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Academic literature on the topic 'Mines (sites d'extraction) – Environnement'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mines (sites d'extraction) – Environnement"
Dialga, Issaka. "Un développement durable fondé sur l'exploitation minière est-il envisageable ? : élaboration d'un Indice de soutenabilité des pays miniers appliqué au Burkina Faso et au Niger." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3025.
Full textThe mining countries face diverse challenges as they strive for economic success. Our research is guided by the following questions: how to ensure a sustainable extraction of an exhaustible resource? How to minimize the cumulative impacts of this extraction on the environment and populations? To what extent do the perceived rents improve the living conditions of the people? How to ensure the sustainability of a harmonized development in the post-mine? This thesis provides answers by proposing a Sustainability Index of Mining Countries applied to Burkina Faso and Niger through top down and bottom up approaches. The index reveals a dichotomy between perceived rents and development indicators. The thesis suggests natural resource planning. First, renegotiating mining contracts. The reform of mining contracts makes possible the constitution of a substantial national rent in order to fund the structural transformation. This transformation requires 18.8 billion dollars in Technology and Human Capital. The simulation indicates that industrialization creates a dynamic between this sector and the rural urban sectors. The study suggests that the dynamics created in the economic dimension constantly fuels the other dimensions of the tool, namely the social, environmental, transversal and governance, political and institutional dimensions, in particular the "pivotal" sectors: education, energy and social justice. Finally, governments should define a permanent sovereign fund in order to guarantee the sustainability of development for future generations. The thesis suggests that the question of sustainable development has to be constitutionalized and the actions should be better defined
Corneille, Adrien. "Préférences hétérogènes des grands projets miniers : trois essais en évaluation non marchande." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAD014.
Full textAccurate evaluation of mining impacts is highly challenging given the strong magnitude of socio-economic and environmental changes at play, and possibly related controversies. This thesis raises the question on how mining impacts well-being with a primary focus on population heterogeneity. A choice experiment survey is conducted to collect ground information on changing well-being due to mining within the province of Quebec, in Canada. Article 1 points to the importance of the geographic context, marked by spatial inequalities in mining impacts. We find that mining development can have long-range impacts on welfare, related to the type of mineral and individual risk perception. Paper 2 takes advantage of strong gold mining history in Quebec to study whether collective experience facilitates mining trade-offs over rare earths, that are new to the province and often poorly known by general public. Finally, paper 3 tests potential effects of information campaigns on welfare changes. Information appears to have little or no effect. However, this result masks high and contrasting effects according to opposing prior beliefs for or against mining windfall. The thesis concludes on relevant research extensions to help estimate mining effects on people’s well-being
Brunet, Philippe. "Émergence et permanence d'une question environnementale : le cas de l'industrie de l'uranium en Limousin." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20930.
Full textThe research is based upon social and historical field investigations in the aim of understanding the evolution of environmental question posed by the uranium industry. From 1949 to 1995, in the very heart of French countryside in Limousin, the Atomic Energy Commissariat (CEA) and, subsequently, the COGEMA were the managers of the most important mining zone in France. Those first twenty five years are discribed as the uranium blessed period. The local economy combines agricultural and industrial elements. Individualized agreements exist between the CEA and farmers who are, in this period, very little disturbed by the juxtaposition of mining and farming. From the beginning of the 70’s, the increasing demand for uranium linked with the "all nuclear" national energy policy enlarges the mining activity to such an extent that the environmental and antinuclear movements growing in close by urban areas begin to introduce questions about environmental impacts. During this nuclear controversial period the former agreements between the COGEMA and other actors in the mining zone are changing. This is the period when environemental questioning about the destruction of landscape and the radioactive pollution of groundwater challenges the industrial point of view but does not succeed in destabilizing it. At the end of the 80's, the closing down of the industrial activity and the revival of antinuclear activism help to legitimize on a permanent basis the environmental question about the nuclear waste problem. The uncertain radioactivity period is characterized by the social silence which affects the mining zone and questioning about the past inspired by the presence of industrial leavings and waste. But the responsability for this questioning becomes mainly an expert business depended on technical devices because of the fragility and poor institutionalisation of non-technical procedures for social dialogue. The impossibility for environmental social actors to secure a stable local agreement reflects the difficulty of managing a heritage which has transformed itself into something negative
Adjei, Mensah Evelyne. "Dissémination environnementale du chrome en contexte minier : études physique, chimique et isotopique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7060.
Full textMetals cycle in the environment and the impact of anthropic activities are major environmental concerns. Ultramafic sites are characterised by their poor content in nutrients (N, P and K), their mineralogy dominated by Fe oxides and their natural enrichment in metals such as Cr, Fe and Ni. Thus, these systems are sites of choice for the mining companies. Mining activities produce huge amounts of wastes such as overburden, low grade ores and tailings. These wastes can be the source of water and soil pollution. Among the metals naturally present in ultramafic systems, chromium is mined as chromite ore. Chromium is stable in the environment under two oxidation states. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is a nutrient which plays an important role in glycemia control while hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is toxic and carcinogenic. The use of Cr isotopic signature has been proposed in order to trace Cr(VI) in groundwater and assess the source of contamination. To this day, there is no study at the scale of a catchment basin which combines Cr speciation and isotopic signature in order to determine Cr sources of pollution in a mining context. The goal of this study is to determine, with a complete dataset (70 water samples, 2 chromites, 2 tailings, 1 concentrated ore, 15 paddy soils and 5 sediments), what are the sources of Cr and which biogeochemical processes are occurring in environmental settings such as soils impacted by chromite mining. The study site is Sukinda valley (India), fourth site worst polluted in the world in 2007. Environmental, sanitary and social consequences link to such a site confer a particular interest to this valley in the study of Cr sources of pollution and biogeochemical processes involved. The two main problematics detailed in this manuscript are: A. To what extent do mining activities modify Cr mobility, availability, speciation and isotopic signature? Can we trace Cr sources thanks to its isotopic signature? Can we trace the biogeochemical processes involved in Cr bioavailability thanks to Cr isotopic signature in Sukinda valley (India)? B. What is the fate of Cr once released from mining wastes? What are tailings impacts on the surrounding paddy soils?
Hadna, Saliha. "Suivi environnemental des anciennes mines d’uranium : l’usage de la concertation en situation de controverse : deux études de cas : la Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres), Pen Ar Ran (Loire-Atlantique)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1145.
Full textThrough the analysis of controversies, our sociological research articulates two case studies on the subject of the use of the “concertation” on the basis of the uranium mine monitoring: La Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres) and Pen Ar ran (Loire-Atlantique). These two former uranium mines present two different configurations. In a first line of research, we are interested in the configuration of actors in an instance of “concertation”: comité de Mallièvre (La Commanderie). We present the “constraint network” which prevent the environmental associations from fully participating. The second line of research questions the usefulness of the concept of "collective construction" to better understand the foundations of the consultation. The third line of research leads us to observe a form non-established "collective construction": in Piriac-sur-Mer, a "community of knowledge" emerges as a result of the creation of the group of associations “Stop radioactivity”. In contrast, consultation takes place in the arguments, as a demand for "legitimation of knowledge"
Dialga, Issaka. "Un développement durable fondé sur l'exploitation minière est-il envisageable ? : élaboration d'un Indice de soutenabilité des pays miniers appliqué au Burkina Faso et au Niger." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3025/document.
Full textThe mining countries face diverse challenges as they strive for economic success. Our research is guided by the following questions: how to ensure a sustainable extraction of an exhaustible resource? How to minimize the cumulative impacts of this extraction on the environment and populations? To what extent do the perceived rents improve the living conditions of the people? How to ensure the sustainability of a harmonized development in the post-mine? This thesis provides answers by proposing a Sustainability Index of Mining Countries applied to Burkina Faso and Niger through top down and bottom up approaches. The index reveals a dichotomy between perceived rents and development indicators. The thesis suggests natural resource planning. First, renegotiating mining contracts. The reform of mining contracts makes possible the constitution of a substantial national rent in order to fund the structural transformation. This transformation requires $ 18.8 billion in Technology and Human Capital. The simulation indicates that industrialization creates a dynamic between this sector and the rural urban sectors. The study suggests that the dynamics created in the economic dimension constantly fuels the other dimensions of the tool, namely the social, environmental, transversal and governance, political and institutional dimensions, in particular the "pivotal" sectors: education, energy and social justice. Finally, governments should define a permanent sovereign fund in order to guarantee the sustainability of development for future generations. The thesis suggests that the question of sustainable development has to be constitutionalized and the actions should be better defined
Boucabeille, Christine. "Biodégradation des cyanures métalliques et du thiocyanate par des cultures bactériennes : étude d'un effluent minier." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT008A.
Full textHezard, Teddy. "Développement d'un capteur pour mesurer en continu et in situ les teneurs en fer (III) et fer (II) ainsi que d'autres métaux dans les eaux d'exhaure des anciens sites miniers." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0988.
Full textThis thesis deals with mining effluents monitoring. It has been cofinanced by the Office of Geological and Mining Research and the Ministry of Research within the scope of the Fer_On_Line project, resulting from the network of Research and Technological Innovation on Water. The purpose of this project was to develop an electrochemical sensor for the continuous and in situ determination of iron(II) and iron(III) levels, as well as other elements, in acid mine drainage waters from abandoned mining sites and to transmit them by telemetry. The follow-up of these elements "markers" informs about the overall evolution of the mining effluents from a given site. It has been shown that the concentration measurement of iron [iron(I) and/or iron(III)] in the mining effluents from two abandoned sites (Chessy and Carnoulès) was possible by amperometric detection, as well as copper(II) measurement [Chessy]. Another species, such as arsenic(III) [Carnoulès], could be detected but not quantified. An electrochemical cell using impinging jet flow adapted for in situ measurements of acid mine drainage waters has been designed and carried out, as well as associated electronics. The prototype composed of the cell including the amperometric sensor and the measurement instrument has been established on the site of Carnoulès where continuous and in situ measurements of iron(II) level has been carried out during 7 days. The results showed not only a very good agreement between the values determined by amperometry and those obtained by colorimetry but also a good life time of the amperometric sensor. Thus, the continuation of the study is very promising
Tsiba, Jean-Kevin Aimé. "L'exploitation minière dans la région du Haut-Ogooué (Gabon) : contribution à l'étude des impacts environnementaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0361.
Full textThis dissertation is about the consequences of manganese and uranium mining on the environment in Gabon, especially in the Haut-Ogooué province. The extraction of manganese in Moanda, conducted by the Comilog company (a subsidiary of the French ERAMET), has both radically altered the landscape and caused chemical pollution in the local ecosystems. The extraction of uranium, formerly conducted by Comuf (a subsidiary of Areva, then known as COGEMA) has caused severe environmental damage, both in terms of abnormally high radioactivity and landscape alteration. In both cases, the confrontation of nature and society has seen an ever increasingly rapid transformation of nature due to the growth of human activity. Such manmade hazards have potentially fatal consequences. The environmental crisis created by the two mining projects has caused anger in the local population and the civil society at large, with people blaming the government and the companies concerned for not handling the hazards in the area responsibly enough or soon enough. This dissertation suggests several avenues to improve the local quality of life in Moanda (manganese mining) and Mounana (uranium mining) in the perspective of sustainable development. Those suggestions include the creation of public structures such as the “mine police” and of analysis laboratories in charge of environmental data
Terrier, Laure. "La criminalité environnementale ou l’impossible jouissance des droits de l’homme : le cas de l’exploitation industrielle et commerciale des ressources aurifères et diamantifères en Amérique Latine." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100194.
Full textThis research work focuses on the socio-environmental impacts of industrial gold and diamond mining in Latin America. It analyzes the normative and institutional legal framework, both existing and projected, and its relevance in the pursuit of an ambitious goal: to restore a full and effective implementation of Human Rights. The case study of the open pit mine in Paracatu, Brazil gathers various testimonies and evidence of Human Rights abuses, collected during an investigation and fact-finding trip. The examples of cases in Guatemala, Peru, Argentina, Chile or Salvador bear also testify to serious environmental and Human Rights abuses in the context of industrial and intensive gold and diamond mining. Considering the seriousness of the facts described herein, judiciary mechanisms destined to sentenced environmental crimes will prove to be insufficient and less effective than extra-judiciary ones. A positive prospect is the implementation of standards that frame fairtrade and fairmined gold in a legal framework
Books on the topic "Mines (sites d'extraction) – Environnement"
Les Chemins du sel. Gallimard, 2002.
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