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Journal articles on the topic 'Mine spoil waste'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Nayak, Samrudhi, S. P. Mishra, and C. S. K. Mishra. "Nutrient and Exo-Enzyme Dynamics in Organically Amended Iron Mine Spoil." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2020.115.

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The aim of this study is to restore the nutrient status of iron ore mine spoil through suitable organic interventions. This paper reports the effects of different organic manure and bio-fertilizer amendments with inoculation of the earthworm Eisenia fetida in iron mine spoil on certain chemical parameters, microbial load and soil exoenzyme activities. The mine spoil samples were collected at random from five years old spoil dump and amended with farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and vermimanure (VM) along with biofertilizer in different combinations. The pH, conductivity, % organic carbon, N, P, K, bacterial and fungal population with activities of soil exoenzymes amylase, cellulase and invertase were studied in organically amended mine spoil. Significant variations (p<0.05) in the chemical and biological parameters were observed between treatments and days of incubation. Higher values were obtained with PM followed by FYM and VM. Earthworm inoculation enhanced the values of all the chemical parameters except % organic carbon. Bacterial population and exoenzyme activities increased significantly (p<0.05) with earthworm. PM with biofertilizer was found to be the most suitable combination followed by FYM. Inoculation of Eisenia fetida could facilitate mineralization of organics resulting in higher nutrient availability, higher microbial load and exoenzyme activities required to facilitate spoil reclamation.

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2

Ghosh, Dipita, and Subodh Kumar Maiti. "Can biochar reclaim coal mine spoil?" Journal of Environmental Management 272 (October 2020): 111097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111097.

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3

Denimal, Sophie, Florent Barbecot, Laurent Dever, Nicolas Tribovillard, and Francis Meilliez. "Tracage chimique et isotopique des eaux souterraines en relation avec les eaux de lixiviation de terrils, bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/172.1.111.

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Abstract Introduction. - In the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region (northern France), the mining activity linked to the coal extraction resulted in the existence of many mine spoils. Most of the time, the choice of the mine spoil location has been made without knowing the potential contamination of the aquifers contained in the underlying formations by substances which can be solubilized and released in relation with the weathering of these mine spoils. The aim of this study is to determine the possible role of the mine spoils in the sulfate mineralization of the chalk aquifer. Previous works [Bernard, 1979; Droz, 1985] allow to consider several possible sources of sulfate in the coal basin: the dissolution of evaporitic minerals present in the Carboniferous limestones Formation which can locally contaminate per ascensum the chalk aquifer; the dissolution of gypsum contained in the Tertiary formations (Argiles de Louvil, Sables d'Ostricourt); sulfates of anthropic origin linked to the waste water discharge and/or to the agricultural practices; finally, the weathering of mine spoils which leads to the oxydation of the pyrite contained in the Carboniferous shales, and can release sulfate ions that may be transferred to the aquifer. Two sites have been selected 30 km to the south of Lille: site 1 lies directly on the Senonian-Turonian chalk while site 2 lies on the sandy-clayey Tertiary formations overlying the chalk formations (fig. 1-3). Geology and hydrogeology. - The waters have been sampled within the chalk aquifer (fig. 2). This water table forms the main resource in drinking water, currently exploited. The chalk aquifer is a free water table except where the Tertiary formations make this water table confined, as is the case for site 2. The recharge of the chalk aquifer is made by the percolation of the impluvium through the microporosity of the chalk with an infiltration velocity of 0.5 to 0.7 m per year [Vachier et al., 1979]. The chalk aquifer flow is schematically SW-NE to the Orchies basin (fig. 1). This flow is caused by the piezometric depression in the Orchies basin linked to industrial pumpage. Since the decrease of these pumpages, we can observe a rise of the chalk aquifer piezometric level evaluated to 10 m in the studied area. Material and methods. - Rock samples have been collected on the surface of the two sites and below it at site 1. Mineralogical analyses have been carried out on the bulk fraction as on the clayey fraction, the elementary analysis of total carbon and total sulphur has also been performed. Two water sampling surveys have been carried out on 19 sites. Sampling has been made from piezometers which reach the chalk aquifer and that are placed close to the mine spoils but also in a radius of 5 to 10 km around. Chemical and isotopic analyses have been made on the waters sampled at hydraulic upstream and dowstream of the mine spoils. In situ measurements have been carried out during the sampling. Piezometric levels have been taken at all the sampling sites. Results and discussion. - The carbon and sulphur contents have shown a superficial leaching of these elements on the mine spoils (fig. 9). The use of isotopic geochemistry and in particular the sulphur isotopes as tracers of the sulfate origin has permitted to identify two contribution sources at the two sites: a "mine spoil" source with a delta 34 S weakly negative (delta 34 S = -2,8 per mil, -3,9 per mil) which corresponds to the oxidation of sulfides contained by the Carboniferous shales and another source (delta 34 S = -20 per mil) corresponding to the gypsum of the "Sables d'Ostricourt" which is present only at site 2 (fig. 7, 10 & 11). This study has revealed the different behaviour of the two sites: for site 1, with a free water-table zone, the mine spoil leaching carries sulfate ions directly to the table whereas in the second site, with a confined aquifer zone, a part of the sulfate ions are reduced once exported to the table (the redox potential presents negative values; fig. 6). This bacterial reduction is made possible by the organic carbon leaching concomitant to the sulphur leaching on the mine spoils. This carbon contribution has been confirmed by the 14 C activity analysis: 14 C activity is characteristic of the chalk aquifer waters at the upstream of the mine spoil and noticeably lower downstream, this decrease can be linked to the "dead carbon" supply from the mine spoils (fig. 8). This organic carbon is involved in bacterially-mediated sulfate reduction (2CH 2 O + SO 4 (super 2-) --> 2HSO 3 (super -) + H (super +) + HS (super -) ). Conclusion. - Both studied mine spoils release sulfate ions to the Chalk aquifer, in response to the weathering and leaching of their surficial part. Using an isotope study-grounded approach, the influence of the mine spoils upon the sulfate enrichment of the water table can be distinguished from that of Cenozoic formations sometimes present between the chalk aquifer and the mine spoil basis. No other sulfate source seems to be involved in the studied area. Together with sulfate ions, the mine spoils export dissolved organic carbon. Both chemical species sustain bacterial activity (sulfate reducers) that develops where the water table is made confined by overlying, almost impervious, Cenozoic deposits. In that case, reducing conditions in the aquifer decrease the amount of sulfate ions present. Thus the simultaneous supply of sulfate and carbon by the mine spoils leads to a self-purification process where the aquifer is confined.

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4

Nagaraj, H. B., and C. Shreyasvi. "Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks Using Iron Mine Spoil Waste - An Explorative Study." Procedia Engineering 180 (2017): 1203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.281.

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5

Stalker, Jeralee, Arthur w. Rose, and Louise H. Michaud. "REMEDIATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE WITHIN STRIP MINE SPOIL BY SULFATE REDUCTION USING WASTE ORGANIC MATTER." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1996, no. 1 (1996): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr96010321.

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6

Paszek, Natalia, and Marcin Górski. "Defining the optimal mixture composition of geopolymers based on the coal mine waste and the shale." MATEC Web of Conferences 274 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927401002.

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Nowadays, industry plays one of the main roles in daily life. Extractive industry is one of the oldest industries, present in almost each country. Unfortunately, besides the benefits connected with development of the extractive industry, there are also disadvantages such as enlarging amounts of stored industrial wastes. One of the ideas how to manage with unnecessary wastes is geopolymer, relatively new material which parameters are similar to the parameters of the concrete. The paper shows the following attempts to define optimal mixture composition of geopolymer based on the wastes from the coal mine and geopolymer based on the shale from the post-mining spoil tip. Coal mine waste, shale, powdered glass waste, metakaolin and sand were used as the raw materials. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used as activators. Mixtures consisting of mentioned components used in different ratios were prepared and poured into small moulds. The compressive strength of samples was tested after 3, 5 and 7 days. From the best mixture, the bigger samples of dimensions 4x4x4cm were prepared and tested after 7 and 14 days. The paper presents characteristics of used wastes, preparation and curing processes, test procedure and finally, compressive strengths and densities of tested geopolymers.

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7

Smith, J. A., G. E. Schuman, E. J. De Puit, and T. A. Sedbrook. "Wood Residue and Fertilizer Amendment of Bentonite Mine Spoils: I. Spoil and General Vegetation Responses." Journal of Environmental Quality 14, no. 4 (October 1985): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400040020x.

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8

Smith, J. A., G. E. Schuman, E. J. DePuit, and T. A. Sedbrook. "Wood Residue and Fertilizer Amendment of Bentonite Mine Spoils: I. Spoil and General Vegetation Responses." Journal of Environmental Quality 14, no. 4 (October 1985): NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400040021x.

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9

Smith, J. A., G. E. Schuman, E. J. DePuit, and T. A. Sedbrook. "Wood Residue and Fertilizer Amendment of Bentonite Mine Spoils: I. Spoil and General Vegetation Responses." Journal of Environmental Quality 15, no. 2 (April 1986): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1986.00472425001500020024x.

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10

Zarychta, Adrian, and Roksana Zarychta. "Aplication of IDW and RBF methods to develop models of temperature distribution within a spoil tip located in Wojkowice, Poland." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2018-0005.

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AbstractThis article describes two methods of showing the distribution of temperature on the surface and inside a spoil tip (coal mine waste dump) located in Wojkowice (in the Silesian Voivodeship). Two deterministic estimation methods were tested, i.e., Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Radial Basis Functions (RBF). According to isotherm maps the highest temperature on the surface of the “Wojkowice” spoil tip was in the NE area, while inside the heap the highest temperature noted was in the SW area. Better results were obtained from the application of the RBF method. A three-dimensional model (3D model) was generated by the method, which visualized the temperature distribution within the “Wojkowice” spoil tip. According to the 3D model of the temperature distribution the greatest heat centre inside the heap in Wojkowice was located in the SW part with a temperature of around 300°C. As a result, it can be concluded that the material of the “Wojkowice” spoil tip is burning out in a NW direction. On the basis of the model obtained it is possible to determine the location of potentially dangerous places which are exposed to possible deformations caused by the material burning under the surface. The results of the research presented make it possible to assess the thermal state of the spoil heap located in Wojkowice, Poland.

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11

Bleeker, Petra M., Ana G. L. Assunção, Pedro M. Teiga, Tjarda de Koe, and Jos A. C. Verkleij. "Revegetation of the acidic, As contaminated Jales mine spoil tips using a combination of spoil amendments and tolerant grasses." Science of The Total Environment 300, no. 1-3 (December 2002): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00081-5.

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12

Juwarkar, Asha A., Santosh Kumar Yadav, and Prashant R. Thawale. "Biotechnological approach for ecosystem restoration of mine spoil dump in India." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 43, no. 1/2/3 (2010): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2010.035928.

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13

Juwarkar, Asha A., and Sanjeev Kumar Singh. "Utilisation of municipal solid waste as an amendment for reclamation of coal mine spoil dump." International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 7, no. 3/4 (2007): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2007.015154.

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14

Juwarkar, Asha A., and Sanjeev Kumar Singh. "Microbe-assisted phytoremediation approach for ecological restoration of zinc mine spoil dump." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 43, no. 1/2/3 (2010): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2010.035927.

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15

Voos, Gerard, and B. R. Sabey. "Nitrogen Mineralization in Sewage‐sludge‐Amended Coal Mine Spoil and Topsoils." Journal of Environmental Quality 16, no. 3 (July 1987): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600030008x.

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16

Voorhees, M. E., M. J. Trlica, and D. W. Uresk. "Growth of Rillscale on Bentonite Mine Spoil as Influenced by Amendments." Journal of Environmental Quality 16, no. 4 (October 1987): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1987.00472425001600040020x.

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17

Donovan, Joseph J., and Paul F. Ziemkiewicz. "Selenium Adsorption onto Iron Oxide Layers beneath Coal-Mine Overburden Spoil." Journal of Environmental Quality 42, no. 5 (September 2013): 1402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0500.

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18

Kidd, P. S., and C. Monterroso. "Metal extraction by Alyssum serpyllifolium ssp. lusitanicum on mine-spoil soils from Spain." Science of The Total Environment 336, no. 1-3 (January 2005): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.003.

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19

Emerson, K. U., E. S. Bejor, E. E. Ekeng, N. M. Ogarekpe, and A. U. Onuruka. "TRANSPORT AND FATE OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN CIRCUM-NEUTRAL RIVER ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE RIVER NENT CUMBRIA, ENGLAND." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i6.2017.2010.

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The research investigates the transport and fate of heavy metal entrenchment into the River Nent from abandoned spoil waste at the former mine site. The River Nent is found to maintain a circum-neutral pH and contains high concentrations of dissolved zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) of 0.70mg/l and 0.08mg/l respectively at flow rate of 34.5l/s. Relative concentration of sulphate and carbonate ions is observed to influence the river pH. This condition has a marked effect on the concentrations of Zn and an insignificant effect on Pb, copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni). A leaching experiment shows that loosely-bound Zn minerals in spoil waste, when entrained into the river, quickly go into solution causing a sudden rise in dissolved Zn concentration. However, some of the dissolved Zn will precipitate further downstream as carbonate, thereby lowering the amount of dissolved zinc in the water column. A similar leaching test also indicates that under acidic condition of ~ pH 5, concentrations of dissolved SZn and Pb in solution will continue to increase with zinc being about 3 times higher than Pb. If pH is maintained for a long time, the concentrations of both metals continue to rise, except enough carbonate is dissolved. This condition was observed not to affect the dissolution of Pb minerals.

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20

Bosak Pavlo,, Popovych Vasyl,, Stepova Kateryna,, and Marutyak Sofia,. "FEATURES OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF HAZARDOUS CONSTITUENTS IN WASTEWATER FROM COLLIERY SPOIL HEAPS OF NOVOVOLYNSK MINING AREA." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 5, no. 443 (October 15, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.102.

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Surface run-off is water from rain and snowmelt flowing from the territory of industrial enterprises. The part of surface run-off in the total volume of discharged wastewater from the coal industry is 2%. Their volume depends on the amount of rain and melt water, as well as the size of the sites of industrial enterprises. The objects of surface run-off contaminants in the Novovolynsk mining area are: outdoor coal and concentrate storages, colliery spoil heaps, sludge and tailings, crushing compartments, storages fuels and lubricants, points of railway cars loading and unloading, cable cars, boiler installations, etc. On the territory of the Novovolynsk mining area besides the wastewater a huge amount of mining waste is formed. It is stored on flat heaps, adjacent to the area. Coal also accumulates on flat dumps. The surface run-off from the area of the flat heaps may contain chemical compounds. Surface water from the mine area is not purified, although in terms of quality, it is highly polluted. During investigation period the Novovolynsk mining area the storm run-off from their territory contained more than 15,000 mg / ml of suspended substances and up to 500 mg / ml of petroleum products [4]. Spoil heaps are the main sources of surface run-off contamination by suspended solids, mineral salts and heavy metal ions. Thus, the amount of suspended solids in rainwater reaches 12000 mg / l and in meltwater - up to 50,000 mg / l, the total salt content reaches 8000 mg / l. The maximum amount of iron is more than 7550 mg / l. It is found in the meltwater from the spoil heaps of almost all mines in the Novovolynsk mining area. The composition and concentration of pollutants in coal storage water runoff doesn't differ too much from the spoil heaps water run-off. An extremely important factor of man-made impact on the sanitary status of natural water bodies is the pollution of the water-intake areas around coal and mining enterprises by chemical elements, especially during polymetallic ores development [2].

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21

Sigua, Gilbert C., Jeff M. Novak, Don W. Watts, Jim A. Ippolito, Thomas F. Ducey, Mark G. Johnson, and Kurt A. Spokas. "Phytostabilization of Zn and Cd in Mine Soil Using Corn in Combination with Biochars and Manure-Based Compost." Environments 6, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6060069.

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Mining activities could produce a large volume of spoils, waste rocks, and tailings, which are usually deposited at the surface and become a source of metal pollution. Phytostabilization of the mine spoils could limit the spread of these heavy metals. Phytostabilization can be enhanced by using soil amendments such as manure-based biochars capable of immobilizing metal(loid)s when combined with plant species that are tolerant of high levels of contaminants while simultaneously improving properties of mine soils. However, the use of manure-based biochars and other organic amendments for mine spoil remediation are still unclear. In this greenhouse study, we evaluated the interactive effect of biochar additions (BA) with or without the manure-based compost (MBC) on the shoots biomass (SBY), roots biomass (RBY), uptake, and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Zn and Cd in corn (Zea mays L.) grown in mine soil. Biochar additions consisting of beef cattle manure (BCM); poultry litter (PL); and lodge pole pine (LPP) were applied at 0, 2.5, and 5.0% (w/w) in combination with different rates (0, 2.5, and 5.0%, w/w) of MBC, respectively. Shoots and roots uptake of Cd and Zn were significantly affected by BA, MBC, and the interaction of BA and MBC. Corn plants that received 2.5% PL and 2.5% BCM had the greatest Cd and Zn shoot uptake, respectively. Corn plants with 5% BCM had the greatest Cd and Zn root uptake. When averaged across BA, the greatest BCF for Cd in the shoot of 92.3 was from the application of BCM and the least BCF was from the application of PL (72.8). Our results suggest that the incorporation of biochar enhanced phytostabilization of Cd and Zn with concentrations of water-soluble Cd and Zn lowest in soils amended with manure-based biochars while improving the biomass productivity of corn. Overall, the phytostabilization technique and biochar additions have the potential to be combined in the remediation of heavy metals polluted soils.

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22

Thorne, M. E., B. A. Zamora, and A. C. Kennedy. "Sewage Sludge and Mycorrhizal Effects on Secar Bluebunch Wheatgrass in Mine Spoil." Journal of Environmental Quality 27, no. 5 (September 1998): 1228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050030x.

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23

Topper, K. F., and B. R. Sabey. "Sewage Sludge as a Coal Mine Spoil Amendment for Revegetation in Colorado." Journal of Environmental Quality 15, no. 1 (January 1986): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1986.00472425001500010010x.

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Topper, K. F., and B. R. Sabey. "Sewage Sludge as a Coal Mine Spoil Amendment for Revegetation in Colorado." Journal of Environmental Quality 15, no. 1 (January 1986): NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1986.00472425001500010011x.

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Topper, K. F., and B. R. Sabey. "Sewage Sludge as a Coal Mine Spoil Amendment for Revegetation in Colorado." Journal of Environmental Quality 15, no. 2 (April 1986): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1986.00472425001500020025x.

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26

Zielinski, Robert A., James K. Otton, and Craig A. Johnson. "Sources of Salinity Near a Coal Mine Spoil Pile, North-Central Colorado." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 4 (2001): 1237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3041237x.

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27

Poláček, Rostislav. "The occurrence of Hymenoptera: Aculeata on mine spoil heaps after shale extraction (Jakartovice, Nízký Jeseník Mts)." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cszma-2020-0004.

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Abstract The devastation of natural components and the appearance of the landscape in connection with mining activities does not necessarily have only a negative impact. Post-mining landscape happens an important and recently the only place to live many species of organisms, plants and animals. In this context, the importance of these sites is mainly associated with Invertebrata including insects, which can replace their natural habitats. The author presents the results of his research on Hymenoptera: Aculeata on heaps created as unused waste after clay slate mining in the region of Nízký Jeseník Mts. This two-year research (2018–2019) focused on wasps, bumble bees and solitary bees was carried out at ten selected sites mainly in the cadastral area of the municipality of Jakartovice (Opava district).

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Tripathi, Nimisha, Raj Shekhar Singh, and C. Paul Nathanail. "Mine spoil acts as a sink of carbon dioxide in Indian dry tropical environment." Science of The Total Environment 468-469 (January 2014): 1162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.024.

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Davamani, V., E. Parameswari, S. Arulmani, P. Doraisamy, J. S. Kennedy, and M. Maheswari. "Evaluation of localization of lead and nickel in plant cells of Amaranthus sp. and Brassica sp. absorbed from mine spoil waste." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.1009.

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A detailed survey was undertaken in the sewage water contaminated areas of Coimbatore to select the natural hyper accumulators to rehabilitate the contaminated mine spoils. From this experiment the Pb and Ni accumulators, Amaranthus sp. and Brassica sp. were selected for further studies towards remediating the metal contaminated mine spoils. Microtomy of root, stem and leaf of Amaranthus sp. and Brassica sp. showed that the colour development in the plant species is evidence for accumulation of metals in different parts of plants and also tolerance mechanism employed by plant species under metal stress condition. The accumulation of heavy metals from soil to plant did not follow any particular pattern and varied with respect to metals, species and plant parts. However, the maximum Pb localization took place in root portion than in aerial parts. But the Ni accumulation was almost equal or higher in aerial parts (leaf and stem) compared to roots. This study revealed that the Amaranthus sp and Brassica sp stored lead and nickel in roots, leaves and stems. The roots showed more localization of metals followed by leaves and stems.

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Abbott, D. E., M. E. Essington, M. D. Mullen, and J. T. Ammons. "Fly Ash and Lime-Stabilized Biosolid Mixtures in Mine Spoil Reclamation: Simulated Weathering." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 2 (March 2001): 608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.302608x.

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Showalter, Julia M., James A. Burger, and Carl E. Zipper. "Hardwood Seedling Growth on Different Mine Spoil Types with and without Topsoil Amendment." Journal of Environmental Quality 39, no. 2 (March 2010): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0500.

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32

Ram, L. C., N. K. Srivastava, R. C. Tripathi, S. K. Jha, A. K. Sinha, G. Singh, and V. Manoharan. "Management of mine spoil for crop productivity with lignite fly ash and biological amendments." Journal of Environmental Management 79, no. 2 (April 2006): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.06.008.

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33

Tarawneh, Amer H. "Assessment of Lichens as Biomonitors of Heavy Metal Pollution in Selected Mining Area, Slovakia." Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 22, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.07.

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Lichens have widely been used as bioindicators to reflect the quality of the environment. The present study was conducted to investigate the lichens diversity that grows on the surface of waste heaps from an abandoned old copper mine in Mlynky, Slovakia. In spite of the heavy metalcontaminated environment, we documented twenty species of lichens in the selected site. Taxonomically the most numerous group were represented by Cladonia with seven species, as well other species; namely, Acarospora fuscata, Cetraria islandica, Dermatocarpon miniatum, Hypogymnia physodes, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Lecanora subaurea, Lepraria incana, Physcia aipolia, Porpidia macrocarpa, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria parietina. The content of selected heavy metals (Cu, Fe, and Zn) in the predominant lichens Cetraria islandica, Cladonia digitata, Cladonia pyxidata, Hypogymnia physodes and Pseudevernia furfuracea were analyzed. The highest content of Cu, Fe, and Zn was found in Cladonia pyxidata collected from mine-spoil heaps with concentration 46 ± 4.4, 82.5 ± 22.6, 4.8 ± 1.6 mg/kg, respectively. Interestingly, Cladonia pyxidata collected from the forest surrounding the location showed 15 times lower concentration for Cu. Additionally, similar results were found for Fe and Zn.

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Rawlik, Mateusz, Marek Kasprowicz, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Cezary Kaźmierowski, Remigiusz Łukowiak, and Witold Grzebisz. "Canopy tree species determine herb layer biomass and species composition on a reclaimed mine spoil heap." Science of The Total Environment 635 (September 2018): 1205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.133.

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Agouridis, Carmen T., Patrick N. Angel, Timothy J. Taylor, Christopher D. Barton, Richard C. Warner, Xia Yu, and Constance Wood. "Water Quality Characteristics of Discharge from Reforested Loose-Dumped Mine Spoil in Eastern Kentucky." Journal of Environmental Quality 41, no. 2 (March 2012): 454–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0158.

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Seoane, S., and M. C. Leirós. "Acidification-Neutralization Processes in a Lignite Mine Spoil Amended with Fly Ash or Limestone." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 4 (2001): 1420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3041420x.

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37

Gawor, Łukasz. "Potential conflicts connected with the recovery of secondary materials from post mining waste dump." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2017-0023.

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AbstractCoal mine spoil dumping grounds are present in the landscape of every mining region. Although the composition of waste material is in general safe for the environment (sedimentary rocks – sandstones, mudstones and siltstones), there may be up to 10% of coal particles in disposed wastes. The presence of organic material causes self-ignition processes and fire hazards. There is a need and the possibility of the recovery of coal, and which should be conducted according to legal regulations and environmental protection rules. The recovery should also be preceded by a feasibility study, a drilling campaign, laboratory tests and requires different environmental permissions. Recovery processes are connected with the work of a preparation plant, which is usually linked with protests from the local community and potential conflicts. This article presents the most significant hazards to the environment, health and human life connected with the functions associated with the installation of the recovery processes of coal from waste material deposited on the dumps. The methods of reducing these threats are described with regards to legal regulations, particularly law deeds concerning the safe recovery processes and further reclamation and restoration of degraded post-mining dumping grounds. The role and participation of interested community members at the preparation for investment stage as well as the period of realization of the preparation processes is described. The question of re-using and managing the post-mining dumping grounds after completion of the recovery processes is discussed.

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Woch, Marcin W., Magdalena Radwańska, and Anna M. Stefanowicz. "Flora of spoil heaps after hard coal mining in Trzebinia (southern Poland): effect of substratum properties." Acta Botanica Croatica 72, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10184-012-0020-x.

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Abstract - The aim of the present study was to investigate the composition of spontaneous plant cover and the physicochemical properties of the substratum of spoil heaps of the Siersza hard coal mine in Trzebinia (southern Poland) abandoned in 2001. Floristic and soil analyses were performed in 2011. The substratum was very diverse in terms of texture (sand: 55-92 %, clay: 6-38 %), nutrient content (total C: 1.3-41.0 %, total N: 0.05-0.49 %, total Ca: 0.5-7.3 %) and pH (3.7-8.7). Moreover, total thallium concentration in the substratum was high, ranging from 6.0 to 14.6 mg kg-1. Plant cover varied from 50 to 95 %. The number of plant species per 4m2 varied from 6 to 29 and correlated negatively with total carbon content (r = -0.85, p < 0.01), and positively with sand content in the substratum (r = 66, p < 0.05). The highest number of species per area unit was observed on a humus substratum, where initial soil has developed on the part of carboniferous waste rock spoil under 20-30 year old trees, and the lowest on carbon shale with coal and culm. Among 197 plant species, most belong to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Rosaceae families. Hemicryptophytes (49%) and terophytes (18%) predominated. The investigated area was primarily colonized by native species spread by the wind. However, invasive alien species also had a significant share (8%) in the plant cover.

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Ulusay, R., F. Arikan, M. F. Yoleri, and D. Çaǧlan. "Engineering geological characterization of coal mine waste material and an evaluation in the context of back-analysis of spoil pile instabilities in a strip mine, SW Turkey." Engineering Geology 40, no. 1-2 (November 1995): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(95)00042-9.

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Alhar, Maysaa A. M., David F. Thompson, and Ian W. Oliver. "Mine spoil remediation via biochar addition to immobilise potentially toxic elements and promote plant growth for phytostabilisation." Journal of Environmental Management 277 (January 2021): 111500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111500.

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41

Gil-Pacheco, E., J. A. Suárez-Navarro, A. B. Fernández-Salegui, S. M. Sánchez-González, M. J. Suarez-Navarro, and A. García-Sánchez. "Factors that influence the absorption of uranium by indigenous plants on the spoil tip of an abandoned mine in western Spain." Science of The Total Environment 759 (March 2021): 143571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143571.

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GRYNDLER, M., R. SUDOVA, D. PUSCHEL, J. RYDLOVA, M. JANOUSKOVA, and M. VOSATKA. "Cultivation of high-biomass crops on coal mine spoil banks: Can microbial inoculation compensate for high doses of organic matter?" Bioresource Technology 99, no. 14 (September 2008): 6391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.059.

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Mensah, Albert Kobina, Bernd Marschner, Vasileios Antoniadis, Eric Stemn, Sabry M. Shaheen, and Jörg Rinklebe. "Human health risk via soil ingestion of potentially toxic elements and remediation potential of native plants near an abandoned mine spoil in Ghana." Science of The Total Environment 798 (December 2021): 149272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149272.

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Valencia-Avellan, Magaly, Rebecca Slack, Anthony Stockdale, and Robert John George Mortimer. "Effect of episodic rainfall on aqueous metal mobility from historical mine sites." Environmental Chemistry 14, no. 8 (2017): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17133.

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Environmental contextEpisodic extreme rainfall events may affect metal dynamics in rivers flowing within historical metal mining areas. This study provides an analysis of the water chemistry and geochemical processes associated with mobilisation of metals during episodic rainfall events. Findings could be used to assess the environmental quality of streams draining spoil waste areas with similar geochemical conditions, and thereby be used to guide future management strategies. AbstractThe increasing frequency and magnitude of episodic rainfall events may affect historical metal mining areas by remobilisation and deposition of metal-rich sediments and enhancing metal-rich run off, impacting river water quality. This study assesses the effects of episodic rainfall in a Carboniferous headwater catchment contaminated by historical Pb and Zn mining. Comprehensive hourly water chemistry measurements combined with modelling using PHREEQC, WHAM/Model VII and WHAM-FTOX were used in this assessment. For the episodic event, we measured flow increases from a baseline of 0.05 to 2.12 m3 s−1 at peak flow. Changes in metal concentration were most marked for ephemeral tributary, with Pb increasing from a baseline concentration of 55 μg L−1 to a peak of 576 μg L−1. Behaviour for Pb showed great affinity to form organic complexes or bind to colloidal Al and Fe oxides, whereas for Zn and the tributary flowing subsurface a more complex behaviour was observed. For example, the dissolution of secondary metal carbonate minerals (e.g. smithsonite (ZnCO3)) is likely constrained by higher concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate derived from increased bedrock weathering under flow conditions induced by episodic rainfall. The abundance of secondary mineral sources and circumneutral pH present during episodic rainfall are important factors controlling the mobilisation of Pb and Zn. Furthermore, episodic rainfall events could enhance metal toxicity but there are aggravating and mitigating factors that depend on site-specific chemical changes. Overall, this study highlighted the complexity of metal mobility and toxicity during these events.

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Ayala, Julia, and Begoña Fernández. "Industrial waste materials as adsorbents for the removal of As and other toxic elements from an abandoned mine spoil heap leachate: a case study in Asturias." Journal of Hazardous Materials 384 (February 2020): 121446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121446.

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46

Reddell, Paul, Victoria Gordon, and Michael S. Hopkins. "Ectomycorrhizas in Eucalyptus tetrodonta and E. miniata Forest Communities in Tropical Northern Australia and their Role in the Rehabilitation of these Forests Following Mining." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 6 (1999): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97126.

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The importance of ectomycorrhizas in Eucalyptus tetrodonta F.Muell. and E. miniata Cunn. ex Schauer dominated forests and woodland communities in the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia was assessed. Ectomycorrhizas colonised between 24 and 54% of final order lateral roots in soil cores collected at 16 native forest sites. Only a minority of the plant species present formed ectomycorrhizas (mainly eucalypts and acacias) but these species contributed more than 75% of the basal area. More than 70 species of putative ectomycorrhizal fungi were collected, with three hypogeous taxa (Nothocastoreum, Hysterangium and an undescribed Boletaceae) most frequently encountered. Glasshouse inoculation experiments confirmed that a diverse range of fungi was capable of forming ectomycorrhizas with E. tetrodonta and E. miniata seedlings, and that the growth of both species could be substantially increased by inoculation with specific fungi. The fungi most effective in increasing seedling growth were generally those which most extensively colonised the seedling roots. A second component of this study investigated the requirements for ectomycorrhizal fungi in native forest rehabilitation following mining. Ectomycorrhizal infectivity was low in disturbed soils and mine spoil materials, with the intensity of disturbance and the presence of regrowth vegetation key determinants of the level of infectivity. Inoculation of seedlings of E. miniata with spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi increased both growth and leaf phosphorus concentrations by between two- and three-fold at 7 months after planting out on a waste rock dump devoid of native ectomycorrhizal propagules. The application of these findings to minesite rehabilitation in the region, and the feasibility of using spores for broad-scale inoculation, are discussed.

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Lohmeier, S., B. G. Lottermoser, T. Schirmer, and W. Fuchsloch. "Reprocessing potential of pegmatite tailings for rare metal extraction and brick fabrication, Uis, Namibia." South African Journal of Geology 124, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 639–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0015.

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Abstract Historic tin mining and mineral processing of the Uis pegmatite deposit (Namibia) has resulted in a series of tailings impoundments. In this study, Uis tailings were characterised to establish their suitability for brick manufacturing and reprocessing potential for rare metals (Be, Li, Nb, Ta). Tailings occur on-site as two distinct types (a) fine- to medium-grained sand (d50 = 120 to 420 μm) in dune-like spoil dumps; and (b) fine- to medium-grained sand (Fraction A: d50 = 120 to 410 μm; ~25% of tailings type) and fine-grained silt (Fraction B: d50 = 18 to 83 μm; ~75% of tailings type) in four low-lying dried-out waste impoundment cells. The two tailings types have a similar and homogeneous mineralogical composition, comprising quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and mica as well as minor cassiterite, columbite-tantalite and petalite, reflecting the micaceous quartzo-feldspathic composition of the source rocks. The main clay mineral is illite with minor (ferroan) clinochlore, cookeite and kaolinite. Such a mineralogical composition allows contemporary brick fabrication due to illite as the main clay mineral, a large proportion of quartz as a stabilizer and only trace amounts of minerals that could have a detrimental effect (e.g. Fe oxides and pyrite). Consequently, the consistent particle size distribution and homogeneous mineralogical composition allow present-day production of high-quality fired bricks from tailings. To date, the use of Uis tailings for brick manufacturing supports the local economy, aids building development and removes silica-rich mine wastes prone to dust dispersion in a remote part of Namibia. In addition, geochemical analysis of the tailings reveals strongly elevated mean concentrations of rare metals (~2 760 mg/kg Li, ~140 mg/kg Be, ~41 mg/kg Ta, ~55 mg/kg Sn, ~74 mg/kg Nb). Resource estimates suggest the presence of ~25 200 t Li2O, ~1 600 t BeO and significant Nb-Ta-Sn in impoundment cell material and a total resource of ~365 000 t Li2O and ~27 900 t BeO in bulk tailings. Thus, Uis tailings also offer the opportunity for reprocessing and extraction of rare metals.

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Ruiz, Francisco, Fabio Perlatti, Daniel P. Oliveira, and Tiago O. Ferreira. "Revealing Tropical Technosols as an Alternative for Mine Reclamation and Waste Management." Minerals 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020110.

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This study was based on the premise that Technosols constructed under tropical conditions are a valuable tool for inexpensive mine reclamation programs. These anthropogenic soils are still poorly studied in Brazil and are not recognized by the Brazilian Soil Classification System. Given the importance of mining to the Brazilian economy (the sector accounts for 20% of all products exported and 5% of the gross domestic product), there is an urgency to properly manage the large amount of waste produced. For this purpose, we suggest the use of Technosols as a strategy to overcome both land degradation and waste production by presenting a successful case of mine rehabilitation combining limestone wastes and tropical grasses. We show that Technosols constructed from the mine spoils can develop into soils suitable for agriculture in a few years, promoting land reclamation and producing food and energy. These soils are also valuable resources that can provide important ecosystem services, such as organic carbon storage.

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Li, Guodong, Shugang Cao, Yong Li, and Zhenyu Zhang. "Load Bearing and Deformation Characteristics of Granular Spoils under Unconfined Compressive Loading for Coal Mine Backfill." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8530574.

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The load bearing capacity and deformation response of granular spoils under uniaxial compression are numerically and experimentally investigated, aiming to shed light on the performance of back filled waste spoils while controlling ground subsidence after coal extraction. In numerical study, the particles are assembled in PFC commercial code in light of the digitized real shape of spoils with image technique, which is proved to be consistent with the physical test. The results from numerical and laboratory experiments showed that the complete compressive process of spoils tended to have spatial and temporal characteristics. The load-strain curves of investigated specimens could be divided into three stages (stage I, rearranging stage; stage II, breaking stage; stage III, consolidating stage) and three zones (I, rearranging zone; II, interlocking zone; III, consolidated zone) from outside to inside. During stage I, the load increasing rate of smaller spoils is relatively low, but it increases faster than larger ones in stages II and III. In addition, spoils with Talbot’s gradation are greater than single gradations. The magnitude of the density in consolidated zone is maximum, indicating that it is the main part holding the overlying strata weight.

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Okagbue, C. O. "Stability of waste spoils in an area strip mine—geological and geotechnical considerations." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 12, no. 3 (May 1987): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290120307.

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