewer solid feeds per day and lack of dietary diversity which led to an iron deficient state in these children. This probably resulted in manifestation of anemia in this population. The study brings out the need for dietary counseling for air warriors and their families to ensure better health and lower disease burden.
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Makau, Mary N., Sophie Ochola, and Dorcus Mbithe. "Feeding Practices of Children Aged 0-59 Months Accompanying Incarcerated Mothers in Selected Women’s Prisons in Kenya." Open Nutrition Journal 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874288201711010001.
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Infant and young child feeding practices have substantial consequences for the growth, development, and survival of children. Children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life and thereafter continue to breastfeed for 2 years or longer. Children are vulnerable to malnutrition thus nutrition and health status of the confined children is of interest. The purpose of this study was to establish feeding practices of children 0-59 months incarcerated with their mothers in selected women’s prisons in Kenya. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on an exhaustive sample of 202 children and 193 mothers, drawn from a sample of eight out of the 35 women prisons in Kenya. Data collection tools included: a structured researcher-administered questionnaire for mothers and children. Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 69.4%; continued breastfeeding at 1 and 2 years year (88.5%; 52.2%). The mean Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was 3.52 ± 1.04 foods groups out of 7 groups with 53.3% having attained the minimum DDS and 86.5% of breastfed children having attained the minimum frequency meal consumption. About half of the children (48.6%) attained the minimum acceptable diet. In terms of nutritional status, 21.4% of the children were stunted, 3.8% wasted and 7.5% were underweight. Dietary practices were associated with underweight; not attaining the minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet was associated with underweight (p = 0.012; p = 0.014); Illness 2 weeks prior to the study was correlated with underweight (p=0.012). Feeding practices significantly influenced nutritional status among children accompanying incarcerated mothers in prisons in Kenya.
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Solehati, Tetti, Anne Mayliani Hidayat, and Sri Hendrawati. "Feeding practices in stunting children aged 24-59 months at Sukamukti Community Health Centre Garut Regency." Riset Informasi Kesehatan 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.30644/rik.v8i2.263.
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Stunting is one of the nutritional problems which has become a global concern. Stunting can be caused by various factors, one of which is the inadequacy of feeding practices. This study aims to describe feeding practices in stunting children. This research used a retrospective method. The study was conducted on 50 respondents. The research was carried out in May 2019 with ethical licensing numbered 509/UN6.KEP/EC/ 2019. Data were analyzed using item analysis. The results showed that there was 32% did not get IMD or early initiation of breastfeeding, 84% did not get exclusive breastfeeding, 46% was not breastfeed until the age of two years, 6% was not been given MP-ASI or weaning food at the age of 6-8 months , 34% did not meet the minimum dietary diversity (MDD), 36% did not meet the minimum meal frequency (MMF), 56% did not meet the minimum acceptable diet (MAD), and 100% consumed iron-containing foods. The conclusion of this research is that feeding practices in children at the age of 0-23 months is still less than optimal.
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Pervin, Naznin, Darryl Macer, and Shamima P. Lasker. "Levels and Determinants of Complementary Feeding Pattern Exclusive of Minimum Meal Frequency and Dietary Diversity among Children of 6 to 23 Months in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 9, no. 3 (September 5, 2020): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v9i3.48924.
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Objective: To estimate the level of complementary feeding pattern (CFP) among children aged between 6 to 23 months and to identify the determinants in individual, household and community level in Bangladesh. Methods: From secondary data of Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) 2011 was used in this study. A total of 2,373 children aged between 6 to 23 months were selected. To estimate the level of CFP dimension index and the “score of the index” was used as dependent variables. Statistical analyses and tests were guided by the nature of the variables. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the significant determinants of CFP. Results: The overall level of CFP among children aged between 6 to 23 months was low. More than 95% of the children experienced inadequate (92.7%) CFP level. The mean levels of CFP as well as percentages of no or inadequate (94.1%) CFP were significantly lower among children of the youngest age group (06 months), uneducated parents, unemployed/laborer fathers, socio-economically poor families, food insecure families and rural areas. However, only few variables remained significant for adequate CFP in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Adequate CFP was significantly lower among the children aged between 6 to 23 months (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.47), children of illiterate fathers (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11-0.95) and socio-economically middle-class families (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.86) as compared to their reference categories. Conclusion: Inappropriate and inadequate CFP may cause serious health hazards among children of 6 to 23 months in Bangladesh. It is ethical to take effective interventions and strategies by the government and other concerned stakeholders to improve the overall situation of CFP in Bangladesh.
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Hibi, Masanobu, Sayaka Hari, Tohru Yamaguchi, Yuki Mitsui, Sumio Kondo, and Mitsuhiro Katashima. "Effect of Short-Term Increase in Meal Frequency on Glucose Metabolism in Individuals with Normal Glucose Tolerance or Impaired Fasting Glucose: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092126.
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Effects of meal frequency on blood glucose levels and glucose metabolism were evaluated over 3 days in adult males with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 9) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG, n = 9) in a randomized, crossover comparison study. Subjects were provided with an isocaloric diet 3 times daily (3M) or 9 times daily (9M). Blood glucose was monitored on Day 3 using a continuous glucose monitoring system, and subjects underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on Day 4. Daytime maximum blood glucose, glucose range, duration of glucose ≥180 mg/dL, and nighttime maximum glucose were significantly lower in the NGT/9M condition than in the NGT/3M condition. Similar findings were observed in the IFG subjects, with a lower daytime and nighttime maximum glucose and glucose range, and a significantly higher daytime minimum glucose in the 9M condition than in the 3M condition. The OGTT results did not differ significantly between NGT/3M and NGT/9M conditions. In contrast, the incremental area under the curve tended to be lower and the maximum plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower in the IFG/9M condition than in the IFG/3M condition. In IFG subjects, the 9M condition significantly improved glucose metabolism compared with the 3M condition. Higher meal frequency may increase glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion and improve insulin secretion.
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Suseno, Suseno, and Asri Putradi Dibyo Siswoko. "ANALISIS PENERAPAN METODE SILVER MEAL DAN MIN MAX DALAM PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU YANG EKONOMIS." Jurnal DISPROTEK 13, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdpt.v13i2.3330.
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Abstrak:Perumda Air Minum Tirta Binangun Kabupaten Kulon Progo merupakan alih status dari BPAM yang bergerak dibidang pelayanan air pipa dan air minum kemasan bagi masyarakat. Pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2013 Gubernur DIY meresmikan merk AirKU yaitu produk AMDK. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah menghitung efisiensi biaya pemesanan bahan baku pendukung yaitu kardus 240 ml dengan metode Silver Meal dan untuk mengetahui dua tingkatan maksimum dan tingkatan minimum stok pemesanan kembali yang harus dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Min Max. Masalah yang pernah dihadapi pada pabrik AirKU adalah bagaimana cara pengendalian stok agar tidak habis atau menumpuk dan meminimalkan biaya pemesanan kembali (reorder stock) agar proses produksi dapat berjalan dengan lancer dan maksimal supaya dapat mengefisiensikan total biaya pemesanan kembali (reorder stock). Dengan adanya masalah tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian efisiensi biaya reorder bahan baku kardus 240 ml dengan harapan pabrik AMDK AirKU dapat melakukan pengoptimalan reorder guna mngefisiensikan biayanya. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Silver Meal adalah Rp 287.544.000 dan sedangkan tingkat pemesanan kembali dengan metode Min Max 9.373 pcs degan harga Rp 31.868.200 dan frekuensi reorder 1 bulan sekali, kemudian didapat efisiensinya adalah sebesar 0,258%.Kata Kunci: Silver Meal, Min Max, Persediaan bahan baku, Biaya Pemesanan, Biaya Penyimpanan.Abstract:Perumda Air Minum Tirta Binangun Kulon Progo Regency is a status transfer from BPAM which is engaged in piped water and bottled drinking water services for the community. On October 15, 2013 the Governor of DIY inaugurated the AirKU brand, namely the product AMDK PDAM Kulon Progo. The research conducted is to calculate the cost efficiency of ordering supporting raw materials, namely 240 ml cardboard with the Silver Meal method and to find out the two maximum levels and the minimum level of reordering stock that must be done using the Min Max method. The problem that has been faced at the AirKU factory is how to control stock so that it does not run out or accumulate and minimize reorder costs (reorder stock) so that the production process can run smoothly and maximally in order to streamline the total cost of reordering (reorder stock). With this problem, a research on the cost efficiency of reordering 240 ml cardboard raw materials was carried out in the hope that the AirKU AMDK factory could optimize reorders in order to streamline costs. The results of the study using the Silver Meal method were Rp. 287,544,000 and while the rate of reordering with the Min Max method was 9,373 pcs at a price of Rp. 31,868,200 and the frequency of reordering was once a month, then the efficiency was 0.258%.Keywords: Silver Meal, Min Max, Raw material inventory, Ordering cost, Storage cost
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Edafioghor, Linda Obianuju, Uzoma Asiegbu, Chinonyelum Ezeonu, Gideon Onyedikachi Iheme, Haadi Adeduntan, and Ifeyinwa Ekwueme. "Maternal complementary feeding practices and anthropometric status of children (6-23 months) in Abakaliki Nigeria, a facility based study." World Nutrition 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.202112248-62.
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Sub-optimal complementary feeding practices among children aged 6-23 months is a major cause of under-nutrition in developing countries. This study was designed to assess the complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of children 6-23 months attending an immunization clinic at Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design. A total of 320 children were selected using a two-stage sampling technique. WHO/PAHO/UNICEF recommendations and WHO Child Growth Standard charts were used to categorize their complementary feeding and anthropometric indices, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Complementary feeding indicators such as timely complementary feed introduction (54.1%) and minimum dietary diversity (68.7%) were met by more than half of the respondents. But overall, complementary feeding practices were considerably poor. Low minimum meal frequency, minimum adequate diet and continued breastfeeding at one year were reported. Wasting, stunting and underweight prevalences were 12.5%, 11.3% and 8.3% respectively. Children who continued breastfeeding at one year (AOR = 0.34; CI= 0.15-0.76) or met minimum dietary diversity criteria (AOR = 0.43; CI= 0.17-1.05) were less likely to be stunted. Increased attention towards breastfeeding continuation and dietary diversity improvement using locally available/affordable food stuffs is needed.
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SALDIVA, Silvia Regina Dias Medici, Patrícia Gama BONINI, Sonia Isoyama VENANCIO, Rossana Pulcineli Vieira FRANCISCO, and Sandra Elisabete VIEIRA. "Feeding and nutritional profiles of children at 12 months of age living in the western region of the city of São Paulo: The Procriar Project." Revista de Nutrição 30, no. 6 (December 2017): 691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000600002.
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ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the feeding profiles, nutritional statuses and influences of maternal characteristics on food consumption of infants at the end of the first year of life. Methods This is a cross-sectional study nested within a cohort of pregnant women that evaluated children with a mean age of 12.1 months. The weights and lengths were measured, and the body mass index was calculated. Food consumption was obtained through 24-hour recall and was assessed qualitatively. The outcomes studied dichotomously (yes/no) were overweight (body mass index ≥+2 Z-scores), consumption of foods considered unhealthy (i.e., sugar, petit suisse cheese, sandwich crackers, and soft drinks), consumption of fruits, legumes and vegetables and a minimum acceptable diet composed of minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between maternal variables and the outcomes studied. Results A total of 254 infants were evaluated, of whom 10.7% were overweight. The majority of the infants did not receive a minimum acceptable diet (58.7%), 28.0% consumed petit suisse cheese and 42.0% received added sugar in their preparations. Mothers less than 20 years old or with more schooling were more likely to offer unhealthy foods to their children (.=0.03). Fruits, legumes and vegetables (consumption was higher among children of mothers over 20 years old (.=0.04). Conclusion The study revealed a high prevalence of overweight and an inadequacy of food consumption among children. The finding that adolescent mothers and/or mothers with more schooling tend to offer inadequate food to children may favor the definition of specific educational strategies.
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Fadlina, Athiya, Judhiastuty Februhartanty, and Saptawati Bardosono. "Maternal Attributes and Child Minimum Acceptable Diet during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition 8, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2021.008.02.2.
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<p>Appropriate complementary feeding practices must be sustained during the COVID-19 pandemic for optimal growth and development of a child. However, the studies assessing factors associated with complementary feeding practices during COVID-19 are still limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate maternal attributes and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) of 6-11-month-old children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study was part of the “COVID-19 Mom-Infant Study” and was conducted in all regions of Indonesia using an online survey. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was performed to examine the relationship between MAD and maternal attributes, with a significant level at p-value <0.05. From a total of 262 data collected, 74%, 77.1%, 94.3% of the children aged 6-11 months have met MAD, MDD (minimum dietary diversity), and MMF (minimum meal frequency), respectively. Mother’s education level (OR= 3.625; 95%CI [1.805 – 7.280]) and working status (OR= 2.197; 95%CI [1.291 – 3.895] were found associated with child’s MAD. One-third of children did not receive the recommended infant and young children feeding practices. Conducting nutrition interventions to mothers with lower education and not working should be a priority under these circumstances.</p>
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Wake, Addisu Dabi. "Prevalence of Minimum Meal Frequency Practice and Its Associated Factors among Children Aged 6 to 23 Months in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Global Pediatric Health 8 (January 2021): 2333794X2110261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211026184.
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Background. Inappropriate complementary feeding practices are amongst the key causes of child undernutrition. It rises the risk of undernutrition, illness, and mortality among children. Objectives. This study was aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of MMF practice and associated factors among children aged 6 to 23 months in Ethiopia. Methods. The search was conducted by using the following electronic databases; PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, African journals, and Google for grey literature. The publication bias was determined by using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. The heterogeneity between the studies was checked by using I2 statistic. The subgroup analysis was done by sample size, region, and year of publication. Result. A total of 20 studies with 12 656 study participants were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MMF practice among children aged 6 to 23 months in Ethiopia was estimated to be 63.80% (95%CI: 56.59, 71.01). PNC visit (AOR = 1.90, 95%CI [1.31, 2.49]), wealth index (AOR = 2.11, 95%CI [1.42, 2.81]) and age of child (AOR = 5.75, 95%CI [4.25, 7.26]) were factors significantly associated with MMF among children aged 6 to 23 months. Conclusion. The findings showed that the pooled prevalence of MMF among children aged 6 to 23 months in Ethiopia was relatively low. PNC visit, wealth index and age of child were factors significantly associated with MMF among children aged 6 to 23 months. Therefore, community-based health education concerning the recommended MMF among children aged 6 to 23 months is required to take place.
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Ali, Muhammad, Muhammad Arif, and Ashfaq Ahmad Shah. "Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Pakistan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0247602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247602.
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Premature mortality and undernutrition rates in Pakistan are among the highest in the world. Inadequate infant and young child feeding are the major causes of premature mortality and undernutrition. Yet, very little is known about the determinants of complementary feeding practices in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aims to identify the determinants of inadequate complementary feeding practices among children aged 6 to 23 months in Pakistan by using the latest nationally representative data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017–18). The results show that only 12% of children consume a minimum acceptable diet, 21% achieve minimum dietary diversity, and 38% reach minimum meal frequency. Multivariate regression analysis shows that child age, child weight at birth, mother’s access to newspapers/magazines at the individual level, wealth at the household level, and prenatal visits at the community level are significant predictors of complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in Pakistan. These findings show that, in addition to poverty alleviation, raising awareness through health practitioners, increasing access to media, and expanding access to child and maternal healthcare can improve complementary feeding practices in Pakistan. This consequently reduces premature mortality and undernutrition.
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Caivano, Simone dos Anjos, and Semíramis Martins Álvares Domene. "Consensus among experts on healthy eating and diet quality index." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 25, no. 7 (July 2020): 2551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020257.09592018.
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Abstract The article aims to achieve a consensus about Healthy Eating and Diet Quality Index to enable a validation study on the Diet Quality Index. Experts were identified among authors of articles published from 2010 to 2015 that presented the key worlds healthy eating index and diet quality index. The query was carried out by combining the Delphi technique with the Likert method. To determine a consensus, at least three of the following criteria had to be met: minimum score in each statement (≥ 3,00); standard deviation (< 1,5); frequency of agreement (≥ 51%) and differences between interquartile ranges (< 1,0). Topics regarding Highly palatable foods, oilseeds, and Meat and eggs did not arrived at a consensus in the first round. Experts proposed new themes: Gluten, Meal frequency, Alcohol consumption, and Including nutrients in the diet quality index. Although quality and risk markers in diet are periodically studied, it was only possible to reach consensus on subjects such as fruits, vegetables, milk and dairy products, legumes, and oilseeds as quality markers after theoretical justification. Processed and ready-to-eat foods, highly palatable foods, excessive sweets and fats, and alcohol were readily identified as risk factors.
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Khatri, Dipika, and Naveen Shrestha. "Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months followed by complementary feeding along with breastfeeding is crucial for proper growth and development of a child. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the feeding practice of mothers ha." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 5, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.27.
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Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months followed by complementary feeding along with breastfeeding is crucial for proper growth and development of a child. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the feeding practice of mothers having the children 6-23 months in Kaski district and to correlate the relationship between complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of children 6-23 months. A community-based cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 453 mothers having the children 6-23 months, applying cluster sampling technique and using the structured questionnaire, salter scale weighing machine, stadiometer and sakir tape were used as research tools. From all respondents 67% started complementary feeding at 6-8 months of age. The practices of minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet were 93.8%, 45.9% and 42.4% among mothers of 6–23 months aged children, respectively. More than half of children have worst feeding practices. Types of family, mother’s education, father’s education, mother’s occupation were significantly associated with feeding practices. In term of nutritional status, 62.26% of children were stunted, 7.3% of children were underweight and 3.4% of children were wasted. Feeding practices were significantly associated with children nutritional status based on wasting and mid upper arm circumference. Overall in Kaski district, it was found that majority of mother had poor feeding practices which contribute to the under nutrition. Nutrition messages on Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices (IYCF) should emphasis dietary diversity and frequency of feeding for all the children.
Keywords: Associated factors, Children, Feeding practices, Nutritional status
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Anin, Stephen Kofi, Mahama Saaka, Florian Fischer, and Alexander Kraemer. "Association between Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Indicators and the Nutritional Status of Children (6–23 Months) in Northern Ghana." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092565.
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Although recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices have been found to be protective against undernutrition in some settings, there is no finality yet due to inconsistencies in the literature. A cross-sectional survey of 581 mother-child pairs was conducted in northern Ghana in June 2018. The association between IYCF indicators and child undernutrition (stunting and wasting) were assessed. The descriptive analysis showed that 66.4% of the children (6–23 months) were introduced to complementary feeding in a timely manner, 69.4% met the minimum meal frequency, and 38.9% met the minimum acceptable diet daily. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight was 33.2%, 14.1%, 27% and 2.6%, respectively. From the multivariable binary logistic regression, child gender, child age group and source of power for lighting the household were significantly associated with wasting. Intake of iron-rich foods, child age group, and maternal height were significantly associated with stunting after adjusting for confounders. The prevalence of the compliance with IYCF indicators was relatively high. None of the individual IYCF indicators showed significant association with undernutrition, except intake of iron-rich foods for stunting. Nutrition-specific interventions targeted at improving IYCF practices, dietary diversification and intake of nutrient-rich meals, should be adopted and scaled up to address undernutrition in northern Ghana.
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Manikam, Logan, Anika Sharmila, Abina Dharmaratnam, Emma C. Alexander, Jia Ying Kuah, Ankita Prasad, Sonia Ahmed, Raghu Lingam, and Monica Lakhanpaul. "Systematic review of infant and young child complementary feeding practices in South Asian families: the Pakistan perspective." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017002956.
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AbstractObjectiveSuboptimal nutrition among children remains a problem among South Asian (SA) families. Appropriate complementary feeding (CF) practices can greatly reduce this risk. Thus, we undertook a systematic review of studies assessing CF (timing, dietary diversity, meal frequency and influencing factors) in children aged <2 years in Pakistan.DesignSearches between January 2000 and June 2016 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Web of Science, OVID Maternity & Infant Care, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, BanglaJOL, POPLINE and WHO Global Health Library. Eligibility criteria: primary research on CF practices in SA children aged 0–2 years and/or their families. Search terms: ‘children’, ‘feeding’ and ‘Asians’ with their derivatives. Two researchers undertook study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal (EPPI-Centre Weight of Evidence).ResultsFrom 45 712 results, seventeen studies were included. Despite adopting the WHO Infant and Young Child Feeding guidelines, suboptimal CF was found in all studies. Nine of fifteen studies assessing timing recorded CF introduced between 6 and 9 months. Five of nine observed dietary diversity across four of seven food groups; and two of four, minimum meal frequency in over 50 % of participants. Influencing factors included lack of CF knowledge, low maternal education, socio-economic status and cultural beliefs.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review to evaluate CF practices in Pakistan. Campaigns to change health and nutrition behaviour are needed to meet the substantial unmet needs of these children.
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Molla, Abebaw, Gudina Egata, Firehiwot Mesfin, Mikyas Arega, and Lemma Getacher. "Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Infants and Young Children Aged 6–23 Months in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (December 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2956129.
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Background. Anemia is a problem of both the developed and developing world, which occurs in all age groups of the population. Half of the anemia cases are due to iron deficiency and affects physical growth and mental development. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of information about anemia and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6–23 months. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among 531 mothers/caregivers-children pairs in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia, from February 1 to March 2, 2018. The cluster sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Sociodemographic data were collected from mothers/caregivers using pretested structured questionnaires. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a HemoCue analyzer machine (HemoCue® Hb 301, Ängelholm, Sweden). All relevant data were described using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, proportions, mean, and standard deviation. Odds ratio and 95% CI were estimated using binary logistic regression to measure the strength of the association between anemia and explanatory variables. The level of statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05 . Results. The overall prevalence of anemia was 47.5% (95% CI: 43.1–51.4%) of which 18.3% were mildly anemic, 25% were moderately anemic, and 4.1% were severely anemic. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, household food insecurity (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6–4.5), unmet minimum dietary diversity (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4–4.3), stunting (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2–4.3), and underweight (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.4) positively associated with anemia while having ≥4 antenatal care visits (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9) and met minimum meal frequency (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14–0.45) had a protective effect against anemia. Conclusion. Generally, the study showed that anemia was a severe public health problem among infants and young children in the study setting. Antenatal care visit, meal frequency, dietary diversity, underweight, stunting, and food insecurity significantly associated with anemia. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen infant and young child feeding practices and antenatal care utilization and ensure household food security, thereby improving the nutritional status of children.
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Feng, Jing, Zhaolong Gong, Yongjun Wang, Junsheng Huo, and Qin Zhuo. "Complementary Feeding and Malnutrition among Infants and Young Children Aged 6–23 Months in Rural Areas of China." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091807.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the nutrition and complementary feeding (CF) of infants and young children (IYC) aged 6–23 months in rural areas of China in 2018 and explored the relationship between CF and nutritional status. We measured the length and weight, calculated the z-scores, and detected micronutrients in the hair. The status of CF was obtained from the respondents by a 24-h dietary recall. IYC were classified into clusters using a two-step cluster analysis. The CF and nutritional status of each cluster were analyzed and compared. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and overweight in the IYC in rural Chinese areas was 7.1%, 3.0%, and 3.7%, respectively. The median levels of Ca, Fe, and Zn in hair were 550.10 µg/g, 62.94 µg/g, and 132.86 µg/g, respectively. The prevalence of meeting the requirements of minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) was 68.9%, 77.9%, and 46.4%, respectively. IYC with a higher prevalence of MDD, MMF, and MAD were more inclined to maintain a healthy status. The prevalence of undernutrition and overweight of 6- to 23-month-old IYC in rural areas of China was low. However, lack of trace elements was evident, and MAD prevalence remained low.