Academic literature on the topic 'Mineral trace elements'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mineral trace elements"
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NV, Rylova. "Trace Elements in Young Field Hockey Players and Fencers." Journal of Orthopaedics & Bone Disorders 2, no. 3 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000163.
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Active physical exercises are associated with high body mineral demand that can cause mineral disbalances with diverse negative health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of sport - related factors on mineral composition in young ath letes. Saliva and hair samples were chosen for the analysis as reflecting immediate and more permanent mineral status, respectively. The samples were analyzed by spectral methods with inductively coupled plasma for eight essential minerals: calcium (Ca), c hromium (Cr), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn). The results from athletes were compared to ones from the control group of adolescent non - athletes. Different minerals demonstrated sampling specific distribution. Sport t ype specificity of mineral content was found. These findings can help in the process of mineral status data standardization and in training process to correct the sport - associated mineral disbalances.
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Bloise, Andrea, Donatella Barca, Alessandro Francesco Gualtieri, Simone Pollastri, and Elena Belluso. "Trace elements in hazardous mineral fibres." Environmental Pollution 216 (September 2016): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.007.
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Schaffer, Sebastian, Gerald Rimbach, David Pieper, Niklas Hommen, Alexandra Fischer, Marc Birringer, and Ulrike Seidel. "Minerals and Trace Elements in 990 Beverages and Their Contribution to Dietary Reference Values for German Consumers." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 4899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224899.
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Beverages are an integral part of human nutrition, yet little is known about their contribution to daily intakes of minerals and trace elements in German consumers. Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, we determined the concentration of five minerals and six trace elements in beverage samples (n = 990, assigned to different beverage groups) collected throughout Germany. For a calculation of their relative contribution to the mineral supply, available beverage consumption data was combined with our quantitative analysis to calculate the average contribution of beverage groups to meet the respective dietary reference values currently used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (D-A-CH region). Based on their presence in beverages and their consumption, the top three minerals are phosphorous, calcium and magnesium, and they, therefore, may reasonably contribute to the reference values. Among the trace elements, beverages mostly contributed to the manganese supply, whereas at the same time, concentrations of iron, cobalt and copper were low across all tested groups. Our study provides an overview of the assumed mineral and trace element intake via beverages in Germany and may, thus, serve as a foundation for a mineral and trace element database of beverages that needs to be expanded in the future.
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Rollog, Mark, Nigel J. Cook, Paul Guagliardo, Kathy Ehrig, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, and Matt Kilburn. "Detection of Trace Elements/Isotopes in Olympic Dam Copper Concentrates by nanoSIMS." Minerals 9, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060336.
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Many analytical techniques for trace element analysis are available to the geochemist and geometallurgist to understand and, ideally, quantify the distribution of trace and minor components in a mineral deposit. Bulk trace element data are useful, but do not provide information regarding specific host minerals—or lack thereof, in cases of surface adherence or fracture fill—for each element. The CAMECA nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometer (nanoSIMS) 50 and 50L instruments feature ultra-low minimum detection limits (to parts-per-billion) and sub-micron spatial resolution, a combination not found in any other analytical platform. Using ore and copper concentrate samples from the Olympic Dam mining-processing operation, South Australia, we demonstrate the application of nanoSIMS to understand the mineralogical distribution of potential by-product and detrimental elements. Results show previously undetected mineral host assemblages and elemental associations, providing geochemists with insight into mineral formation and elemental remobilization—and metallurgists with critical information necessary for optimizing ore processing techniques. Gold and Te may be seen associated with brannerite, and Ag prefers chalcocite over bornite. Rare earth elements may be found in trace quantities in fluorapatite and fluorite, which may report to final concentrates as entrained liberated or gangue-sulfide composite particles. Selenium, As, and Te reside in sulfides, commonly in association with Pb, Bi, Ag, and Au. Radionuclide daughters of the 238U decay chain may be located using nanoSIMS, providing critical information on these trace components that is unavailable using other microanalytical techniques. These radionuclides are observed in many minerals but seem particularly enriched in uranium minerals, some phosphates and sulfates, and within high surface area minerals. The nanoSIMS has proven a valuable tool in determining the spatial distribution of trace elements and isotopes in fine-grained copper ore, providing researchers with crucial evidence needed to answer questions of ore formation, ore alteration, and ore processing.
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Korinevsky, V. G., K. A. Filippova, V. A. Kotlyarov, E. V. Korinevsky, and D. A. Artemyev. "Trace-elements in minerals from unusual rocks of the Southern Urals." LITHOSPHERE, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2019-19-2-269-292.
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Research subject. This articles presents the data obtained in the course of 75 analytical studies on a wide range of minerals (amphiboles, pyroxenes, garnets, spinels, olivines, anorthites, corundums, epidotes, apatites, clinochlore, dolomite, calcite, zircon) contained in igneous and metamorphic Southern Urals rocks. In addition, information is provided about the content of trace elements, including rare earth (REE) ones, in these rocks. The data on the content of trace elements in some minerals are presented for the first time (höegbomite, sapphirine, zoisite, clinozoisite, gedrite, cummingtonite, anthophyllite, potassium-magnesiohastingsite). Materials and methods. A petrographic analysis of rocks containing the minerals under study was carried out. A particular attention was paid to petrographic analysis of rocks containing the minerals under study was carried out. A particular attention was paid to “fresh” rocks, containing the mineral under study which rarely occur in the Urals. These rocks feature inclusions of serpentinite melange in the form of plates and lenses among the metamorphic strata (schists, gneisses, and amphibolites) and are characterized by the preservation of primary structures, relative chemical homogeneity, as well as the presence of simultaneous growth surfaces between most minerals. Of particular research interest were minerals from rocks, the composition of which had been relatively poorly studied (pyroxene-amphibole anorthite gabbro and gabbro-amphibolites, scapolite rocks, hornblendite, gedrite-cummingtonite-anthophyllitic crystallo-schists and amphibolites, ore-less carbonatites). The composition of mineral samples was determined using a scanning microscope REMMA-202 M equipped with an energy dispersive console and a mass-spectrometer Agilent 7700x (ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS methods). Results. Petrographic characteristics of the rocks containing the minerals under study are given. The geographical coordinates of locations, where mineral sampling was performed, are provided. The content of trace elements is shown to vary greatly within related species of minerals (amphiboles, garnets, pyroxenes, olivines, epidotes, spinels, mica, etc.), with the fluctuations being independent of the alkalinity of host rocks or their geological nature.Conclusions. For the first time, a significant role of zoisite and clinozoisite in the process of concentrating trace elements, including REE, has been revealed. The role of apatite as one of the main mineral concentrators of REE has not been confirmed either in the main and ultrabasic rocks, or in some calcite-dolomite carbonatites.
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VANDER AUWERA, Jacqueline, Guy BOLOGNE, Iwan ROELANDTS, and Jean-Clair DUCHESNE. "Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis of silicate rocks and minerals." Geologica Belgica 1, no. 1-4 (January 31, 1998): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2014.006.
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The accurate measurement of low levels of trace elements is now necessary in most petrological studies. In this paper, we present the methods used in our laboratory ("Collectif interinstitutionnel de géochimie instrumentale") to analyse simultaneously, with the ICP-MS instrument, 26 trace elements in silicate rocks and minerals. Whole-rocks are prepared using a lithium metaborate fusion in order to assure dissolution of resistant mineral phases, whereas mineral separates (plagioclases, pyroxenes, apatites) are prepared using an open acid digestion. Calibration of the ICP-MS is made with international reference materials for whole-rocks and with synthetic aqueous solutions for mineral separates. The accuracy of the data as well as limits of quantification (LOQ) vary among elements but are usually very good (accuracy better than 6%, LOQ usually below 1 microg/g in solids). Combination of XRF and ICP-MS capabilities enables us to determine 38 elements (major and trace) on a routine basis.
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Polat, Sevim, and Abdurrahman Polat. "Mineral content of macroalgae and possible uses for human health." Food and Health 8, no. 2 (2022): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh22015.
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Seaweeds have been used since ancient times as food, food additives, fertilizer, and a source of medicine. Like terrestrial plants, seaweeds contain many inorganic and organic substances which can beneficial to human health. Seaweeds have great potential as “bioactive compounds for functional use, “algae mineral supplements”, “pharmaceuticals and cosmetics” and in addition to their potential of good sources of minerals, trace elements, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates as traditional food. Due to the mineral absorption ability of macroalgae from the seawater, many species are a perfect source of some trace elements such as iron and iodine and a good source of some macro minerals such as calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. In some cases, the mineral content of the seaweeds may be higher than that of land plants. Scientific data show that the bioavailability of algae minerals is higher than rock-based minerals for humans. In recent years, the potential use of seaweed minerals as “algae mineral supplements” gained attention due to their rich elemental composition and the importance of minerals for human health. Mineral composition of seaweeds may vary according to locality, season, residence time, species physiology, and environmental conditions such as level of elements in seawater, light intensity, and salinity. Thus, new approaches and researches are needed on how much seaweeds can be consumed daily and their potential health risks. In this study, the mineral contents of seaweeds, the importance of minerals for human health, and potential uses of algae minerals were investigated.
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Masters, DG, CL White, DW Peter, DB Purser, SP Roe, and MJ Barnes. "A multi-element supplement for grazing sheep. II. Accumulation of trace elements in sheep fed different levels of supplement." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 4 (1992): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920809.
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Sheep were fed an oaten hayllupin mixture (88: 12 W/W) containing either 0, 1.7, 3.3, 6.3, 12 or 21% of a multi-element mineral mix for 6 months. Each sheep was fed sufficient ration to provide 800 g DM of the oaten hay/lupin mixture per day. The accumulation of essential and of potentially toxic elements in the tissues of the sheep was measured together with feed intake and growth. Some sheep which were offered 12% and all of the sheep which were offered 21% minerals in the diet refused to eat part or all of the ration and were removed from the experiment. All sheep in the other groups and two sheep which were fed 12% minerals ate all or most of the ration for 6 months. All sheep in the groups which were fed 0, 1.7, 3.3 and 6.3% (equivalent to 0, 15, 30 and 60 g/day of minerals) grew at 27-35 g/day and had similar dry matter intakes after intake of minerals was excluded from the calculation. The two sheep which were fed 12% mineral throughout (equivalent to 120 g/day) lost 6 g/day during the experiment. Intake of minerals increased selenium concentrations in whole blood and liver, and vitamin B12 in plasma. Selenium did not accumulate to levels that resulted in toxicity to the sheep nor exceed maximum permitted levels for human consumption. Fluorine in rib bone increased as mineral intake increased, and sheep which were fed 12% minerals in the diet were at risk of chronic fluorosis. The intake of mineral mix had no significant effect on the concentrations of copper and iron in the liver or the concentration of cadmium in the kidney.
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Mordberg, L. E., C. J. Stanley, and K. Germann. "Mineralogy and geochemistry of trace elements in bauxites: the Devonian Schugorsk deposit, Russia." Mineralogical Magazine 65, no. 1 (February 2001): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646101550145.
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AbstractProcesses of mineral alteration involving the mobilization and deposition of more than 30 chemical elements during bauxite formation and epigenesis have been studied on specimens from the Devonian Schugorsk bauxite deposit, Timan, Russia. Chemical analyses of the minerals were obtained by electron microprobe and element distribution in the minerals was studied by element mapping. Interpretation of these data also utilized high-resolution BSE and SE images.The main rock-forming minerals of the Vendian parent rock are calcite, dolomite, feldspar, aegirine, riebeckite, mica, chlorite and quartz; accessory minerals are pyrite, galena, apatite, ilmenite, monazite, xenotime, zircon, columbite, pyrochlore, chromite, bastnaesite and some others. Typically, the grainsize of the accessory minerals in both parent rock and bauxite is from 1 to 40 µm. However, even within these rather small grains, the processes of crystal growth and alteration during weathering can be determined from the zonal distribution of the elements. The most widespread processes observed are: (1) Decomposition of Ti-bearing minerals such as ilmenite, aegirine and riebeckite with the formation of ‘leucoxene’, which is the main concentrator of Nb, Cr, V and W. Crystal growth can be traced from the zonal distribution of Nb (up to 16 wt.%). Vein-like ‘leucoxene’ is also observed in association with organics. (2) Weathering of columbite and pyrochlore: the source of Nb in ‘leucoxene’ is now strongly weathered columbite, while the alteration of pyrochlore is expressed in the growth of plumbopyrochlore rims around Ca-rich cores. (3) Dissolution of sulphide minerals and apatite and the formation of crandallite group minerals: ‘crandallite’ crystals of up to 40 µm size show a very clear zonation. From the core to the rim of a crystal, the following sequence of elements is observed: Ca → Ba → Ce → Pb → Sr → Nd. Sulphur also shows a zoned but more complicated distribution, while the distribution of Fe is rather variable. A possible source of REE is bastnaesite from the parent rock. More than twelve crandallite type cells can be identified in a single ‘crandallite’ grain. (4) Alteration of stoichiometric zircon and xenotime with the formation of metamict solid solution of zircon and xenotime: altered zircon rims also bear large amounts of Sc (up to 3.5 wt.%), Fe, Ca and Al in the form of as yet unidentified inclusions of 1–2 µm. Monazite seems to be the least altered mineral of the profile.In the parent rock, an unknown mineral of the composition (wt.%): ThO2 – 54.8; FeO – 14.6; Y2O5 – 2.3; CaO – 2.0; REE – 1.8; SiO2 12.2; P2O5 – 2.8; total – 94.2 (average from ten analyses) was determined. In bauxite, another mineral was found, which has the composition (wt.%): ThO2 – 24.9; FeO – 20.5; Y2O5 – 6.7; CaO 2.0; – ZrO – 17.6; SiO2 – 8.8; P2O5 – 5.4; total – 89.3 (F was not analysed; average from nine analyses). Presumably, the second mineral is the result of weathering of the first one. Although the Th content is very high, the mineral is almost free of Pb. However, intergrowths of galena and pyrite are observed around the partially decomposed crystals of the mineral. Another generation of galena is enriched in chalcophile elements such as Cu, Cd, Bi etc., and is related to epigenetic alteration of the profile, as are secondary apatite and muscovite.
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Moiseev, A. J. "Сomplexes of trace elements in natural mineral waters." Geochemistry and ore formation 34 (2014): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gof.2014.34.085.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mineral trace elements"
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Peters, James C. "Evaluating the efficacy of dietary organic and inorganic trace minerals in reproducing female pigs on reproductive performance and body mineral composition." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141661190.
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Tanner, Dominique. "In situ mineral geochemistry as a guide to ore-forming processes." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/125140.
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Isotopic and trace element analyses are essential to our understanding ore-forming processes, but traditionally these techniques have required bulk digestion of rocks and minerals. Recent advances in in situ microanalytical techniques permit us to analyse samples on a mineral-by mineral basis and probe the chemistry of individual growth bands in minerals, providing a near-continuous record in any zoned mineral. This thesis is composed of five studies using the in situ geochemistry of 'gangue' (non-ore) minerals to elucidate cryptic ore-forming processes that are obscured using conventional analyses. The first half of this thesis presents coupled isotopic and trace element analyses in quartz and pyrite from magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-Au deposits. These studies revealed complex chemical zonation, providing a detailed record of cryptic fluid chemistry and depositional processes. A distinct isotopic signature and residual metastable silica hydrates in quartz microcrystals from the El Indio deposit, Chile provided the first evidence for silica maturation in a high-temperature environment and the first evidence for non-equilibrium isotope fractionation in quartz. The second half of this thesis focuses on the trace element chemistry of minerals from the Bellevue Core, a ~3 km drillcore intersecting the upper half of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa - the largest known repository of platinum-group elements (PGEs). These studies revealed a prospective PGE horizon and provide the first evidence for extensive equilibration of plagioclase in cumulate rocks.
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Morrison, Elizabeth. "The contribution of Australian wheat and wheat products essential trace mineral intake." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36731/1/36731_Morrison_1996.pdf.
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Nutrition authorities' current recommendations include an increased consumption of whole grain cereal products, including wheat products, in order to increase consumption levels of dietary .fibre. However, the essential trace mineral contribution of such products tends to be underestimated. The trace mineral data for Australian wheat and wheat products, moreover, tends to be lacking or out-of-date. Consequently, a survey was conducted to obtain information on the nutritional value of wheat and wheat products with regard to trace minerals. Wheat grain samples were procured from around Australia, over two seasons in most cases. A method was developed utilising a microwave digestion procedure and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) to analyse these samples for the following minerals (mean result of 233 samples in parenthesis): magnesium (1160mg/kg), zinc (18mg/kg), iron (30mg/kg), manganese (33mg/kg), copper (3.2mg/kg), nickel (0.30mg/kg), chromium (0.04mg/kg), cobalt (0.03mg/kg), cadmium (less than detection limit) and aluminium (3.7mg/kg). Mineral content was, generally, strongly correlated (positively) with protein content. Significant geographical and seasonal variations in the mineral content of wheat grain were identified. A number of wheat products were also analysed as above. An assessment of the contribution of wheat and wheat products to the mineral intake of a general adult Australian population was explored and concluded to be significant.
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Martins, Lucelene. "Geração e migração de magmas graníticos na crosta continental: estudos de detalhe em granitos e migmatitos da região de Nazaré Paulista (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-19042007-155618/.
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As condições de geração e migração de magmas na crosta continental foram investigadas a partir de estudos de detalhe em dois afloramentos de granitos anatéticos tipo Nazaré Paulista (Nappe Socorro Guaxupé, região de Atibaia, SP), utilizando como ferramentas principais a geoquímica de elementos maiores e traços em rochas e minerais e a isotopia Sr-Nd. O granito Nazaré Paulista tem uma ampla variedade composicional, sendo as duas variedades principais um granada leucogranito e um granada-biotita granito cinza com uma rede de vênulas de leucogranito (~625 Ma, U-Pb monazita). Ambos os tipos formam corpos sub-concordantes de dimensões decamétricas nos dois afloramentos; as relações de contato quando observadas indicam a intrusão posterior dos granada leucogranitos. Dois tipos de leucossomas foram reconhecidos em paragnaisses migmatíticos associados aos granitos Nazaré Paulista: (1) granada-biotita tonalito com baixa razão Rb/Sr (0,3), padrões de ETR pouco fracionados ((La/Yb)N = 4-5) e com anomalia negativa de Eu e assinatura isotópica Sr-Nd idêntica à do mesossoma; (2) granada leucogranito, com razão Rb/Sr de ~0,56, padrões de ETR pouco fracionados ((La/Yb)N = 5), com anomalia positiva de Eu e eNd(t) idêntico ao do mesossoma, mas com 87Sr/86Sr(t) mais baixa. Ambos os tipos de leucossomas são distintos dos granitos e foram interpretados como produtos da fusão em presença de água do paragnaisse, respectivamente antes e depois da geração de feldspato potássico no protolito. Alguns contrastes geoquímicos relevantes são observados entre os granitos cinza e os leucogranitos: os primeiros apresentam maior mg# e Zr e padrões de ETR mais fracionados; as razões Rb-Sr de ambos os tipos são semelhantes (0,4-0,7). A assinatura isotópica Sr-Nd dos granitos mostra importante variação (eNd(t) = -16 a -13 e 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0,716-0,728); apenas duas amostras de leucogranito têm assinatura coincidente com o campo dos paragnaisses regionais. Assumindo os paragnaisses como fonte única dos granitos Nazaré Paulista, é necessário que a fusão tenha ocorrido em desequílibrio e em presença de água. A química de elementos traços em granada foi fundamental para a identificação dos diversos processos de diferenciação que respondem pela variedade de granitos observada. Parte dos granitos cinza carrega um componente restítico, representado por granadas com núcleos ricos em ETRP+Y semelhantes às granadas dos paragnaisses encaixantes. As vênulas de granada leucogranito que cortam o granito cinza são formadas provavelmente pela ?refusão? do mush original durante a rápida ascensão e exibem granadas pobres em ETRP, cujos teores aumentam para a borda, definindo um padrão tipicamente magmático. Os leucogranitos que formam corpos isolados podem em parte corresponder a diferenciados do granito cinza, conforme indicado pelas relações de campo e pela geoquímica de rocha. No entanto os leucogranitos com alta 87Sr/86Sr(t) apresentam granadas com núcleos ricos em ETRP+Y e monazita com composição similar a dos paragnaisses, reforçando a hipótese de serem estes produtos da fusão direta de paragnaisses.The conditions of melt generation and migration in the continental crust were investigated through a detailed study of two outcrops of the anatectic Nazaré Paulista granites (Socorro-Guaxupé, Nappe, Atibaia region, SE Brazil), using as main tools the rock and mineral major and trace-element geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopy. The Nazaré Paulista granite shows a wide compositional variation, and can be grouped into two main types: a garnet leucogranite and a veined grey garnet-biotite granite, the latter dated at ~625 Ma (monazite U-Pb ID-TIMS). These types occur as subconcordant bodies 10-50 m wide and are present in both outcrops; where observed, the contact relationships show that the garnet leucogranites intruded after the grey granites. Two types of leucosome were recognized in migmatitic paragneisses associated to the Nazaré Paulista granites: (1) garnet-biotite tonalite with low Rb/Sr (0.3 ), slightly fractionated REE patterns ((La/Yb)N = 4-5) with negative Eu anomalies and Sr-Nd isotope signature identical to that of the mesosome; and (2) garnet leucogranite, with Rb/Sr ~0.56, slightly fractionated REE patterns ((La/Yb)N ~ 5) with positive Eu anomalies, eNd(t) identical to that of the mesosome, but lower 87Sr/86Sr(t). Both leucosomes are different from the granites, and were interpreted as the products of water-present melting of the paragneiss, respectively before and after the crystallization of K-feldspar in the protolith. Some relevant geochemical contrasts are observed between the two types of Nazaré Paulista granites: compared to the leucogranites, the gray granites show greater mg# and Zr and more fractionated REE patterns; the Rb/Sr ratios of both are low (0.4-0.7). The Sr-Nd isotope signature has important variations (eNd(t) = -16 to -13 and 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0.716-0.728); only two leucogranite samples have signatures that are coincident with the field of the regional paragneisses. Assuming the paragneisses as the only source of the Nazaré Paulista granites would require that melting occurred under disequilibrium and water-present conditions. The trace-element chemistry of garnet was important to identify the differentiation processes that respond for the observed variety of anatectic granites. Part of the gray granites carries a restitic component, represented by ETRP+Y-rich garnet cores that are similar to the garnets from the country-rock paragneisses. The garnet leucogranite veins that cut the gray granite were probably formed by \"partial remelting\" of the original mush during rapid ascent, their idiomorphic garnet crystals have a distinctive composition (low HREE in the cores, increasing slightly to the rims), interpreted as magmatic. Some of the leucogranites forming isolated bodies may have been generated by fractionation from the gray granite, as indicated by field relations and rock geochemistry. On the other hand, the leucogranite with high 87Sr/86Sr(t) has ETRP+Y-rich garnet cores and its monazite is compositionally similar to that of the paragneisses, features indicative that they were probably produced by direct melting of these rocks.
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Hill, David T. "Removal of trace elements from coal using a multiple-property processing circuit." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01242009-063125/.
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Marozas, Dianne Catherine. "The effects of mineral reactions on trace metal characteristics of groundwater in desert basins of southern Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191127.
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The geochemistry, of groundwater collected from deep wells in the western section of the lower Santa Cruz basin of southeastern Arizona, was studied in order to determine the extent to which geochemica] analysis can be used to assess fluid flow and major and trace element migration patterns along hydrologic flowpaths in desert basins. Interaction between groundwater and enclosing sediments, and mixing between chemically distinct basin groundwater is found to exert a significant control on the chemical patterns that have evolved in the system. Activity-activity diagrams of the Na-Si-O-H system show that groundwater throughout the basin clusters near the three phase boundary between fluid, kaolinite, and montmorillonite and trends along the boundary to higher log (aNa⁺/aH⁺) values. A reaction model generated with computer program PHREEQE, that combines silicate weathering, kaolinite-Na-beidellite equilibrium, calcite equilibrium, and solution mixing, can simulate trends in groundwater composition along flowpaths in the basin. Trace metals introduced into the basin by the weathering of a buried porphyry copper deposit become spatially separated upon migration. Metal concentrations are found to be correlated to major cation concentrations. Cu is associated with high Na concentrations and a high ratio of Carbonate:Ca, whereas Zn is associated with high Ca concentration and a low ratio of Carbonate:Ca. Behavior of Cu and Zn during low-temperature transport can be controlled by the effects of mineral alteration on groundwater composition. Computer analysis of early basin diagenesis shows that changes in major solute composition that accompany weathering, constrained by equilibrium with clays and calcite, can produce the metal segregation pattern observed in the basin. Because the aquifer is strongly influenced by silicate and carbonate mineral equilibrium, the introduction of Central Arizona Project recharge, which is not in equilibrium with alluvial minerals, into the basin, requires a response by mineral reactions that attempt to restore the system to a state of equilibrium with kaolinite, montmorillonite, and calcite. A reaction model is developed to predict the consequent effects of outside recharge on groundwater quality.
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Nel, Marika Verita. "The influence of coal-associated trace elements on sintering and agglomeration of a model coal mineral mixture / M.V. Nel." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6413.
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A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the potential influence
of selected inorganic compounds on sintering and agglomeration of a model mineral
mixture. The minerals and inorganic compounds were chosen based on the
constituents found in coal. The study simulated ash formation processes in the
temperature range of 500 °C to 1000 DC. The mineral mixture consisted of kaolinite,
quartz, pyrite, siderite, calcite, Ti02 and magnesite in a fIxed ratio. The mixture was
doped with 4% (by weight) of each trace or minor element species. Different
analytical methods were employed to investigate the extent of sintering and
agglomeration and to identify the possible interactions between the species.
Compressive strength measurements, TG/DTA, SEMIEDS and XRD analysis were
used to evaluate the interactions in oxidizing and inert atmospheres. The influence of
the compounds on the reducing-atmosphere ash fusion temperatures of the mineral
mixture was also investigated. The results indicated that NaCl, Na2C03, Ge02,
Mn20 3, NbS2, srCo3 and PbS increased sintering in the mineral mixture in the
oxidizing atmosphere. Sintering was increased by enhancing sulfation of limestone,
and/or by affecting the characteristics of the aluminosilicate phases. Na2C03, Ge02
and Mn20 3 increased sintering of the mineral mixture in the inert atmosphere by
affecting the characteristics of the alurninosilicate phases. MOS2 and PbMo04
decreased sintering of the mineral mixture in the oxidizing atmosphere, while CU2S,
CuS, PbS and NaCI decreased sintering in the inert atmosphere. The results obtained
in oxidizing and inert atmospheres indicated that the oxidation numbers of the cations
and the anions associated with the different compounds affected the potential of the
additives to influence sintering and agglomeration of the mineral mixture. The
influence of the inorganic compounds on the mineral mixture at different ashing
temperatures was investigated with the ash fusion temperature test. The results
indicated that the ash fusion temperatures were decreased by the addition of GeS and
PbC03 at an ashing temperature of 500 °C, decreased by SrC03 at an ashing
temperature of 815°C, and increased by cr03 at an ashing temperature of 500°C. The
results confirm that the addition of trace element compounds can result in the
formation of species with lower melting points, and that the ashing temperature has an influence on the ash fusion temperatures.Thesis (Ph.D. (Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Ashley, Kyle Thomas. "Constraining Metamorphic and Tectonic Evolution in Convergent Terranes: How Trace Elements and Mineral Inclusions Shape Mechanical and Reconstructive Models." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52888.
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Conventional thermobarometry in metamorphic systems has been primarily limited to constraining peak temperature (or pressure) along a generalized P-T loop. This is largely attributed to the assumption that mineral assemblages and chemistries achieve a state closest to equilibrium with the maximum thermal (and therefore energetic) input at these peak conditions. However, this traditional approach is limited in providing much information about the evolution of a metamorphic terrane, which is modified by tectonic (kinematic) forces, fluid and component mobility, and heating duration.
The ubiquity of quartz in the continental crust has driven much interest in using the phase for thermobarometric purposes. In this dissertation, I discss the application of elastic theory in reconstructing conditions of inclusion encapsulation through inclusion pressure estimation with Raman spectroscopy. In some instances, overpressuring of quartz inclusions in garnet give evidence for high-pressure formation conditions. When analyses are collected from garnet core to rim, pressure paths along garnet growth can be inferred (if temperature can be reasonably estimated). In high-T, low-P terranes, quartz may become dilated if the inclusion adheres to the host. If a quartz inclusion is sufficiently stretched, transformation to a low-density polymorph may occur.
Trace element uptake, particularly Ti, have been characterized in quartz and understood to be the result of a temperature- (and to a lesser extent, pressure-) sensitive substitution for Si4+. However, the application of the Ti-in-quartz thermobarometer in quartz mylonites has led to mixed results due to the low-Ti resetting that occurs with dynamic recrystallization. We applied defect energy simulations and took a global assessment of deformed quartz trace element chemistries to infer that sweeping grain boundaries provide short pathways that allows localized re-equilibration with a Ti-undersaturated medium, resulting in Ti removal from the quartz lattice. In addition, thermodynamic pseudosection modeling has provided a method to assess Ti activity as a dynamic parameter – one that evolves as the phase stability changes through prograde and retrograde metamorphic reactions. With this understanding, better growth-composition models can be derived to infer complex pressure-temperature-time-deformation (P-T-t-D) histories of metamorphic rocks.
These techniques and results are coupled with conventional thermobarometry techniques to provide a more comprehensive picture of the conditions experienced by a rock through the evolution, from burial to exhumation to the Earth's surface. The thermal evolution is used to provide conceptual thermal-kinematic models to explain tectonic evolution and heat advection in the continental lithosphere in ancient mountain belts.Ph. D.
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Will, Sonia Elisabete Alves de Lima. "Avaliação da concentração de elementos traço e respectivos mapas de distribuição em placenta bovina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-28032011-102928/.
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O desenvolvimento sadio e harmonioso de uma gestação está relacionado diretamente a nutrição fetal equilibrada. Alguns minerais são essenciais por meio das funções desempenhadas no metabolismo, manutenção e crescimento fetal. As carências minerais estão entre os fatores que mais contribuem para a baixa produtividade de rebanho, gerando perdas econômicas significativas. Desse modo estudos que auxiliam na compreensão das razões para a baixa produtividade em rebanhos são importantes. A placenta atua como uma barreira seletiva ao fornecimento adequado de nutrientes durante a gestação. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a concentração de elementos traço para animais não manipulados (GCO) e clonados (GCL) para períodos gestacionais e obter mapas de distribuição qualitativos para placenta de bovinos GCO e GCL. As amostras de tecido placentário foram selecionadas e agrupadas em três períodos gestacionais: estágio 1, 90 dias; estágio 2, 135 dias e estágio 3, 235 dias. Todas as amostras foram analisadas para os elementos constituintes e traço por Espectrometria de Raios X. Os resultados obtidos nas análises de tecido placentário contendo elementos constituintes e traço indicaram que os procedimentos de preparação foram adequados. Os resultados obtidos indicaram variações significativas para os elementos Na, Mg, P, Cl, K e Ca. Os mapas de distribuição elementar confirmaram que a maior concentração elementar ocorreu na região de interdigitação entre as criptas carunculares do epitélio uterino e as vilosidades cotiledonária com células trofoblásticas na região dos placentônios e nas glândulas endometriais da região interplacentomal, indicando que nestas regiões intensificam-se as trocas de nutrientes entre mãe e feto. Para os resultados obtidos na avaliação dainterelação elementar, quanto as amostras de placentônio bovino clonado observou-se as interelações entre Ca-Fe, Cu-Fe, Zn-Ca, Fe-Zn, Ca-Cu e Cu-Zn. Pelo exposto acima, concluiu-se que as análises químicas foram adequadas para a determinação da concentração de elementos constituintes e traço e que a análise qualitativa dos mapas bidimensionais e mapas de correlação obtidos por meio de experimento com radiação Síncrotron foram essenciais para a discussão sobre as alterações nas regiões selecionadas e períodos de gestação avaliados.The healthy and harmonious development of a gestation is directly associated to a balanced fetus nutrition. Some minerals are essential because of their functions developed in the metabolism, maintenance and fetus development. Mineral deficiencies are among the factors that contribute the most for a low productivity of the cattle, generating significant economic loss. Thus, studies that help understand the reasons for a low productivity in cattle are important. The placenta works as a selective barrier to the adequate supply of nutrients during the gestation. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of trace elements for non-manipulative animals (GCO) and cloned animals (GCL) for gestational periods and to obtain maps of qualitative distribution for the placenta of bovines GCO and GCL. Samples of placenta tissues were selected and grouped in three gestational periods: stage 1, 90 days; stage 2, 135 days; and stage 3, 235 days. All the samples were analyzed for the constituent elements and traces by X Rays Spectrometry. The results obtained in the analyses of placenta tissue bearing constituent elements and trace indicated that the procedures of preparation were adequate. The results indicated significant variations for the elements Na, Mg, P, Cl, K e Ca. The maps of elementary distribution confirmed that the highest elementary concentration occurred in the region of inter-digitation of carunculate vaults of the uterine epithelium and cotiledonary vilosities with trophoblast cells, in the regions of the placentons and endometrial glands of the interplacentomal region, confirming that, in these regions, nutrient exchanges intensify between mother and fetus. For the results obtained in evaluation of the elementary interrelation in relation to the samples of cloned bovine placentons we observed that the maps demonstrated several interrelations between Ca-Fe, Cu-Fe, Zn-Ca, Fe-Zn, Ca-Cu, and Cu-Zn. By these results, we concluded that the chemical analyses were adequate for the determination of the elementary concentration of constituent elements and trace and also that the qualitative analysis of the bi-dimensional maps and correlated maps obtained through experiments with Synchrotron radiation were essential for the discussion on alterations on selected regions and on evaluated periods of gestations.
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Moura, e. Silva Francisco César de [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos valores séricos e hepáticos de elementos minerais em novilhas nelore, criadas extensivamente, suplementadas com mistura mineral comercial." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89296.
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mouraesilva_fc_me_botfmvz.pdf: 536732 bytes, checksum: b483c8eb0344fa45e6c29e1db8477c14 (MD5)Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os elementos minerais no soro sangüíneo (magnésio, cobre, selênio, zinco, fósforo, cálcio, potássio, ferro) e no tecido hepático (cobalto, cobre, selênio, manganês, molibdênio e zinco) em seis diferentes momentos durante um período de dezesseis meses e verificar se houve variação entre eles. Foram utilizadas 25 novilhas mestiças Nelore, com idade média de 18 meses, que permaneceram durante todo o tempo do experimento no mesmo pasto de Brachiaria brizantha. Os animais ainda receberam mistura mineral comercial em cocho coberto e água à vontade e foram submetidos à coleta de fragmentos hepáticos e sangue para obtenção de soro. Análises da pastagem também foram realizadas nos mesmos momentos em que foram colhidas as amostras de soro e fígado (exceto em fevereiro 2003). A água e o sal mineral também foram analisadas. Os níveis médios dos elementos no tecido hepático foram, respectivamente para as seis diferentes colheitas: Co 0,27;0,27; 0,23;0,21; 0,23 e 0,24 ppm; Mn 9,07; 8,55; 8,67; 8,40; 7,90 e 7,25 ppm; Mo 4,18; 3,85; 3,68; 3,32; 3,54; 3,19 ppm; Zn 113,4; 101,94; 97,91; 92,46; 88,29 e 81,74 ppm; Cu 40,76; 36,33; 24,50; 24,70; 77,75 e 128,03 ppm e Se 0,86; 1,09; 0,72; 1,21; 0,91 e 0,75 ppm. Destes, os níveis de Co, Mn, Mo, Se e Zn foram considerados adequados para bovinos. Os níveis médios dos elementos no soro foram, para as quatro diferentes colheitas: Ca 118,72; 129,36; 125,19; 112,90; 96,76; 85,37 mg/L; P 109,28; 106,30; 117,03; 103,39; 115,78 e 107,75 mg/L; Mg 19,75; 23,62; 26,54; 20,96; 20,80 e 23,12 mg/L; K 139,64; 134,85; 114,19; 131,65; 130,57 e 116,60 mg/L; Cu 0,52; 0,73; 0,41; 0,59; 0,60 e 0,73 mg/L; Zn 1,19; 1,87; 1,38; 1,13;1,28 e 1,37 mg/L; Fe 2,52; 3,44; 2,21; 3,08; 3,00 e 2,89 mg/L e Se 1,19; 1,87; 0,19; 0,44, 0,40 e 0,51 mg/L...
The objective of the present work was to determinate the mineral levels in beef cattle blood serum (magnesium, copper, selenium, zinc, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, iron) and liver (cobalt, copper, selenium, manganese, molibdenium and zinc) at six different moments throughout sixteen months, to verify the occurrence of variation among them. Twenty-five half-breed nelore heifers, all of them about 18 months old, stayed during the experiment in the same Brachiaria brizantha pasture. They also received commercial mineral mixture in appropriate feeders and free acess to water. Pasture were also analised at the same moments we did for serum and liver (except february 2003). Water and mineral mixture were analised as well. The average levels of the elements in the liver, respectively for the six different moments: Co 0.27,0.27, 0.23, 0.21, 0.23 and 0.24 ppm; Mn 9.07, 8.55, 8.67, 8.40, 7.90 and 7.25 ppm; Mo 4.18, 3.85, 3.68, 3.32, 3.54, 3.19 ppm; Zn 113.4, 101.94, 97.91, 92.46, 88.29 and 81.74 ppm; Cu 40.76, 36.33, 24.50, 24.70, 77.75 and 128.03 ppm and Se 0.86, 1.09, 0.72, 1.21, 0.91 and 0.75 ppm. The levels of Co, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn were considered appropriate for cattle. The average levels of the elements in the serum were, for the six different moments: Ca 118.72, 129.36, 125.19, 112.90, 96.76, 85.37 mg/L; P 109.28, 106.30, 117.03, 103.39, 115.78 and 107.75 mg/L; Mg 19.75, 23.62, 26.54, 20.96, 20.80 and 23.12 mg/L; K 139.64, 134.85, 114.19, 131.65, 130.57 and 116.60 mg/L; Cu 0.52, 0.73, 0.41, 0.59, 0.60 and 0,73 mg/L; Fe 2,52; 3,44; 2,21; 3,08; 3,00 and 2,89 mg/L; Se 1.19, 1.87, 0.19, 0.44, 0.40 and 0.51 mg/L and Zn 1.19, 1.87, 1.38, 1.13,1.28 and 1.37 mg/L. In the serum, Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe and Se levels were considered appropriate for beef cattle. There was correlation between the hepatic and serum levels of Cu...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Books on the topic "Mineral trace elements"
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Watts, David L. Trace elements and other essential nutrients: Clinical application of tissue mineral analysis. [S.L: s.n.], 1995.
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Siva Subramanian, K. N. 1945- and Wastney Meryl E, eds. Kinetic models of trace element and mineral metabolism during development. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995.
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Nutritional balancing and hair mineral analysis: A comprehensive guide. Scottsdale, Az: L.D. Wilson Consultants, 1991.
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C, White J. Accessory metals content of commercial titanium mineral concentrates. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.
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United States. Bureau of Mines. Accessory metals content of commerical titanium mineral concentrates. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.
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C, White J. Accessory metals content of commercial titanium mineral concentrates. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1990.
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Lyons, Robert. Indium the missing trace mineral: The newly discovered supplement for vibrant health. Henderson, NV: New Health Press, 2001.
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Phelan, Paula A. Studies related to the role of trace mineral nutrition and the prevention of joint-ill in lambs. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.
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Vitamins & minerals: The health connection : a complete fingertip reference book. Phoenix, Ariz: Health Plus Publishers, 1985.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Progress, Milltown Reservoir sediments superfund site report. Helena, MT: Dept. of Health and Environmental Sciences and Environmental Protection Agency, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Mineral trace elements"
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Mishra, Shantosh Kumar. "Coal, Trace Elements." In Encyclopedia of Mineral and Energy Policy, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40871-7_100-1.
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Smith, K. T., and J. T. Rotruck. "Trace Mineral and Calcium Interactions." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 221–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_68.
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Matkovic, Velimir, Nancy E. Badenhop, and Jasminka Z. Ilich. "Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition in Adolescents." In Clinical Nutrition of the Essential Trace Elements and Minerals, 153–82. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-040-7_10.
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Picciano, Mary Frances. "Trace Element and Mineral Nutrition During Lactation." In Clinical Nutrition of the Essential Trace Elements and Minerals, 139–51. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-040-7_9.
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Southon, S., A. J. A. Wright, I. T. Johnson, J. M. Gee, K. Price, and S. J. Fairweather-Tait. "The Effect of Saponins on Mineral Availability." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 413–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_141.
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Bouglé, D., F. Bureau, B. Guillois, R. Morello, J. F. Duhamel, and J. P. Sabatier. "Relationships between Bone Mineral Density, Growth, and Aluminum in Healthy Former Premature Infant." In Therapeutic Uses of Trace Elements, 309–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0167-5_52.
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Fairweather-Tait, Susan J., Zoe Piper, and Susan Southon. "Mineral Status of Adults Given a Fiber Supplement." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 487–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_171.
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Spencer, Herta, S. J. Sontag, and D. Osis. "Mineral-Zinc and Protein-Zinc Interactions in Man." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 559–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_200.
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Martínez, Isabel, María Jesús Periago, and Marina Santaella y Gaspar Ros. "Mineral Content in Four Spanish Fish after Bone Addition." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 237–38. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_66.
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O’Brien, J. M., P. A. Morrissey, and A. Flynn. "Mineral Balance Study of Rats Fed Maillard Reaction Products." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 563–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_201.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Mineral trace elements"
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Vasilopoulos, M., F. Molnár, H. O’Brien, and Y. Lahaye. "Comparing sulfide trace elements and sulfur isotopes of Au-only and atypical orogenic mineralization from northern Finland." In Mineral Exploration Symposium. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202089029.
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Memeti, Vali, Louis Oppenheim, Kevin Werts, Dustin Williams, Calvin G. Barnes, Scott R. Paterson, and Melanie A. Barnes. "TRACKING STAGES OF MAGMATIC EVOLUTION BY COMPARISON OF TRACE ELEMENTS AND ISOTOPES IN DIFFERENT MINERAL POPULATIONS IN THE TUOLUMNE INTRUSIVE COMPLEX." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303551.
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Tikhomirova, N. A., M. R. Beibulatov, N. A. Urdenko, and R. A. Buival. "RATIONAL APPLICATION OF FOLIAR DRESSING BASED ON AGROCHEMICALS TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAPE PLANTATIONS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.208-212.
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A study of the influence of foliar top dressing based on agrochemicals made it possible to establish a close correlation between the need of plants for elements of mineral nutrition and the total biological productivity of the grape bush. Trace elements contributed to the accelerated development of plants, increase stress resistance to adverse environmental conditions, increase plant immunity. As a result of the research, the optimal combination of foliar top dressing based on agrochemicals was revealed, which provides high agrobiological and economic indicators for the studied grape varieties with systemic use.
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Volkova, A. S., A. A. Mnatsakanyan, and G. V. Chuvarleeva. "“Nanosilicon” and productivity of soybean in the central zone of the Krasnodar region." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-7.
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This article indicates the results of studies of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers with trace elements based on pure silicon – “Nanosilicon” – on the productivity of soybean plants. Soya is a unique crop in its specificity. It is widely used in the food industry, both in the process of human food production, and in the production of animal feed. Silicon is the second most abundant element in the lithosphere of our planet. It increases stress resistance of plants, improves absorbing capacity of the root system, helps plants to retain moisture in the dry period, and strengthens the cell walls of plants. In general, the result was positive regardless of the amount of the preparation used, so the yield increased on average by 12.9 %, oil collection – by 12.8 %, and protein collection – by 15.1 %.
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Azizi Ibrahim, Mohamed, Faisal Al-Enezi, Marie Van Steene, and Alan Fernandes. "LEARNINGS FROM SPECTRAL GR MEASUREMENTS FROM LWD AND FROM CUTTINGS IN HIGH AND LOW ANGLE WELLS." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0062.
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Spectral gamma-ray (SGR) data were acquired from a new slim logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool and from surface cuttings in a near vertical well and in a horizontal well across clastic deposits. Comparison of the data from both measurements indicates that there are advantages from both methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data from cuttings also support the findings. The formation evaluation objective is to quantify the volumes of each mineral and fluid present in the formation. SGR data brings the required additional information to reduce the mineral volume uncertainty, especially for the clays in the formation with complex mineral assemblages. In the studied clastic deposits, several clay types are present (with the dominant contribution from illite and kaolinite) together with feldspars and trace elements like zircon and other heavy minerals. The presence of gas introduces another unknown, since it affects the porosity measurements and fluid volume calculation through bulk density and neutron porosity. The comparison of SGR data from LWD logs and from cuttings brings robustness to our conclusions. Comparison of the thorium, potassium, and uranium concentrations from LWD logs and from cuttings shows good agreement in the measurements for the low-angle well. The high-angle well data also shows good agreement between the two measurements except for the cleaner sand section. The results from the cuttings are affected by the accuracy of sample depth control due to the poor borehole conditions and inefficiency in evacuating cuttings in high-angle wells compared to low-angle wells. The trend of the SGR is maintained. The LWD SGR elemental concentrations are then used to solve the formation mineral fractions, which are compared with the same fractions from the XRD on cuttings. Similar conclusions are drawn for the elemental concentrations. The potassium concentration enables the quantification of illite and potassium feldspar. Uranium brings a significant contribution to the total GR measurement, which could lead to a clay volume overestimation if the uranium contributions weren’t excluded. In conclusion, LWD provides superior quality SGR data compared with SGR from cuttings because of the better depth control and vertical resolution. SGR on cuttings can be an alternative when combined with other LWD measurements and accepting a higher uncertainty, in case LWD SGR cannot be run due to certain borehole conditions. This paper compares the results of a slim tool LWD and cuttings SGR data for the first time and concludes on the applicability of each technique.
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Mansur, Eduardo, Sarah Dare, and Cesar Ferreira Filho. "The distribution of trace elements in sulfides and magnetite from the Jaguar hydrothermal nickel deposit: A potential link between IOA and IOCG deposits within the Carajás Mineral Province?" In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7271.
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Mnatsakanyan, A. A., G. V. Chuvarleeva, and A. S. Volkova. "“Nanosilicon” and productivity of corn for grain under the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-34.
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This article describes the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers with trace elements based on pure silicon – “Nanosilicon” on corn plants. It is important to point out that new and perfect varieties are created every year, although, without the use of fertilizers, they will not be able to give the maximum yield. The main nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, often forgetting silicon, even though it also plays an important role in growth and development, as well as in the crop yield; in this research, we studied corn in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Fertilizer “Nanosilicon” increased the height of corn plants by an average of 17 cm or 9.9 %; wet weight by 100.4 g/plant or 17.5 %; yield, as one of the main indicators, by 7.68 kg/ha or 15.4 %.
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Aluvihara, Suresh, C. S. Kalpage, P. W. S. K. Bandaranayake, W. M. A. T. Bandara, and Ciprian Chelaru. "Investigations and Analysis of Earth Materials towards the Developments in Some Advanced Chemical and Catalytic Uses." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.i.3.
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Earth materials are some sort of valuable resources with some multiples uses in some of industrial purposes and they are obtaining some economical values based upon the demand and the abundance. According to the most of research and experiments that relevant with the characteristics of solid earth materials, mainly there were obtained and disclosed some various outstanding physic-chemical characteristics of a large number of earth materials including the applications of material processing, nano-materials, composite materials and hard materials. In the existing research there were expected to characterize some selected clay varieties, a dolomite variety and a feldspar variety which are available in Sri Lanka towards the developments especially in some advanced chemical and catalytic applications. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopic analysis and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis were done for all of selected materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done for three different selected clays and the Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis was done for three different clay types and for a dolomite variety. According to the obtained results for the research, there were found the presence of at least 75% of Fe as the major element in each of clay with some other trace metallic elements such as K, Ti, Ca, Ba and Zr in such clays, kaolinite, montmorillonite and some of Fe minerals namely as muscovite and glauconite in such clays with quartz as a non-clayey mineral. There were found some higher amount of calcite in the selected dolomite with a trace amount of K and also there were found some higher K and Ca amounts presence in the selected feldspar rocks. When comparing the obtained results with past research out comes and modifications of materials, it seems that these materials will be much useful in the industrial applications such as the catalytic activities, waste water treatment applications in the removal of heavy metals due to the adsorption capacity, ion exchanging materials to remove unnecessary ions from waste water and in the removal of hardness from waste water due to the adsorption capacity of dolomite.
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PEKARSKAS, Juozas, Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS, Anželika DAUTARTĖ, and Aida STIKLIENĖ. "RECYCLING OF MINERAL SERPENTINITE WASTE FROM MINING INDUSTRY AND ITS USE IN AGRICULTURE TO IMPROVE SOIL AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.102.
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The influence of processing the serpentinite quarry from the Caucasian mountains at the foot of the Mount Elbrus crushed waste on soil agrochemical properties, phytotoxicity of spring barley, influence on barley plant biomass and its chemical composition were investigated. Ground and granular serpentinite had a different effect on soil and plants. Application of serpentinite fertilizers significantly increased the content of calcium, iron, 227.95-376.75 and 5.05-9.62 mg kg-1, total and plant-derived magnesium 0.34-0.52 and 1.19-2.16 mg kg-1, lead and nickel, while the amount of copper dropped substantially; the soil was becoming more alkaline. Application of ground serpentinite lead to alkalizing of the soil much more compared to the granular, with a significant increase in plant-derived magnesium. The influence of serpentinite increased the yield of spring barley plants in green and dry mass by 0.049-0.256 and 0.011-0.046 g or 0.65-3.41 and 1.19-2.59% out of the growing vessel, and dry matter increased by 0.12-0.26 % units, the yield of spring barley green and dry mass under the influence of ground serpentinite was higher than of granular serpentinite fertilizer, and the dry matter was found to be significantly higher than that of unfertilized spring barley plants. Ground and granular serpentinite was not phytotoxic to spring barley. An application of ground serpentinite increased an amount of calcium, potassium and magnesium in the barley dry matter compared to the granular serpentinite. Ground and granular serpentinite reduced the amount of trace elements copper and manganese in the dry mass of the plant, and the amount of zinc decreased only after fertilization with granular serpentinite. An application of serpentinite significantly decreased content of lead, chrome and cadmium while nickel content significantly increased in the dry matter of barley plants.
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Vidal C. S. R. Soares de Oliveira, Filipe, Ricardo Tepedino Martins Gomes, Carlos Eduardo Dias Roriz, Krishna Milani Simões Silva, and Rafael Correa de Toledo. "Lithology Identification Through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analyses on Drill Cuttings While Drilling in Santos Basin." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210151-ms.
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Abstract The present research propouses a methodology using XRF analysis on drill cuttings samples, obtained during well drilling, for characterizing pre-salt reservoir formations in the Santos Basin, southeast of Brazil in order to identify composition variations in carbonates, clay zones and potential igneous rocks. In this study 16 off-set wells were analyzed where XRF analysis was performed on drill cuttings samples. Aftwerwards the results were compared with lithogeochemical and gamma-ray spectral logs, determining the consistency of the data. The lithological interpretations were based on macroscopic (sidewall core samples - SWC) and microscopic (thin section) descriptions and geochemical analyses from SWC samples. This permitted us to comprehend the variations observed in the carbonate reservoir and to identify possible igneous rocks. From the results, a pattern of responses could be established for the XRF method for each lithology within the Pre-salt section, using the major elements (Mg, Ca, Si, k, Fe and Al) and some minor elements and trace elements (Sr, Rb, Y, Zr, Ti, Nb, Ga). The variations of the major elements were best observed in radar and bar charts, that use only the major elements, which enabled the separation of the lithological section into six main sets: limestones, dolomitic carbonates, silicified carbonates, carbonates with magnesian clay, siliciclastic rocks (shale/siltstone/sandstone) and basic igneous rocks (basalt/diabase). For quality control, still during drilling, comparative analysis by three approaches was proposed: a) the systematic comparison of the proportion of elements composing the same mineral, such as Ca and Sr, K and Rb, and Al and Ga; b) the comparison of XRF data with XRD data; and c) comparison with calcimetry data in a cutting sample. Furthermore, in order to support the interpretations, four crossplots (Ca × Si; K.Rb × Al.Zr; Rb × Sr; Zr × Fe) and one crossover (Rb × Sr) were generated aiming to individualize the six lithological types described, as well as diagrams from the literature to identify the igneous rock type. The use of XRF on cuttings to determine lithologies during the drilling of petroleum wells is new in the literature, as well as the proposed quality control, being useful for the characterization of complex reservoirs such as Santos Basin pre-salt, being a methodology already used since 2018 by Petrobras.
Reports on the topic "Mineral trace elements"
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Smith, I. R., S. J. A. Day, R C Paulen, and D. G. Pearson. Chemical studies of kimberlite indicator minerals from stream sediment and till samples in the southern Mackenzie region (NTS 85B, C, F, G), Northwest Territories, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329080.
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Till (n=196) and stream sediment (n=60) samples were collected in the area south and west of Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories (NTS 85B, C, F, and G), over the course of 3 summer field seasons. Samples were processed to recover kimberlite and other indicator minerals. This report summarizes results of the kimberlite indicator mineral (KIM) studies, including measures of KIM mineral types, abundances, and chemistry (major, trace, and rare earth elements). KIMs were present in 24% of the samples collected, and only 183 KIM grains in total were recovered, of which Cr-pyrope garnets were the most abundant (65.6%). Chemical analyses revealed strong similarities to the Drybones Bay and Mud Lake kimberlites which are situated 50 to >100 km to the northeast, roughly aligned with prominent glacially streamlined landform flowsets in this field area. Results suggest there is little evidence for undetected kimberlite outcrop or sub-crop in the study area.
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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.
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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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Knight, R. D., and B. A. Kjarsgaard. Comparative pXRF and Lab ICP-ES/MS methods for mineral resource assessment, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331239.
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The Geological Survey of Canada undertook a mineral resource assessment for a proposed national park in northern Canada (~ 33,500 km2) spanning the transition from boreal forest to barren lands tundra. Bedrock geology of this region is complex and includes the Archean Slave Craton, the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Rae domain of the Churchill Province, the Paleoproterozoic Thelon and Taltson magmatic-tectonic zones, and the Paleoproterozoic East Arm sedimentary basin. The area has variable mineral potential for lode gold, kimberlite-hosted diamonds, VMS, vein uranium and copper, SEDEX, as well as other deposit types. A comparison of analytical methods was carried out after processing the field collected samples to acquire both the < 2 mm and for the < 0.063 mm size fractions for 241 surficial sediment (till) samples, collected using a 10 x 10 km grid. Analytical methods comprised: 1) aqua regia followed by ICP-MS analysis, 2) 4-acid hot dissolution followed by ICP-ES/MS analysis, 3) lithium metaborate/tetraborate fusion methods followed by ICP-ES for major elements and ICP-MS for trace elements and, 4) portable XRF on dried, non-sieved sediment samples subjected to a granular segregation processing technique (to produce a clay-silt proxy) for seventeen elements (Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, and Zr) Results indicate that pXRF data do not replicate exactly the laboratory 4-acid and fusion data (in terms of precision and accuracy), but the relationship between the datasets is systematic as displayed in x-y scattergrams. Interpolated single element plots indicate that till samples with anomalies of high and low pXRF concentration levels are synonymous with high and low laboratory-based analytical concentration levels, respectively. The pXRF interpolations thus illustrate the regional geochemical trends, and most importantly, the significant geochemical anomalies in the surficial samples. These results indicate that pXRF spectrometry for a subset of elements is comparable to traditional laboratory methods. pXRF spectrometry also provides the benefit of rapid analysis and data acquisition that has a direct influence on real time sampling designs. This information facilitates efficient and cost-effective field projects (i.e. where used to identify regions of interest for high density sampling), and to prioritize samples to be analyzed using traditional geochemical methods. These tactics should increase the efficiency and success of a mineral exploration and/or environmental sampling programs.
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Neyedley, K., J. J. Hanley, Z. Zajacz, and M. Fayek. Accessory mineral thermobarometry, trace element chemistry, and stable O isotope systematics, Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC), Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328986.
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The Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC) is an Archean polyphase magmatic body located in the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde (DBL) mining camp of the Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec, that is spatially associated with numerous gold (Au)-rich VMS, epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems, and shear zone-hosted (orogenic?) Au deposits. To elucidate the P-T conditions of crystallization, and oxidation state of the MIC magmas, accessory minerals (zircon, rutile, titanite) have been characterized using a variety of analytical techniques (e.g., trace element thermobarometry). The resulting trace element and oxythermobarometric database for accessory minerals in the MIC represents the first examination of such parameters in an Archean magmatic complex in a world-class mineralized district. Mineral thermobarometry yields P-T constraints on accessory mineral crystallization consistent with the expected conditions of tonalite-trondhjemite-granite (TTG) magma genesis, well above peak metamorphic conditions in the DBL camp. Together with textural observations, and mineral trace element data, the P-T estimates reassert that the studied minerals are of magmatic origin and not a product of metamorphism. Oxygen fugacity constraints indicate that while the magmas are relatively oxidizing (as indicated by the presence of magmatic epidote, titanite, and anhydrite), zircon trace element systematics indicate that the magmas were not as oxidized as arc magmas in younger (post-Archean) porphyry environments. The data presented provides first constraints on the depth and other conditions of melt generation and crystallization of the MIC. The P-T estimates and qualitative fO2 constraints have significant implications for the overall model for formation (crystallization, emplacement) of the MIC and potentially related mineral deposits.
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Leybourne, M. I., J. M. Peter, M A Schmidt, D. Layton-Matthews, A. Voinot, and L. Mathieu. Geochemical evidence for a magmatic contribution to the metal budget of the Windy Craggy Cu-Co(±Zn) volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, northwestern British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328018.
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Volcanogenic massive-sulfide (VMS) deposits may have had metal contributions from magmatic degassing and leaching of footwall rocks. The Windy Craggy Cu-Co-Zn VMS deposit in northwestern British Columbia may include magmatic contributions, based on laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of fluid inclusions (enriched in Sb, Sn, and Bi) and lithogeochemistry. Sulfide-mineral trace-element abundances in the massive-sulfide orebody, underlying stockwork zone, gold zone, and altered and unaltered mafic rock and argillite were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Elevated Au, W, As, Bi, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, Ag, Co, and Mo contents occur within the gold and/or stockwork zones. Increasing 'magmatic metals' with increasing Co/Ni values suggest direct magmatic contribution to the deposit. Covariation of Co with these so-called 'magmatic elements' indicates that it, too, may be of magmatic origin, sourced via fluids exsolved from a crystallizing magma; however, evidence from the composition of rocks and sulfide minerals from Windy Craggy and other VMS deposits suggests that there is probably no meaningful distinction between hydrothermal leaching and direct magmatic contributions and that most - if not all - fluids that form VMS deposits should be termed 'magmatic-hydrothermal'.
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Dare, S. A. S., D. E. Ames, P. C. Lightfoot, S. J. Barnes, and G. Beaudoin. Mineral chemistry and supporting databases for TGI4 project on "Trace elements in Fe-oxides from fertile and barren igneous complexes: Investigating their use as a vectoring tool in the intrusions that host Ni-Cu-PGE deposits". Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293640.
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Mason, G. Trace element-sulfide mineral association in eastern oil shale. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6928054.
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Beckett-Brown, C. E., A. M. McDonald, and M. B. McClenaghan. Discovering a porphyry deposit using tourmaline: a case study from Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331349.
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As the exploration for porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits has become increasingly challenging, the development of more effective techniques directed at detecting buried deposits has become critical. One methodology is to focus on key minerals, one of which is tourmaline, a robust, ubiquitous mineral in most mineralized porphyry systems. Overall, a combination of physical and chemical characteristics including 1) macro-color, 2) morphology, 3) inclusion populations, and 4) trace-element compositions are useful in discriminating between porphyry- versus non-porphyry-derived (or related) tourmaline in surficial sediments (Beckett-Brown 2022). These features are applied to tourmaline obtained from stream sediment samples (n = 22) from 16 streams derived from the unglaciated terrain proximal to the Casino calc-alkaline porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit (Yukon Territory, Canada). The obtained tourmaline occurs as two distinct morphologies: 1) individual blocky to prismatic sub- to euhedral grains (Type 1), 2) aggregates of radiating prismatic to acicular sub- to euhedral grains (Type 2). Type 1 grains display trace-element contents that reflect mixed origins including a mineralized porphyry origin as well metamorphic and pegmatitic (background) environments. Type 2 grains almost exclusively exhibit porphyry-derived trace-element chemistries (i.e., high Sr/Pb ~150 avg. and relatively low Zn/Cu ~2.5 avg. values). In Canadian Creek, that directly drains from the Casino deposit, samples closest to the deposit contain >70% porphyry-derived tourmaline, while other streams in the region from unprospective drainage basins contain no porphyry-derived tourmaline. At the most distal sample site in Canadian Creek, ~20 km downstream from Casino, nearly 30% of the recovered tourmaline in the stream sediments is porphyry-related. This method has potential to be a strong indicator of prospectivity and applicable for exploration for porphyry Cu-Au-Mo systems in both unglaciated and glaciated terrains.
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Jonasson, I. R., E M Hillary, M. D. Hannington, P. Mercier-Langevin, and D. Diekrup. Trace-element geochemistry of ore-mineral separates from selected Canadian base-metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326134.
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Neyedley, K., J. J. Hanley, P. Mercier-Langevin, and M. Fayek. Ore mineralogy, pyrite chemistry, and S isotope systematics of magmatic-hydrothermal Au mineralization associated with the Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC), Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328985.
Full textAbstract:
The Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC) is an Archean polyphase magmatic body located in the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde (DBL) mining camp of the Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. The MIC is spatially associated with numerous gold (Au)-rich VMS, epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems, and shear zone-hosted (orogenic?) Au deposits. To elucidate genetic links between deposits and the MIC, mineralized samples from two of the epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems (Doyon and Grand Duc Au-Cu) have been characterized using a variety of analytical techniques. Preliminary results indicate gold (as electrum) from both deposits occurs relatively late in the systems as it is primarily observed along fractures in pyrite and gangue minerals. At Grand Duc gold appears to have formed syn- to post-crystallization relative to base metal sulphides (e.g. chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite), whereas base metal sulphides at Doyon are relatively rare. The accessory ore mineral assemblage at Doyon is relatively simple compared to Grand Duc, consisting of petzite (Ag3AuTe2), calaverite (AuTe2), and hessite (Ag2Te), while accessory ore minerals at Grand Duc are comprised of tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3), volynskite (AgBiTe2), native Te, tsumoite (BiTe) or tetradymite (Bi2Te2S), altaite (PbTe), petzite, calaverite, and hessite. Pyrite trace element distribution maps from representative pyrite grains from Doyon and Grand Duc were collected and confirm petrographic observations that Au occurs relatively late. Pyrite from Doyon appears to have been initially trace-element poor, then became enriched in As, followed by the ore metal stage consisting of Au-Ag-Te-Bi-Pb-Cu enrichment and lastly a Co-Ni-Se(?) stage enrichment. Grand Duc pyrite is more complex with initial enrichments in Co-Se-As (Stage 1) followed by an increase in As-Co(?) concentrations (Stage 2). The ore metal stage (Stage 3) is indicated by another increase in As coupled with Au-Ag-Bi-Te-Sb-Pb-Ni-Cu-Zn-Sn-Cd-In enrichment. The final stage of pyrite growth (Stage 4) is represented by the same element assemblage as Stage 3 but at lower concentrations. Preliminary sulphur isotope data from Grand Duc indicates pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite all have similar delta-34S values (~1.5 � 1 permille) with no core-to-rim variations. Pyrite from Doyon has slightly higher delta-34S values (~2.5 � 1 permille) compared to Grand Duc but similarly does not show much core-to-rim variation. At Grand Duc, the occurrence of Au concentrating along the rim of pyrite grains and associated with an enrichment in As and other metals (Sb-Ag-Bi-Te) shares similarities with porphyry and epithermal deposits, and the overall metal association of Au with Te and Bi is a hallmark of other intrusion-related gold systems. The occurrence of the ore metal-rich rims on pyrite from Grand Duc could be related to fluid boiling which results in the destabilization of gold-bearing aqueous complexes. Pyrite from Doyon does not show this inferred boiling texture but shares characteristics of dissolution-reprecipitation processes, where metals in the pyrite lattice are dissolved and then reconcentrated into discrete mineral phases that commonly precipitate in voids and fractures created during pyrite dissolution.