Journal articles on the topic 'Mineral industries Australia Finance'
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1
Sharma (A), Shankar. "BOOK REVIEW: The Minerals Industries of ASEAN and Australia: Problems and Prospects, edited by Bruce McKern and Praipol Koomsup." Southeast Asian Economies 6, no. 2 (1989): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae6-2l.
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Kondratiev, V. B. "Australian Mining Industry: Positions and Perspectives." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1/2022 (March 15, 2022): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1-91-102.
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Australia has a world-leading mining industry as a producer for some 16 commodities including gold, bauxite, iron ore, rare earths, zinc, nickel and coal. In 2021, Australia’s mineral exports (excluding petroleum products) amounted to $200 billion which was 58% of all good’s export and 46% of all exported goods and services. In 2021, mining accounted for more than 10% of gross national product. In addition, the mining industry employed some 240 000 people, with many more employed by related industries. Australia is richly endowed with many minerals, that are regarded as critical, or strategic, minerals by many trading partners. Growing markets for these commodities, particularly for those associated with emerging technologies such as battery storage, renewable energy and electric vehicles have stimulated exploration and resource delineation in Australia in recent years
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Muryanto, S., and H. M. Ang. "An Interesting Final-Year Undergraduate Laboratory Project: Investigation of Gypsum Scale Formation on Piping Surfaces." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50179.
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The formation of scales in pipes and on the surfaces of vessels is one of the major problems encountered by the mineral processing industry in Australia and elsewhere. A cursory study revealed that one of the main components of the scales was gypsum or calcium sulfate dihydrate. This paper discusses a typical undergraduate laboratory project to investigate the formation of calcium sulfate dihydrate scale on the surfaces of different types of pipes under isothermal conditions. This laboratory exercise is essentially a crystallization process and is suggested as one of the topics for final-year chemical engineering undergraduate project since it is a very important unit operation in the chemical, mineral, or pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Calcium sulfate dihydrate, laboratory project, scale formation, and undergraduate curriculum..
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Francis, Roger. "Duplex Stainless Steels: The Versatile Alloys." Corrosion 76, no. 5 (November 14, 2019): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3403.
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Duplex stainless steels were first manufactured early in the 20th century, but it was the invention of argon oxygen decarburization melting and the addition of nitrogen that made the alloys stronger, more weldable, and more corrosion resistant. Today, there is a family of duplex stainless steels covering a range of compositions and properties, but they all share high strength and good corrosion resistance, especially to stress corrosion cracking, compared with similar austenitic stainless steels. This paper briefly reviews the range of modern duplex stainless steels and why they are widely used in many industries. They are the workhorse corrosion-resistant alloy in the oil and gas industry. In this paper, their use in three industries common in Australia and New Zealand is reviewed: oil and gas, mineral processing, and desalination. The corrosion resistance in the relevant fluids is reviewed and some case histories highlight both successes and potential problems with duplex alloys in these industries.
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Dobronravova, E. P. "Industry effects of monetary policy in Russia: Econometric analysis." Journal of the New Economic Association 55, no. 3 (2022): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-55-3-3.
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This paper presents the econometric analysis of the heterogenous effects of monetary policy on industrial output and producer prices in manufacturing sector in Russia. The estimation of the differences in the impulce responses to the interest rate shock is conducted using structural VAR-models, the analysis of key industrial characteristics, explaining differences through monetary transmission channes, is based on principal components and correlations. Our findings reveal the strongest response to monetary policy in such industries as manufacture of rubber and plastic products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, manufacture of pulp and paper, manufacture of machinery nd equipment, manufacture of electrical, electronic and optical equipment and manufacture of motor vehicles and equipment. Besides, in these industries the response is usually deffered to 2–3 months after the shock. Our findings also show that the impact of monetary shocks on output is particulary strong in industries producing capital goods and supplies for construction but particularly weak in industries with high concentration and high profits. That means that differences in industrial responses to monetary policy can be described by two key channels of monetary transmission — interest rate channel (due to high demand sensitivity to interest rate changes) and bank lending channel (due to important role of bank loans in fi rms’ financing).
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Morozow, O. "ACCESS TO LAND FOR EXPLORATION — THE ADOPTION OF MULTIPLE LAND USE PRINCIPLES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87025.
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The continued access to land for exploration by the petroleum and mineral industries in Australia has been increasingly impeded by State and Commonwealth legislation aimed at dedicating Crown Land for single land uses.In September 1986, South Australia's Minister for Mines and Energy, Ron Payne, announced a Cabinet decision for 'a package of recommendations designed to foster multiple land-use concepts and to ensure that no land is alienated from exploration without careful consideration of the sub-surface mineral/petroleum potential, relevant economic factors and the existing and potential sub-surface rights'.In this one innovative and potentially far-reaching move, the South Australian Government has:provided a framework to reconcile conflicting interests;indicated a willingness to listen and act upon the expressed legitimate concerns of industries of vital economic importance to the State;made it necessary for the proponents of reserve areas such as National Parks to be more accountable and to provide balanced, scientific substantiation;indicated its intention to make legislative changes to allow for the adoption of multiple land-use principles; andredressed the imbalance where, in the words of the Minister, 'Legislation providing for Aboriginal land rights, the creation of national and conservation parks, and State Government heritage areas have, to varying degrees, created unforeseen consequences for the resources industry'.The first practical test of this new Government policy is the proposed declaration of the Innamincka Regional Reserve, currently a 14 000 sq km pastoral lease within some of the most productive areas of PELs 5 & 6 held jointly by Santos Ltd. and Delhi Petroleum Pty. Ltd.It is intended that this new form of reserve will allow for the protection of specific areas of environmental sensitivity and of cultural, scientific and historic value, while still allowing for the continuation of pastoral, tourist and petroleum exploration/ production activity within the major part of the reserve area.
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de Silva Lokuwaduge, Chitra S. "Editorial Volume 16 Issue 2. March 2022." Australasian Business, Accounting and Finance Journal 16, no. 2 (2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i2.1.
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This Special Issue is based on selected papers from the Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) and Sustainability Conference (2021). This is the second ESG conference held by Victoria University Business School (VUBS) and the Institute of Sustainable Industries and the Liveable Cities (ISILC) of Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Witcomb, Andrea, and Alistair Patterson. "Collections without End." Museum Worlds 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2018.060108.
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The discovery of five photographs in 2018 in the State Library of Western Australia led us to the existence of a forgotten private museum housing the collection of Captain Matthew McVicker Smyth in early-twentieth-century Perth. Captain Smyth was responsible for the selling of Nobel explosives used in the agriculture and mining industries. The museum contained mineral specimens in cases alongside extensive, aesthetically organized displays of Australian Aboriginal artifacts amid a wide variety of ornaments and decorative paintings. The museum reflects a moment in the history of colonialism that reminds us today of forms of dispossession, of how Aboriginal people were categorized in Australia by Western worldviews, and of the ways that collectors operated. Our re-creation brings back into existence a significant Western Australian museum and opens up a new discussion about how such private collections came into existence and indeed, in this instance, about how they eventually end.
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Ruzmetov, Baxtiyar, Uktamjon Yeshimbetov, and Kamoliddin Jabbarov. "FORMATION OF PRODUCTION GROWTH POINTS ON THE BASIS OF MINERAL - RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES AS A FACTOR OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN." 62, no. 62 (December 31, 2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2524-2547-2021-62-03.
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The use of mineral resources plays an important role in the global economy. “As noted in the British newspaper“ Financial Times ”, this sector ranks 1st in the world in terms of capitalization of the largest companies, including mining itself (excluding oil and gas) - 5th place among global industries after the banking sector, oil and gas industry, pharmaceutical and computer industries"(Kondratyev, 2014). In the developed and rapidly developing countries of the world, industrial growth is achieved through the effective use of the local potential of natural resources, improvement of the structural composition of the industry. According to the World Bank, in 2018 the share of mineral resources in GDP was 0,9 percent in Canada, 3,5 percent in Australia and 2,5 percent in Brazil, while in Uzbekistan the figure was 12,3 percent (Saydaxmedov, 2020). Many large scientific centers around the world are working on changing the methodology for the economic assessment of mineral resources, taking into account the regional economy, new economic geography, changes in the subjects of the institutional economy and the growth of knowledge that has occurred in recent years. Much attention is paid to the use of socio-economic indicators along with technical and economic indicators in assessing the mineral resource base. Consequently, due to the development of mineral resources, opportunities arise for creating new jobs, increasing the income of the population, introducing innovative ideas and technologies in practice, and creating a competitive environment in the economy. Therefore, the study of problems in this area in connection with the social sphere and institutions acquires the necessary scientific significance. The article discusses the formation of points of production growth. The main directions of the formation of points of production growth based on mineral-raw material resources are being studied. The distribution of mineral-raw material resources by zones of Karakalpakstan is investigated. In addition, the article talks about the specific features of the formation of reference points of growth. The stages of the formation of growth support points based on the local mineral-raw material resources of Karakalpakstan in 2020-2030 are also considered.
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Tucker, D. H., I. G. Hone, D. Downie, A. Luyendyk, K. Horsfall, and V. Anfiloff. "Aeromagnetic regional survey of onshore Australia." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 2 (February 1988): 254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442460.
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The Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources (BMR) is responsible for the National Airborne Magnetic Database. This data base consists of results from approximately 3 500 000 line‐km of regional survey flying carried out over 35 years, recording total magnetic intensity. The magnetic data base is one of the most important geophysical data bases for Australia and is used extensively by the minerals and petroleum exploration industries. First‐pass coverage of onshore Australia is aimed for completion in 1992. This coverage contains data from surveys with a wide range of specifications, resulting in a wide range of data quality; some of the areas covered by poorer quality data may be reflown later. For the most part, the intention has been to acquire data at a continuous ground clearance of 150 m and with a line spacing of 1500 m. However, over some sedimentary basins, the line spacing is in excess of 3200 m. New color and grey‐scale (image processed type) digital magnetic maps (pixel maps) are in preparation; these will supersede the 1976 digital magnetic map of Australia, which was gridded on a 1.2 minute mesh (2000 m) mostly by digitizing contours on maps. The new map, produced from flight‐line data, will have a grid size of 0.25 minutes. Initially, a series of maps will be produced with each one covering a block of 4 degrees latitude by 6 degrees longitude, coinciding with standard 1 : 1 000 000 map sheets. An example included for the Adelaide 1 : 1 000 000 map sheet in Southern Australia shows a dramatic increase in the number of anomalies over those that were evident in earlier contour presentations.
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Bahmani‐Oskooee, Mohsen, and Hanafiah Harvey. "A nonlinear approach to the U.S.–Australia commodity trade and the J‐curve: Evidence from 123 industries." Australian Economic Papers 58, no. 3 (September 2019): 318–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.12157.
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Simon, György. "Market reforms and 'Economic miracle' in Kazakhstan." Ekonomski anali 54, no. 182 (2009): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0982067s.
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Kazakhstan's postcommunist transition is characterized by gradual changes under the conditions of a limited democracy. These changes have embraced extensive price and trade liberalization, and resolutely promoted privatization and the building of market institutions, although structural reforms and the struggle against corruption have made little progress. The country's financial independence was established with the introduction of the tenge in 1993. Transformational recession reached its maximum in 1995, since when only the 1998 Asian and Russian crises have interrupted continuous growth. However, the Kazakh economy is very sensitive to fluctuations in world energy and mineral prices, as the extractive industries, primarily oil and gas, have a crucial role in its development.
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Sylos Labini, Stefania. "Editorial: Challenging issues in risk governance and control." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 9, no. 4 (2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv9i4_editorial.
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The leitmotif of this fourth issue of the journal seems to revolve around the role of finance in the current context of climate change. Concerns about the disastrous effects of climate change affect many areas. The rapidity of climate change requires urgent action from governments, industries and businesses to build more resilient communities and reduce the impact of disasters. The most recent example is the disaster that is affecting Australia, with fires fueled by record temperatures and entrenched drought conditions. Coordinated national action is critical for managing the impacts of this phenomenon. Although the most immediate financial impact of catastrophic events regards the insurance sector, the whole world of finance is affected by these phenomena. In this context, areas of growing interest for scholars at the international level are sustainable finance, corporate social responsibility and insurance.
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Angus, J. F. "Nitrogen supply and demand in Australian agriculture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 3 (2001): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00141.
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The supply of and demand for nitrogen by whole industries and individual crops is discussed in relation to changes in farming systems, particularly the relative importance of fertiliser and biologically fixed nitrogen. The use of fertiliser nitrogen (N) in Australia has grown at an annual rate of 14% since the early 1990s, after growing at half that rate since the 1950s. The accelerated growth occurred during a period when world demand has been almost constant. Most of the additional demand has been for the dryland cereal and canola industries of southern Australia, where crops previously obtained almost all their N from mineralisation of soil organic matter and the residues of legume pastures. The most likely reasons for the belated increase in use of fertiliser N in Australia are to replace the supply from pasture residues as the area of pasture decreased and to satisfy the increased demand of cereals following break crops and of the break crops themselves, particularly canola. For a dryland cereal, there is a problem of matching soil N supply with an unpredictable N demand. For winter cereals in Australia, crop N demand is poorly synchronised with soil N supply. The time of greatest demand is normally during the stem-elongation phase when the crop is growing fastest. For crops targeted for high-protein grain, there is an even greater demand around the flowering phase. The peak N demand for well-managed crops growing with no water limitations exceeds the capacity of the soil to supply N from mineralisation at the time, so additional N is required to meet the shortfall, either from fertiliser or mineral N retained in the soil from earlier mineralisation. Predicting the optimum supply of fertiliser N at sowing is difficult in cases where N demand is influenced by variable rainfall. Topdressing and banding fertiliser offer prospects for more closely matching N supply and demand for dryland crops. The future role of legumes in supplying residual N is discussed in relation to the trend towards continuous cropping.
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Alonso, Abel D., and Seng Kok. "A resource-based view and dynamic capabilities approach in the context of a region’s international attractiveness: The recent case of Western Australia." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 33, no. 3 (March 25, 2018): 307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094218765167.
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This exploratory study proposes a framework based on the resource view theory and the dynamic capabilities approach to further the understanding of a region’s attractiveness, particularly from an international perspective. The case of Western Australia is examined through in-depth, face-to-face interviews with nine country consuls experienced in international trade. The findings revealed significant ways in which Western Australia could enhance its future commercial appeal. The findings revealed the value of synergies between this state and other countries, particularly exchanging expertise, transferring knowledge, or exporting know-how, education, both university and industry-focused, research and development and expertise. These forms of regional attractiveness emphasise the strategic role of industry resources and dynamic capabilities, thus, underscoring the usefulness and applicability of the proposed framework. While the state’s mineral exports will continue to drive its economy, harnessing its potential in other areas is crucial to adapt to changing business environments and to build sustained competitive advantage.
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Kostrykina, N. S., A. V. Korytin, and E. V. Melkova. "Taxation of copper and nickel ores mining in Australia, Canada, Chile, Kazakhstan and USA." Law Enforcement Review 5, no. 4 (January 6, 2022): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(4).159-174.
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The subject. This article discusses the taxation of copper and nickel extraction in Australia, Canada, Chile, Kazakhstan and USAThe purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the experience of taxation of copper and nickel extraction in Australia, Canada, Chile, Kazakhstan and USA may be used for modifying the mineral extraction tax (MET) in Russia in order to increase the share of resource rent collected by the government.The methodology of research includes legal interpretation and economic analysis of the tax legislation in United States, Canada, Australia, Chile and Kazakhstan as countries with a well-developed tax system and a significant size of the mining sector in overall GDP.The authors select the legislative acts of these countries and regions that determine the procedure for collecting taxes in the extraction of metal ores, including those containing copper and nickel, as well as in the production of copper and nickel. The selected legislative acts are analyzed to determine the essential parameters of taxation. Particular attention is paid to the method of calculating the tax base, taking into account the approach to assessing the value of the taxable object, permissible tax deductions and exceptions, which allows authors to test the hypothesis put forward by determining which part of the value of a mineral resource is withdrawn during taxation.The main results, scope of application. Mineral extraction tax is the main tool for collecting natural resource rent in Russia. However, the level of taxation of solid minerals and coal is disproportionately low compared to their share in the production and export of raw materials. Thus, in 2018, the amount of MET on all minerals totaled 100.5 billion rubles, while the MET collected from oil and natural gas amounted to 5,979.6 billion rubles, i.e. 60 times as much. At the same time, the role of solid minerals in the Russian economy is comparable to the role of oil and gas. The share of the main types of minerals in the exports of the Russian Federation in 2018 was 20.4% compared to 56% for oil and gas, i.e. the difference of less than three times. The contribution of the industries related to the extraction of minerals and production of metals (mining of coal, ores, diamonds, metallurgy, fertilizer production) to the Russian GDP is about half as much as that of industries involved in the extraction and processing of oil and natural gas (7% and 14% of GDP respectively).In view of the above, it is important to develop a new approach to the taxation of solid minerals in Russia based on the world’s best practices. In order to identify the general principles of their taxation, we have conducted a detailed analysis of the tax legislation in a number of countries with a well-developed tax system and a significant size of the mining sector (the United States, Canada, Australia, Chile and Kazakhstan). We focused on the taxation of copper and nickel ores mining.Conclusions. The analysis of the international experience of taxation of copper and nickel mining sector reveals the following trend: the tax is calculated based on the market value of the extracted minerals, which is linked to the price quotes for the relevant product on an organized metal exchange (for example, the price of pure metal on the London Metal Exchange). This approach can be used in the Russian tax practice in several ways. First, Russia can adopt the Australian model where royalty on a mineral resource can be levied at the time of sale of the useful component irrespective of the processing stage (ore, concentrate or metal). The second potential model is based on the actual sale price of the product (provided it is sold in an arm’s length transaction) after deducting the costs of processing (i.e., smelting, enrichment etc., depending on the stage of processing) to arrive at the market value of the ore at the "mine mouth". The third is the Canadian model which is similar to the second one, but with the extraction costs also deducted from the sale price.
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Pflugrath, Gary, Peter Roebuck, and Roger Simnett. "Impact of Assurance and Assurer's Professional Affiliation on Financial Analysts' Assessment of Credibility of Corporate Social Responsibility Information." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 30, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-10047.
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SUMMARY This study reports the results of a behavioral experiment examining whether financial analysts from Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom perceive a difference in the credibility of stand-alone corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports depending on whether they are assured, and the type of assurance provider (professional accountants versus sustainability consultants). We further examine whether the perceived credibility differs for financial analysts from the different countries and whether results hold for companies from different industries. The overall results show the credibility of a CSR report is greater when it is assured and when the assurer is a professional accountant. While assurance increases the credibility of the information in each of the three countries included, the relative impact is context-specific. Information is perceived to be more credible when a company is from an industry where assurance is more commonplace, and by financial analysts from the United States when the assurer is a professional accountant. Financial analysts from Australia and the United Kingdom perceive little difference in the enhanced credibility provided by the different assurance providers. Data Availability: Contact the first author about the availability of the data.
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Cucuzza, J. "MULTI-CLIENT COLLABORATIVE R&D CONTRIBUTING TO NATIONAL PROSPERITY: A TALE OF TWO INDUSTRIES." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97053.
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The business landscape has undergone some significant changes over the last several years. Accompanying these changes has been an alignment of corporate R&D with business goals. This has resulted in significant downsizing of corporate research laboratories and the devolving responsibility for R&D matters to operating sites or business units. The downside of this is that the operations are now more than ever focussing on productivity, industrial relations and other essential short-term profitability-motivated issues. Consequently, the changing environment is creating cultures that value and reward short-term results. This short-termism has important implications to industry and the research community.One of the more successful and cost-effective mechanisms by which Australia can enhance its R&D base and consequent prosperity is through collaborative R&D. The Australian Minerals Industries Research Association (AMIRA), together with its oil and gas Division APIRA, has demonstrated over the years how effective this can be. AMIRA's raison d'etre is to assist the resource industries improve their technology position through collaborative R&D. It achieves this by working closely with researchers and industry to identify areas of common interest, develop research proposals, and seek financial support for these proposals from industry. Once a project commences, the Association administers the financial and reporting aspects, as well as monitoring progress, organising progress review meetings and assisting in technology transfer. AMIRA/APIRA has the track record, the systems and expertise to facilitate and manage collaborative R&D focussing on industry needs.The evolution of the Australian collaborative R&D environment in the oil and gas and minerals sectors has been significantly different. The oil and gas industry, particularly in exploration, does not have a history of strong collaborative R&D in Australia. The reasons for this are varied and can be found in the different corporate cultures between mineral and oil and gas companies.
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Nguyen, Tan Cong, Ha Thu Thi Luu, and Bich Thi Dong. "Coal pricing mechanism of some countries in the world and lessons learned for Vietnam national Coal – Mineral industries holding corporation limited." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.ktqtkd2020.09.
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As one of the two largest coal production and trading units in Vietnam, Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited (Vinacomin) is still operating both under the planning mechanism and the market mechanism. Additionally, in recent years, the group's coal price is also being built under these mechanisms. In the context of increasingly deep integration, fluctuating coal price and market, the competition of imported coal is getting more and more fierce, while coal mining conditions are increasingly difficult, the coal production and trading still have many shortcomings, so it is necessary to have a coal price determination mechanism accordance with the actual conditions of the Vietnamese coal market. Therefore, in order to determine the coal price scientifically and in association with practice, the reference to the coal pricing mechanism in some countries around the world to draw lessons for Vinacomin plays an important role. The content of this article mentions the coal pricing mechanism in some countries with a large amount of coal mining and consumption such as China, Australia, Russia, Indonesia,... thereby giving a comprehensive view of the coal price management, operation and construction mechanism of some coal markets in the world and as a reference basis for Vinacomin.
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Sandu, Nitirajsingh, and Ergun Gide. "Investigation of challenges and opportunities for the adoption of cloud-based Internet of things (IoT) in Australian agricultural SME." Global Journal of Information Technology: Emerging Technologies 7, no. 3 (December 24, 2017): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjit.v7i3.2833.
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Increasing adoption of the Internet of things (IoT) is bringing revolutionary changes in the agricultural, manufacturing, retailing and finance industries, as they improve the existing business processes and reduce cost. IoT is seen as a powerful tool for agricultural SMEs in Australia, with the potential to transform farming and food production into a smart web of interconnected objects and, thus, improve the general productivity and sustainability of the food chain. However, as some of the innovative solutions may need to store the data locally on the device, and mostly on the cloud, it raises serious privacy and regulatory concerns. This paper used a pilot online survey to investigate the challenges and opportunities for adoption of IoT for Australian SMEs in agriculture and it is expected that it will help application and solution providers to address any issues that may arise in the Australian scenario.
Keywords: Internet of things, cloud systems, small-to-medium enterprises, adoption issue, agriculture, Australia.
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Mainardi, Stefano. "Geological occurrence and economic feasibility in closing decisions by gold mines." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 2, no. 2 (June 30, 1999): 240–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v2i2.2576.
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With successful exploration of deposits often lagging behind mineral extraction, and the international price of gold showing no signs of recovery, mining companies are under pressure to reassess their strategies. The decision whether or not to close a mining activity is the outcome of a process of adapting expectations to a changing economic and geological environment. Part of the literature emphasizes the role of the mineral price and operating costs. However, the extent, pace and intertemporal allocation of metal recovery is in practice determined by a complex interaction of both these with other factors. Following a review of theoretical interpretations, and a reformulation of associated hypotheses, binary-response models are applied to a sample of gold mines in mainly three major southern hemisphere producers (Australia, South Africa and Chile).
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Skryl, Tatiana, Evgeniya Shavina, and Elena Dotsenko. "New Industrial Conditions of Sustainable Development of Mineral Resource Dependent Russian Economy in High Volatility Conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 04049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910504049.
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The conditions for the transition to sustainable development and new industrial transformation for resource-dependent countries are closely linked. With the increasing volatility of the world market of raw materials and finance, the innovative modernization of the extractive industries, as the basis of the new industrialization of the economy, is experiencing significant difficulties. The article analyzes the problems of transition of the resource-dependent Russian economy to sustainable development, associated with the slowdown of the process of new industrialization in the context of the world market volatility. The authors assessed the new industrialization of the Russian economy following the 5-year period of sanctions imposed by Western countries. The article provides a theoretical review of the concept of the influence of sanctions on transition to sustainable development. The authors concluded that the mineral resources export-oriented strategy of the Russian economy still gives positive results, although the internal structure of the Russian economy has not changed significantly.
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Poppi, D. P., and S. R. McLennan. "Nutritional research to meet future challenges." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09230.
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Nutrition is a mature science with well established principles for energy, protein and mineral metabolism based on known metabolic pathways. The quantitative requirements are summarised within various international feeding standards and models. However, when these are applied to specific circumstances, especially in northern Australia, the response of the animal to nutrient supply does not always agree with that predicted from the feeding standards or the error of prediction is not sufficiently accurate for practical use. There is a need for the continual testing of these relationships within production systems. Molecular methods have the potential to discover new metabolic relationships within tissues and characterise the microbial ecology and its relationship to rumen function. Suitable problem models based on growth, meat quality, reproduction, milk and fibre production, and environmental consequences need to be identified. We suggest that production systems designed to meet market weight for age specifications, growth paths and compensatory growth, skeletal growth, parasites, fatty acid isomers, adaptation to low crude protein diets, rumen microbial ecology, epigenetics, remote data acquisition and animal management, greenhouse gas emission, and C balance of various production systems are important problem models, the research of which will benefit the future of the livestock industries in Australia.
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Irzon, Ronaldo, Agus Didit Haryanto, and Kurnia Miharja. "A Rare Earth Oxides-Containing Internal Reference Material of Purified Monazite from Bangka Island." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v16i2.4879.
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Monazite mineral contains a sufficient composition of rare earth elements which are currently required widely in modern industries. Reference materials are needed to validate the measurement results, including the rare earth elements analysis. This study presents the processing of purified monazite from the PT Timah Metallurgical Unit in Muntok to become low-cost and rare earth oxides-containing internal reference material. Eight X-ray fluorescence measurements of four splits of the monazite were done for precision test and to establish its information values. The high CeO2 and LaO2 composition (>10%) implies the economic worth of the studied sample. Based on the acceptance criteria of RSDexperimental <10%, RSDexperimental ?66%xCVHorwitz, and Horrat <2, the concentration of fourteen analytes is acceptable to be set as information values. The studied monazite content resembles the other purified one of Myanmar. Its much lower phosphate composition signifies that the sample is more precious than refined monazites from Iran and Australia. Keyword: Monazite, Internal reference material, XRF, REE.
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Merrett, David T., and Simon Ville. "Financing Growth: New Issues by Australian Firms, 1920–1939." Business History Review 83, no. 3 (2009): 563–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500003007.
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An expanding economy, new technologies, and changing consumer preferences provided growth opportunities for firms in interwar Australia. This period saw an increase in the number of large-scale firms in mining, manufacturing, and a wide range of service industries. Firms unable to rely solely on retained earnings to fund expansion turned to the domestic stock exchanges. A new data set of capital raisings constructed from reports of prospectuses published in the financial press forms the basis for the conclusion that many firms used substantial injections of equity finance to augment internally generated sources of funds. That they were able to do so indicates a strong increase in the capacity of local stock exchanges and a greater willingness of individuals to hold part of their wealthin transferable securities.
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Al-Tawil, Tareq Na'el, and Hassan Younies. "Corporate governance: on the crossroads of meta-regulation and social responsibility." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 3 (July 17, 2020): 801–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-01-2020-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss incongruities in the corporate entity over the matter of agency. In lieu of the traditional notion of moral agency theory, the stakeholder model offers congruent grounding to corporate governance. Socially irresponsible or unethical corporate activities are perceived to increase expenses, diminish shareholder value and tarnish business reputations. In contrast, socially responsible corporate practices contribute to positive attitudes to the company and contribute to the creation of competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach This paper follows the ongoing evolution of the regulatory changes instituted after the scandalous corporate fiascos of the present century, such as those of Enron and WorldCom in the USA, Polly Peck in the UK, HIH Insurance and One.Tel in Australia, and Siemens in Germany, inter alia. The exposition also touches on the regulatory metamorphosis of corporate governance in its convergence towards “meta-regulation” with corporate social responsibility at the core. Findings While meta-regulation has so far worked in many countries, caution is expressed over the perils of over-reliance on a meta-regulatory approach. Industries or market sectors should also attempt to operate from the start within the confines of self-regulation and government regulation. Market sectors and industries need to find the framework of regulation that is best suited to their operations. Originality/value The paper concludes by discussing the observed challenges and implications of such convergence, as well as future directions for law practitioners, academics and researchers in the realm of corporate conduct.
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Kells, Stuart. "Impacts of COVID-19 on corporate governance and assurance, international finance and economics, and non-fiction book publishing: some personal reflections." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 16, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-08-2020-0115.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to share personal reflections on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate governance and assurance, international finance and economics and non-fiction book publishing. The paper is intended both as a time capsule and as input for future governance and assurance reform and crisis response planning and related research. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an informal capturing and distillation of some personal experiences and insights relating to corporate governance and assurance, international finance and economics and non-fiction publishing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings A key insight from the essay is that the pandemic has had diverse and wide-ranging impacts, many of which are likely to persist beyond the immediate response and recovery periods. The impacts have been felt across the public and private sectors, the for-profit and not-for-profit sectors and different industries. Originality/value The author, based in Melbourne, Australia, had an unusually diverse and multi-faceted experience of the pandemic. The essay concludes with directions for further research.
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van der Nest, D. P., Louis Smidt, and Dave Lubbe. "The use of generalised audit software by internal audit functions in a developing country: A maturity level assessment." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 7, no. 4-2 (December 28, 2017): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgc7i4c2art2.
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This article explores the existing practices of internal audit functions in the locally controlled South African banking industry regarding the use of Generalised Audit Software (GAS), against a benchmark developed from recognised data analytic maturity models, in order to assess the current maturity levels of the locally controlled South African banks in the use of this software for tests of controls. The literature review indicates that the use of GAS by internal audit functions is still at a relatively low level of maturity, despite the accelerating adoption of information technology and generation of big data within organisations. The empirical results of this article also confirm that the maturity of the use of GAS by the internal auditors employed by locally controlled South African banks is still lower than expected, given that the world, especially from a business perspective is now fully immersed in a technological-driven business environment. This study has since been extended to other industries in the following countries namely, Canada, Columbia, Portugal and Australia.
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Izmailova, Mariya Olegovna. "Mineral extraction tax: place and role in the Tax System of the Russian Federation." Налоги и налогообложение, no. 3 (March 2022): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-065x.2022.3.33881.
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Currently, the problems of taxation of mineral extraction in the Russian Federation are very relevant, which is due not only to the formation of the monetary fund of the state, designed to finance the solution of various national tasks, but also to the rational use of natural resources. The mineral extraction tax (MET) is systemically important from the standpoint of the formation of tax revenues of the budget system of the Russian Federation. The industry specifics of the Russian economy, the predominance of extractive industries in GDP, and ensuring the profitability of the activities of extractive companies determine the significant attention of the state, business, and science to the issues of collection, administration, distribution, and reform of the mineral extraction tax. The subject of the study is the MET in the tax system of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research consists of analysis, synthesis, ascent from the abstract to the particular, logical and historical methods, as well as other general scientific methods. The place and role of the MET in the tax system of the Russian Federation are considered, the place of this tax in the system of payments for the use of natural resources levied on the territory of our country is determined. Based on the statistical reports of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, it has been established that the receipts of mineral extraction tax are steadily increasing from year to year. This trend is due to an increase in the production of such types of hydrocarbon raw materials as oil, natural gas and gas condensate. It is determined that the contribution of the subjects of the Russian Federation to the formation of the monetary fund of the country is unequal, due to the difference in the mineral resource base in the regions. It is shown that in the coming decades Russia has a powerful potential to increase the tax revenues of the budget system through taxation of hydrocarbon production. The problems of taxation of mineral extraction in Russia are highlighted. The author comes to the conclusion that the budget system of the Russian Federation has a significant tax potential in the field of taxation of natural resources extraction, provided that favorable conditions for doing business are created.
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Wang, Justine, Alla Koblyakova, Piyush Tiwari, and John S. Croucher. "Is the Australian housing market in a bubble?" International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-03-2017-0026.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore principal drivers affecting prices in the Australian housing market, aiming to detect the presence of housing bubbles within it. The data set analyzed covers the past two decades, thereby including the period of the most recent housing boom between 2012 and 2015. Design/methodology/approach The paper describes the application of combined enhanced rigorous econometric frameworks, such as ordinary least square (OLS), Granger causality and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) framework, to provide an in-depth understanding of house price dynamics and bubbles in Australia. Findings The empirical results presented reveal that Australian house prices are driven primarily by four key factors: mortgage interest rates, consumer sentiment, the Australian S&P/ASX 200 stock market index and unemployment rates. It finds that these four key drivers have long-term equilibrium in relation to house prices, and any short-term disequilibrium always self-corrects over the long term because of economic forces. The existence of long-term equilibrium in the housing market suggests it is unlikely to be in a bubble (Diba and Grossman, 1988; Flood and Hodrick, 1986). Originality/value The foremost contribution of this paper is that it is the first rigorous study of housing bubbles in Australia at the national level. Additionally, the data set renders the study of particular interest because it incorporates an analysis of the most recent housing boom (2012-2015). The policy implications from the study arise from the discussion of how best to balance monetary policy, fiscal policy and macroeconomic policy to optimize the steady and stable growth of the Australian housing market, and from its reconsideration of affordability schemes and related policies designed to incentivize construction and the involvement of complementary industries associated with property.
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Yuan, Yongke, Yixing Wang, Yuanying Chi, and Feng Jin. "Identification of Key Carbon Emission Sectors and Analysis of Emission Effects in China." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208673.
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Analysis of sectors’ emission effects is crucial for identifying key emission sectors and reducing carbon. Current literature for calculating sectors’ emission effects in China ignore intermediate demand. This might introduce inaccuracy into the analyzed results. To solve this gap, this paper used an alternative input–output method to analyze sectors’ emission effects in China. Firstly, it identifies the key emission sectors and their emission effect characteristics from 2005 to 2017. Then, the reasons for the changes in these sectors’ emission effects are analyzed. Lastly, emission effects were further decomposed so that the driving relationships of emissions among these sectors can be sorted out. The results show that the overall key emission sectors were metal smelting and processing and nonmetal mineral products. The backward-emission-dominant sectors were construction, chemical products, other services (such as finance, health and education), metal products, and so on. The forward-emission-dominant sectors were production and supply of electricity and heat, transportation, storage, postal, and telecommunications services. In 2017, transportation, storage, postal, and telecommunications services’ own final demand emissions and forward emissions accounted for 41.7% and 58.3%, respectively, of this sector’s direct emissions. Moreover, from 2005 to 2017, the main sector emission paths affecting the growth of China’s emissions shifted from manufacturing and construction industries to service industries. Accordingly, strategies for emission reduction, such as substituting pollution inputs, were proposed and analyzed. The research provides an important reference for the Chinese government to adopt appropriate measures to reduce carbon.
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Gray, P. A., J. F. Doyle, and P. H. Scaiffe. "Geosensing techniques for mineral exploration and mine planning." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989131.
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Geophysical techniques have been applied to petroleum exploration since early in the 20th Century. More recently geophysical methods have been applied in detail to mineral and coal exploration. As a generalisation, geophysical techniques have not been applied in the areas of mine planning, development and production.A variety of geophysical methods have been improved or adapted within BHP to provide accurate, cost effective services to the mine manager on time scales that are realistic for day to day planning and production. Considerable success has been achieved with in-seam seismic, cross-hole seismic and surface seismic techniques. Electrical and magnetic methods have also been beneficial for specific applications.The identification and evaluation of mineral deposits increasingly uses a range of advanced geophysical techniques. Geophysical techniques are now also emerging as key factors in mine planning and production. The purpose of this paper is to show how BHP is developing a variety of geophysical techniques to improve the eSfficiency of exploration, mine planning and production both for minerals and coal. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of these advanced geophysical techniques on day-to-day mine operations. This, of course is only one company's perspective viewpoint, but since BHP has such a wide diversity of operations, this viewpoint may have general applicability.BHP has had a long history of using geo-expertise in a wide range of operations over the past 40 years. This expertise developed in the minerals and coal industries but has subsequently developed into the petroleum industry. In regard to the coal industry alone, several notable geophysics firsts can be attributed to the coal geology groups within BHP. These firsts include: The application of surface seismics to coal exploration; Geophysical logging ? BHP were instrumental in bringing BPB Instruments Ltd to Australia; Radar ? early experiments were undertaken at Cook Colliery; Development and application of high resolution surface seismics in Queensland and New South Wales; Development and routine application of in-seam seismics; Cross-hole seismic/in-seam seismic tomography ? application of a production oriented package to coal and metalliferous mines.In the development of these techniques for the mining industry, a number of common factors are present which have resulted in them being commercially successful. BHP's background as a large resources company has obviously provided the initial impetus to develop smarter geophysical techniques, but this is only one factor which has made them successful. The old adage of a new product or technique being 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration also applies to the development of these techniques.Probably the most important single factor to consider for the successful development of innovative geophysical techniques is that they require a multi-stage team effort over at least two years, (typically 4-5 years for the more complex developments) and that failures can be expected throughout this period. Also the expectations of production personnel are often too great during this developmental stage, which leads to a perception that the technique in question is not useful even after all the 'bugs' in the system have been removed. The onus is on researchers to clearly outline both the potential benefits and possible failures of a new technique during its developmental stage, so that it will subsequently be more readily accepted in the mining production environment.
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Poletaeva, V. M., and A. M. Smulov. "Certain mechanisms of establishing economy of sustainable industrial growth in Russia and problems of their implementation." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2019-2-44-56.
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The development of Russian economy at the present stage is connected with a number of difficulties hindering its shift from the ineffective raw material export model to the model of sustainable industrial growth. The essential drawback of the raw material export model aimed at extraction and export of mineral resources and import of industrial and consumer goods is a low resistance of economic growth to the impact of different factors, such as the situation on global commodity and finance markets, geo-political and economic circumstances in other countries. In contrast to the raw material export model the foundation of the model of sustainable industrial growth is formed by technologically developed manufacturing industry, the so-called locomotive industries characterized by high labour productivity, which provides a rise in putting out products showing competitiveness both on home and overseas markets. Due to this fact such products will be able to meet a considerable proportion of demand on the part of enterprises and population of the country for industrial goods and consumer goods and at the same time to make up a serious share in the export structure. The article deals with two key groups of mechanisms providing the shift of Russian economy from the ineffective raw material export model to the model of sustainable industrial growth, i.e. finance and non-finance ones. The authors analyzed principle difficulties hindering these mechanisms’ implementation in Russia: inability of non-finance mechanisms to guarantee the rise in quality and competitivenessof home-made goods; disparity of resources’ volume to needs of the national economic system in investment; obvious disproportion in districting funds by types of economic activity; the use of enterprises’ own resources for investment, etc.
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Stock, A. "NATURAL GAS FOR TASMANIA." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88006.
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Tasmania is the only state in Australia which is not supplied with natural gas, and yet a significant gas, condensate and oil resource lies off the Tasmanian coast awaiting development.The Yolla field, discovered by Amoco, SAGASCO Resources, the Bass- Cue Group, Romsey Resources and Southeastern Petroleum in 1985, has sufficient resource potential to support the development of a natural gas supply infrastructure in Tasmania. The field is rich in LPG and condensate and also contains a small oil pool. Tests on the Yolla 1 well were the first in the Bass Basin to flow hydrocarbons and they demonstrated that the field has excellent reservoir properties for commercial development.The keys to the initiation of a gas, condensate and oil development in Tasmania are the need for a significant market for the natural gas and an oil price somewhat better than US$20 per barrel. While there are many major manufacturing and mineral processing plants on the Tasmanian North Coast which would benefit from the stimulus provided by a reliable natural gas pipeline supply, these industries alone provide insufficient load to make an offshore gas development economic. The Bell Bay power station, a thermal power station of 240 MW capacity fired on fuel oil, could, if converted to gas and operated to provide base load supply, generate sufficient base gas demand to enable a project development to proceed.A gas condensate development would provide a substantial stimulus to the Tasmanian economy through:direct investment in the project itself;fostering further development of processing industries on the North Coast;providing cheaper electricity than available from new hydroelectric and coal fired stations;contributing significantly to Tasmanian self- sufficiency in liquid fuels; andreleasing scarce government capital for debt reduction or other uses.
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Mondaca, S. L., C. A. Leiva, C. A. Acuña, and E. A. Serey. "Flow Enhancement of Mineral Pastes to Increase Water Recovery in Tailings: A Matlab-Based Imaging Processing Tool." Scientific Programming 2020 (May 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5607242.
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The rate of growth of mining copper industry in Chile requires higher consumption of water, which is a resource limited in quality and quantity and a major point of concern in present times. In addition, the efficient use of water is restricted due to high levels of evaporation (10 to 15 (l/m2) per day), in particular at the north highland mining sites (Chile). On the contrary, the final disposal of tailings is mainly on pond, which loses water by evaporation and in some cases by percolation. An alternative are the paste thickeners, which generate stable paste (70% solids), reducing evaporation and percolation and therefore reducing water make up. Water is a resource with more demand as the industries are expanding, making the water recovery processes more of a necessity than a simple upgrade in efficiency. This technology was developed in Canada (early 80s) and it has widely been used in Australia (arid zones with similar weather conditions to Chile), although few plants are using this technology. The tendency in the near future is to move from open ponds to paste thickeners. One of the examples of this is Minera El Tesoro. This scenario requires developing technical capacity in both paste flow characterization and rheology modifiers (fluidity enhancer) in order to make possible the final disposal of this paste. In this context, a new technique is introduced and experimental results of fluidity modifiers are discussed. This study describes how water content affects the flow behavior and depositional geometry of tailings and silica flour pastes. The depositional angle determined from the flume tests, and the yield stresses is determined from slump test and a rheological model. Both techniques incorporate digital video and image analysis. The results indicate that the new technique can be incorporated in order to determine the proper solid content and modifiers to a given fluidity requirement. In addition, the experimental results showed that the pH controls strongly the fluid paste behavior.
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Reed, K. F. M. "Perennial pasture grasses—an historical review of their introduction, use and development for southern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 8 (2014): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13284.
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The development and use of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh.) in the high-rainfall zone and the wheat–sheep zone is reviewed through the pastoral era of extensive grazing (from European settlement to ~1930), the expansive era of pasture improvement (1930–80) and in the modern era. Their adoption, in conjunction with inoculated clover seed, rose steadily in specifically Australian systems of animal production, designed with an appreciation of the environment, and aided by technical developments such as single-disc and aerial spreaders for mineral fertiliser, chemical fallowing and direct-drilling. These species remain vital contributors to the competitive productivity of Australia’s cattle and sheep industries. Perennial ryegrass (~6 Mha by 1994) and cocksfoot emerged as the most important after a wide range of species was introduced through the 19th Century; many of these became naturalised. Regional strains of perennial ryegrass were subsequently selected for commercialisation in Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. In the modern era, persistent ecotypes were harnessed to breed persistent cultivars. Vision to both improve grass persistence and extend the area of adaptation encouraged the adoption of phalaris (~2.7 Mha by 2009) and, to a lesser extent, early-flowering types of cocksfoot and tall fescue, particularly for the marginal-rainfall, wheat–sheep zone. The sowing of grass and clover seed expanded after the wide adoption of superphosphate, which became recognised as essential for correcting the severe deficiency of soil phosphorus and nitrogen associated with ancient, intensely weathered soils. The initial and dramatic response of clover to superphosphate increased farm revenue, so fostering a phase in which perennial grasses could be successfully sown, due to having the benefit of (biologically fixed) nitrogen. The influence of European practice, agricultural societies, the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, CSIRO, universities, state Departments of Agriculture, collaborative arrangements and individuals that nurtured and managed pasture technology, plant breeding, cultivar registration and evaluation are outlined. Future considerations emerging from the review include monitoring the national pasture inventory, promotion of the great potential for increasing livestock carrying capacity, cultivar discrimination and information, relevance of models, and national coordination of collaborative research.
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Preston, Judith. "If mining conflicts suppress the right of public participation, then can mining be sustainable?" International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (September 8, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2014.3849.
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Mining of natural resources has surpassed agriculture as the basis for Australia’s economy; but at what cost? It is essential to Australia’s economic health to have access to a continuing income stream from a number of sources including minerals. However, there is a presumption – in both the political and resources sectors – that mining interests should trump all other interests, including social and environmental ones. A number of recent conflicts involving major mining projects in Australia and overseas have highlighted the fallacy of the claimed economic and social benefits, as well as the dangers to the community, the legal profession and the judiciary of suppressing public participation in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process.Any actions by the executive to exclude public participation in reviewing documentation related to resource management and extractive developments by legislative or policy changes such as the proposed new planning legislation in NSW and the new mining State Environmental Planning Policy (Mining Petroleum, Production and Extractive Industries) Amendment (Resource Significance) 2013 (Amended Mining SEPP), are retrogressive steps. The argument in this paper is that, due to the often negative and large-scale impacts that mineral extraction developments may have on the community and the environment, mineral extraction developments should be subject to a rigorous EIA processes which incorporate effective and inclusive rights of public participation, especially in relation to major projects. Such rights should be enshrined in environmental legislation in the objects clause, standing for merit and judicial review provisions, and there should be a duty for the decision-makers to properly consider public submissions. Such provisions may lead to revision of the development or its outright rejection. Furthermore, innovative policies, programmes and legislative reform should be drafted to protect public participation and the right to oppose inappropriate developments.
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Ip-Soo-Ching, Jean Marie, Suzanne Zyngier, and Tahmid Nayeem. "Ecotourism and environmental sustainability knowledge: An open knowledge sharing approach among stakeholders." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 35, no. 01 (December 19, 2018): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2018.45.
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AbstractThe discipline of knowledge management (KM) considers knowledge as potentially the most valuable organisational asset that must be shared among staff and stakeholders and even communities in order to yield considerable returns and benefits. However, in a real-world context, managers in industries such as high technology, manufacturing and finance jealously guard their valuable knowledge and prevent other entities from gaining access to this resource. Open cases of knowledge sharing among stakeholders such as staff, customers, business partners, competitors and the public are rare. Therefore, the philosophical premise of KM — knowledge must be openly shared — is often unrealised. Knowledge of environmental sustainability is a valuable resource for ecotourism operators because they operate in natural environments such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and Sipadan Marine Park in Malaysia, and depend on the quality of these environments for their ongoing success. This research provides evidence that knowledge dissemination in the form of environmental sustainability knowledge can be openly shared among staff, customers, competitors and the public, thereby linking KM and environmental education. This article provides an interpretivist analysis of knowledge sharing by innovative ecotourism operators in Australia and South East Asia (Malaysia and Thailand). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 executives, field observations and analysis of company documents. Results from this research found that ecotourism managers are passionate believers of environmental sustainability and benevolently share their valuable organisational knowledge and beliefs with all stakeholders.
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Grollman, N. G. "ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR THE EAST ASIA/PACIFIC REGION: IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR AUSTRALIAN OIL AND GAS EXPLORERS AND PRODUCERS." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96055.
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The oil and gas reserves of Australia and the East Asian region fall well short of the region's long-term requirements, even for a scenario that phases out all fossil fuels by the end of the 21st century. There is, therefore, no contradiction between vigorous exploration for oil and gas and the process of transition to renewable energy sources. However, to be an independent player in environmental policy-making, the Australian petroleum exploration industry should focus on its particular role within the energy sector as a whole, whose nature will change radically over the next several decades. This role will combine concerns over long term oil supply security with, in particular, the objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas consumption to levels commensurate with Australia's international obligations. The role extends to Australian involvement in the region as a whole through the accrual of emissions credits from projects implemented jointly with developing countries. It also envisages that Australian explorers, especially those focussed on gas, will form alliances with downstream companies, power generators, appliance manufacturers and energy marketers as links in an integrated chain of operations with value added and emissions reduced at each stage. This re-orientation should lead the industry to question the extent to which its interests correspond with those of the coal and mineral industries, which do not face the same resource limitations.
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Smith, Christelle, and Elmar R. Venter. "Financial statement comparability in the extractive industry." Accounting Research Journal 33, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-08-2019-0161.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate financial statement comparability in the extractive industry. This paper focuses on the extractive industry because International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) contain limited guidance on the accounting treatment for exploration and evaluation (E&E) costs and IFRS 6 – Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources allowed firms to continue with existing divergent accounting treatment of E&E costs. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data from Australia, a country that adopted IFRS in 2005 with a large extractive industry. They also compare changes in cross-country comparability around the IFRS adoption date between Australian firms and adopters relative to Australian firms and non-adopters to better isolate changes in comparability that are attributable to the adoption of IFRS from other sources that are not related to the adoption of IFRS. The authors measure comparability consistent with De Franco et al. (2011) where financial statements are comparable when two firms produce similar accounting amounts for similar economic events. Findings For non-extractive industry firms, the authors find the comparability of financial statements of Australian firms increased with other adopters and that this increase was relatively greater than the increase with non-adopter firms. This evidence is consistent with comparability benefits associated with the adoption of IFRS. However, for extractive industry firms, the authors do not find a significantly greater increase in the comparability of financial statements of Australian firms with adopters relative to the increase with non-adopters, suggesting that the increase is likely not associated with the adoption of IFRS. In additional analysis, they find that following IFRS adoption non-extractive Australian firms have greater within-country comparability relative to extractive Australian firms, while there was no difference in the pre-adoption period. Originality/value The evidence suggests that the divergent practices for E&E costs under IFRS 6 and the lack of an accounting standard that deals with matters relating to the extractive industry hinder the comparability of financial statements in this industry.
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Podbornova, Ekaterina S. "Strategic planning in energy saving at industrial enterprises of Russia." Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management 13, no. 3 (November 22, 2022): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0461-2022-13-3-44-49.
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Our country has been and remains one of the leaders in the world's energy industry. Russia's energy needs are fully met by its own resources. Annual export volume of mineral fuel, oil and petroleum products is about 600700 million tons in conventional terms. Currently, the situation with exports is complicated by sanctions and the geopolitical situation in Russia and in the world. Only taking into account the embargo imposed by the U.S., Britain, Australia and Canada, export losses are more than 40 million tons. In addition, Russia is the world leader in proven reserves of natural gas, its volume more than 50 billion cubic meters. At the same time, it should be noted that such high indicators and sufficient resource potential are present at an extremely low level of energy efficiency. Thus, the volume of energy costs for the production of the average Russian producer is about twice as much as the global average. On this basis, the need to improve the quality of strategic planning and to promote targeted activities in the field of energy conservation in industry in the Russian Federation becomes obvious. Such activities will have not only positive economic, but also social, political, environmental and other types of effects. The most energy-consuming branch of industry in Russia is the processing industry, which is about 30 % of all final energy consumption. Another 70% of the energy saving potential is represented by metallurgy, chemical and oil refining and other industries.
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Otoijamun, Itohan, Moses Kigozi, Sikiru Ottan Abdulraman, Adelana Rasak Adetunji, and Azikiwe Peter Onwualu. "Fostering the Sustainability of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) of Barite in Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115917.
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The exploration and mining of Nigerian barite are primarily by artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM) whose operations are characterized by poor productivity. As a result, the quantity and quality of barites produced do not satisfy the nation’s oil sector demands and other industries that require the mineral. This situation leads to massive importation of the mineral with negative impact on the country’s drive toward increasing the contribution of solid minerals to the gross domestic product (GDP). This study reviews the existing policies and government interventions on ASM of Nigerian barite; evaluates the operations of ASM through a survey of mines in Nasarawa state, Nigeria; identifies factors that affect sustainability of the sector and proffers solutions to foster sustainability of ASM of barite in the region. The study adopted the 4Is optimization technique (Information gathering, Interpretation, Implication, and Implementation) through personal interactions with the stakeholders at the barite mining sites, and government agencies, regarding policies and interventions specific to ASM of barite. Challenges identified include: weak implementation and enforcement of mining laws; inadequate support from government and development partners; poor access to mining equipment and technology; poor infrastructure (access road, water, electricity); poor pricing of products (marketing challenges); poor remuneration of mine workers; poor mining skills; inadequate formal education; limited awareness on environmental health and safety hazards; fragility and conflict; insufficient information and data on mines and miners; security issues; lack of access to finance; lack of formalization of operations and poor legal framework for operations. The strategies suggested for fostering the sustainability of ASM of barites include: enhanced policy and legislation formulation and implementation, strengthening of institutions, formalization of ASM operations, training of miners, awareness campaign, improvement in environmental and safety of operations, empowerment and support by government and development partners for individual miners and processors and organized groups within the sector (such as Miners Association of Nigeria, Association of Miner and Processors of Barite, AMAPOB). Implementation of these strategies will lead to sustainable operations of the sector and hence improved rural livelihoods, stimulation of entrepreneurship in an environmentally responsible manner, and improvement in the contribution of the mineral sector to the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP), and hence national development.
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Cook, J. R. "TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONALISATION OF NATIVE TITLE AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02044.
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The 20th Century has witnessed the consolidation of global industry and finance. It has also seen the growth of criticism of some developments associated with globalisation. This has been particularly the case with the resource extraction industries and their downstream counterparts. These industries now have to consider a range of factors as central to the management of risk and of reputation that would not have been necessary 30 years ago. One of these factors is the need for community consultation regarding the nature of specific resource development and often some form of compensation for the impacts of development.Central to the Australian formulation of community consultation and development in the context of land use and natural resource development have been the Northern Territory Aboriginal Land Rights Act (ALRA) and the Native Title Act (NTA) as well as the setting up of Land Councils and representative bodies. These laws have been crucial, not just to the administration of land, but to the concept of aboriginality and citizenship as a whole. Like the ALRA, the Native Title Act has had a fundamental impact on the relationship between Aboriginal land interests and resource development. It has often, however, been mired in uncertainty, conflict, and amendments. This has contributed to a climate of legalism that has not necessary always been to the benefit of on-the-ground agreement processes.In Indonesia there is no basis in law for native title issues and a high level of risk exists as a result of social and political transition. As a result some companies operating in Indonesia have begun to develop new approaches to issues of community relations and development. A new understanding of the necessity of carefully planned partnerships in the context of resource development has begun to emerge in Indonesia. The BP Tangguh project in the Bintuni Bay area of West Papua has set high standards for consultative practices relating to community consultation and community development practices. Whatever the commercial success of the Tangguh project, the processes and systems developed for that project indicate the likely future direction of other best-practice resource development projects in Indonesia and elsewhere.In the past, development in Indonesia has been heavily influenced by rent capitalism, which has tended to emphasise the giving of permission over effective business and development practice. While the proponents of Native Title in Australia have often seen Australia as setting an international standard for development practice, this is belied by the actual results of Native Title and what is being undertaken in other international contexts. Native Title also often seems to act as a form of rent capitalism. As such it may be that Native Title does not necessarily define best practice, and, in the international context, may be under-performing in terms of risk and reputation management.Rather than assuming that emerging practices in either Indonesia or Australia are somehow occupying the higher ground in terms of best-practice development, it is suggested that Native Title and international practice can usefully be cross-fertilised in a critical manner. This process can be beneficial to companies and to stakeholders alike, particularly in the context of transparent consultation and negotiation practices that focus on the possibilities for cooperation in development, rather than conflict.
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Gibson, Chris. "Economic geography, to what ends? From privilege to progressive performances of expertise." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19829084.
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Recent Exchanges have focused on economic geography’s purported ‘decline’ and its patriarchal and generational privilege, asking ‘who speaks’ for the subdiscipline. This Exchanges piece asks another kind of existential question: what ends does economic geography serve? And how is economic geographical expertise marshalled and performed towards such ends – especially beyond the British context, where much of the debate has focused? Drawing briefly upon collaborative research experiences in Sydney, Australia, I offer thoughts on progressive contributions arising from grounded empirical research within cities subject to profound transformation from speculative real estate, and hypercharged by global finance. Amid unsolicited plans for massive rezoning of industrial spaces and accompanying displacement of manufacturing, repair and cultural industries, credible economic geographical data assisted activists and sympathetic local decisionmakers by bringing to light the significance of existing spaces of work (especially in industrially zoned land) subject to rezoning plans. Contestation over massive real estate proposals continues in Sydney, but empirical research targeted at public debate has nevertheless already shifted the narrative. While academic privilege and expert status warrants intra-disciplinary critique, what also matters is whether, how and where economic geographers deploy expertise productively towards progressive ends. Hence, critically engaged economic geography flourishes in different forms beyond the discipline's imagined ‘core’ places, even via quite ‘dry’ empirical studies that on the surface do not declare radical intents. Economic geographers are key intermediaries circulating knowledges, active agents in making concrete manifestations of the economy known. And that is a crucial point of intervention.
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Taylor, J. E., and J. A. Thomson. "Bracken litter as mulch: glasshouse evaluation of phytotoxicity." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 2 (1998): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97090.
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Summary. Austral bracken (Pteridium esculentum) has a major impact on forestry and the pastoral industries in Australia and New Zealand, as does P. aquilinum in parts of the northern hemisphere. There is a large body of, often conflicting, evidence on the toxicity of P. aquilinum to growth of other plants but there is little evidence for P. esculentum. Control of bracken is currently expensive and difficult to maintain as there is neither a marketable product based on bracken, nor a significant use for it on site. Current interest in commercial uses for bracken as mulch or compost requires analysis of the effects of bracken fronds on germination and growth of a representative range of plants. We report the effects of a mulch of chopped recently-dead (standing) bracken fronds on germination and early growth (to 9 or 12 weeks) of white mustard (Sinapis alba), of the improved pasture species, white clover (Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and of 2 native woodland species brown barrel (Eucalyptus fastigata) and yellow teatree (Leptospermum polygalifolium). A control mulch was prepared from chopped recently-dead bracken fronds by boiling and washing to extract possible allelochemicals and destroy associated microbiota. Bracken mulch stimulated seedling growth of white mustard, white clover, perennial ryegrass and brown barrel to a statistically significant, although moderate, extent (8–20%). Shoot length of perennial ryegrass and brown barrel, and leaf number and leaf size of brown barrel were more markedly enhanced (≥30%) by the application of bracken mulch. In contrast, bracken mulch reduced germination of yellow teatree to 25%, and leaf number, during early growth, to about one-third of that in the controls. The effects of bracken mulch may be due to release of active phytochemicals and mineral nutrients, with or without mediation by associated microflora including mycorrhizae. These glasshouse experiments suggest that recently-dead fronds of P. esculentum may prove a generally useful mulch, although monitoring for adverse effects on establishment and growth of particular species will be required.
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K. S., Salsabiilatul Ayniah, and Muhammad Nafik Hadi Ryandono. "Apakah Intellectual Capital Mempengaruhi Kinerja Perbankan Syariah? Fakta dari Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 9, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol9iss20224pp534-542.
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ABSTRAK Mengetahui pengaruh 3 komponen Intellectual Capital yang terdiri dari Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), dan Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) dan mengetahui pengaruh Rate of Growth of Intellectual Capital (ROGIC)terhadap proporsi pembiayaan bagi hasil bank umum syariah di Indonesia periode 2015-2020 merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Menggunakan regresi data panel serta data sekunder dengan mengumpulkan laporan tahunan bank umum syariah. Memanfaatkan Sampel 9 bank umum syariah yang terdaftar pada OJK dengan diseleksi menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Variabel Intellectual Capital diukur dengan metode Islamic Banking Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (IB-VAIC). Sedangkan untuk variabel proporsi pembiayaan bagi hasil menggunakan pengukuran profit sharing ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), dan Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) dan Rate of Growth of Intellectual Capital (ROGIC) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap proporsi pembiayaan bagi hasil. Secara parsial, Value Added Capital Employed (VACA) berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap proporsi pembiayaan bagi hasil. Value Added Human Capital (VAHU) dan Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) memiliki pengaruh signifikan dengan arah positif pada proporsi pembiayaan bagi hasil. Rate of Growth of Intellectual Capital (ROGIC) tidak memiliki pengaruh pada proporsi pembiayaan bagi hasil. Kata Kunci: Intellectual Capital, VACA, VAHU, STVA, ROGIC, Proporsi Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil, Bank Umum Syariah. ABSTRACT Find out the effect of 3 components of Intellectual Capital, consisting of Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA), and find out the effect of the Rate of Growth of Intellectual Capital (ROGIC) on profit-loss sharing financing proportion of Islamic Banks in Indonesia from 2015-2020 is the goal of this research. Using panel data regression and secondary data by collecting the annual reports of Islamic Commercial Banks. Utilizing a sample of 9 Islamic Commercial Banks registered in OJK and selected using a purposive sampling method. The Intellectual Capital was measured by the Islamic Banking Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (IB-VAIC) method. Profit loss sharing financing proportion is measured by the profit sharing ratio. The results of this research showed that Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), Structural Capital Value Added (STVA), and Rate of Growth of Intellectual Capital (ROGIC) had a significant effect on profit-sharing financing proportion. Partially, Value Added Capital Employed (VACA) has a negative significant effect on profit-loss sharing financing proportion. Value Added Human Capital (VAHU) and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) have a positive significant effect on profit-loss sharing financing proportion. The rate of Growth of Intellectual Capital (ROGIC) does not affect the profit-sharing financing proportion. Keywords: Intellectual Capital, VACA, VAHU, STVA, ROGIC, Profit Loss Sharing Financing Proportion, Islamic Banks. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aryee, S., Walumbwa, F. O., Seidu, E. Y. M., & Otaye, L. E. (2016). Developing and leveraging human capital resource to promote service quality: Testing a theory of performance. Journal of Management, 42(2), 480–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312471394 Ascarya. (2010). The lack of profit-and -loss sharing financing in Indonesia’s. Riebs, 1(1), 70–98. Ascarya, A., & Yumanita, D. (2007). Mencari solusi rendahnya pembiayaan bagi hasil di perbankan syariah Indonesia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan, 8(1), 7–43. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v8i1.127 Bayraktaroglu, A. E., Calisir, F., & Baskak, M. (2019). Intellectual capital and firm performance: an extended VAIC model. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 20(3), 406–425. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-12-2017-0184 Bontis, N., William Chua Chong, K., & Richardson, S. (2000). Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930010324188 Buallay, A., Cummings, R., & Hamdan, A. (2019). Intellectual capital efficiency and bank’s performance: A comparative study after the global financial crisis. Pacific Accounting Review, 31(4), 672–694. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-04-2019-0039 Cahyani, Y. T. (2017). Urgensi sumber daya insani dalam institusi perbankan syariah. Jihbiz: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan dan Perbankan Syariah, 1(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.33379/jihbiz.v1i1.675 Chen, M. C., Cheng, S. J., & Hwang, Y. (2005). An empirical investigation of the relationship between intellectual capital and firms’ market value and financial performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 6(2), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930510592771 Clarke, M., Seng, D., & Whiting, R. H. (2011). Intellectual capital and firm performance in Australia. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(4), 505–530. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931111181706 Edvinsson, L., & Sullivan, P. (1996). Developing a model for managing intellectual capital. European Management Journal, 14(4), 356–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-2373(96)00022-9 Febriarna, N., & Suzan, L. (2020). Analisis intellectual capital dengan metode value added intellectual coefficient (Vaic TM) terhadap kinerja keuangan (Studi pada perusahaan sub sektor perdagangan besar barang produksi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2018) INTELLEC. E-Proceeding of Management, 7(2), 2571–2578. Firer, S., & Mitchell Williams, S. (2003). Intellectual capital and traditional measures of corporate performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(3), 348–360. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930310487806 Hejazi, R., Ghanbari, M., & Alipour, M. (2016). Intellectual, human and structural capital effects on firm performance as measured by Tobin’s Q. Knowledge and Process Management, 23(4), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1529 Hidayat, S. E., Rafiki, A., & Svyatoslav, S. (2020). Awareness of financial institutions’ employees towards Islamic finance principles in Russia. PSU Research Review, 4(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/prr-08-2019-0026 Kim, T., Gon, kim woo, Sa, park simon si, Gyehee, L., & Bonggu, J. (2006). Mapping landscape values. Tourism, 113(November 2012), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr Kurniawan, F. D., & Zulaikha, S. (2020). Determinan kinerja keuangan bank syariah di Indonesia: Perspektif intellectual capital dan pengungkapan. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori Dan Terapan, 7(10), 1929. https://doi.org/10.20473/vol7iss202010pp1929-1943 Lia, A., & Asep, R. (2020). Pengaruh intellectual capital terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan subsektor advertising, printing, dan media. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Manajemen, 5(1), 187–200. Maghfiroh, A. (2021). Analisis pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam perspektif syariah. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 7(1), 403. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v7i1.2138 Nawaz, T., Haniffa, R., & Hudaib, M. (2020). On intellectual capital efficiency and shariah governance in Islamic banking business model. International Journal of Finance and Economics, June, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1986 Ousama, A. A., & Fatima, A. H. (2015). Intellectual capital and financial performance of Islamic banks. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLIC.2015.067822 Pulic, A. (2000). VAICTM – An accounting tool for intellectual capital management. International Journal Technology Management, 20(5/6/7/8), 702–714. Pulic, A. (2004). Intellectual capital – does it create or destroy value? Measuring Business Excellence, 8(1), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/13683040410524757 Pulic, A., & Bornemann, M. (1997). The physical and intellectual capital of Austrian banks. Retrieved from www.Vaic-on.Net/Download/Papers/Physical% 20and% 20intellectual% 20Capital% 20of% 20Austrain% 20Banks. Htm. Putri, C. S. A., & Nurfauziah, N. (2019). Pengaruh intellectual capital, rate of growth of intellectual capital dan pengungkapannya terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis dan Manajemen Indonesia, 2(4), 486–504. https://doi.org/10.31842/jurnal-inobis.v2i4.107 Sary Sakinah, I., Sadalia, I., Syahputra Silalahi, A., & Author, C. (2020). The influence of intellectual capital and rate of growth of intellectual capital on financial performance in financial institution sub-sector companies on the Indonesia stock exchange. International Journal of Research and Review, 7(1), 474-479. Seleim, A., & Bontis, N. (2013). National intellectual capital and economic performance: Empirical evidence from developing countries. Knowledge and Process Management, 20(3), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1412 Setiawan, M. A. (2014). Pengaruh intellectual capital terhadap kinerja. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 2(1), 251–260. Sirinuch Nimtrakoon. (2015). Intellectual capital, firms’ market The relationship between value and financial performance Empirical evidence from the ASEAN. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(3), 587–618. Soetrisno, A., & Lina. (2014). The influence of intellectual capital components towards the company. Jurnal Manajemen, 14(1), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmm.v14i1.76 Tan, H. P., Plowman, D., & Hancock, P. (2007). Intellectual capital and financial returns of companies. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930710715079 Ting, I. W. K., & Lean, H. H. (2009). Intellectual capital performance of financial institutions in Malaysia. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(4), 588–599. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930910996661 Tseng, C. Y., & Goo, Y. J. J. (2005). Intellectual capital and corporate value in an emerging economy: Empirical study of Taiwanese manufacturers. R and D Management, 35(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2005.00382.x Ulum, I. (2013). Model pengukuran kinerja intellectual capital dengan ib-vaic di perbankan syariah. Inferensi, 7(1), 185. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v7i1.185-206 Ulum, I., Ghozali, I., & Chariri, A. (2008). Intellectual capital dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan; Suatu analisis dengan pendekatan partial least squares. SNA XI, 19(19), 23–24.
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Foo, Nam, and Ruhul Salim. "The evolution of mining employment during the resource boom and bust cycle in Australia." Mineral Economics, May 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-022-00320-8.
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Abstract Mining employment in Australia can be cyclical and volatile. Since the gold rush in the 1850s, Australia has experienced two major mining booms. The first was in the 1970s and the second (i.e., the mineral boom) was in the mid-2000s and so it is important to have a discussion about trends in the Australian mining industry and about employment during mining cycles. This study employs Australian mining industry data to investigate sectoral labor mobility (moving from one industry to another) when the business cycles have changed. This research has used quarterly data from 1950q1 to 2018q4 for several industries such as mining, the building and construction industry, rental, hiring and real estate services, transport, postal and warehousing, agriculture, forestry and fishing, and manufacturing to conduct an empirical analysis. The findings of this study provide evidence that the sectoral shift of mining employment in Australia’s mineral and resource industry is highly correlated and dependent on the world economic circumstances. What happens in the world economies has an important bearing on how shocks are transmitted to the Australian mining industry and other sectors. The study also shows that displaced mining workers move around from one industry to another. In particular, the building and construction, agricultural, fishing and forestry, manufacturing, and real estate industries are found to be highly affected by the movement of labor.
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Iqbal, Sajid, Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Muhammad Mohsin, and Wasim Iqbal. "Assessing the Role of the Green Finance Index in Environmental Pollution Reduction." Studies of Applied Economics 39, no. 3 (May 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i3.4140.
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A substantial amount of green finance is required for the transition to green energy, in order to control global warming. We used a common weight DEA composite indicator to develop a green finance index to measure the combined effects of energy, environment, and financial variables. The resulting green finance index values range from 0.98 to 0.71. According to results, Iceland and Nepal both have a score of 1.00, while Australia is third with 0.98 and Malta the lowest value of 0.71. The UK has a score of 0.23 and India has a score of 0.15. The findings of this study offer an understanding of the role of green finance in environmental pollution reduction. We suggest several policy implications or solutions for governments, institutions, industries and the public to work towards environmental pollution reduction.A substantial amount of green finance is required for the transition to green energy, in order to control global warming. We used a common weight DEA composite indicator to develop a green finance index to measure the combined effects of energy, environment, and financial variables. The resulting green finance index values range from 0.98 to 0.71. According to results, Iceland and Nepal both have a score of 1.00, while Australia is third with 0.98 and Malta the lowest value of 0.71. The UK has a score of 0.23 and India has a score of 0.15. The findings of this study offer an understanding of the role of green finance in environmental pollution reduction. We suggest several policy implications or solutions for governments, institutions, industries and the public to work towards environmental pollution reduction.
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Lindley, Jade. "Food fraud: an international snapshot and lessons for Australia." Journal of Financial Crime ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (November 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2020-0179.
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Purpose Economically motivated food crimes are widespread, and it appears countries and consumers across the globe are affected. Foods targeted and ways of dealing with food crimes vary according to several factors, including the source and destination of the food; demand; availability (e.g. short growing season); price; environmental impacts, such as sustainability (e.g. seafood); likely consumers (e.g. babies); and regulatory controls. Internationally, several foods are well known to be commonly targeted by unscrupulous criminal groups, ultimately leaving unsuspecting consumers exposed economically and physiologically. The purpose of this paper is to understand the nature of food fraud and the criminals committing it. Design/methodology/approach Building on a systematic search of international scholarly literature from a wide cross-section of disciplines, parliamentary documents and media articles relating to food crime, this paper cautions the vulnerabilities to food crimes in Australia from a criminological perspective. It draws on crime opportunity theory to explain the modus operandi of criminals engaging in food fraud. Findings Inadequate testing regimes, unclear definitions and inadequate laws expose consumers and vulnerable industries to food crimes. With reference to uniquely Australian examples, this paper highlights exposure opportunities and concludes with lessons drawn internationally. Further research is underway to explore how these vulnerabilities can be resolved through closing regulatory gaps and the introduction of innovative technology. Originality/value This paper usefully draws on trends in the literature and applies crime opportunity theory to understand how food fraud may present in Australia for everyday foods, as well as emerging and highly prized markets.
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Hepburn, Samantha. "Does Unconventional Gas Require Unconventional Ownership? An Analysis of the Functionality of Ownership Frameworks for Unconventional Gas Development." Pittsburgh Journal of Environmental and Public Health Law 8, no. 1 (February 19, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/pjephl.2014.62.
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The implementation of a responsive and coherent property framework, capable of effectively supporting the progression of a rapidly expanding unconventional gas industry is proving to be a complex and intricate process for many countries. The theory of mineral ownership that underpins any regulatory framework represents its point of departure. It is increasingly clear that the problems associated with the expansion of unconventional gas development have challenged both private and state based models. This article examines how the core principles that form the foundation for land and mineral ownership in both the United States and Australia have responded to the rapid expansion of the unconventional gas industry. The conventional inertia associated with institutionalized property frameworks has meant that the frameworks are largely resistant to external change. Hence, whilst the transformation that has occurred in the energy industries following the advent of unconventional gas development has been remarkable, ownership frameworks have struggled to cope. Many principles that evolved in a period when unconventional gas was inconceivable are now proving ill-equipped and non-responsive to the new energy environment. This Article argues that the stasis that afflicts ownership frameworks has precluded many of the conventional principles from adapting to meet the needs of this new energy revolution. This has generated an increasing imperative, in both the United States and Australia, to develop and implement legislative initiatives that revise or alter the way in which the schema of orthodox ownership principles applies to unconventional gas. Focused legislative development will promote adaptable, consistent, and structured principles, which in turn will allow ownership frameworks to respond to the operational demands of a new energy era.