Journal articles on the topic 'Minerals'
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1
Mandarino, Joseph A., and Joel D. Grice. "New Minerals recently approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 10, no. 5 (October 5, 1998): 1083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/10/5/1083.
2
Mandarino, Joseph A. "New minerals recently approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 3, no. 6 (December 19, 1991): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/3/6/1009.
3
Mandarino, Joseph A. "New minerals recently approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 4, no. 6 (December 15, 1992): 1421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/4/6/1421.
4
Mandarino, Joseph A. "New minerals recently approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 6, no. 5 (September 28, 1994): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/6/5/0725.
5
Mandarino, Joseph A. "New minerals recently approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 7, no. 2 (March 29, 1995): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/7/2/0447.
6
Mandarino, Joseph A. "New minerals recently approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 7, no. 5 (October 5, 1995): 1205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/7/5/1205.
7
Mandarino, Joseph A. "New minerals recently approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 8, no. 5 (October 30, 1996): 1213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/8/5/1213.
8
Mandarino, Joseph A., and Joel D. Grice. "New minerals recently approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 9, no. 6 (December 2, 1997): 1311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/9/6/1311.
9
Ivanov, A. V., А. A. Yaroshevskiy, and M. A. Ivanova. "Meteorites minerals." Геохимия 64, no. 8 (September 3, 2019): 869–932. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-7525648869-932.
Abstract:
“The Meteorite Minerals Catalog” is the first edition in Russia prepared in the 21st century. It includes all the minerals found in meteorites, approved by the Committee on New Minerals and MMA Minerals Names, approved before January 1, 2017, and mineral phases. The Russian and English names, chemical composition, as well as meteorites or meteorite groups, which are characterized by the considered minerals are given for all minerals and mineral phases. Mainly the first description of all minerals and phases and references to publications are also given in the Catalog. Samples of minerals whose origin is associated with specific processes are also presented: these are pre-solar meteorite minerals, refractory and ultra-refractory solar condensates, impact minerals of meteorites and products of the terrestrial weathering of meteorites.
10
Grice, Joel D., and Giovanni Ferraris. "New minerals approved in 1998 by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 11, no. 4 (July 16, 1999): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/11/4/0775.
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Grice, Joel D., and Giovanni Ferraris. "New minerals approved in 2000 by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 13, no. 5 (September 27, 2001): 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2001/0013-0995.
12
Grice, Joel D., and Giovanni Ferraris. "New minerals approved in 2001 by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 14, no. 5 (September 27, 2002): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0993.
13
Celestian, Aaron J. "New Mineral Names: Hydrous Minerals." American Mineralogist 107, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-nmn107813.
Abstract:
Abstract In this issue of New Mineral Names, a thematic approach is used to help provide context for advances and discoveries in mineralogy. There have been many new minerals described within the last year that have important H2O-OH groups within the crystal structure and/or have been formed by hydrothermal processes. Here we investigate the newly discovered hydrous minerals: taniajacoite, strontioruizite, flaggite, steudelite, whiteite-(MnMnMn), zolotarevite, garpenbergite, dobšináite, galeaclolusite, relianceite-(K), and hydroplumboelsmoreite.
14
Mikhailova, Julia A., Yakov A. Pakhomovsky, Ekaterina A. Selivanova, and Alena A. Kompanchenko. "Polymineralic Inclusions in Loparite-(Ce) from the Lovozero Alkaline Massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia): Hydrothermal Association in Miniature." Minerals 13, no. 6 (May 23, 2023): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13060715.
Abstract:
Polymineralic inclusions in loparite-(Ce) in alkaline rocks from the Lovozero massif (Russia) were investigated using electron microprobe analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. A total of 21 mineral species and two groups of minerals (pyrochlore- and labuntsovite-group minerals) were found in these inclusions. Minerals in loparite-hosted inclusions can be divided into two groups: (1) minerals found typically in rocks bearing loparite-(Ce) grains (groundmass minerals) such as aegirine, magnesio-arfvedsonite, potassic feldspar, albite, fluorapatite, etc.; and (2) minerals that were not found in the rock outside of the loparite-(Ce) grains. The latter include lorenzenite, labuntsovite-group minerals, minerals of the neptunite–manganoneptunite series, vinogradovite, catapleiite, fluorite, britholite-(Ce), barylite, genthelvite, and barite, found in the studied samples exclusively inside loparite-(Ce) crystals. The minerals of the second group are typical hydrothermal minerals. We assume that the skeletal crystals of loparite-(Ce), when growing, captured both co-crystallizing minerals and small drops of the mineral-forming solution. Such drops subsequently crystallized within the loparite-(Ce), resulting in the formation of a hydrothermal mineral association.
15
Rosales H, Jimmy, Carlos Rojas L, Fabricio Mansilla P., Joseps Andrade Ch., and José Castillo S. "UN MODELO ONTOLÓGICO PARA AYUDAR AL RECONOCIMIENTO DE MINERALES." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 26, no. 2 (March 5, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v26i2.60.
Abstract:
El presente trabajo, está enfocado en el desarrollo de un modelo Ontológico para ayudar al reconocimiento de minerales sulfurados. Dicha Ontología se implementará siguiendo los métodos de construcción recomendados. Las diversas propiedades de los minerales al estar almacenada en Ontologías se pueden extraer mediante el uso del lenguaje de consultas semántico. Finalmente, dicho modelo Ontológico diseñado se puede usar en el futuro para la implementación de un portal construido con las herramientas de la Web Semántica, para que las búsquedas de propiedades de los minerales sean más rápidas y precisas.. Palabras clave.-Web Semántica, Ontologías, Reconocimiento de minerales . ABSTRACTThe present work is focused on the development of an Ontological model to help the recognition of sulfuric minerals. This ontology will be implemented following the recommended construction methods. The diverse properties of the minerals to be stored in Ontologies can be extracted by means of the semantic query language. Finally, this ontological model can be used in the future for the implementation of a portal built with Semantic Web tools, so that mineral property searches are faster and more accurate. Keywords.-Semantic Web, Ontologies, Mineral Recognition.
16
Fowler, Ashley L., Mieke Brümmer-Holder, and Karl A. Dawson. "Dietary Trace Mineral Level and Source Affect Fecal Bacterial Mineral Incorporation and Mineral Leaching Potential of Equine Feces." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 7107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247107.
Abstract:
Minerals excreted in feces have the potential to leach or runoff to water-ways, negatively impacting water quality. This study examined the effect of dietary trace mineral levels, and their source, on the leaching potential of minerals from equine feces. Nine horses were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square, with three dietary treatments provided as pellets: no added trace minerals (CON), added inorganic trace minerals (ING), and added organic trace minerals (ORG). Supplemental trace minerals included Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Horses were allowed ad libitum access to forage and fed their treatment pellets for 16 days prior to fecal sample collection. Estimated dietary mineral intake exceeded requirements for supplemented minerals. Regardless of the source, adding dietary trace minerals increased the fecal leaching potential of Cu, Zn, and P (p < 0.05). More Co leached from ORG compared to ING, while Zn leached in greater amounts from ING compared to ORG (p < 0.05). Fecal bacterial Zn content was greater (p < 0.05) for ORG compared to ING. Negative correlations were observed between bacterial mineral content and leaching for several minerals. Supplementing trace minerals in forms that increase microbial incorporation may provide a strategy to control fecal mineral leaching.
17
BARTON, ISABEL. "MINING, ALCHEMY, AND THE CHANGING CONCEPT OF MINERALS FROM ANTIQUITY TO EARLY MODERNITY." Earth Sciences History 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.1.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes how the Western concept of minerals evolved over time. Greco-Roman philosophers saw minerals as a form of plant that yielded useful metals or medicines. Most of their data came from mines and focused on ore minerals, but medicinal uses were more highly regarded and were the principal intentional focus of early mineral literature. As mining waned in the early medieval period, the focus of mineral literature shifted to emphasize gemstones rather than ores and mysticism rather than metallurgy, while medicine continued to be prominent. Descriptions from firsthand observation became rare. Starting in the 9th century AD, an inorganic concept of minerals as chemicals began to arise from alchemical experiments in the Middle East. The alchemical mineral literature demonstrated that minerals differed from plants in being separable into constituent ingredients by chemical processes, focusing on ores. The sulfur-mercury model of mineral origin also reflects a strong emphasis on metal ores at the expense of other minerals. As mining rates increased again in Europe after the 10th century, this alchemical concept of minerals caught on. However, the alchemical model acquired a spiritual gloss, leading to a divide in the 16th century between a spiritualized organic model of minerals and an inorganic or mechanical alternative, both focused mainly on ores. Eventually the concept of spiritual or living minerals diverged from the mineral to the alchemical literature in the 16th century, as the mechanical model evolved into the modern chemical identification of minerals.
18
Krivovichev, Vladimir G., Sergey V. Krivovichev, and Marina V. Charykova. "Tellurium Minerals: Structural and Chemical Diversity and Complexity." Minerals 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10070623.
Abstract:
The chemical diversity and complexity of tellurium minerals were analyzed using the concept of mineral systems and Shannon informational entropy. The study employed data for 176 Te mineral species known today. Tellurium minerals belong to six mineral systems in the range of one-to-six species-defining elements. For 176 tellurium minerals, only 36 chemical elements act as essential species-defining constituents. The numbers of minerals of main elements are calculated as follows (the number of mineral species is given in parentheses): O (89), H (48), Cu (48), Pb (43), Bi (31), S (29), Ag (20), Fe (20), Pd (16), Cl (13), and Zn (11). In accordance with their chemistry, all Te minerals are classified into five types of mineral systems: tellurium, oxides, tellurides and intermetalides, tellurites, and tellurates. A statistical analysis showed positive relationships between the chemical, structural, and crystallochemical complexities and the number of essential species-defining elements in a mineral. A positive statistically significant relationship between chemical and structural complexities was established. It is shown that oxygen-free and oxygen-bearing Te minerals differ sharply from each other in terms of chemical and structural complexity, with the first group of minerals being simpler than the second group. The oxygen-free Te minerals (tellurium, tellurides, and intermetallides) are formed under reducing conditions with the participation of hydrothermal solutions. The most structurally complex oxygen-bearing Te minerals originate either from chemical weathering and the oxidation of ore deposits or from volcanic exhalations (Nabokoite).
19
Lescinskis, Oskars, Ruta Švinka, and Visvaldis Švinka. "Common and Different in Latvian Clay Minerals." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.268.
Abstract:
Clays are materials consisting of clay minerals and non-clay minerals. Some applications allow to use raw clay others require to separate clay minerals from non-clay minerals. Clay mineral fraction is considered to be a nanofraction. Description and characterization of 3 different Latvian clay nanosized minerals from 3 different geological periods (clay Liepa from Devonian period, clay Vadakste from Triassic period and clay Apriki from Quaternary period) are summarized. The main mineral in these clays is illite, however the presence of kaolinite is observed and its quantity depends on geological period in which clays formed. Nanosized clay mineral particles were obtained using sedimentation method. Comparison of mineralogical composition, BET nitrogen adsorption, zeta potential, DTA/TG analysis and FTIR spectra is given. XRD phase analysis results were very close to each other and shows that mineral of illite is more than that of kaolinite. BET nitrogen adsorption data shows that clay minerals of Apriki has the highest specific surface area (81 m2/g), whereas clay minerals of Vadakste has it the lowest (43 m2/g). Zeta potential values for clay minerals Apriki, Liepa and Vadakste are-40.9 mV, -49.6 mV and-43.0 mV, respectively. DTA analysis and FTIR spectra show similar tendencies for all 3 clay minerals.
20
Goff, Jesse. "10 Mechanisms by Which Amino Acids May Enhance Mineral Absorption in Animals." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.023.
Abstract:
Abstract Both macro- and trace minerals of the diet face similar barriers to their absorption. Minerals residing in the lumen of the GI tract, whether it be the rumen, stomach, small or large intestine of an animal, have to cross the apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes or perhaps the tight junctions between cells of the epithelium layer to enter the interstitial space below the epithelium. Once there they can diffuse into the venous blood of the GI tract in order to reach the cells of the body requiring the minerals for various functions. Considerable evidence suggests that amino acids can enhance the absorption of minerals, particularly the trace minerals. However, the exact mechanisms by which amino acids enhance mineral absorption remain elusive. In this presentation, the role dietary amino acids may play in forming ionic and hydrogen bonds with trace minerals to enhance their solubility over the absorptive epithelium is discussed. In addition, minerals covalently bonded to amino acids have been utilized as a means of enhancing trace mineral absorption, particularly for Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. These forms of trace minerals can be more effectively absorbed than traditional sulfate forms of these minerals. It has been suggested the amino acid bonding to the trace mineral works by preventing formation of insoluble mineral complexes with dietary chelators within the lumen of the GI tract. It has also been suggested that the amino acid -mineral complex can utilize the more efficient amino acid transporters to cross the apical membrane of the enterocytes instead of the usual mineral transport mechanisms for each mineral. The evidence for each of these mechanisms will be discussed along with the possible repercussions these mechanisms might have on mineral requirements of the animal.
21
Khuzaima, Nur, Khairel Rafezi, Nur Hidayah Ahmad Zaidi, M. K. R. Hashim, and Sheikh Abdul Rezan. "Minerals Characterization of Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Element from Black Sand Langkawi." Solid State Phenomena 280 (August 2018): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.440.
Abstract:
Valuable minerals are defined as mineral which having good opportunities to economic and consireable important. The most commonly occurring sand mineral deposits are ilmenite, rutile, magnetite, cassiterite, monazite, tourmaline, zircon, kyanite, silimanite, and garnet. In Malaysia, mineral sand deposits is found in Langkawi which known as black sand Langkawi. Langkawi black sand having high amount of valuable minerals that is very crucial in the industrial and construction products. Characterizations of black sand acquire different techniques to concentrate and separate valuable minerals. These techniques utilize different in physical or chemical properties of the valuable and gangue (wastes) minerals. For magnetic is based on natural or induced differences in magnetic susceptibility or conductivity of the minerals.. They are used to distinguish and extract magnetic, slightly magnetic and non-magnetic components present in the heavy fraction (Rutile, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Garnets, Zircon and Monazite). All minerals will have one of three magnetic properties: ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic. Ferromagnetic minerals (i.e. Magnetite and Ilmenite) are magnetic and easily attracted to the poles of magnet. Paramagnetic and diamagnetic minerals in the group magnetic, but if the mixture of paramagnetic and diamagnetic minerals are passed through a magnetic field, the paramagnetic minerals will be pulled into the field and diamagnetic minerals separated from the field. By varying the intensity of the magnetic field, it is also possible to separate different paramagnetic minerals from each other. In this study, techniques used to separate valuable minerals from black sand are magnetic separator.
22
Polat, Sevim, and Abdurrahman Polat. "Mineral content of macroalgae and possible uses for human health." Food and Health 8, no. 2 (2022): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh22015.
Abstract:
Seaweeds have been used since ancient times as food, food additives, fertilizer, and a source of medicine. Like terrestrial plants, seaweeds contain many inorganic and organic substances which can beneficial to human health. Seaweeds have great potential as “bioactive compounds for functional use, “algae mineral supplements”, “pharmaceuticals and cosmetics” and in addition to their potential of good sources of minerals, trace elements, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates as traditional food. Due to the mineral absorption ability of macroalgae from the seawater, many species are a perfect source of some trace elements such as iron and iodine and a good source of some macro minerals such as calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. In some cases, the mineral content of the seaweeds may be higher than that of land plants. Scientific data show that the bioavailability of algae minerals is higher than rock-based minerals for humans. In recent years, the potential use of seaweed minerals as “algae mineral supplements” gained attention due to their rich elemental composition and the importance of minerals for human health. Mineral composition of seaweeds may vary according to locality, season, residence time, species physiology, and environmental conditions such as level of elements in seawater, light intensity, and salinity. Thus, new approaches and researches are needed on how much seaweeds can be consumed daily and their potential health risks. In this study, the mineral contents of seaweeds, the importance of minerals for human health, and potential uses of algae minerals were investigated.
23
Bermanec, Marko, Noa Vidović, Xiaogang Ma, and Robert M. Hazen. "The Average Symmetry Index of Minerals Co-Varies with Their Hydrogen Content, Rarity, and Paragenetic Mode." Minerals 14, no. 4 (April 8, 2024): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14040387.
Abstract:
Variations in the Dolivo-Dobrovol’sky symmetry index for minerals through time reveal several factors that influence the emergence of crystalline symmetry in natural processes. Of special interest in this regard are the numerous paragenetic modes—different processes of mineral genesis that reflect changes in physical, chemical, and ultimately biological environments that foster the emergence of new mineral species. Here, we consider the roles of hydrogen content, rarity, formation temperature and pressure, and age on the average symmetry of minerals from 57 different modes of formation (i.e., paragenetic modes). We find four significant trends in the average mineral symmetry index for all minerals in each paragenetic mode: specifically, this average index is (1) lower for minerals with greater hydrogen content; (2) greater for minerals formed at higher pressure; (3) lower for minerals of greater rarity; and (4) greater for older paragenetic modes. These findings elucidate some of the intricate relationships among paragenetic modes, average mineral attributes, and the Dolivo-Dobrovol’sky symmetry index, providing insights into the geological processes governing mineral formation.
24
Grice, Joel D., and Giovanni Ferrarjs. "Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, International Mineralogical Association." European Journal of Mineralogy 12, no. 5 (October 4, 2000): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2000/0012-1051.
25
Li, Xue, Ulla Simon, Maged F. Bekheet, and Aleksander Gurlo. "Mineral-Supported Photocatalysts: A Review of Materials, Mechanisms and Environmental Applications." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 5607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155607.
Abstract:
Although they are of significant importance for environmental applications, the industrialization of photocatalytic techniques still faces many difficulties, and the most urgent concern is cost control. Natural minerals possess abundant chemical inertia and cost-efficiency, which is suitable for hybridizing with various effective photocatalysts. The use of natural minerals in photocatalytic systems can not only significantly decrease the pure photocatalyst dosage but can also produce a favorable synergistic effect between photocatalyst and mineral substrate. This review article discusses the current progress regarding the use of various mineral classes in photocatalytic applications. Owing to their unique structures, large surface area, and negatively charged surface, silicate minerals could enhance the adsorption capacity, reduce particle aggregation, and promote photogenerated electron-hole pair separation for hybrid photocatalysts. Moreover, controlling the morphology and structure properties of these materials could have a great influence on their light-harvesting ability and photocatalytic activity. Composed of silica and alumina or magnesia, some silicate minerals possess unique orderly organized porous or layered structures, which are proper templates to modify the photocatalyst framework. The non-silicate minerals (referred to carbonate and carbon-based minerals, sulfate, and sulfide minerals and other special minerals) can function not only as catalyst supports but also as photocatalysts after special modification due to their unique chemical formula and impurities. The dye-sensitized minerals, as another natural mineral application in photocatalysis, are proved to be superior photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and wastewater treatment. This work aims to provide a complete research overview of the mineral-supported photocatalysts and summarizes the common synergistic effects between different mineral substrates and photocatalysts as well as to inspire more possibilities for natural mineral application in photocatalysis.
26
Spark, K. M., J. D. Wells, and B. B. Johnson. "Sorption of heavy metals by mineral-humic acid substrates." Soil Research 35, no. 1 (1997): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96010.
Abstract:
The effect of humic acid on the sorption of metals by minerals was studied inrelation to the separate interactions of the humic acid with the minerals, thehumic acid with the metals, and the metals with the minerals. Sorption of themetals in combined mineral–humic acid systems can be explained in termsof generalised sorption reactions.Sorption of the metals in mineral–humic acid systems is dependent onsorption of humic acid by the mineral and on the solubility of themetal–humic acid complex. Sorption is enhanced in the combined systemsfor the minerals goethite and silica due to secondary reactions in whichmetal–humic acid complexes are adsorbed by the minerals. Sorption of themetal–humic acid complex in the combined systems for α-alumina and kaolinite is not enhanced, possibly due to competing reactions associated withthe sorption of the humic acid by these minerals.
27
Crowson, Phillip Charles Francis. "Mineral reserves and future minerals availability." Mineral Economics 24, no. 1 (June 8, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-011-0002-9.
28
Biondi, Elisa, Yoshihiro Furukawa, Jun Kawai, and Steven A. Benner. "Adsorption of RNA on mineral surfaces and mineral precipitates." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (March 1, 2017): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.42.
Abstract:
The prebiotic significance of laboratory experiments that study the interactions between oligomeric RNA and mineral species is difficult to know. Natural exemplars of specific minerals can differ widely depending on their provenance. While laboratory-generated samples of synthetic minerals can have controlled compositions, they are often viewed as "unnatural". Here, we show how trends in the interaction of RNA with natural mineral specimens, synthetic mineral specimens, and co-precipitated pairs of synthetic minerals, can make a persuasive case that the observed interactions reflect the composition of the minerals themselves, rather than their being simply examples of large molecules associating nonspecifically with large surfaces. Using this approach, we have discovered Periodic Table trends in the binding of oligomeric RNA to alkaline earth carbonate minerals and alkaline earth sulfate minerals, where those trends are the same when measured in natural and synthetic minerals. They are also validated by comparison of co-precipitated synthetic minerals. We also show differential binding of RNA to polymorphic forms of calcium carbonate, and the stabilization of bound RNA on aragonite. These have relevance to the prebiotic stabilization of RNA, where such carbonate minerals are expected to have been abundant, as they appear to be today on Mars.
29
Wu, Baokun, Xiaohui Ji, Mingyue He, Mei Yang, Zhaochong Zhang, Yan Chen, Yuzhu Wang, and Xinqi Zheng. "Mineral Identification Based on Multi-Label Image Classification." Minerals 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2022): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111338.
Abstract:
The identification of minerals is indispensable in geological analysis. Traditional mineral identification methods are highly dependent on professional knowledge and specialized equipment which often consume a lot of labor. To solve this problem, some researchers use machine learning algorithms to quickly identify a single mineral in images. However, in the natural environment, minerals often exist in an associated form, which makes the identification impossible with traditional machine learning algorithms. For the identification of associated minerals, this paper proposes a deep learning model based on the transformer and multi-label image classification. The model uses transformer architecture to model mineral images and outputs the probability of the existence of various minerals in an image. The experiments on 36 common minerals show that the model can achieve a mean average precision of 85.26%. The visualization of the class activation mapping indicates that our model can roughly locate the identified minerals.
30
Poliakov, Andrei, and Eugene Donskoi. "Utilisation of Enhanced Thresholding for Non-Opaque Mineral Segmentation in Optical Image Analysis." Minerals 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13030350.
Abstract:
To understand and optimise downstream processing of ores, reliable information about mineral abundance, association, liberation and textural characteristics is needed. Such information can be obtained by using Optical Image Analysis (OIA) in reflected light, which can achieve good discrimination for the majority of minerals. However, reliable automated segmentation of non-opaque minerals, such as quartz, which have reflectivity close to that of the epoxy they are embedded in, has always been problematic. Application of standard thresholding techniques for that purpose typically results in significant misidentifications. This paper presents a sophisticated segmentation mechanism, based on enhanced thresholding of non-opaque minerals developed for Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation’s (CSIRO) Mineral5/Recognition5 OIA software, which significantly improves segmentation in many applications. The method utilises an enhanced image view using an adjusted reflectivity scale for more precise initial thresholding, and comprehensive clean-up procedures for further segmentation improvement. For more complex cases, the method also employs specific particle border thresholding with subsequent selective erosion-based “reduction to borders”, while “particle restoration” prevents the detachment of non-opaque grains from larger particles. This method can be combined with “relief-based discrimination of non-opaque minerals” to achieve improved overall segmentation of non-opaque minerals.
31
Hurst, A. "Textural and geochemical micro-analysis in the interpretation of clay mineral characteristics: lessons from sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs." Clay Minerals 34, no. 1 (March 1999): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985599545993.
Abstract:
AbstractBack-scattered electron images of clay minerals from sandstones are used, together with complementary micro-analytical methods, to identify and quantify mineral microporosity and geochemistry. Clay minerals typically have a range of microporosity from 10 to >90% dependent on texture and paragenesis. Fibrous clays are highly microporous; detrital clays have low microporosity but specific clay minerals have broad ranges of microporosity. The often quoted mineral-chemical association between thorium (Th) and kaolinite cannot be substantiated by micro-analysis. The Th content of clay minerals is associated with micro-inclusions within the kaolinite which form diagenetically or are derived from precursor minerals.
32
Ku, Lam Ian, Liza Forbes, and Susana Brito e Abreu. "An Efficient Peptide Screening Method for Mineral-Binding Peptides." Minerals 14, no. 2 (February 17, 2024): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14020207.
Abstract:
In mineral processing, arsenic-bearing minerals are particularly difficult to separate from their non-arsenic counterparts because they possess similar surface properties. Peptides are well known for their target specificity and can offer a ‘green’ alternative to traditional flotation reagents. However, the use of peptide technologies in mineral processing for developing novel flotation reagents has not been explored. Hence, this work aims to develop a screening method to identify mineral-binding peptides as potential reagent candidates. It is hypothesised that peptides can selectively adsorb onto mineral surfaces, and this method can efficiently identify mineral-binding peptides with high specificity toward the target minerals. The methodology presented involves a selection of peptide candidates from existing literature that show affinity toward arsenic species. These peptides were tested for their adsorption performance onto selected mineral surfaces to evaluate their mineral selectivity under flotation conditions. The study demonstrates that the screening method developed is effective in identifying peptides that have an affinity for target minerals, in this case, arsenic minerals. The screening method can be applied to other minerals, thus, unlocking the potential for developing new reagent chemistries for use in mineral processing.
33
Jeong, G. Y., and E. P. Achterberg. "Chemistry and mineralogy of clay minerals in Asian and Saharan dusts and the implications for iron availability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 11 (June 17, 2014): 15735–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-15735-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. Mineral dust supplied to remote ocean regions stimulates phytoplankton growth through delivery of micronutrients, notably iron (Fe). Although attention is usually paid to Fe (hydr)oxides as major sources of available Fe, Fe-bearing clay minerals are typically the dominant phase in mineral dust. The mineralogy and chemistry of clay minerals in dust particles, however, are largely unknown. We conducted microscopic identification and chemical analysis of the clay minerals in Asian and Saharan dust particles. Cross-sectional slices of dust particles were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) techniques and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). TEM images of FIB slices revealed that clay minerals occurred as either nano-thin platelets or relatively thick plates. The nano-thin platelets included illite, smectite, illite–smectite mixed layers and their nanoscale mixtures (illite–smectite series clay minerals, ISCMs) which could not be resolved with an electron microbeam. EDXS chemical analysis of the clay mineral grains revealed that the average Fe content was 5.8% in nano-thin ISCM platelets assuming 14% H2O, while the Fe content of illite and chlorite was 2.8 and 14.8%, respectively. In addition, TEM and EDXS analyses were performed on clay mineral grains dispersed and loaded on microgrids. The average Fe content of clay mineral grains was 6.7 and 5.4% in Asian and Saharan dusts, respectively. A comparative X-ray diffraction analysis of bulk dusts showed that Saharan dust was more enriched in clay minerals than in Asian dust, while Asian dust was more enriched in chlorite. The average Fe / Si, Al / Si and Fe / Al molar ratios of the clay minerals, compared to previously reported chemistries of mineral dusts and leached solutions, indicated that dissolved Fe originated from clay minerals. Clay minerals, in particular nanocrystalline ISCMs and Fe-rich chlorite are important sources of available Fe in remote marine ecosystems. Further detailed analyses of the mineralogy and chemistry of clay minerals in global aerosols are required to determine the inputs of Fe available to surface ocean microbial communities.
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Wang, Lingjian, Xinggang Tang, Xin Liu, and Jinchi Zhang. "Mineral-Solubilizing Soil Bacteria Permanently Green Rocky Slopes by Enhancing Soil Adhesion to the Surface of Rocky Slopes." Forests 13, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111820.
Abstract:
Rocky slopes are vulnerable to landslides and mudslides, which pose a major threat to human life and property. Research is being conducted to improve the adhesion between soil and minerals by mineral-solubilizing bacteria to manage slopes scientifically and develop novel methods for slope greening. From the soil of Nanjing Mufu Mountain’s weathered rock walls, we isolated various soil mineral-solubilizing soil bacteria. During the soil bacterial solubilization test, we discovered that some soil bacteria could enhance the adherence of soil to minerals; therefore, we selected three soil bacteria (NL-7, NL-8, and NL-11) with higher performance for further investigation. Controlled experiments were used to investigate the effects of soil bacteria on soil characteristics (soil moisture content, soil pH, and soil exchangeable metal content) and soil adhesion to minerals. According to the findings, soil bacteria can improve the soil’s adhesion to minerals, improve the soil’s capacity to hold water, regulate soil pH, and solubilize and release exchangeable calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium ions. A structural equation modeling analysis was performed to thoroughly examine the relationship between soil characteristics and soil adherence to minerals. The analysis findings showed that soil moisture had the greatest total and direct positive impact on soil adherence to minerals. The most significant indirect impact of soil pH on soil adhesion to minerals is mainly caused by the exchangeable sodium and magnesium ions. Additionally, soil exchangeable sodium ions can only indirectly affect the adhesion of soil to minerals, which is accomplished by controlling soil exchangeable magnesium ions. Therefore, mineral-solubilizing soil bacteria primarily work by enhancing the soil’s water retention capacity to improve the soil’s adherence to minerals. Our study on the effect of mineral-solubilizing bacteria on the adhesion of soil and minerals demonstrates the significant potential of mineral-solubilizing bacteria in spray seeding greening, which will provide data and theoretical support for the formation, application, and promotion of mineral-solubilizing bacteria greening methods and gradually form a new set of scientific and efficient greening methods with Chinese characteristics.
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Weng, Yi-Tse, Chun-Chieh Wang, Cheng-Cheng Chiang, Heng Tsai, Yen-Fang Song, Shiuh-Tsuen Huang, and Biqing Liang. "In situ evidence of mineral physical protection and carbon stabilization revealed by nanoscale 3-D tomography." Biogeosciences 15, no. 10 (May 25, 2018): 3133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3133-2018.
Abstract:
Abstract. An approach for nanoscale 3-D tomography of organic carbon (OC) and associated mineral nanoparticles was developed to illustrate their spatial distribution and boundary interplay, using synchrotron-based transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). The proposed 3-D tomography technique was first applied to in situ observation of a laboratory-made consortium of black carbon (BC) and nanomineral (TiO2, 15 nm), and its performance was evaluated using dual-scan (absorption contrast and phase contrast) modes. This novel tool was then successfully applied to a natural OC–mineral consortium from mountain soil at a spatial resolution of 60 nm, showing the fine structure and boundary of OC, the distribution of abundant nano-sized minerals, and the 3-D organo-mineral association in situ. The stabilization of 3500-year-old natural OC was mainly attributed to the physical protection of nano-sized iron (Fe)-containing minerals (Fe oxyhydroxides including ferrihydrite, goethite, and lepidocrocite), and the strong organo-mineral complexation. In situ evidence revealed an abundance of mineral nanoparticles, in dense thin layers or nano-aggregates/clusters, instead of crystalline clay-sized minerals on or near OC surfaces. The key working minerals for C stabilization were reactive short-range-order (SRO) mineral nanoparticles and poorly crystalline submicron-sized clay minerals. Spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that the studied OC was not merely in crisscross co-localization with reactive SRO minerals; there could be a significant degree of binding between OC and the minerals. The ubiquity and abundance of mineral nanoparticles on the OC surface, and their heterogeneity in the natural environment may have been severely underestimated by traditional research approaches. Our in situ description of organo-mineral interplay at the nanoscale provides direct evidence to substantiate the importance of mineral physical protection for the long-term stabilization of OC. This high-resolution 3-D tomography approach is a promising tool for generating new insight into the interior 3-D structure of micro-aggregates, the in situ interplay between OC and minerals, and the fate of mineral nanoparticles (including heavy metals) in natural environments.
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Akon, Eunuse. "Mineralogy, geochemistry and economic potentialities of heavy mineral sand resources of Bangladesh." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 59 (July 24, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v59i0.24981.
Abstract:
Heavy mineral sand deposits are the important mineral resources of Bangladesh. Systematic mineral exploration activities carried out in the south eastern coastal belt of Bangladesh were successful to discover seventeen heavy mineral sand (HMS) deposits in the coastal beach and off-shore islands. Mineralogy, geochemistry and mineral processing characteristics of the heavy mineral sands and their economic potentialities are presented in the present paper. On an average, HMS deposits contain 23% total heavy minerals. In heavy fraction, average weight percentage of the economic minerals is: zircon 4.20%, rutile 2.04%, ilmenite 26.03%, garnet 6.45%, kyanite 3.92%, leucoxene 2.30%, magnetite 1.87% and monazite 0.31%; and the average weight percentage of other non-economic heavy minerals is 53.88%. Heavy mineral sand deposits altogether contain 1.76 million tons of economically important heavy minerals which are: limonite (1,025,000 tonnes), garnet (223,000 tons), zircon (158,000 tonnes), leucoxene (97,000 tons), kyanite (91,000 tons), rutile (70,000 tons), magnetite (81,000 tones) and monazite (17,000 tonnes). Occurrence of large amount of economic heavy minerals in the sand bars of Brahmaputra-Jamuna River has been reported by some recent studies. On an average, total heavy mineral percentage of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna sand bars is around 8.92%. Mineral sand processing on the bulk samples has been carried out at the pilot plant comprising gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separators to characterize the separation characteristics of individual economic heavy minerals. Geochemical studies on the separated heavy minerals show that TiO2 in rutile is around 90% and ZrO2 in zircon is around 65%, which are quite satisfactory in respect of commercial grade. Ilmenite contains low level of titanium dioxide (TiO2-43%) and higher level of chromium, manganese and iron. Beneficiation and upgrading of limonite will be required to make it a market able commodity. Valuable minerals present in the heavy mineral sand deposits of Bangladesh need to be mined sustainably and utilized for the benefit of the country.
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Endang Hartiningsih. "Identifikasi Jenis Mineral Industri Dengan Xrd Pada Sampel Batupasir Formasi Ekmai, Distrik Ertsberg, Kabupaten Mimika, Provinsi Papua Tengah." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 2, no. 2 (December 11, 2023): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.58169/saintek.v2i2.208.
Abstract:
The sandstones of the Ekmai Formation are composed of various minerals, both metal and non-metallic minerals, especially industrial minerals. This study aims to identify the types of industrial minerals within the sandstones using XRD analysis. The main mineral identified is quartz. Other minerals groups are carbonates, clay, garnet, feldspar, amphibole, chlorite, epidote, and olivine.
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Tako, Elad. "Dietary Trace Minerals." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112823.
Abstract:
Dietary trace minerals are pivotal and hold a key role in numerous metabolic processes. Trace mineral deficiencies (except for iodine, iron, and zinc) do not often develop spontaneously in adults on ordinary diets; infants are more vulnerable because their growth is rapid and intake varies. Trace mineral imbalances can result from hereditary disorders (e.g., hemochromatosis, Wilson disease), kidney dialysis, parenteral nutrition, restrictive diets prescribed for people with inborn errors of metabolism, or various popular diet plans. The Special Issue “Dietary Trace Minerals” comprised 13 peer-reviewed papers on the most recent evidence regarding the dietary intake of trace minerals, as well as their effect toward the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. Original contributions and literature reviews further demonstrated the crucial and central part that dietary trace minerals play in human health and development. This editorial provides a brief and concise overview that addresses and summarizes the content of the Dietary Trace Minerals Special Issue.
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Liptay, A., and A. E. Arevalo. "Plant mineral accumulation, use and transport during the life cycle of plants: A review." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-014.
Abstract:
Minerals accumulated during each stage of plant development are important, especially for the initial portion of subsequent stages of growth. For example, minerals acquired during seed ontogeny are largely responsible for the earliest stage of seedling growth. Without these minerals, seedling development would be arrested or impossible. Thus, even though the amount of minerals may be relatively small in the seed, their presence is absolutely essential. Similarly, although the mineral nutrient content of a seedling used as a transplant in establishing a crop in the field may seem rather minuscule, the importance to the initiation of development of the successive stage of growth is critical. Moreover, seedling-mineral content, plant performance and seed production can be improved by the selection of optimal cultural practices. This review examines acquisition, content and use of minerals in the various stages of plant development and growth as well as agricultural approaches to enhance mineral accumulation. Key words: Nutrient uptake, field crop establishment, seed mineral content, seed yield, crop growth
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Kholoshyn, Ihor, Natalia Panteleeva, Oleksandr Trunin, Liudmyla Burman, and Olga Kalinichenko. "Infrared spectroscopy as the method for evaluating technological properties of minerals and their behavior in technological processes." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016602002.
Abstract:
Infrared spectroscopy (IR) is a highly effective method for the analysis of minerals, rocks and ores, capable of solving a whole range of problems when choosing innovative solutions for the technological processing of various types of mineral raw materials. The article considers the main directions of using the infrared spectroscopy method in assessing the technological properties of minerals and their behavior in technological processes: evaluation of the grade (quality) of mineral raw materials; analysis of the behavior of minerals in the technological process with prediction of their technological properties; analysis of changes in the structure and properties of minerals in technological processes; operational analysis of mineral substances at various stages of technological processing. The article illustrates all aspects of the use of infrared spectroscopy at various stages of studying the material composition of mineral raw materials in its enrichment assessment by specific examples of solving problems arising from the technological redistribution of various types of ore and non-metallic minerals.
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Zeng, Xiang, Yancong Xiao, Xiaohui Ji, and Gongwen Wang. "Mineral Identification Based on Deep Learning That Combines Image and Mohs Hardness." Minerals 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11050506.
Abstract:
Mineral identification is an important part of geological analysis. Traditional identification methods rely on either the experience of the appraisers or the various measuring instruments, and the methods are either easily influenced by appraisers’ experience or require too much work. To solve the above problems, there are studies using image recognition and intelligent algorithms to identify minerals. However, current studies cannot identify many minerals, and the accuracy is low. To increase the number of identified minerals and accuracy, we propose a method that uses both mineral photo images and the Mohs hardness in deep neural networks to identify the minerals. The experimental results showed that the method can reach 90.6% top-1 accuracy and 99.6% top-5 accuracy for 36 common minerals. An app based on the model was implemented on smartphones with no need for accessing the internet and communication signals. Tested on 73 real mineral samples, the app achieved top-1 accuracy of 89% when the mineral image and hardness are both used and 71.2% when only the mineral image is used.
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Kim, Hyesu, Jaehyung Yu, Lei Wang, Yongsik Jeong, and Jieun Kim. "Variations in Spectral Signals of Heavy Metal Contamination in Mine Soils Controlled by Mineral Assemblages." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203273.
Abstract:
This paper illustrates a spectroscopic analysis of heavy metal concentration in mine soils with the consideration of mineral assemblages originated by weathering and mineralization processes. The mine soils were classified into two groups based on the mineral composition: silicate clay mineral group (Group A) and silicate–carbonate–skarn–clay mineral group (Group B). Both soil groups are contaminated with Cu, Zn, As, and Pb, while the contamination level was higher for Group A. The two groups exhibit different geochemical behaviors with different heavy metal contamination. The spectral variation associated with heavy metal was highly correlated with absorption features of clay and iron oxide minerals for Group A, and the absorption features of skarn minerals, iron oxides, and clay minerals for Group B. It indicates that the geochemical adsorption of heavy metal elements mainly occurs with clay minerals and iron oxides from weathering, and of skarn minerals, iron oxides, and clay minerals from mineralization. Therefore, soils from different secondary mineral production processes should be analyzed with different spectral models. We constructed spectral models for predicting Cu, Zn, As, and Pb in soil group A and Zn and Pb in soil group B using corresponding absorptions. Both models were statistically significant with sufficient accuracy.
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Chanturiya, Valentine A., and Igor Zh Bunin. "Advances in Pulsed Power Mineral Processing Technologies." Minerals 12, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12091177.
Abstract:
In Russia and globally, pulsed power technologies have been proposed based on the conversion of energy into a short-pulsed form and exposing geomaterials (minerals, rocks, and ores) to strictly dosed high-power pulsed electric and magnetic fields, beams of charged particles, microwave radiation, neutrons and X-ray quanta, and low-temperature plasma flows. Such pulsed energy impacts are promising methods for the pretreatment of refractory mineral feeds (refractory ores and concentration products) to increase the disintegration, softening, and liberation performance of finely disseminated mineral complexes, as well as the contrast between the physicochemical and process properties of mineral components. In this paper, we briefly review the scientific foundations of the effect of both high-power nanosecond electromagnetic pulses (HPEMP) and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in air on semiconductor ore minerals (sulfides, rare metals minerals) and rock-forming dielectric minerals. The underlying mechanisms of mineral intergrowth disintegration and changes in the structural and chemical states of the mineral surface when exposed to HPEMP and DBD irradiation are discussed. The high performance and potential limitations of pulsed energy impact and low-temperature plasma produced by DBD treatment of geomaterials are discussed in terms of the directional change in the process properties of the minerals to improve the concentration performance of refractory minerals and ores.
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Özek, Kasım. "Kanatlı Beslemede İz Mineraller ve Şelat Formlarının Etkinliği." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 11 (November 14, 2016): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i11.946-951.805.
Abstract:
The efficiency of chelated forms of trace minerals in poultry nutrition and the trace minerals requirements of poultry were discussed in this review. Trace minerals are essential for all farm animals, and these minerals, individually or together with other mineral, take part in many events such as metabolic activities, development and repair of different tissues, growth, immune and reproductive systems. In the last years, lots of studies related to different organic forms of trace minerals on the effects of broiler and laying hens were carried out. The results of these studies have showed that organic trace minerals added to poultry diets at lower levels than inorganic trace minerals are more efficient than inorganic trace minerals and they provide some advantages in poultry nutrition. One of the most important advantages is the reduction of mineral amount excreted in faces. In addition, the results of researches conducted especially in the last few years have shown that the chelated forms of trace minerals strengthen the poultry immune system, and increase the use of other nutrients. However, there are inconsistent between the effects of different forms of trace minerals used in poultry diets on the performance.
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Atencio, Daniel. "The discovery of new mineral species and type minerals from Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Geology 45, no. 1 (March 2015): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/23174889201500010011.
Abstract:
Minerals were seen merely as sources of chemicals: iron ore, copper ore, etc. However, minerals are not just chemicals associations, since they display crystal structures. These two features together provide properties that can be technologically useful. Even though a mineral occurs in very small amount, which does not allow its extraction, it can serve as a model for obtaining the synthetic analogue on an industrial scale. It is necessary that a new-mineral proposal be submitted for approval by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) before publication. Only 65 valid mineral species were first described from Brazil, that is, the type minerals from Brazil. Nineteen of these were published between 1789 and 1959 (0.11 per year). From 1959, when the CNMMN (today CNMNC) - IMA was established, to 2000, 18 approved Brazilian mineral species remain valid (0.43 per year). However, the number of type minerals from Brazil approved in the last 15 years (2000 to 2014) was substantially increased: 28 (1.87 per year). This number is very small considering the wide range of Brazilian geological environments. The two first type species from Brazil, discovered in the 18th century, chrysoberyl and euclase, are important gemological minerals. Two other gem minerals, tourmaline-supergroup members, were published only in the 21st century: uvite and fluor-elbaite. Some type minerals from Brazil are very important technologically speaking. Some examples are menezesite, coutinhoite, lindbergite, pauloabibite, and waimirite-(Y).
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Massinai, Muhammad Altin, Maria, and Muhammad Fawzy Ismullah Massinai. "MINERALIZATION OF LIMESTONE AND VOLCANIC ROCK OF THE TACIPI FORMATION." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 6 (December 24, 2021): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.6.45.
Abstract:
Rocks are a collection of minerals that have frozen. Rocks can contain one or several minerals. Minerals are physically and chemically homogeneous crystalline substances in the earth crust. Minerals are formed at the same time as rocks. Minerals are a type of natural resource that must be studied. However, there have never been any mineral content studies done in the Tacipi Formation area, which has a great natural resource potential. Research conducted in Ulo, Lanca, and Lappae Villages (Tacipi Formation), Bone Regency, Indonesia, aimed to determine the mineral content of the rock, the crystal structure, and the distribution of rock minerals at three sampling points: point 1 (Ulo) with igneous rock samples from Bone Volcano, point 2 (Lanca) with sedimentary rock samples and point 3 (Lappae) with sedimentary rock samples from Bone Limestone tested with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The analysis of all samples using the High Score Plus software obtained mineral content: magnesian calcite, calcite, quartz, diopside, corundum, chalcopyrite, and wustite. The minerals that often appear are magnesian calcite and quartz, with a mineral crystal structure that is rhombohedral and hexagonal with varying sizes. Quartz is produced from interbedded rocks of the Bone volcanic rock with the limestone reefs of the Tacipi Formation. The research results, which have a novelty value, show that the mineral richness in this area is diversified. The research results can be used by the community, local government, and investors to develop the mining sector.
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Pavlyshyn, V. I., D. S. Chernysh, H. O. Kulchytska, and O. I. Matkovskyi. "SOME REGULARITIES OF THE INTERRELATION OF THE GENESIS AND MINERALS DISTRIBUTION IN THE BOWELS." Mineralogical Journal 44, no. 4 (2022): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.022.
Abstract:
Some regularities of the interrelation of the genesis and minerals distribution in the bowels based on the analysis of information on the temporal and spatial distribution of minerals in geological complexes, primarily in Ukraine, were revealed. The distribution of minerals in magmatic complexes, pegmatites, hydrothermalites and metamorphites was studied. The relationship between tectonics and the distribution of minerals is noted. There is a clear direction of the geological development of the earth's crust: the pacification of tectonic processes — the growth of platforms — the differentiation of mineral matter. The number of formed mineral species increased rapidly from Archean to Phanerozoic complexes, from "basaltic" to "crustal" mineral formation, from ultrabasic rocks to acid ones. The Pre-Greenstone crust of Ukrainian Shield (USh) is predominantly represented by plagioclases and pyroxenes; with the development of granitoids, quartz and alkali feldspars joined them. From early to late stages of USh development, the number of species increased by an order of magnitude. Near-Azov megablock is in the first place. Maximum species formation is associated with alkaline magmatism and processes involving volatile components, in particular pegmatite formation. The number of minerals in pegmatites reaches hundreds of species. Mountain building led to the destruction of igneous rocks and the formation of new minerals. The appearance of free oxygen became a powerful factor in mineral formation. Superimposed processes with the supplying of deep fluids contributed to the transformation and redistribution of minerals and the formation of polygenic ores. The distribution of minerals makes it possible to detect typomorphic species for certain processes, which can be used to determine the criteria of mineralization, its scale, and the erosion section of ore bodies. The distribution of various mineral species, and the same species with identified macro- and microdefects, as a result of the conditions of mineral formation, is of practical importance.
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Khaidar Ali, Rinal, Lestari Butar-butar, Nurakhmi Qadaryati, and Narulita Santi. "Acid neutralizing capacity minerals in Barani Pit PT Agincourt Resources Martabe, North Sumatera: alternative agent on neutralizing acid mine drainage." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020202008.
Abstract:
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is produced when sulfide-bearing material is exposed to oxygen and water. The mine may accelerate this natural reaction due to the wide and rapid exposure of sulfide minerals. Although economical ores are considered environmental pollutants, there are several elements that act as acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) mineral are associated with the ore, especially silicate minerals. Currently, PT Agincourt Resources Martabe has only relying on the use of carbonates mineral groups to handle the AMD issue. In fact, the geological condition in this area is formed of typically alumina-rich and alkaline minerals which are capable to neutralize the AMD as well. The aim of this study is to determine ANC minerals from the rock formations that has impact to neutralize the AMD in Barani Pit. The methods are geological field observation, mineral determination using spectral analysis, and assay analysis that provides data to sort the recommended ANC minerals. The ANC minerals from the rock formations and wastes within Barani Pit, other than calcite, are muscovite, illite, smectite, kaolinite, dickite and gypsum. The knowledge about these alternative ANC minerals might give contribution to reduce and solve the risk of acid mine drainage polluting the environment.
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Paula, Rafaela Teixeira, and Geraldo César Rocha. "Caracterização Física e Mineralógica de Materiais Intempéricos na Área Urbana de Juiz de Fora – MG, através de Análise Macroscópica, Difratrômetro de Raios-X (DRX) e Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.3.p1787-1804.
Abstract:
Materiais saprolíticos constituem importantes seções no recorte vertical da paisagem. São materiais ainda pouco conhecidos e demandam maior dedicação. Para caracterização destes materiais pode-se fazer uso de técnicas mineralogia e micromorfologia como a difração de Raios-X (DRX) e o Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV). O DRX é uma técnica de caracterização de estruturas cristalinas. O MEV é um tipo de microscópio capaz de produzir imagens de alta resolução da superfície de materiais sólidos. O objetivo é caracterizar amostras de materiais intemperizados de diferentes rochas. Foram selecionados cinco perfis de intemperismo em Juiz de Fora - MG. Os parâmetros utilizados para a análise física e mineralógica foram os seguintes: cor, textura, consistência, rocha de origem e grau de alteração, mineralogia e micromorfologia. A cor é variável entre e intra amostras, é dependente dos minerais constituintes e do grau de alteração. A textura está ligada aos minerais constituintes e seus tamanhos, que são dependentes de seus graus de alteração. A consistência é dependente da resistência dos minerais constituintes e da alteração. As rochas de origem são o quartzito ou o gnaisse. Os principais minerais encontrados foram quartzo, biotita, muscovita e caulinita. Quanto maior a porcentagem de argila, menor a consistência e maior o grau de alteração. A presença de minerais mais resistentes tende a dificultar a pedogênese, resultando em perfis mais arenosos, com poucos minerais de argila e sem atividade biológica. Nos perfis em que predomina o quartzo, apesar da presença desse mineral, o grau de alteração é elevado. Physical and Mineralogical Characterization of Weathering Materials in the Urban Area of Juiz de Fora - MG through Macroscopic Analysis, X-Ray Diffractometer and Scanning Electron Microscope ABSTRACTSaprolitic materials are important sections in the vertical cutout of the landscape. These materials are still little known and demand greater dedication. To characterize these materials, we can use mineral and micromorphological techniques such as X-ray diffraction, a technique for characterizing crystalline structures and the Scanning Electron Microscope, a type of microscope capable of producing high-resolution images of the surface of solid materials. The objective is to characterize weathered colors of different stones. Five weathering profiles were selected in Juiz de Fora - MG. The parameters used for physical and mineralogical analysis were as follows: color, texture, consistency, original rock and degree of change, mineralogy and micromorphology. The color is variable, depends on the constituent minerals and the degree of change. The texture is linked to the constituent minerals and their sizes, which depend on their degree of change. The consistency is dependent on the strength of the constituent minerals and the degree of change. The original rocks are quartzite and gneiss. The main minerals found were quartz, biotite, muscovite and kaolinite. The higher the clay percentage, the lower the consistency and the greater the degree of change. The presence of more resistant mineralsmakes pedogenesis difficult, resulting in more sandy profiles, with few clay minerals and without biological activity. In profiles that predominate quartz, despite the presence of this mineral, the degree of change is high.Keywords: Mineralogy; Micromorphology; Weathering material.
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Frost, R. L., P. A. Williams, and W. Martens. "Raman spectroscopy of the minerals boléite，cumengéite， diaboléte and phosgenite — implications for the analysis of cosmetics of antiquity." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 1 (February 2003): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036710088.
Abstract:
AbstractThe application of Raman spectroscopy to the study of the mixed cationic Pb-Cu and Pb-Cu-Ag minerals: boleite, cumengeite and diaboleite has enabled their molecular structures to be compared. Each of these three minerals shows different hydroxyl-stretching vibrational patterns, but some similarity exists in the Raman spectra of the hydroxyl-deformation modes. The low-wavenumber region is characterized by the bands assigned to the cation-chloride stretching and bending modes. Phosgenite is also a mixed chloride-carbonate mineral and a comparison is made with the molecular structure of the aforementioned minerals. Raman spectroscopy lends itself to the study of these types of minerals in complex mineral systems of secondary mineral formation.