Academic literature on the topic 'Mineralisation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Mineralisation"

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Roberts, Fiona, Greg Markby, Scott Dillon, Colin Farquharson, and Vicky E. MacRae. "Beyond mineralisation: metabolic functions for matrix mineralisation regulators." Journal of Endocrinology 245, no. 2 (May 2020): R11—R22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-19-0460.

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The physiological mineralisation of skeletal tissues, as well as the pathological mineralisation of soft tissues involves a fine balance between regulators that either promote or inhibit the process. In recent years, several studies have advocated a non-skeletal role for some of these mineralisation regulators in a range of human diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity and neurodegenerative disease. This is an emerging area of interest and the functional roles and mechanisms of action of these various endocrine factors, phosphatases and phosphodiesterase’s in important pathologies are the focus of this review. Mechanistic insight of the pathways through which these acknowledged regulators of skeletal mineralisation act beyond the skeleton has the potential to identify druggable targets for commonly experienced morbidities, notably those related to metabolism and metabolic syndrome.
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Currey, J. D. "The design of mineralised hard tissues for their mechanical functions." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 23 (December 1, 1999): 3285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.23.3285.

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Most hard tissues have as their primary purpose to be stiff. Outside the arthropods, mineralisation of a soft organic matrix is the almost universal method of producing high stiffness. However, stiffening brings with it the undesirable mechanical result of brittleness (lack of toughness). The mineralisation of some tissues, such as bone and dentine, can be modified rather easily, in evolutionary terms, to produce the optimum mix of stiffness with bending strength (which, except at the highest mineralisations, go together) on one hand and toughness on the other hand. However, in most other tissues, such as mollusc shell, echinoderm skeleton, brachiopod shell, barnacle shell and enamel, mineralisation is almost all-or-none, and no subtle gradations seem possible. In such cases, other features, such as architecture, must be modified to produce a useful skeleton. Not only the mechanical properties of the skeletal tissue, but its cost, mass and time taken for production will, biologists tend to assume, be balanced by natural selection to produce a satisfactory result. However, such complexity makes it difficult to be sure that we understand the extent to which mineralised skeletal materials are the best possible solution to the problems facing the animals and that we are not just telling ‘Just-So’ stories. Furthermore, there are some skeletal materials that do not seem to make much sense at the moment, although no doubt all will become clear eventually.
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Bianchini Jr., I., RH Silva, MB Cunha-Santino, and RS Panhota. "Aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of Pistia stratiotes leachates from a tropical eutrophic reservoir (Barra Bonita, SP, Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 3 (August 2010): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000300012.

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The present study discussed the kinetic aspects of leachate decomposition from an aquatic macrophyte, Pistia stratiotes L (water lettuce). This species was collected from Barra Bonita Reservoir located in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). Decomposition chambers were prepared with high molecular weight (HMW), low molecular weight (LMW) and integral (INT = HMW + LMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) diluted with reservoir water. The samples were incubated at 20 °C, in darkness and under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. For 79 days, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and organic carbon (OC) were measured. For calculating the deoxygenation coefficients (k d) and maximum oxygen consumption (COmax) the concentration of DO was integrated and fitted to a first-order kinetics model, which also applied to the depletion of OC concentrations. The COmax of INT incubations were 4% higher than the sum of HMW and LMW fractions. The deoxygenation coefficients, k d, had the same order of magnitude for all treatments. In relation to carbon decay, regardless of the availability of oxygen, the INT DOM also showed higher mineralisation. These results suggest that the leachate mineralisations are short-term processes; when the fractionation of the leachates occurs, the LMW had organic compounds with more accessibility for heterotrophic metabolism. On the other hand, when compared to INT DOM, the HMW and LMW were less consumed suggesting an interaction of the reactivity of the leachate. Our data suggest that in the Barra Bonita Reservoir the mineralisation of P. stratiotes leachates occurs through two competitive pathways (i.e. mineralisation of the labile compounds and formation of recalcitrant organic resources and their mineralisation) in which the oxygen availability and the molecular mass of DOM can interfere in the rates of reactions.
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Padhi, Ajoy Kumar, Mrinal Kanti Mukherjee, Brajesh Kumar Tripathi, Dheeraj Pande, Balbir Singh Bisht, and Bhabesh Chandra Sarkar. "Polymetallic Uranium Mineralisation in Rohil, Rajasthan, Western India: Insights from Mode of Occurrences, Structural Controls, Alteration Geochemistry and Exploration." Minerals 13, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13040555.

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Geological and radiometric studies of outcrops aided by extensive subsurface exploration through drill holes in an otherwise soil-covered terrain revealed the existence of low grades, medium tonnage, and metasomatite types of polymetallic uranium deposits at Rohil in India. Microscopic studies, electronprobe micro analyses, and geochemical analyses of samples from lodes indicate the polymetallic nature of mineralisation involving copper and molybdenum, in addition to uranium. Wide variations in the composition of fluid (S-, F-, P-, and O-rich) led to the formation of sulphides, fluorite, U-phosphosilicate, quartz, and magnetite, respectively, and are associated with uraninite. Litho-geochemical analyses from the Rohil deposit indicate multifarious metasomatic alterations associated with polymetallic mineralisation occurring in veins. The major mineralogical and metasomatic controls on rock compositions and the extent of material transfer processes that influenced the host rocks and mineralisati on are quantified by molar element ratio studies and alteration plots. General element ratio (GER) diagrams on chemical analyses of rock samples reveal albitisation and chloritisation as major and microclinisation, sericitisation, carbonatisation, and silicification as minor wall rock alterations associated with ore mineralisation. The alteration box plot between the chlorite–carbonate–pyrite index (CCPI) and the Ishikawa alteration index (AI) indicates the influence of hydrothermal activity and dominance of both albitisation and chloritisation. The ore zone is controlled by meso- and microstructures and the geometry of the soda- and potash-metasomatised zone around hydrothermal veins. This zone contains several anastomosing mineralised veins defined by a prominent joint that is set in quartzite that strikes subparallel to the axial surface of the F2 isoclinal folds and the pervasive schistosity S1 in the quartz–feldspar–biotite schist. Aventurisation of albite and microcline, established through electron probe micro analyses, can be considered as a pathfinder for uranium mineralisation. The close association of uranium and metallic sulphide mineralisation with microstructural, mineralogical (albitisation, chloritisation, and microclinisation), and geochemical variations can be applied as suitable exploration guides in a similar geological set-up worldwide.
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Sierra, J. "Nitrogen mineralisation and its error of estimation under field conditions related to the light-fraction soil organic matter." Soil Research 34, no. 5 (1996): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960755.

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In situ, incubations of intact soil cores were carried out to identify factors controlling nitrogen (N) mineralisation and its spatial variability under field conditions. The analysed factors were soil moisture, temperature, and the content of light-fraction (density ≤ 2 Mg/m3) organic carbon (LC) contained in the soil. The error associated with the estimate of in situ N mineralisation was analysed using undisturbed samples in laboratory incubations. The coefficient of variation of in situ N mineralisation ranged from 58 to 234%. Nitrogen and LC mineralisation in the field showed a similar temporal pattern. The major factor affecting this pattern was soil temperature, soil moisture being near the optimum level throughout the experiment. The rate of N mineralisation during an incubation period was correlated with the content of LC at the beginning of the period; this factor explained 40–50% of the variation in N mineralisation. At a low rate of N mineralisation, a large proportion of the spatial variability was attributed to the error of estimation. From the relationship between N mineralisation and LC content, we estimated the rate constant k which could be expressed as a function of soil temperature. Within the observed temperature range (daily mean average 11–17°C), the Q10 (temperature coefficient) of in situ N mineralisation was 1.5. Negative values of N mineralisation were associated with the lower LC content of each period, indicating the presence of an immobilisation process, or that a proportion of LC was not involved in N mineralisation.
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Stenger, R., G. F. Barkle, and C. P. Burgess. "Mineralisation of organic matter in intact versus sieved/refilled soil cores." Soil Research 40, no. 1 (2002): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01003.

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In a 6-month laboratory incubation study, we compared the net C and N mineralisation of the soil organic matter (SOM) of 3 pasture soils and the mineralisation of glucose-C in intact versus sieved/refilled soil cores. The main questions were whether the net C and N mineralisation differed between intact and sieved/refilled soil cores after a conditioning period of 4 weeks, and how much the C and N mineralisation of SOM differed among the similarly managed pasture soils. Apart from the net nitrogen mineralisation in one soil, there were no significant differences in cumulated mineralisation of C or N from SOM between the core types. In a fine-textured soil, net mineralisation of glucose-C differed significantly between core types, which was attributed to the different distribution of the amended glucose in intact and sieved/refilled cores. Net C and N mineralisation of SOM were closely correlated in the sieved/refilled cores, whereas no significant correlation was found in the intact cores. Expressing net C and N mineralisation as percentages of total soil C and N showed a more than 2-fold maximum difference between the soils in spite of similar long-term organic matter input. Subsequent studies should be done using more replicates and wider diameter, better controllable cores on ceramic plates. CO2, net nitrogen mineralisation (NNM), soil microbial biomass.
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Brackin, Richard, Scott Buckley, Rhys Pirie, and Francois Visser. "Predicting nitrogen mineralisation in Australian irrigated cotton cropping systems." Soil Research 57, no. 3 (2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18207.

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Cotton cropping systems in Australia have poor nitrogen (N) use efficiency, largely due to over-application of N fertiliser. The N mineralisation from soil organic N reserves is often overlooked, or underestimated despite recent studies indicating that it may contribute the majority of N exported with the crop. Predicting N mineralisation is a major challenge for agricultural industries worldwide, as direct measurements are time-consuming and expensive, but there is considerable debate as to the most reliable methods for indirect estimation. Additionally, laboratory incubations assess potential (rather than actual) mineralisation, and may not be representative of N cycling rates in the field. We collected 177 samples from most major Australian cotton growing regions, and assessed their mineralisation potential using ex situ laboratory incubations, along with an assessment of potential indicators routinely measured in soil nutrient tests. Additionally, at three unfertilised sites we conducted in situ assessment of mineralisation by quantifying soil N at the beginning of the growing season, and soil and crop N at the end of the season. We found that Australian cotton cropping soils had substantial mineralisation potential, and that soil total N and total carbon were correlated with mineralisation, and have potential to be used for prediction. Other potential indicators such as carbon dioxide production and ammonium and nitrate concentrations were not correlated with mineralisation. In parallel studies of ex situ and in situ mineralisation, we found ex situ laboratory incubations overestimated mineralisation by 1.7 times on average. We discuss findings in terms of management implications for Australian cotton farming systems.
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Parfitt, R. L., and G. J. Salt. "Carbon and nitrogen mineralisation in sand, silt, and clay fractions of soils under maize and pasture." Soil Research 39, no. 2 (2001): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00028.

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Although several studies have quantified either C mineralisation or net N mineralisation in particle-size fractions, no work has examined simultaneous C and net N mineralisation. Therefore, we conducted an 18-week laboratory incubation to compare simultaneous mineralisation in sand, silt, and clay fractions. The soils (silt loams) were collected from fields of long-term pasture and maize. Sand, silt, and clay were separated by mild dispersion in water followed by centrifugation. Samples were incubated at 25°C in the dark in a quartz matrix, and were leached every 2 weeks with 0.004 M CaCl 2 at a suction of 20 kPa to remove soluble products. C mineralisation was determined from CO 2 -C evolved each 2 weeks, and mineral N was measured in the leachate. C mineralisation, on a C basis, followed the order sand > clay > silt, and was related (r 2 = 0.88) to the proportion of O-alkyl C (carbohydrate C) estimated from 13 C NMR. The low mineralisation in the silt may also have been a result of the physical protection of substrates in small pores in this fraction. The rates of N release were initially rapid from the maize soil fractions, and were consistent with the high initial mineral-N contents; subsequently, the rates were slower, and probably related to C mineralisation. For the pasture soil, N mineralisation followed the order clay>silt>sand, and was inversely related to the C: N ratios. Immobilisation appeared to take place in the sand fraction, whereas a large part of the net N mineralisation occurred in the clay fraction. There is now good evidence that rates of C and net N mineralisation differ within discrete particle size fractions, and data on such fractions could be useful for constructing soil organic matter models.
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Franzmann, P. D., L. R. Zappia, B. M. Patterson, J. L. Rayner, and G. B. Davis. "Mineralisation of low concentrations of organic compounds and microbial biomass in surface and vadose zone soils from the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia." Soil Research 36, no. 6 (1998): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97116.

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Mineralisation rates for ring-labelled 14C-atrazine, benzene, and toluene were determined for a number of Swan Coastal Plain soils which had not been previously in contact with these contaminants. Microbial biomass was estimated by phospholipid techniques in soil samples from the same sites. Mineralisation rates for the volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in the thin (up to 30 cm) surface soils (23·4-42·6 µmol/kg · day when fitted to zeroth-order rate kinetics) were appreciably faster than the mineralisation rates measured in soils collected from a depth of 1 m (0·11-3·0 µmol/kg · day). The pesticide atrazine was degraded slowly, with degradation rates in surface soils ranging from 1·22×10-3 to 2·78×10-4 µmol/kg · day, and those in soils at 1 m ranging from 5· 13×10-4 to 3·16×10-4 mol/kg · day. When mineralisation data were fitted to first-order kinetics then half-lives for atrazine mineralisation ranged from about 1 year in surface soils to 3·1-5·1 years in soils at 1 m. These rates were comparable to atrazine mineralisation rates measured in soils that had not been previously in contact with atrazine, as reported by others. The extent of mineralisation of the organic compounds v. time generally fitted better to zeroth-order kinetics than to first-order kinetics. Confidence in the determination of the mineralisation rate at slow rates of mineralisation was low (r2 as low as 0·2 in plots of the extent of mineralisation v. time in zeroth-order and first-order plots for samples that showed slow mineralisation). Biomass, expressed as stationary phase Escherichia coli equivalents (SPEE), ranged from 1·4 ×107 to 1·2×108 SPEE/g dry weight for surface soils, and from 8·6×105 to 7·3×106 SPEE/g dry weight for soils at 1 m. The phospholipids extracted from surface soils tended to contain higher proportions of unsaturated and hydroxy fatty acids than soils at 1 m, which contained higher relative concentrations of branched fatty acids, which is consistent with the microbiota moving, with greater depth, from a Gram-negative to a more Gram-positive dominated population. Biomass correlated well with mineralisation rates of the volatile aromatic compounds (r2 = 0·96) but less so with atrazine mineralisation rates (r2 = 0·86), although further experiments would be required to determine if biomass was consistently a good predictor of mineralisation rate for these organic contaminants. The results suggest that it is important to maintain a fertile, ‘microbially rich’ soil in order to maximise the potential for mineralisation of organic contaminants above groundwater resources. The mineralisation rate measurements for atrazine obtained in this study should be useful in models for the prediction of the contamination threat to groundwater resources.
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Angus, JF, M. Ohnishi, T. Horie, and RL Williams. "A preliminary study to predict net nitrogen mineralisation in a flooded rice soil using anaerobic incubation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940995.

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Complementary field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine whether laboratory measurements of net nitrogen (N) mineralisation under anaerobic conditions could be used to predict field rates in a flooded soil and N uptake by a rice crop. The laboratory experiment consisted of measurements of ammonium accumulation at 10, 20, 30, and 40�C for 7, 14, and 28 days of anaerobic incubation. There was no accumulation of ammonium at 10�C, but increasing ammonification rate at temperatures of 20�C was observed, except for a slower rate at 40�C after 14 days. Two models were tested on the data: a zero-order reaction in which rate of mineralisation was a linear function of temperature; a first-order reaction in which net N mineralisation rate was a proportion of a depleting pool of labile organic N. In the second model, the rate was also linearly related to temperature. Both models fitted the laboratory data well (R2 = 0.94 and 0.97, respectively), but the second model accounted better for mineralisation at 40�C for the 28-day incubation. These models were then run, using daily mean temperatures over a rice-growing season, to predict net mineralisation in the field. The predictions were compared with measured net N mineralisation in a flooded soil and N uptake by the crop measured throughout the season in the field from which the incubated soil was sampled. Net N mineralisation and crop uptake increased throughout the season, reaching maximum values of 115 and 111 kg N/ha at maturity. The zero-order and first-order models both predicted net N mineralisation accurately until the middle of the season, after which the zero-order model overestimated net N mineralisation but the first-order model predicted the reduction in the rate of net N mineralisation with reasonable accuracy. The close agreement between the laboratory incubations and field measurements of net mineralisation and crop N uptake suggest that incubation tests may provide useful information for including in a model to assist rice growers' decisions about N fertiliser.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mineralisation"

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Gray, C. J. "Lithogeochemical aureoles to Irish mineralisation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381482.

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Brookshaw, Diana Roumenova. "Mineralisation and biomineralisation of radionuclides." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mineralisation-and-biomineralisation-of-radionuclides(6c4c0f0e-96f6-4960-a1aa-9c0aa6eaa126).html.

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Management of contamination from industrial activities and wastes from nuclear power generation and weapons development are arguably amongst the greatest challenges facing humanity currently and into the future. Understanding the mobility of toxic radioactive elements is essential for successful remediation strategies and safe management of our nuclear waste legacy (DEFRA, 2008). Interactions between minerals and radionuclides, such as sorption and precipitation, govern the mobility of the contaminants through the subsurface environment. Microbial metabolic processes (redox cycling or release of metabolites) have the potential to affect drastically these abiotic interactions. Microbially-driven mineralisation processes could provide long-term solid-phase-capture solutions to radionuclide contamination problems and support safety cases for geological disposal of radioactive waste. The recent advancements at the intersection between mineralogy, microbiology and radiochemistry were reviewed with the aid of a cluster analysis (Self-Organising Map). This is a relatively novel method of creating a map of the ‘research landscape’ which provides a visual summary of the reviewed literature and can help to identify areas of promising and active research as well as less researched interdisciplinary areas. It is the first time this tool has been applied to research literature on this interdisciplinary topic, and it highlighted the need to gain further understanding of ternary systems including bacteria, minerals and radionuclides. The analysis showed that phyllosilicates are of interest, but few studies have explored the properties of the Fe(II)/Fe(III)-containing micas biotite and chlorite. The ability of model Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms to reduce Fe(III) in biotite and chlorite was demonstrated in batch model systems. In chlorite, approximately 20% and in biotite ~40% of the bulk Fe(III) was transformed to Fe(II) by this reduction. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show the availability of Fe(III) in biotite for such reduction and the ability of the model organism Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to conserve energy for growth using Fe(III) in biotite as the sole electron acceptor. The microbial Fe(III) reduction led to a decrease in the sorption of Cs and Sr by chlorite, but had very little effect on sorption to biotite. The data indicate that remediation strategies based on microbial Fe(III) reduction may exacerbate the movement of Cs and Sr through strata where sorption is dominated by phyllosilicates, particularly chlorite. While microbial Fe(III) reduction had only a slight effect on the sorption properties of biotite and chlorite, it drastically altered their redox properties. Previously bioreduced biotite and chlorite readily removed Cr(VI), Tc(VII) and Np(V) by surface-mediated reduction. The minerals were also able to reduce U(VI), but solution chemistry affected this reaction, reflecting the complexity of the biogeochemistry of this actinide. Overall, this work highlights the importance of decoupling microbial and geochemical processes in developing a holistic understanding of radionuclide behaviour in the environment. This body of work forms the thesis is entitled ‘Mineralisation and Biomineralisation of radionuclides’, and was prepared by Diana Roumenova Brookshaw for submission in August 2013 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of Manchester.
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Quin, T. G. "Aspects of the mineralisation of iron." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375301.

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Reid, Carol Anne. "Texture analysis of bone mineralisation surfaces." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287800.

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Houston, Dean Alexander. "Regulation of skeletal mineralisation by PHOSPHO1." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29004.

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PHOSPHO1 is a skeletal specific phosphatase whose activity towards the lipid metabolites, phosphocholine (PCho) and phosphoethanolamine (PEth), results in the generation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) within matrix vesicles (MV). PHOSPHO1 activity is essential for the initiation of biomineralisation. The genetic ablation of Phospho1 results in severe hypomineralisation of the skeleton and dentition. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2, encoded by the Smpd3 gene) catalyses the breakdown of the membrane lipid sphingomyelin to generate ceramide and PCho. Similar hypomineralisation of the skeleton is noted in the Smpd3-/- mouse. This observation led to the hypothesis that nSMase2 and PHOSPHO1 work in tandem for the generation of Pi within MV. Despite knowledge of the phenotype associated with the absence of Phospho1 or Smpd3, little is known about the expression profiles of these genes during the initiation of extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralisation, or the regulation of these genes. This thesis characterised the expression of Phospho1, Smpd3 and other key genes associated with ECM mineralisation in in vitro models of mineralisation under exogenous phosphatase substrate-free conditions. Additionally, building on preliminary work in osteocytes, the regulation of Phospho1 and Smpd3 by parathyroid hormone (PTH) was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Characterisation of MC3T3 osteoblast-like cell cultures, primary calvarial osteoblast and embryonic metatarsal organ cultures similarly revealed simultaneous and striking increases in the expression of PHOSPHO1 and nSMase2 prior to the onset of ECM mineralisation. In Phospho1-/- cell and organ cultures, ECM mineralisation was markedly diminished, and nSMase2 expression was notably reduced. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulation of Phospho1 and Smpd3 in osteocytes was confirmed in MC3T3 osteoblast-like cell cultures. Phospho1 and Smpd3 mRNA expression was strongly and rapidly (within 15 minutes) inhibited by PTH. Experiments with cycloheximide revealed that this was a direct effect not requiring protein synthesis. Further experimentation utilising the adenylyl cylase agonist, Forskolin and the PKA inhibitor, PKI (5-24), identified the cAMP-PKA signalling pathway as the mediator of the effects of PTH on Phospho1 and Smpd3 expression. In contrast, however, primary calvarial osteoblasts, human subchondral bone osteoblasts and murine embryonic metatarsal cultures all displayed an upregulation of Phospho1 expression in response to a 24 h exposure to PTH. Although informative, these findings highlighted the need to investigate the PTH regulation of Phospho1 in vivo. The administration of PTH (80 μg/kg) enhanced the expression of Phospho1 and Smpd3 within 6 h and after 14 and 28-day intermittent exposure in the distal femur of male wild-type mice. The expression of the transcription factors, Runx2 and Trps1, which have been implicated in the regulation Phospho1 were similarly upregulated by these PTH exposures. I hypothesised that the upregulation of Phospho1 could provide a novel mechanism explaining the osteoanabolic effects of intermittent PTH (iPTH). Bone microarchitecture in response to iPTH was assessed in the tibiae of WT and Phospho1-/- mice by micro computed tomography. The absence of Phospho1 limited the anabolic effects of PTH in cortical bone but not in the metaphyseal trabecular bone. The work described within this thesis provides further evidence of the cooperative functions of nSMase2 and PHOSPHO1 in the initiation of skeletal mineralisation. The potent regulation of these enzymes in vivo by PTH offers an additional explanation of the anabolic effects of iPTH and forms part of an emerging body of evidence seeking to understand the regulation of these enzymes.
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Staines, Katherine Ann. "Role of MEPE in chondrocyte matrix mineralisation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8157.

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Matrix Extracellular Phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) is a member of a family of proteins called small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) which play key roles in biomineralisation. Altered MEPE expression is associated with several phosphate and bone-mineral metabolic disorders such as oncogenic osteomalacia and hypophosphatemic rickets. Despite this, it remains undetermined what impact MEPE has on the growth plate; the cartilage anlagen from which endochondral ossification, the process responsible for linear bone growth, occurs. The work of this thesis has characterised the ATDC5 cell line and the metatarsal organ culture as useful in vitro models of endochondral ossification. These will prove vital in the pursuit of underpinning the molecular mechanisms involved in endochondral bone growth. These models form the basis of the further studies in this thesis examining the role of MEPE within this highly orchestrated process. Before such role can be defined, this thesis details the spatial and temporal localisation patterns of MEPE in 10-day- and 4-week-old murine growth plates. More specifically, MEPE protein and mRNA were preferentially expressed by the hypertrophic chondrocytes as shown by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation respectively. Microdissection of the murine growth plate confirmed this. Localisation of the cleavage product of MEPE, a 2.2kDa acidic serine- and aspirate-rich motif (ASARM) peptide, followed a similar pattern of expression. The localisation of MEPE to sites of mineralisation serves to strengthen its potential role in chondrocyte matrix mineralisation. This thesis identified this role in both mineralising ATDC5 cells and the metatarsal organ culture. The ASARM peptide was found to be the functional component of MEPE and this function was dependent upon its post-translational phosphorylation. Phosphorylated (p)ASARM peptides significantly inhibited chondrocyte matrix mineralisation without altering the proliferation or differentiation of the chondrocyte cells, or their ability to produce an extracellular matrix. mRNA analysis by qPCR indicted a feedback system by which the pASARM peptide functions to allow the release of further ASARM peptides. Moreover, the pASARM peptide inhibited mRNA expression of markers of vascular angiogenesis highlighting a novel mechanism by which they may inhibit chondrocyte matrix mineralisation. This thesis also determines the regulatory cross-talk between the chondrocytes of the murine growth plate, with the most abundant bone cell type, the osteocyte. This cross-talk inhibits chondrocyte matrix mineralisation and is attributed to sclerostin, an osteocyte-specific secretory protein. Furthermore, it is shown that sclerostin acts through the MEPE-ASARM axis to regulate chondrocyte matrix mineralisation and thus endochondral ossification. The work described herein has characterised and validated in vitro models of growth plate chondrocyte matrix mineralisation and has used these to identify the role of MEPE within chondrocyte matrix mineralisation.
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Nimfopoulos, M. K. "Manganese mineralisation near Kato Nevrokopi, Drama, Greece." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233390.

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The manganese mineralization near Kato Nevrokopi, Drama, in the Falakron mountains, is hosted by the Precambrian to Early Paleozoic Upper Marble. The marble and the underlying Lower Schist unit were metamorphosed between the Late Cambrian and the Carboniferous and were extensively deformed during the Alpine orogeny. The Alpine deformation is considered to have occurred between the Early Cretaceous and the Oligocene. Granodiorites and rhyodacites of Oligocene age outcrop also in the area. The mineralization near Kato Nevrokopi is confined to intersecting Alpine fault zones of northeast and northwest trends. Negligible mineralization occurs into the schist, the richest orebodies being present as lateral extensions in the marble. Mineralization diminishes with increasing distance from the fault zones. The shape of the orebodies is irregular with individual offshoots being lenticular, pod-like or tabular. Sizes can be up to 50m in length, 20m in width and 5-10m in thickness. The boundaries between the orebodies and the marble are sharp and replacement and alteration phenomena around the orebodies include: dolomitization of the marble and clay mineral alteration. Two distinctly different mineralizing processes took place at Kato Nevrokopi: a) A hydrothermal process, characterized by mineral zoning in time and space, present as abundant rhodochrosite, ankerite, sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotine, chalcopyrite and marcasite in the stratigraphically deeper veins and "black calcite" (mixture of calcite and todorokite) and galena in the upper veins. b) A supergene process, in which the hydrothermal minerals in the veins were weathered. During this process, rhodochrosite in the veins was oxidized to MnO-gel and todorokite and in low altitude karstic cavities the mineral assemblage is: MnO-gel-nsutitechalcophanite. In high altitude karsts the mineral assemblage is: MnO-gel-nsutite-birnessite-cryptomelane-pyrolusite. During weathering Zn derived by dissolution of sphalerite was also mobile, being transported together with Mn to karstic cavities where it substituted for Mn in the Mn-oxides. The minerals pyrrhotine, marcasite, ankerite and birnessite are for first time recorded at Kato Nevrokopi. The lack of useable fluid inclusions severely limited the information on the composition of the hydrothermal fluids. From the mineral pair kaolinite-sericite, the pH of the hydrothermal fluids was estimated to have been between 3-4. Hydrothermal mineral precipitation took place mainly by reaction of the fluids with the marble and pH increase (cf., rhodochrosite) or by mixing of the hydrothermal fluids with near surface aquifers (black calcite). Thermodynamic data for the overall transformation of rhodochrosite to pyrolusite and the contemporaneous decomposition of chalcopyrite to azurite and malachite were used and the oxygen fugacity of the meteoric fluids was calculated to have ranged between 10-22 and 10-17. Mn-oxide precipitation during weathering took place either by oxidation of the primary veins (cf., MnO-gel, todorokite) or by reaction of the groundwaters with the marble in karstic cavities and precipitation of Mn-oxides as layers and encrustations above the local ground water table. Evidence from the whole rock geochemistry of the mineralized samples emphasizes the role of the thrust and fault zones as solution passageways and stresses their importance for the development of hydrothermal and supergene mineralization at Kato Nevrokopi. During weathering, downward percolation of C02-rich oxygenated meteoric waters within the veins, caused the breakdown and dissolution of sulphides and oxidation of rhodochrosite to Mn-oxides. The pH of these meteoric fluids was buffered by the dissolution of sulphides and the formation of karstic cavities was favoured by the high permeability induced by the occurrence of the thrust zone and the percolation of acidic meteoric waters through the marble. Chemical transport of MnZ+ to karstic cavities was possible in reduced meteoric waters at the beginning of weathering (pH"4-5), and as Mn(HCO3)2 in slightly alkaline groundwaters during advanced weathering (pH"6-8). Alkalies (K, Na) and alkaline earths (Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr) where leached away from the ore and the country rocks during weathering and the order of element mobility in the karstic cavities was: Na>K>MgaSr>Mn>As>Ca>Zn>Ba>Al>Fe>Cu>Cd>Pb. The Mn-oxide orebodies near Kato Nevrokopi are located in a northeast trending line parallel to the axes of major Alpine folds and significantly the rhyodacite volcanics outcrop also in a parallel fashion to this line providing evidence of an underlying pluton. This northeast trending line may therefore represent a zone of crustal weakness that was exploited by andesitic magma and subsequently by hydrothermal fluids. An average age of 33 Ma for the Kato Nevrokopi mineralization is provided. This age is similar to that of magmatism in and around the Drama area. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the hydrothermal activity near Kato Nevrokopi and generally of the northeast Drama area was related to the Oligocene magmatism. On the basis of its age, style, morphology and genesis, the mineralization near Kato Nevrokopi is placed in the metallogenic province of N. Greece/S. Bulgaria which also includes the Madan hydrothermal Pb-Zn-Mn vein deposits and the Chalkidiki Pb-Zn deposits which have Mn-oxides in their upper parts.
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Lawson, Tamara. "Mechanistic studies of mineralisation in Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445211.

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Pilkington, Michael Gerald. "Impacts of increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition on a Calluna vulgaris upland moor, North Wales." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273050.

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1. Long-term nitrogen (N) addition plots on an upland Cal/una vulgaris moor had been treated for more than ten years with 0,40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 yr- 1 • 2. Sampling of the soil solution from under the mor and the mineral gley horizons over an annual cycle revealed a high degree of retention of N, between 60 % and 80 % of ambient N inputs in the control, and rising to 90 % in response to higher inputs of the N treatments. 3. After passing through the mineral gley horizon, N was further retained, by 85 % of ambient N inputs in the control, and rising to 97 % in response to the highest N treatment. 4. There was some evidence of an inverse relation between ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) under all N treatments. Microbial immobilisation and conversion to DON was compatible with the few significant effects on cation concentration, although calcium and calcium/aluminium ratios and pH were decreased by N treatment in the mineral gley horizon. 5. A budget revealed that the added N of the treatments had been allocated mainly to the canopy and litter at low inputs and increasingly to the mor, and to a lesser extent the gley horizon, with increasing N inputs. 6. In the system as a whole, 51 % of the entire system N was contained in the mor horizon, and with increasing inputs of added N, the whole system N accounted for 60 %, 80 % and 90 % of the added N in the low, middle and high N treatments respectively. 7. Nitrogen/phosphorus ratios in green tissue were decreased in response to increasing N inputs to levels indicative of N limitation, in spite of increases in phosphatase activity in the litter and mor layers. N uptake rates and mycorrhizal colonisation were not affected. 8. A moor management bum volatilised 90 % of the canopy N (amounting to 6 % of the total system N). Increases in the gain ofN in the gley horizon after the bum decreased with increasing N treatment, an indication of increasing N saturation in this layer and confirmed by increases in N leaching in response to higher N inputs. The same response was observed without significance in the mor layer owing to greater variance in the data. 9. Rates of net mineralisation and DON production in the litter layer increased with N inputs in both field and laboratory incubations, but net nitrification rate only showed N treatment-related increases in the laboratory incubation. Threshold values of litter % N and C/N ratios determined the onset of these processes, as well as N treatment-related increases in rates of potential denitrification. 10. Bryophyte cover under the Calluna canopy, density of the canopy, light transmission through the canopy and N inputs were all related, either negatively or positively (see chapter 5), but only in mature/degenerate plants. In "new' plots containing younger, building-phase Calluna, the addition of phosphorus raised the competitive ability of bryophytes above that of Calluna, particularly at lower inputs of N.
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Chee, Gan Poh. "Scale-up of an advanced oxidation process for the degradation of citric acid." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307046.

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Books on the topic "Mineralisation"

1

LeBoutillier, N. G. South Crofty mine: Geology & mineralisation. Camborne: Penhellick Publications, 1996.

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Nielsen, Troels F. D. Gold mineralisation in the Skaergaard intrusion. København, Danmark: Grønlands geologiske undersøgelse, 1989.

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E, Ho Susan, Hughes Carol E, and Hughes Martin J, eds. Recent developments in Victorian geology and mineralisation. Neutral Bay, NSW: Australian Institute of Geoscientists, 1996.

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Smith, David Gordon. Fractures and mineralisation in the Scottish Dalradian. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1996.

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Grünherz, Lisanne. Osteomalazie in vitro: Einfluss der Matrixmineralisierung auf osteoklastäre Differenzierung und Resorption. München: Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017.

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B, Coleman T., British Geological Survey, and Great Britain. Department of Trade and Industry., eds. Exploration for volcanogenic mineralisation in south-west Wales. Nottingham: Keyworth, 1995.

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Adamson, David William. Volcanic mineralisation in the Limestone Lake area, Saskatchewan, Canada. Birmingham: Aston University.Department of Geological Sciences, 1988.

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1937-, Klomínský Josef, ed. Radiothermal granites of the Cullen Batholith and associated mineralisation (Australia). Prague: Czech Geological Survey, 1996.

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Harley, M. The mineralisation at Elandshoogte Gold Mine, Eastern Transvaal, South Africa. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand, 1990.

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G, Smith C., and British Geological Survey, eds. Stratabound base-metal mineralisation in Dalradian rocks near Tyndrum, Scotland. Keyworth: British Geological Survey, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mineralisation"

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Ingram, John, and Frede Thingstad. "Carbon Mineralisation." In Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere, 193–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79943-3_11.

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Abzalov, Marat. "Geological Constraints of Mineralisation." In Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, 193–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39264-6_14.

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Nieder, R., H. P. Dauck, and D. K. Benbi. "Mineralisation of newly accumulated nitrogen." In Plant Nutrition, 940–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_458.

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Bromley, A. V., and J. Holl. "Tin Mineralisation in Southwest England." In Mineral Processing at a Crossroads, 195–262. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4476-3_8.

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Bartl, Reiner, and Christoph Bartl. "The Patient with “Extraskeletal Mineralisation”." In Bone Disorders, 421–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29182-6_75.

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Jowitt, S. M., R. G. M. Osborn, R. D. H. Thomas, J. Naden, A. G. Gunn, R. J. Herrington, and S. Nicolaides. "′T′-type mineralisation — a pseudo-epithermal style of VHMS associated gold mineralisation, Cyprus." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 635–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_162.

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Persson, T., P. S. Karlsson, U. Seyferth, R. M. Sjöberg, and A. Rudebeck. "Carbon Mineralisation in European Forest Soils." In Ecological Studies, 257–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57219-7_12.

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Zimmermann, B. "Desmale und enchondrale Mineralisation in vitro." In Osteologie aktuell VII, 529–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78188-9_116.

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Roberts, S., R. P. Foster, and R. W. Nesbitt. "Mineralisation associated with early Precambrian basic magmatism." In Early Precambrian Basic Magmatism, 157–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0399-9_8.

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Bergwitz, Clemens, and Harald Jüppner. "Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis and Tissue Mineralisation." In Calcium and Bone Disorders in Children and Adolescents, 133–56. Basel: KARGER, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000223693.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mineralisation"

1

Kong, Hoi Ian, Coralie Siegel, and Yuan Mei. "Tungsten mineralisation, a mineral system approach." In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.18846.

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Haese, Ralf, Aggela Polymenis, Linus Opat, and Ariha Agrawal. "Ex situ carbon mineralisation using scoria." In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.17756.

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Williams-Jones, Anthony, and Olga Vasyukova. "From the Mantle to Mineralisation: The Cobalt Story." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2872.

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Fougerouse, Denis, Laura Petrella, Nicolas Thebaud, Brian Tattitch, Laure Martin, Stephen Turner, Alexandra Suvorova, and Sarah Gain. "Nanoparticle suspensions elucidate high-grade gold mineralisation processes." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.11822.

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Gazzetti, Edward, JZ Bandstra, and TR Diedrich. "Valorisation of mine waste as carbon mineralisation feedstock." In Mine Closure 2023: 16th International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2315_094.

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Tuffield, Lauren, Jonathan Naden, Daniel Smith, Simon Tapster, Ian Millar, and Andrew Miles. "Post-subduction porphyry mineralisation – triggers and magma sources." In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15751.

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Zairemmawii. "Mineralisation of gold at Ajjanahalli Prospect, Tumakuru district, Karnataka." In Proceedings of the Mizoram Science Congress 2018 (MSC 2018) - Perspective and Trends in the Development of Science Education and Research. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msc-18.2018.21.

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Danyushevsky, L., P. Farias, J, Whelan, B. Reno, A. Cross, D. Huston, R. Maas, and T. Mernagh. "Base Metal Mineralisation of the Rover Field, Northern Territory." In Central Australian Basins Symposium IV. Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia (PESA), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36404/jpgc5409.

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The Warramunga Province of the Palaeoproterozoic North Australian Craton, in the central Northern Territory, represents a prospective terrane for mineral exploration. A well-known example is the Tennant Creek mineral field, which has a rich history of gold, copper, bismuth, silver, and selenium production. Some 80 km southwest of the Tennant Creek mineral field is the entirely undercover Rover field, which hosts base and precious metal deposits with established mineral resources (JORC). Despite this, the geological framework, nature and timing of mineral systems remains poorly understood.
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Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra, Bergur Sigfússon, Kári Helgason, Chiara Marieni, Deirdre Elizabeth Clark, Thomas Ratouis, Martin Voigt, Eric Oelkers, Sigurdur Gislason, and Edda Aradottir. "Carbfix: CO2 storage through carbon mineralisation." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7418.

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Abazi, Shehribane. "EXPLORATION MINERALISATION AND PERSPECTIVE OF IRON OOLITIC IN REQAK, KOSOVA." In SGEM2011 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2011/s01.110.

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Reports on the topic "Mineralisation"

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Rogers, N. TGI 4 - Intrusion Related Mineralisation Project: new vectors to buried porphyry-style mineralisation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296462.

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Liventseva, Hanna. “WHITE GOLD” OF UKRAINE | LITHIUM MINERALISATION. Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21028/hl.2022.11.08.

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Rogers, N. TGI 4 - Intrusion Related Mineralisation Project: a synthesis. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296463.

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Rogers, N., A. Plouffe, J. B. Chapman, M. B. McClenaghan, D. A. Kellett, and R. A. Anderson. Identifying new vectors to hidden porphyry-style mineralisation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296471.

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Chapman, J. B. Deep mineralisation processes within porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299595.

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Magnall, J. M., S. A. Gleeson, and S. Paradis. Phase immiscibility and SEDEX mineralisation at Nidd, Macmillan Pass, Yukon Territory. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293617.

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Magnall, J. M., S. A. Gleeson, S. Paradis, and N. J. F. Blamey. Macmillan Pass, Yukon SEDEX mineralisation: the geochemical characterization of a vent complex. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300552.

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Goeddeke, C. R., J. B. Chapman, and I. M. Samson. Controls on indium mineralisation in tin-tungsten-base metal deposits of the Canadian Appalachians. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296468.

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Ruberti, G., N. Rogers, D. A. Kellett, C. R. van Staal, and J. Hanchar. Structural and tectonic controls on Devonian intrusion related mineralisation on the Connaigre Peninsula, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296490.

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Schoumans, O. F., L. Veenemans, W. Vervuurt, J. T. W. Verhoeven, T. J. de Koeijer, M. Manshanden, and J. C. van Middelkoop. Conceptual framework to evaluate organic fertilisers on C and N mineralisation and economic aspects. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/643831.

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