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Journal articles on the topic 'Mineralogy New South Wales'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Singh, Balwant, and Susan Heffernan. "Layer charge characteristics of smectites from Vertosols (Vertisols) of New South Wales." Soil Research 40, no. 7 (2002): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02017.

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Premature senescence in cotton has been attributed to K deficiency in the cotton soils of Australia. The availability, release, and fixation of K+ in soils are mainly dependent on the clay mineralogy and layer charge characteristics of 2 : 1 clay minerals. There is a little information on the mineralogy and charge characteristics of the cotton growing soils (Vertosols) of Australia. The aims of this study were to determine the clay mineralogy, the layer charge density, and layer charge distribution of some cotton growing soils by chemical and X-ray diffraction methods.Most soil clays contain abundant smectite associated with small amounts of mica, kaolinite, and an interstratified mineral. The total layer charge as determined by the alkylammonium method ranged between 0.55 and 0.67 mol(–)/(O10(OH)2), indicating a high interlayer charge density. The layer charge of smectites from different valleys and for different size fractions was similar. The Greene-Kelly test showed that most of the charge originated in the tetrahedral sheet. The chemical analysis indicates that the smectite is an iron-rich beidellite, which has possibly formed from the weathering of mica.

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2

Birch, William D. "Broken Hill New South Wales, Australia: Its Contribution to Mineralogy." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.40-49.

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3

Stolz, A. J. "Mineralogy of the Nandewar Volcano, northeastern New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 356 (June 1986): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.07.

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AbstractThe paper discusses the mineralogy of eruptives from the Nandewar Volcano, which range in composition from hawaiite and trachyandesite to comendite via tristanite and mafic and peralkaline trachyte. Olivine, Ca-rich pyroxene, and amphibole display marked decreases in 100 Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios in the sequence trachyandesite to comendite, reflecting variation in host rock compositions. The presence of tscher-makitic subcalcic pyroxene and aluminous bronzite megacrysts in several trachyandesites indicates that these experienced intratelluric crystallization at elevated pressures (6–8 kbar). Some titanomagnetite and plagioclase phenocrysts in trachyandesites may also be moderate pressure cognate precipitates. Groundmass pyroxenes of some trachytes and comendites are strongly acmitic. The presence or absence of coexisting alkali amphiboles and aenigmatite appears to reflect stability over a relatively broad range of fO2 conditions. Aenigmatite rims on titanomagnetite and ilmenite microphenocrysts in several peralkaline eruptives provides support for a ‘no-oxide’ field in T-fO2 space. The Fe-Ti oxide compositional data indicate that magmas spanning the spectrum trachy-andesite-comendite crystallized under conditions of decreasing T and fO2 which broadly coincided with the FMQ synthetic buffer curve. However, a voluminous group of slightly older associated rhyolites appear to have crystallized under significantly more oxidizing conditions.

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4

Offler, R., D. J. Och, D. Phelan, and H. Zwingmann. "Mineralogy of gouge in north-northeast-striking faults, Sydney region, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 7 (October 2009): 889–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090903005352.

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5

Ellis, D. J., and M. Obata. "Migmatite and melt segregation at Cooma, New South Wales." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83, no. 1-2 (1992): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007781.

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ABSTRACTThe Cooma Complex of southeastern New South Wales comprises an andalusite-bearing S-type granodiorite surrounded by migmatites and low-pressure metamorphosed pelitic and psammitic sediments. The migmatite formed by the melting reaction:Biotite + Andalusite + K-feldspar + Quartz + V = Cordierite + Liquidat about 350–400 MPa , 670-730°C.The melanosome consists of biotite + cordierite + andalusite + K-feldspar + plagioclase + quartz + ilmenite, whereas the leucosome consists of cordierite + K-feldspar + quartz with extremely rare biotite and plagioclase. In a closed system, freezing of the leucosome melt patches should have resulted in cordierite back-reaction with melt to produce biotite and andalusite. The virtually anhydrous mineralogy of the leucosome patches, lack of cordierite reaction and the absence of biotite selvedges at the leucosome-melanosome contacts, indicates that the melt did not completely solidify in situ. These observations can be explained by an initial peritectic melting reaction in the migmatite being arrested from back-reaction upon cooling because of the removal of hydrous melt, enabling leucosome cordierite to escape back-reaction. We propose that the melanosome is the residue of partial melting but that the leucosome patches do not represent frozen melt segregations but rather the liquidus minerals (cumulates) which precipitated from the melt.In the restite-rich granodiorite from the core of the Cooma Complex, cordierite of similar composition to that in the migmatite has reaction rims of biotite and andalusite and there are coexisting biotite and andalusite in the matrix. The granodiorite consisted of about 50 wt% melt together with resite biotite, quartz and plagioclase, which can possibly be identified in the surrounding migmatite. Previous work suggested that the Cooma Granodiorite can be derived from a mixture of the surrounding metasediments which are of similar composition in the high and low-grade areas surrounding the granodiorite. Re-examinatibn of those data shows that the high-grade metasediments are more An-rich than the low-grade rocks. The Cooma Granodiorite is very similar to the high-grade rocks in terms of Or-Ab-An ratio. This suggests derivation of the Cooma Granodiorite from the high-grade rocks and not from the relatively An-poor low-grade rocks which are typical of exposed sediments in the Lachlan Fold Belt. It is most likely that the granodiorite and envelope of high-grade rocks have been emplaced into the compositionally different lower grade rocks from slightly greater depths.

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6

Tonui, Eric, Roger Jones, and Keith Scott. "Regolith mineralogy and geochemical dispersion at the Northparkes Cu–Au deposits, New South Wales, Australia." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 2, no. 4 (November 2002): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-011.

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7

Mckenzie, DC, TS Abbott, KY Chan, PG Slavich, and DJM Hall. "The nature, distribution and management of sodic soils in New-South-Wales." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930839.

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Accurate data on the distribution of the various types of sodic soils in New South Wales are not available. However, general observations suggest that large areas are affected by structural instability as a result of sodicity, particularly on grey clays and red-brown earths of the Murray-Darling Basin. There is a strong need for new sodicity surveys because the production of crops and pasture often is well below potential on these lands. Exchangeable sodium data on their own do not adequately describe sodic soil behaviour, so information is also required about related factors such as electrical conductivity, exchangeable magnesium, clay mineralogy, pH, calcium carbonate content, degree of remoulding, and the frequency of continuous stable macropores. Critical limits for sodicity that are used by soil management advisory services need to be redefined. Considerable research into the reclamation and management of sodic soils has occurred in the irrigation areas and rainfed cropping districts of the Murray-Darling Basin in New South Wales. Mined and by-product gypsum, and to a lesser extent lime, have been shown to greatly improve the physical condition and profitability of production from soils with a dispersive surface. However, the responses to these treatments are less likely to be economical when sodicity is confined to the subsoil. Adequate supplies of gypsum and lime are available in New South Wales, but further research is required to determine economically optimal and environmentally acceptable rates and frequencies of application, particle sizes and chemical compositions for different farming systems that utilize the various types of sodic soil.

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8

Lottermoser, Bernd G. "Natural enrichment of topsoils with chromium and other heavy metals, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 35, no. 5 (1997): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96108.

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Total heavy metal concentrations [cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper(Cu), iron (Fe), mangnese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)]were determined in surface soil samples from Port Macquarie, New South Wales,Australia. Composite topsoil samples (0–10 cm depth) had mean values(per kg) of 13 mg Co, 1020 mg Cr, 59 mg Cu, 136·7 g Fe, 719 mg Mn, 149mg Ni, 20 mg Pb, and 47 mg Zn. The topsoils were generally characterised by alow pH (3·8–5·2) and a mineralogy dominated by haematite,magnetite, quartz, and kaolinite. Chromium was predominantly present in thetopsoils as Cr3+ in microcrystalline chromite(FeCr2O4) and, to a lesser degree,in kaolinite and haematite. Differences in Cr soil concentrations with depthwere due to variations in the relative abundance of the various soilcomponents, rather than Cr3+ mobility within the soilprofile. The elevated heavy metal concentrations are the result of soildevelopment over metal-rich bedrock (serpentinite matrix melange) andassociated enrichment of relatively immobile elements (Cr, Fe, Ni) in theresidual soil profile. The ANZECC and NH&MRC (Australian and New ZealandEnvironment and Conservation Council and National Health & MedicalResearch Council) environmental investigation limits were exceeded for100% of the sample sites for Cr, 47% for Cu, 61% for Mn,and 58% for Ni.

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9

ROACH, I. C. "Mineralogy, Textures and P-T Relationships of a Suite of Xenoliths from the Monaro Volcanic Province, New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Petrology 45, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 739–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg108.

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10

Aylmore, Mark G., Jacobus J. Eksteen, Mike G. Jones, and Martin Wells. "The mineralogy and processing potential of the Commonwealth project in the Molong Volcanic Belt, central eastern New South Wales, Australia." Ore Geology Reviews 111 (August 2019): 102976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.102976.

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11

Sutton, Pat. "Paul Ramdohr in Australia: Contributions to Mineralogy, Mineragraphy, Ore Genesis and Meteoritics Resulting from His Three Visits." Historical Records of Australian Science 23, no. 2 (2012): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12007.

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Paul Ramdohr (1890-1985), celebrated mineralogist, ore-deposit researcher and pioneer of ore microscopy spent three periods in Australia that differed considerably from each other in nature and structure. He was a Principal Research Scientist specializing in microscopy and ore deposits for nine months with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in Melbourne in 1948-9. For three months in 1962 he was Visiting Professor of Geology at the University of New South Wales. On holiday in Adelaide and Sydney in December 1970 and January 1971, he negotiated an agreement as a result of which the Mundrabilla II meteorite was shipped to Heidelberg in Germany for slicing and distribution for research purposes. This study summarizes his activities and direct contributions to Australian mineralogy during and as a result of those visits.

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12

Bedrossian, Sevag, and Balwant Singh. "Potassium adsorption characteristics and potassium forms in some New South Wales soils in relation to early senescence in cotton." Soil Research 42, no. 7 (2004): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03143.

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The occurrence of premature senescence (PS) in cotton in Australia has been related to decreased potassium (K) concentration in the affected plants. Soil samples (0–120 cm) were taken from paired cotton fields, i.e. PS fields and similar soils not affected by PS (Non-PS fields), in northern New South Wales. The samples were analysed for different forms of K in soil, mineralogy of various size fractions, and K adsorption characteristics to evaluate differences in their K availability. Smectite was the dominant clay mineral in the studied soils. The K-bearing mineral illite was present in the clay fraction of all samples and its content was generally higher in soils from the Non-PS sites than the PS sites from Moree, Pilliga, and Warren. Water-soluble K (H2O-K) ranged from 0.03 to 2.64 mg/kg (median 0.35 mg/kg), exchangeable K (Exch-K) from 43 to 687 mg/kg (median 107 mg/kg), non-exchangeable K (Nonexch-K) from 164 to 1981 mg/kg (median 819 mg/kg), and total K (Total-K) from 16 811 to 23 207 mg/kg (median 14 740 mg/kg). The values of various K forms were generally higher in samples from the Non-PS fields than the PS fields from Pilliga and Warren sites and the reverse trend occurred for the samples from Trangie. Similar H2O-K and Exch-K values were found for the PS and Non-PS samples from Moree, whereas Nonexch-K and Total-K contents were higher in the top 60 cm soil depth from the Non-PS field than the PS field. The equilibrium activity ratio (ARKe) values were significantly higher for surface samples from the Non-PS sites than the PS sites from Pilliga and Warren and the reverse was true for the Trangie site. There was a sharp decrease in ARKe with depth for the studied samples. The potential buffering capacity (PBCK) for both surface and subsurface samples from the Non-PS site (mean 31.5 (mmol/kg)/(mol/L)1/2) from Trangie was substantially higher than the corresponding samples from the PS sites (mean 14.7 (mmol/kg)/(mol/L)1/2). There was a significant increase in K adsorption for the subsurface samples than the surface samples for all sites, as indicated by the higher values of Freundlich adsorption coefficient, k. At the Pilliga and Warren sites, the occurrence of premature senescence in cotton plants can be explained on the basis of differences in the levels of different forms of K, mineralogy, and K adsorption characteristics of soils from the PS and Non-PS fields. At the Moree site, higher illite content in the Non-PS than the PS soil may explain the difference in their K availability. For the paired Trangie samples, greater PBCK of the Non-PS soil than the PS soil may be responsible for increased K availability in the Non-PS soil. The occurrence of PS symptoms in cotton at Narrabri site cannot be directly contributed to K supplying parameters analysed in the study. The results also show that Exch-K alone may not be adequate to measure K availability to cotton in these soils.

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13

Melis, M. I., and R. I. Acworth. "An aeolian component in Pleistocene and Holocene valley aggradation: evidence from Dicks Creek catchment, Yass, New South Wales." Soil Research 39, no. 1 (2001): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99099.

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Four late Quaternary depositional units are identified overlying sub-vertically dipping Ordovician bedrock in the upper reaches of the Dicks Creek catchment, near Yass in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales. The units are spatially discontinuous and separated from each other by erosional unconformities. They are found only on the lower slopes and in the valley floors, often exposed by recent gully erosion. The oldest unit (Unit 4) is a competent consolidated well-sorted fine to medium silt that unconformably overlies bedrock. It often forms the base to erosion gullies. Unit 3 is strongly dispersible and frequently has the characteristics of a debris flow. Unit 3 is particularly prone to sheet erosion and exhibits a high risk of dryland salinity development. Unit 2 is light to dark grey, poorly sorted, and often contains irregularly dispersed charcoal. Unit 2 is unconformably overlain by a predominantly pale yellow sand (Unit 1) that shows clear evidence of very recent deposition. Physical and chemical characteristics of Units 2, 3, and 4 suggest an aeolian component. The silt size (4–8 on phi scale) fraction of Unit 4 is often >70% of the total mass, with grain sizes consistent with an origin as aeolian dust. Unit 3 is yellow brown in colour and often has the characteristics of a diamict with a major grain size component similar in size to Unit 4. Unit 2 is typically uniform in appearance and contains a predominantly kaolinite and illite clay mineralogy that contrasts strongly with a predominance of quartz in the underlying bedrock. A simple sediment budget indicates that the volume of Unit 2 could be accounted for by a combination of sheet and rill erosion within the catchment and additional aeolian deposition in the order of 4–8 t/km 2 year. Radiocarbon dates for charcoal recovered from Unit 2 indicate that some deposition was associated with cooler, drier conditions of the late Holocene ‘Little Ice Age’, approximately 200–600 years ago.

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14

Little, IP, AJ Ringrose-Voase, and WT Ward. "Surface structure in gray clays of northwestern New South Wales in relation to micromorphology, cation suite and particle size attributes." Soil Research 30, no. 1 (1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920001.

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Considerable differences in surface structure (0-100 mm) were observed in the field in two adjacent areas of grey clays near Narrabri, N.S.W. The absence of any differences in clay mineralogy and granulometry of the sand fraction supported the field assessment that both types of soil were similar in provenance. A transect of soil profiles including seven with poor structure and five with well-structured surface horizons was examined. The field observations of structure were supported by photographs of the surface, and water entry after rain. Micromorphological examination showed that closely spaced porphyric to adporphyric fabric in the poorly structured soils contributed to poor structure, highlighting the importance of textural attributes. The well-structured soils had a more widely spaced porphyric fabric. A measure of dispersibility depending on clay content and exchangeable plus soluble Na, Ca and Mg tallied very well with the field assessment of soil structure. Five groups were obtained from a euclidean distance/flexible sort strategy on the basis of cation suite, carbon content and particle size attributes. The groups identified areas of poor structure very well and the groups appear to be discriminated mainly on the basis of differences in Na, Ca and clay content. Treating the transect as a continuum of soils of very poor structure at site 1 grading to very good at site 12 showed that greater values for Ca, K, and clay were associated with good structure and greater values for Mg, C and silt were associated with poor structure. The sodium adsorption ratio and ionic strength of the soil solution were not on their own good predictors of structural behaviour possibly due to the independent contribution of Ca and Mg in this respect.

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15

LaBranche, Nikky, Kellie Teale, Elaine Wightman, Kelly Johnstone, and David Cliff. "Characterization Analysis of Airborne Particulates from Australian Underground Coal Mines Using the Mineral Liberation Analyser." Minerals 12, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070796.

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Exposure monitoring and health surveillance of coal mine workers has been improved in Australia since coal workers’ pneumoconiosis was reidentified in 2015 in Queensland. Regional variations in the prevalence of mine dust lung disease have been observed, prompting a more detailed look into the size, shape, and mineralogical classes of the dust that workers are being exposed to. This study collected respirable samples of ambient air from three operating coal mines in Queensland and New South Wales for characterization analysis using the Mineral Liberation Analyser (MLA), a type of scanning electron microscope (SEM) that uses a combination of the backscattered electron (BSE) image and characteristic X-rays for mineral identification. This research identified 25 different minerals present in the coal samples with varying particle size distributions for the overall samples and the individual mineralogies. While Mine 8 was very consistent in mineralogy with a high carbon content, Mine 6 and 7 were found to differ more significantly by location within the mine.

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16

Oskierski, Hans C., Judy G. Bailey, Eric M. Kennedy, Geraldine Jacobsen, Paul M. Ashley, and Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski. "Formation of weathering-derived magnesite deposits in the New England Orogen, New South Wales, Australia: Implications from mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the Attunga magnesite deposit." Mineralium Deposita 48, no. 4 (September 9, 2012): 525–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-012-0440-5.

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17

Holland, Jonathan, Mark Conyers, Beverley Orchard, and Graeme Poile. "Soil potassium relationships, uptake efficiency and availability for six distinctive soils in central and southern New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 52, no. 2 (2014): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13171.

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Most soils in eastern Australian contain abundant soil potassium (K) reserves, and it is often assumed that there are no problems with soil K status. However, soil K deficiency has been reported in selected locations, and for viticulture, there are potential problems with high soil K concentrations due to the application of winery wastewater. This study investigated different soil K variables and plant variables for six soils with distinctive properties from across central and southern New South Wales to determine the presence of soil K deficiency and to understand the effect of adding K on the dynamics of soil K availability. A glasshouse experiment compared the selected soils under three fertiliser K rates with forage kale as the test species. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were found for soil and fertiliser K rate effects for three measures of soil K (solution K, soln K; exchangeable K, exch. K; tetraphenyl borate K; TBK). Significant soil and fertiliser rate effects were detected (P < 0.001 and P = 0.04 respectively) for the plant shoot (stem and leaf) biomass and nutrient uptake efficiency (UPE) index, but no plant K deficiency was detected; in fact, luxury K consumption was likely. Quantification of K efficiency indices (UPE and utilisation efficiency, UTE) demonstrated significant differences between the soils in the ease with which K was removed. This was illustrated by the negative correlation between both UPE and UTE with final exch. K. From soil properties potentially related to soil K variables, a significant linear regression relationship (P = 0.05) was found for TBK with illite and clay content. By contrast, a linear regression relationship between exch. K and illite content only was weaker (P = 0.09). These relationships show how soil properties (especially mineralogy) can predict soil K variables. A significant positive log–log relationship was found between exch. K or TBK for 37 Queensland soils and the same soil K measures from this study, consistent with this relationship. This relationship indicates that TBK can be effectively predicted from measuring exch. K for a wide range of soils across eastern Australia, but more research is required to understand the value of TBK to predict soil K availability.

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18

Indraratna, B., I. Gasson, and R. N. Chowdhury. "Utilization of compacted coal tailings as a structural fill." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 614–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-074.

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Detailed laboratory investigations were conducted on coal tailings produced at Westcliff Colliery, New South Wales, Australia. Geotechnical tests were conducted to determine the particle-size distribution, mineralogy, compaction characteristics, compressive strength (California bearing ratio), shear resistance, and collapse potential. The tests show that compacted tailings have good potential as effective fill for embankments, tailings dams, mine access roads, and pavements. Large-scale utilization of these tailings for rehabilitation of subsidence-affected areas and mine backfill is particularly encouraging. It is demonstrated that this waste material can be efficiently compacted to produce acceptable engineering properties over a wide range of water contents. Although the behaviour of one specific type of tailings cannot be generalized to the diverse composition of other coal tailings, the results of this study assist in the interpretation of geotechnical data associated with nonconventional fill. The use of geotextiles in the stabilization of tailings is presented. The effect of moisture content and the number of geotextile layers on the shear strength parameters is investigated, and the influence of geotextiles on the failure modes of triaxial specimens is also discussed. Key words : California bearing ratio, coal tailings, compaction, geotextiles, structural fill, triaxial testing.

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19

Smith, I. E. M., A. J. R. White, B. W. Chappell, and R. A. Eggleton. "Fractionation in a zoned monzonite pluton: Mount Dromedary, southeastern Australia." Geological Magazine 125, no. 3 (May 1988): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800010219.

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AbstractMount Dromedary pluton is one of several predominantly monzonite plutons and smaller intrusive bodies which constitute the Dromedary igneous complex in southeastern New South Wales. The pluton exhibits a striking arrangement of petrographically, but not always chemically, distinct zones ranging from mafic monzonite at the outside to quartz monzonite in the centre. The rocks display a mineralogical and geochemical integrity which indicates a consanguineous relationship. Minor compositional discontinuities between zones, together with observed and inferred minor intrusive zone boundaries, suggest that each zone has to some extent evolved independently. Negative Eu anomalies in REE abundance patterns show that some of the zones have been affected by fractionation of feldspar, but complementary accumulates are not found at the present levels of exposure. The pattern of zoning can be explained by a process of shallow fractional crystallization in which variations within zones are the result of lateral accretion of alkali feldspar as well as settling and/or lateral accretion of mafic phases at lower levels in the intrusion and upward displacement of fractionated magma. The parental magma of the pluton probaby originated by partial melting of an alkali basalt composition with an amphibolite mineralogy at the base of the crust.

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20

Mashifana, Tebogo, and Nastassia Sithole. "Potential Beneficiation of Readily Available Gold Tailings and Paper Wastes: Development of a New Building Material." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 46, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2020.350.

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Gold mine tailings (GMT) generated from gold mining processes are readily available in South Africa. The generated GMT is disposed to the environment by land filling. This occupies considerable land area, which subsequently results into environmental pollution. Numerous industries use paper for a number of applications on daily basis and its generation is inevitable. Unrecycled paper ends up in the landfill, which has a negative impact on the environment, as it is not degradable. This study investigated the blending of GMT and waste paper for the production of building bricks (papercrete). The chemical composition of GMT in terms of elemental, mineralogy and micrograph before and after paper stabilization was examined. Developed composites were cured for 7, 14, 21, 28 days, and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and absorption tests were conducted. The results obtained showed an improvement in both the UCS and the water absorption of the bricks with the increment in curing period. The brick cured for 28 days had the highest UCS of 7.76 MPa and the lowest water absorption of 80.43% when compared to the bricks cured for 7,14 and 21 days. The developed papercrete was relatively light in weight; however, they proved not to be suitable for outdoor walls and water logging areas due to their high capability to absorb water.

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Turvey, Connor C., Siobhan A. Wilson, Jessica L. Hamilton, Alastair W. Tait, Jenine McCutcheon, Andreas Beinlich, Stewart J. Fallon, Gregory M. Dipple, and Gordon Southam. "Hydrotalcites and hydrated Mg-carbonates as carbon sinks in serpentinite mineral wastes from the Woodsreef chrysotile mine, New South Wales, Australia: Controls on carbonate mineralogy and efficiency of CO2 air capture in mine tailings." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 79 (December 2018): 38–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.015.

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22

Hulugalle, N. R. "Maximum ambient temperature can influence carbon storage in Vertosols sown with cotton-based farming systems." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 8 (2013): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13139.

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Partial mitigation of global warming caused by accelerated emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide may be possible by storing atmospheric carbon in soils. Carbon storage is influenced by processes and properties that affect soil aggregation, such as clay and silt concentrations and mineralogy, intensity and frequency of wet/dry cycles, and microbial activity. Microbial activity, in turn, is influenced by factors such as temperature, nutrient and water availability, and residue quality. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of average annual maximum temperature on soil carbon storage in Vertosols under cotton-based farming systems. This paper reports a re-evaluation of results obtained from a series of experiments on cotton-farming systems conducted in eastern Australia between 1993 and 2010. The experimental sites were in the Macquarie and Namoi Valleys of New South Wales, and the Darling Downs and Central Highlands of Queensland. Average soil organic carbon storage in the 0–0.6 m depth was highest in a Black Vertosol in Central Queensland and lowest in a Grey Vertosol that was irrigated with treated sewage effluent at Narrabri. At other sites, average values were generally comparable and ranged from 65 to 85 t C/ha. Climatic parameters such as ambient maximum temperature, Tmax, and rainfall at rainfed sites (but not irrigated sites) were also related to soil organic carbon storage. At most sites, variations in carbon storage with average ambient maximum temperature were described by Gaussian models or bell-shaped curves, which are characteristic of microbial decomposition. Carbon storage occurred at peak rates only for a very limited temperature range at any one site, with these temperatures increasing with decreasing distance from the equator. The exception was a site near Narrabri that was irrigated with treated sewage effluent, where the relationship between soil organic carbon and Tmax was linear. The decrease or absence of change in soil carbon storage with time reported in many Australian studies of annual cropping systems may be due to carbon storage occurring within a limited temperature range, whereas intra-seasonal average maximum temperatures can range widely. Further research needs to be conducted under field conditions to confirm these observations.

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23

Scalmer, Sean. "New South Wales." Australian Journal of Politics & History 50, no. 2 (June 2004): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.2004.247_2.x.

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24

Thompson, Elaine. "New South Wales." Australian Cultural History 27, no. 2 (October 2009): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07288430903164827.

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Jones, P. A. "New South Wales." Australian Endodontic Newsletter 14, no. 2 (February 11, 2010): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.1988.tb00782.x.

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Ferguson, Lorraine. "New South Wales." Australian Critical Care 5, no. 2 (June 1992): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(92)70046-0.

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Ferguson, Lorraine. "New South Wales." Australian Critical Care 5, no. 3 (September 1992): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(92)70057-5.

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Ferguson, Lorraine. "New South Wales." Australian Critical Care 5, no. 4 (December 1992): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(92)70070-8.

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Robertson, Sally. "New South Wales." Australian Critical Care 6, no. 1 (March 1993): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(93)70101-0.

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Robertson, Sally. "New South Wales." Australian Critical Care 6, no. 2 (June 1993): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(93)70121-6.

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Ferguson, Lorraine. "New South Wales." Australian Critical Care 6, no. 3 (September 1993): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(93)70156-3.

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Robertson, Sally. "New South Wales." Australian Critical Care 6, no. 4 (December 1993): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(93)70180-0.

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Chadwick, Virginia. "New South Wales." Children Australia 15, no. 2 (1990): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200002777.

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D'Elmaine, Judith. "New South Wales." Australian College of Midwives Incorporated Journal 6, no. 1 (March 1993): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1031-170x(05)80095-9.

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Maxwell, Catherine. "New South Wales." Australian College of Midwives Incorporated Journal 5, no. 2 (June 1992): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1031-170x(05)80110-2.

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Maxwell, C. "New South Wales." Australian College of Midwives Incorporated Journal 5, no. 4 (December 1992): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1031-170x(05)80185-0.

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Maxwell, Catherine. "New South Wales." Australian College of Midwives Incorporated Journal 5, no. 1 (March 1992): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1031-170x(05)80200-4.

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Haertsch, Maggie. "New South Wales." Australian College of Midwives Incorporated Journal 4, no. 2 (September 1991): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1031-170x(05)80251-x.

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Case, Peter. "New South Wales." Australian Endodontic Journal 38, no. 3 (December 2012): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aej.12005.

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Case, Peter. "New South Wales." Australian Endodontic Journal 39, no. 1 (April 2013): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aej.12024.

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Ikram, Omar. "New South Wales." Australian Endodontic Journal 39, no. 2 (July 28, 2013): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aej.12034.

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Ikram, Omar. "New South Wales." Australian Endodontic Journal 39, no. 3 (November 27, 2013): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aej.12047.

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Ikram, Omar. "New South Wales." Australian Endodontic Journal 40, no. 1 (April 2014): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aej.12061.

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Ikram, Omar. "New South Wales." Australian Endodontic Journal 40, no. 2 (August 2014): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aej.12082.

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Ikram, Omar. "New South Wales." Australian Endodontic Journal 40, no. 3 (December 2014): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aej.12092.

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"NEW SOUTH WALES." Australian Journal of Politics & History 3, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1957.tb00371.x.

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"NEW SOUTH WALES." Australian Journal of Politics & History 3, no. 2 (April 7, 2008): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1958.tb00386.x.

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"NEW SOUTH WALES." Australian Journal of Politics & History 4, no. 2 (April 7, 2008): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1958.tb00402.x.

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"NEW SOUTH WALES." Australian Journal of Politics & History 10, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1964.tb00736.x.

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"NEW SOUTH WALES." Australian Journal of Politics & History 10, no. 2 (April 7, 2008): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1964.tb00752.x.

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