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Journal articles on the topic 'Miniemulsione'

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Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Nazarabady, Maryam Mohammadpour, and Gholam Ali Farzi. "Morphology control of silica/poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) hybrid nanoparticles via multiple-miniemulsion approach." e-Polymers 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2015-0205.

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AbstractAn appropriate approach has been used for the preparation of silica/P(MMA-co-St) hybrid nanoparticles through converting previously prepared inverse miniemulsions into a direct miniemulsion and consequently, using the droplet nucleation polymerization technique. In the early stage of the procedure, silica particles were synthesized from TEOS in the presence of NH4OH or HCl as a catalyst through a base or acid-catalyzed sol-gel process. TEOS, ethanol and tirmethoxyvinylsilan were mixed in MMA:St (50:50) to create the inverse miniemulsion I, similarly CTAB, NH4OH/HCl and distilled water were dispersed into MMA:St (50:50) and called inverse miniemulsion II. Then, the two mentioned inverse miniemulsions were emulsified in water to achieve direct miniemulsion. The nature of the catalyst and TEOS concentration varied, for the aims of investigation, their effect on the morphology and size of hybrid nanoparticles. This route provided a unique process for silica/polymer hybrid nanoparticles production, avoiding organic solvents. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that, the morphology of the hybrid nanoparticles can be controlled by the nature of the catalyst.

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2

Ting, S. R. Simon, Eun Hee Min, and Per B. Zetterlund. "Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization in Miniemulsion Based on In Situ Surfactant Generation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 8 (2011): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11123.

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Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene has been implemented in aqueous miniemulsion based on the in situ surfactant generation approach using oleic acid and potassium hydroxide in the absence of high energy mixing. The best results were obtained using the RAFT agent 3-benzylsulfanyl thiocarbonyl sufanylpropionic acid (BSPAC), most likely as a result of the presence of a carboxylic acid functionality in the RAFT agent that renders it surface active and thus imparts increased colloidal stability. Stable final miniemulsions were obtained with no coagulum with particle diameters less than 200 nm. The results demonstrate that the RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of styrene employing the low energy in situ surfactant method is challenging, but that a system that proceeds predominantly by a miniemulsion mechanism can be achieved under carefully selected conditions.

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3

Capek, I. "On the inverse miniemulsion copolymerization and terpolymerization of acrylamide, N, N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) and methacrylic acid." Open Chemistry 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02476230.

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AbstractThe kinetics of free-radical copolymerization and terpolymerization of acrylamide (AAm), N, N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) and methacrylic acid (MA) in the inverse water/monomer/cyclohexane/Tween 85 miniemulsion was investigated. Polymerizable sterically-stable miniemulsions were formulated in cyclohexane as a continuous medium. Polymerizations are very fast and reach the final conversion within several minutes. The dependence of the polymerization rate vs. conversion is described by a curve with two nonstationary rate intervals. The maximum rate of polymerization slightly increases with increasing concentration of crosslinking monomer (MBA) and strongly decreases by the addition of MA. The rate of polymerization is inversely proportional to the 0.9th and 1.8th power of the particle concentration without and with MA, respectively. The number of polymer particles is inversely proportional to the 0.18th and 0.13th power of MBA concentration. The kinetic and colloidal parameters of the miniemulsion polymerization are discussed in terms of microemulsion polymerization model.

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4

Li, Hong Qiang, Xue Jun Lai, Jian Hua Guo, and Xing Rong Zeng. "Preparation and Characterization of Polymerized Rosin/Polyacrylates Composite Miniemulsions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.251.

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Polymerized rosin/polyacrylate composite miniemulsions were prepared by in-situ semi-continuous miniemulsion polymerization method with polymerized rosin as tackifying resin. The effect of polymerized rosin amount on the monomer conversion rate, the water absorption rate, adhesion properties including initial force, 180opeel strength and shear resistance of the composite latex films were studied, and the structure was also characterized by FTIR and DSC. The results showed that polymerized rosin played the role of inhibition and chain transfer agent in the polymerization process. Polymerized rosin was compatible well with polyacrylate. With the introduction of polymerized rosin, the water absorption rate and heat resistance of the composite latex films were not decreased. When polymerized rosin amount was 3%, the initial force, 180opeel strength and shear resistance of the composite latex films were 13 #, 200 N/m and 21 h, respectively.

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5

Elbing, E., AG Parts, CJ Lyons, BAW Coller, and IR Wilson. "Miniemulsions of Vinyl Stearate. II. Light-Scattering Studies During the Polymerization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 12 (1989): 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9892085.

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The course of the polymerization of vinyl stearate has been followed by dilatometry and by light scattering. Kinetically stable and visually clear or at most opalescent 'miniemulsions' were used to minimize the scattering (otherwise large) by emulsion droplets. Light-scattering results demonstrate that the final particle size of the latexes may be greater or less than that of the emulsion droplets in the starting miniemulsion. This suggests that polymer particles are nucleated from the aqueous (micelle-containing) phase, and grow by transport of vinyl stearate monomer through the aqueous medium from the emulsion droplets to feed polymerization in the particles. Thus the droplets gradually decrease in size and disappear when all the monomer has been taken up by absorption into micelles or into growing particles. A previously proposed droplet-particle collision theory does not appear to be necessary.

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6

Medeiros, Anderson M. S., Elodie Bourgeat-Lami, and Timothy F. L. McKenna. "Styrene-Butadiene Rubber by Miniemulsion Polymerization Using In Situ Generated Surfactant." Polymers 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071476.

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An alternative approach for the synthesis of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) copolymer latexes was explored in order to obtain low gel fractions and high solid contents. The ultra-turrax-assisted miniemulsion stabilized by in situ surfactant generation was adopted as the main strategy since this technique can inhibit the eventual presence of secondary nucleation producing polybutadiene particles and also control the cross-linking degree. Styrene monomer was first miniemulsified using an ultra-turrax and in situ generated surfactant using either hexadecane (HD) or octadecyl acrylate (ODA) as the hydrophobe. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements of droplet size indicated faster stabilization and the production of smaller droplet diameters ca. 190 nm (PdI = 0.08) when employing in situ generated potassium oleate (K-Oleate) in comparison to SDS-based miniemulsions. High butadiene-level SBR latexes with ca. 50% solids content, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −52 °C, and a butadiene to styrene weight ratio of 75:25, were then obtained using the miniemulsion droplets as seeds. Turbiscan and DLS measurements revealed a very stable resulting latex with SBR particle diameter of ca. 220 nm and a low polydispersity index (PdI). Secondary nucleation was prevented as indicated by the low Np/Nd value. Cryo-TEM images showed a narrow distribution of particle size as well as the absence of agglomeration. The gel content was below 10% when tert-dodecyl mercaptan (t-DM) was used as chain transfer agent (CTA).

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7

Pfluck, Ana C. D., Dragana P. C. de Barros, and Luis P. Fonseca. "Biodegradable Polyester Synthesis in Renewed Aqueous Polycondensation Media: The Core of the New Greener Polymer-5B Technology." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020365.

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An innovative enzymatic polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols in aqueous polymerization media using free and immobilized lipases was developed. Various parameters (type of lipases, temperature, pH, stirring type and rate, and monomer carbon chain length) of the polycondensation in an oil-in-water (o/w) miniemulsion (>80% in water) were evaluated. The best results for polycondensation were achieved with an equimolar monomer concentration (0.5 M) of octanedioic acid and 1,8-octanediol in the miniemulsion and water, both at initial pH 5.0 with immobilized Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (PBLI). The synthesized poly(octamethylene suberate) (POS) in the miniemulsion is characterized by a molecular weight of 7800 g mol−1 and a conversion of 98% at 45 °C after 48 h of polycondensation in batch operation mode. A comparative study of polycondensation using different operation modes (batch and fed-batch), stirring type, and biocatalyst reutilization in the miniemulsion, water, and an organic solvent (cyclohexane:tetrahydrofuran 5:1 v/v) was performed. Regarding the polymer molecular weight and conversion (%), batch operation mode was more appropriate for the synthesis of POS in the miniemulsion and water, and fed-batch operation mode showed better results for polycondensation in the organic solvent. The miniemulsion and water used as polymerization media showed promising potential for enzymatic polycondensation since they presented no enzyme inhibition for high monomer concentrations and excellent POS synthesis reproducibility. The PBLI biocatalyst presented high reutilization capability over seven cycles (conversion > 90%) and high stability equivalent to 72 h at 60 °C on polycondensation in the miniemulsion and water. The benefits of polycondensation in aqueous media using an o/w miniemulsion or water are the origin of the new concept strategy of the green process with a green product that constitutes the core of the new greener polymer-5B technology.

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8

Miller, C. M., E. D. Sudol, C. A. Silebi, and M. S. El-Aasser. "Polymerization of Miniemulsions Prepared from Polystyrene in Styrene Solutions. 3. Potential Differences between Miniemulsion Droplets and Polymer Particles." Macromolecules 28, no. 8 (April 1995): 2772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00112a024.

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9

Zhang, Liping, Anli Tian, Chunxia Wang, Fushun Bai, and Shaohai Fu. "Formulation of nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion via miniemulsion polymerization for application in white inkjet ink." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2015-0074.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to prepare nanoscale copolymer-silicon dioxide (SiO2) dispersion for formulating textile printing white ink. Design/methodology/approach Nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion was prepared via miniemulsion polymerization. The miniemulsion formulation was optimized for preparing stable SiO2/O/W miniemulsion and nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion. The nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal gravity (DTG) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The performance of white inks from this colorant was further investigated. Findings Nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 had a core-shell structure with about 45 nm encapsulated copolymer layer when it was synthesized under optimal miniemulsion formulation 60 per cent mass ratio of styrene (St) to KH570-SiO2, 5.0 per cent hexadecane to St and 2.0 per cent concentration of DNS-86. The nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 white ink had high thermal and centrifugal stability with high purity and color fastness. Research limitations/implications The miniemulsion polymerization conditions required a careful control before favorable results could be achieved. Practical implications The nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion and white ink prepared by this method showed excellent stability. This research could accelerate the textiles inkjet printing application. Originality/value The reactive stabilizer DNS-86 is innovatively introduced into the miniemulsion polymerization to improve the stability of the nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion. The white ink was formulated from nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 to improve the fastness of the printed fabrics.

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10

Blythe, P. J., B. R. Morrison, K. A. Mathauer, E. D. Sudol, and M. S. El-Aasser. "Enhanced Droplet Nucleation in Styrene Miniemulsion Polymerization. 1. Effect of Polymer Type in Sodium Lauryl Sulfate/Cetyl Alcohol Miniemulsions." Macromolecules 32, no. 21 (October 1999): 6944–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma981975v.

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11

Blythe, P. J., A. Klein, E. D. Sudol, and M. S. El-Aasser. "Enhanced Droplet Nucleation in Styrene Miniemulsion Polymerization. 3. Effect of Shear in Miniemulsions That Use Cetyl Alcohol as the Cosurfactant." Macromolecules 32, no. 13 (June 1999): 4225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma981977f.

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12

Liu, Qing Shan, Qing Fang Yan, and Xiao Ying Yin. "Preparation of Chitosan Nanospheres by Miniemulsion Crosslinking Method." Advanced Materials Research 1094 (March 2015): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.68.

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Objective To obtain immobilized nanomaterials with good performance, the preparation condition of chitosan nanospheres by miniemulsion crosslinking method was optimized. Methods The chitosan nanospheres were synthesized by miniemulsion crosslinking method with Span80 and Tween80 as the emulsifier, glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker, n-hexane and paraffin liquid as oil phase,chitosan acetic acid solution as aqueous phase. The particle size was measured by Zetasizer nanoanalyzer. Results The results of the univariate tests show that the optimal preparation condition of chitosan nanospheres can be obtained when water/oil volume ratio is 3:2. The size distribution of chitosan nanospheres is 18.17nm to 190.1nm. Conclusion The chitosan nanospheres by miniemulsion crosslinking method are suitable materials as enzymes and proteins immobilized carrier.

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13

Crespy, Daniel, and Katharina Landfester. "Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 6 (December 1, 2010): 1132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.6.130.

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The miniemulsion technique is a particular case in the family of heterophase polymerizations, which allows the formation of functionalized polymers by polymerization or modification of polymers in stable nanodroplets. We present here an overview of the different polymer syntheses within the miniemulsion droplets as reported in the literature, and of the current trends in the field.

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14

Asua, José M. "Miniemulsion polymerization." Progress in Polymer Science 27, no. 7 (September 2002): 1283–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6700(02)00010-2.

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15

Schork, F. J., G. W. Poehlein, S. Wang, J. Reimers, J. Rodrigues, and C. Samer. "Miniemulsion polymerization." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 153, no. 1-3 (August 1999): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00424-5.

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16

Wu, Lin, Tao Pang, Yebin Guan, and Yiguo Li. "Preparation of Prussian Blue Containing Polymeric Nanocapsule via Interfacial Confined Coordination in Crosslinked Inverse Miniemulsion." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020266.

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This work presents a simple and facile strategy for the creation of Prussian blue containing polymeric nanocapsules. An crosslinked inverse miniemulsion with a formula of water/ K4Fe(CN)6/1,2-bis-(-2-iodoethyl) ethane(BIEE)/ toluene/ PDMAEMA-b-PS stabilizer mixture was prepared as soft template firstly. A crosslinking nanocapsule structure with K4Fe(CN)6 in water core could be achieved by a crosslinking reaction between PDMAEMA-b-PS stabilizers and BIEE. Upon the following addition of FeCl3 ether solution into the oil phase of this inverse miniemulsion, a coordination reaction between two iron salts occurred immediately to form a Prussian blue complex. Due to the solubility limitation of FeCl3 in the oil phase of the miniemulsion, forcing the coordination reaction of K4Fe(CN)6 and FeCl3 mainly occurred at the oil-water interface of the nanocapsules, resulting in a soft polymer/Prussian blue(PB) hybrid nanocapsule.

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17

Zhao, Fu Chun, Shuang Quan Liao, Yan Fang Zhao, Hai Sheng Tan, and Nai Xu. "Preparation of Polymer Composite Latex via Miniemulsion Polymerization: Fluorinated Acrylate as Co-Stabilizer and Functional Modifier." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.200.

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The silica/polyacylate composite latex was prepared via miniemulsion polymerization. Fluorinated acrylate monomer was used the co-stabilizer and hydrophobic modifier. The effect of fluorinated acrylate on stability of the composite latex was compared with the traditional co-stabilizer. The composite latex and the resultant film were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, Dynamic laser scattering, Water contact angle. Fluorinated acrylate can stabilize the miniemulsion polymerization as the co-stabilizer and the resultant film has good durability of hydrophobicity under high moisture environments.

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18

Li, Hui, Wenwen Wang, Jiaojun Tan, Chunmei Li, and Qiuyu Zhang. "Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers PnBA-g-PS by miniemulsion polymerization." RSC Advances 5, no. 56 (2015): 45459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06502j.

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19

Feng, Hai Ke, Hua Yu Qiu, Li Yuan Ding, and Cun Jin Xu. "The Kinetics of Methyl Methacrylate Miniemulsion Polymerization Characterized through a Fluorescence Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.609.

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In this paper, we followed the kinetics of methyl methacrylate (MMA) through a novel fluorescence method. The real-time measurement results show that in the regime of very low monomer contents, such as a solution containing 0.1 wt% of MMA with respect to water and with the anionic surfactant of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), the kinetic of the miniemulsion could be followed by this embed fluorescence method. The processes of changing from emulsion to miniemulsion with different amount of surfactant and cosurfactant also have been monitored.

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Wang, Chen, Shunsuke Chatani, Maciej Podgórski, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Thiol-Michael addition miniemulsion polymerizations: functional nanoparticles and reactive latex films." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 20 (2015): 3758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00326a.

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21

Kim, Yang Soo, David Sudol, Victoria Dimonie, and Mohammed El-Aasser. "Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Nanocapsules via a Miniemulsion Polymerization Process." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.1091.

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Hollow polystyrene nanocapsules with sizes of ~100 nm have been prepared via a miniemulsion polymerization process by applying the encapsulation of a nonsolvent (i.e., isooctane). Divinylbenzene has been added to styrene as a cross-linking comonomer in order to improve a structural stability of the hollow polymer capsules. Morphology variation of nanocapsules with concentrations of divinylbenzene and also isooctane has been studied using transmission electron microscopy analysis. Kinetic study on the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of divinylbenzene and isooctane has been carried out using fractional conversion data determined by the gravimetric analysis.

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22

Zayas, Hazit A., David Valade, Zhongfan Jia, and Michael J. Monteiro. "Heck Reactions in Aqueous Miniemulsions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 8 (2012): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12164.

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Carrying out organic reactions in water-based nanoreactors represents a ‘green’ method for the preparation of organic compounds. This process eliminates the need for solvents, thus reducing the effect of high volumes of solvent on the environment. In this work, we demonstrate a successful Heck cross-coupling reaction, one of the most used approaches to form C–C bonds using a palladium catalyst, in a miniemulsion. The miniemulsion droplet sizes were small (25 to 42 nm), and the reactions resulted in high conversions of three different products with high trans stereoisomers.

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23

Cao, Zhihai, Chang Xu, Lihua Liang, Zujin Zhao, Bin Chen, Zhijie Chen, Hangnan Chen, et al. "A green miniemulsion-based synthesis of polymeric aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 35 (2015): 6378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01098e.

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24

Fagundes, Pâmela, Thaís Karoline Carniel, Lais Regina Mazon, Josiane Maria Muneron de Mello, Lucinao Luiz Silva, Francieli Dalcanton, Gustavo Lopes Colpani, Micheli Zanetti, and Márcio Antônio Fiori. "Antimicrobial Activity of the Sodium Lauryl Sulphate Used as Surfactant in the Polymeric Encapsulation Processes." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.500.

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Miniemulsion polymerization process is a very versatile technique used for the polymeric encapsulation of the many essential oils. In this process some surfactant compounds are used to define the capsules characteristics, as an example the Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) that is one of the most used surfactants. But, after the miniemulsion polymerization synthesis the residual amount of SLS can manifest an antimicrobial action that can improve or to prejudice the final properties of the encapsulated products, depending of its percentual concentrations. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of polycaprolactone (PCL) capsules synthesized with different residual concentrations of the SLS surfactant after the miniemulsion polymerization processes. The antimicrobial evaluations demonstrated from solid media diffusion test that the PCL microcapsules are microbiologically inactive for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli when are synthetized with residual concentrations of SLS below 0.0125%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of residual SLS for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is 0.0146% and for the bacteria Escherichia coli the complete bacterial inhibition not was detected at the maximum residual concentration studied of 0.1167%.

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Xiao-Yan, Su, and Dai Le-Rong. "Preparation of Miniemulsions." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 13, no. 08 (1997): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb19970812.

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26

Antonietti, M. "Polyreactions in miniemulsions." Progress in Polymer Science 27, no. 4 (May 2002): 689–757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00051-x.

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Landfester, Katharina. "Polyreactions in Miniemulsions." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 22, no. 12 (August 1, 2001): 896–936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20010801)22:12<896::aid-marc896>3.0.co;2-r.

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Peng, Hui-Qing, Jiang-Fei Xu, Yu-Zhe Chen, Li-Zhu Wu, Chen-Ho Tung, and Qing-Zheng Yang. "Water-dispersible nanospheres of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers and their application for mimicking light-harvesting systems." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 11 (2014): 1334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc48618d.

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Schork, F. Joseph, and Juchen Guo. "Continuous Miniemulsion Polymerization." Macromolecular Reaction Engineering 2, no. 4 (June 23, 2008): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mren.200800003.

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Chemtob, Abraham, Benjamin Kunstler, Céline Croutxé-Barghorn, and Samuel Fouchard. "Photoinduced miniemulsion polymerization." Colloid and Polymer Science 288, no. 5 (February 17, 2010): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-010-2190-1.

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Betancourt-Galindo, R., C. Cabrera Miranda, B. A. Puente Urbina, A. Castañeda-Facio, S. Sánchez-Valdés, J. Mata Padilla, L. A. García Cerda, Y. A. Perera, and O. S. Rodríguez-Fernández. "Encapsulation of Silver Nanoparticles in a Polystyrene Matrix by Miniemulsion Polymerization and Its Antimicrobial Activity." ISRN Nanotechnology 2012 (June 27, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/186851.

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Surface-modified silver nanoparticles (NAg) were encapsulated into a polystyrene (PS) matrix by in situ miniemulsion polymerization. Silver nanoparticles were modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) that acts as a coupling agent and costabilizer in the polymerization reaction. The PS-Nag nanocomposites synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization were made at two different concentrations of the initiator (0.7 and 2.5 g/L in H2O); at higher concentration of the initiator the conversion and efficiency of encapsulation increases, and the average particle size decreases. The PS-NAg composites showed excellent antimicrobial performance toward bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Wang, Shi Jie, Yu Li Wang, Peng Fei Yang, and Tian Duo Li. "Preparation of Polyurethane-Poly(butyl acrylate) Hybrid Latexes via Miniemulsion Polymerization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3938.

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Polyurethane prepolymer capped by vinyl group (PUV) was synthesized by reaction of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and toluene diisocyanate using di-n-butyltin dilaurate as catalyst, and then polyurethane-poly(butyl acrylate) hybrid latexes were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization of PUV and butyl acrylate (BA). Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimeter were adapted to characterize the structure of PUV and PU-PBA and the properties of their films. The results show that the decrease of BA/PUV ratio result in an increase of the hardness and glass transition (Tg) of PU-PBA, but reduce the stability of miniemulsion and elasticity of final copolymer films.

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33

Amato, D. V., D. N. Amato, A. S. Flynt, and D. L. Patton. "Functional, sub-100 nm polymer nanoparticles via thiol–ene miniemulsion photopolymerization." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 31 (2015): 5625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py01449a.

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Ghazy, Omayma, Birger Freisinger, Ingo Lieberwith, and Katharina Landfester. "Tuning the size and morphology of P3HT/PCBM composite nanoparticles: towards optimized water-processable organic solar cells." Nanoscale 12, no. 44 (2020): 22798–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr05847e.

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35

Chakrabarty, Arindam, Siva Ponnupandian, Kinsuk Naskar, and Nikhil K. Singha. "Nanoclay stabilized Pickering miniemulsion of fluorinated copolymer with improved hydrophobicity via RAFT polymerization." RSC Advances 6, no. 41 (2016): 34987–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra25808a.

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36

Yiamsawas, Doungporn, Grit Baier, Eckhard Thines, Katharina Landfester, and Frederik R. Wurm. "Biodegradable lignin nanocontainers." RSC Adv. 4, no. 23 (2014): 11661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra47971d.

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Marks, Melissa, Natalie P. Holmes, Anirudh Sharma, Xun Pan, Riku Chowdhury, Matthew G. Barr, Coralie Fenn, et al. "Building intermixed donor–acceptor architectures for water-processable organic photovoltaics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 10 (2019): 5705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07137c.

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Turcu, Rodica, Vlad Socoliuc, Izabell Craciunescu, Anca Petran, Anja Paulus, Matthias Franzreb, Eugeniu Vasile, and Ladislau Vekas. "Magnetic microgels, a promising candidate for enhanced magnetic adsorbent particles in bioseparation: synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and separation performance." Soft Matter 11, no. 5 (2015): 1008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm02430c.

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Pichavant, Loïc, Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes, Abraham Chemtob, Julien Pinaud, and Valérie Héroguez. "Photolatent ring-opening metathesis polymerization in miniemulsion: a powerful approach to produce polynorbornene latexes." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 46 (2018): 5491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01011k.

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Cao, Zhihai, Xiaoqin Liang, Hangnan Chen, Meng Gao, Zujin Zhao, Xiaolong Chen, Chang Xu, Gan Qu, Dongming Qi, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Bright and biocompatible AIE polymeric nanoparticles prepared from miniemulsion for fluorescence cell imaging." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 35 (2016): 5571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01079b.

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Vaidyula, Rinish Reddy, Pierre-Yves Dugas, Eleanor Rawstron, Elodie Bourgeat-Lami, and Damien Montarnal. "Improved malleability of miniemulsion-based vitrimers through in situ generation of carboxylate surfactants." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 23 (2019): 3001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00644c.

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Cazotti, Jaime C., Sandra E. Smeltzer, Niels M. B. Smeets, Marc A. Dubé, and Michael F. Cunningham. "Starch nanoparticles modified with styrene oxide and their use as Pickering stabilizers." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 15 (2020): 2653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00036a.

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Murase, S. K., L. P. Lv, A. Kaltbeitzel, K. Landfester, L. J. del Valle, R. Katsarava, J. Puiggali, and D. Crespy. "Amino acid-based poly(ester amide) nanofibers for tailored enzymatic degradation prepared by miniemulsion-electrospinning." RSC Advances 5, no. 68 (2015): 55006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06267e.

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Xu, Xianbo, Guorong Shan, and Pengju Pan. "Amphiphilic quasi-block copolymers and their self-assembled nanoparticles via thermally induced interfacial absorption in miniemulsion polymerization." RSC Advances 5, no. 62 (2015): 50118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07087b.

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Jafari, Amin, Haotian Sun, Boyang Sun, Mohamed Alaa Mohamed, Honggang Cui, and Chong Cheng. "Layer-by-layer preparation of polyelectrolyte multilayer nanocapsules via crystallized miniemulsions." Chemical Communications 55, no. 9 (2019): 1267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc08043g.

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Li, W. S. J., C. Negrell, V. Ladmiral, J. Lai-Kee-Him, P. Bron, P. Lacroix-Desmazes, C. Joly-Duhamel, and S. Caillol. "Cardanol-based polymer latex by radical aqueous miniemulsion polymerization." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 18 (2018): 2468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00167g.

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Amato, Dahlia N., Douglas V. Amato, Jananee Narayanan, Brian R. Donovan, Jessica R. Douglas, Susan E. Walley, Alex S. Flynt, and Derek L. Patton. "Functional, composite polythioether nanoparticles via thiol–alkyne photopolymerization in miniemulsion." Chemical Communications 51, no. 54 (2015): 10910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc03319e.

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Katsumoto, Yukiteru, Hideharu Ushiki, Bruno Mendiboure, Alain Graciaa, and Jean Lachaise. "Evolutionary behaviour of miniemulsion phases: II. Growth mechanism of miniemulsion droplets." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 12, no. 15 (March 30, 2000): 3569–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/12/15/306.

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Wen, Shang-Pin, Qi Yue, and Lee A. Fielding. "RAFT miniemulsion polymerisation of benzyl methacrylate using non-ionic surfactant." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 14 (2021): 2122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py00048a.

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Petrizza, Luca, Mickael Le Bechec, Emile Decompte, Hind El Hadri, Sylvie Lacombe, and Maud Save. "Tuning photosensitized singlet oxygen production from microgels synthesized by polymerization in aqueous dispersed media." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 23 (2019): 3170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00157c.

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Abstract:

Miniemulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate, N-vinylcaprolactam, vinyl benzyl Rose Bengal and divinyl adipate to synthesize switchable photosensitizer-grafted polymer colloids for interfacial photooxygenation reactions.

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