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Journal articles on the topic 'Mine rehabilitation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Horst, Shannon A. "HOOF, MOUTH, AND MANURE LIVESTOCK AND MINE LAND REHABILITATION "Sustainable Mine Land Rehabilitation: the Overview"." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1999, no. 1 (1999): 697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr99010697.

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2

Sansupa, Chakriya, Witoon Purahong, Tesfaye Wubet, Pimonrat Tiansawat, Wasu Pathom-Aree, Neung Teaumroong, Panuwan Chantawannakul, François Buscot, Stephen Elliott, and Terd Disayathanoowat. "Soil bacterial communities and their associated functions for forest restoration on a limestone mine in northern Thailand." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): e0248806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248806.

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Opencast mining removes topsoil and associated bacterial communities that play crucial roles in soil ecosystem functioning. Understanding the community composition and functioning of these organisms may lead to improve mine-rehabilitation practices. We used a culture-dependent method, combined with Illumina sequencing, to compare the taxonomic richness and composition of living bacterial communities in opencast mine substrates and young mine-rehabilitation plots, with those of soil in adjacent remnant forest at a limestone mine in northern Thailand. We further investigated the effects of soil physico-chemical factors and ground-flora cover on the same. Although, loosened subsoil, brought in to initiate rehabilitation, improved water retention and facilitated plant re-establishment, it did not increase the population density of living microbes substantially within 9 months. Planted trees and sparse ground flora in young rehabilitation plots had not ameliorated the micro-habitat enough to change the taxonomic composition of the soil bacteria compared with non-rehabilitated mine sites. Viable microbes were significantly more abundant in forest soil than in mine substrates. The living bacterial community composition differed significantly, between the forest plots and both the mine and rehabilitation plots. Proteobacteria dominated in forest soil, whereas Firmicutes dominated in samples from both mine and rehabilitation plots. Although, several bacterial taxa could survive in the mine substrate, soil ecosystem functions were greatly reduced. Bacteria, capable of chitinolysis, aromatic compound degradation, ammonification and nitrate reduction were all absent or rare in the mine substrate. Functional redundancy of the bacterial communities in both mine substrate and young mine-rehabilitation soil was substantially reduced, compared with that of forest soil. Promoting the recovery of microbial biomass and functional diversity, early during mine rehabilitation, is recommended, to accelerate soil ecosystem restoration and support vegetation recovery. Moreover, if inoculation is included in mine rehabilitation programs, the genera: Bacillus, Streptomyces and Arthrobacter are likely to be of particular interest, since these genera can be cultivated easily and this study showed that they can survive under the extreme conditions that prevail on opencast mines.

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3

Todd, M. C. L., M. A. Adams, and P. F. Grierson. "Mineralisation of nitrogen in a chronosequence of rehabilitated bauxite mines." Soil Research 38, no. 2 (2000): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99047.

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Mine site rehabilitation should aim to establish quickly and maintain the processes of nutrient cycling at rates comparable with, or approaching, those of native forests. Current management strategies for rehabilitating bauxite mines and other mine sites in Australia usually include planting fast-growing understorey species at high densities and applying fertiliser. We provide the first detailed study of nitrogen (N) availability and N transformations (mineralisation/immobilisation) in such rehabilitated mine sites. Mean concentrations of NO3– (0–5 cm) in a chronosequence (7, 13, 22, and 27 years old) of rehabilitated mine sites ranged from 0.5 to 1.3 kg/ha, and NH4+ from 4.0 to 9.5 kg/ha. In burnt and unburnt native jarrah (E. marginata Donn ex. Smith) forests adjacent to the mine site, mean NO3– concentrations in surface soil (0–5 cm) were 0.8 kg/ha (burnt) and 1.1 kg/ha (unburnt), and mean NH4+ concentrations were 6.8 kg/ha (burnt) and 7.8 kg/ha (unburnt). Concentration of NH4+ at 0–5 cm was strongly related to soil water content (R2 = 0.69, P < 0.05) in rehabilitation sites, but not at 5–10 cm depth. Rates of N mineralisation (0–5 cm) in rehabilitation sites ranged from 34 to 52 kg/ha.year, of the same order as rates in native forest soil. In all rehabilitation and native forest sites, rates of N mineralisation were significantly related to rates of N-uptake at both 0–5 and 5–10 cm depth (R2 > 0.63, P < 0.05). Soil C/N ratios (0–5 cm) in rehabilitation sites ranged from 22.4 to 38.8, and in native forests from 35.6 (burnt) to 40.3 (unburnt). Soil C/N ratios increased with depth in both rehabilitation and native forest sites (ranged from 31.2 to 51.6). Availability of water was the major determinant of nitrogen availability in this strongly Mediterranean climate.

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4

Brady, Christopher, Peter Christophersen, and Justin O'Brien. "Incorporating Indigenous knowledge in mine closure: Ranger Uranium Mine." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 133, no. 1 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs21003.

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The Ranger Project Area, located on the lands of the Mirarr clan, is surrounded by Kakadu National Park. After 40 years of uranium production at Ranger Mine, rehabilitation has begun, with a commitment that the land will be restored to a standard such that it could be incorporated into Kakadu National Park. Historically, mine closure has not been done well in the Northern Territory, and little if any consideration has been given to the views of Aboriginal landowners. An Aboriginal perspective of country recognises the interrelationship, via local kinship and moiety systems, of all things – the rocks, plants, animals, people, stories, weather, ceremonies and tradition. There is an opportunity for this worldview to be incorporated into the rehabilitation of Ranger Mine. The mine’s operator ERA (a subsidiary of Rio Tinto) has agreed to Cultural Closure Criteria that reflect a desire of Bininj (Aboriginal people from the region) to again use the land for hunting and gathering, recreation and cultural practice. Allowing Aboriginal people to have input to rehabilitation planning demonstrates a respect for people’s knowledge and connection to country. At Ranger, where the mine was imposed against the wishes of the traditional owners, this is an important step in a return to stewardship of this land and reconnecting people to place.

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5

Cornelissen, H., I. Watson, E. Adam, and T. Malefetse. "Challenges and strategies of abandoned mine rehabilitation in South Africa: The case of asbestos mine rehabilitation." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 205 (October 2019): 106354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.106354.

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6

Vitan, Daniel Cosmin, Daniel Ion Matei, Ionela Cristina Lăpăduș (Măceșaru), and Ionela (Dăjic) Grecea. "Theoretic and experimental research on the possibilities for moderning and reabilitating the extraction installation of the Slănic Prahova salt mine." MATEC Web of Conferences 354 (2022): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235400024.

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The paper deals with the subject of rehabilitation and mechanical modernization of the extraction plant within the mining operation of the salt mine from Slanic Prahova region. The extraction plant serves the 23 August mine shaft of the Unirea mine, and also this mine has been converted into a tourist mine. The rehabilitation of the extraction installation consists in the change of the cutting wheels from the extraction tower due to excessive degradation, requiring the redesign under strict conditions, and also the rehabilitation and extension of the saline water extraction system from the tourist mine. The modernization of the extraction plant consists in the change of the DC hoist engine with an asynchronous engine of the same energy power and research on the possibilities of increasing the cable transport capacity with technical changes made to the extraction tower, mine shaft and the sump. Modernization and rehabilitation carried out on the extraction installation at the Slanic Prahova salt mine, will provide a safety in operation and efficiency to using the necessary electricity for hoist engine operations.

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7

Bennett, J. W., D. K. Gibson, J. R. Harries, G. Pantelis, A. I. M. Ritchie, T. J. Verhoeven, J. Alcock, H. Henkel, and R. J. Applegate. "Rehabilitation of the Rum Jungle Mine Site." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1989, no. 1 (1989): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr89010487.

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8

Wildman, Howard. "Improving Mine Rehabilitation Success Through Microbial Management." Journal of Environmental Solutions for Oil, Gas, and Mining 1, no. 1 (2015): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1573-2377-374x-1.1.32.

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9

Florea, Nelida, and Octavian G. Duliu. "Rehabilitation of the Barzava Uranium Mine Tailings." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 17, no. 3 (July 2013): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000172.

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10

Lottermoser, B. G. "Recycling, Reuse and Rehabilitation of Mine Wastes." Elements 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.7.6.405.

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11

Huxtable, C. H. A., T. B. Koen, and D. Waterhouse. "Establishment of native and exotic grasses on mine overburden and topsoil in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 2 (2005): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05006.

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Native grasses have an important role to play in mine rehabilitation throughout Australia, but there have been few scientifically designed studies of field establishment of native grasses from sown seed in this country. Current recommendations for rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in the Hunter Valley involve the sowing of exotic pasture species to reinstate mined land to Class IV and V under the Rural Land Capability System. Despite the importance of native grasses in the pre-mined landscape, they are currently not widely included in mine rehabilitation. To address this issue a project was conducted between 1994 and 2000 to research the use of native grasses for rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in the Hunter Valley. This paper reports on 2 mine site experiments that aimed to assess establishment and persistence of a broad range of native and exotic grass species from an autumn sowing in both topsoil and raw spoil over a period of 61 months. The most promising natives in terms of early establishment, persistence and spread over time, included six C3 accessions (five Austrodanthonia spp. and Austrostipa bigeniculata) and one C4 accession (Cynodon dactylon). Persistence of these accessions was better in raw spoil than topsoil, despite initial low numbers, due to a lack of weed competition and their ability to spread by self-seeding. In topsoil, and in the absence of any biomass reduction, native species were mostly out-competed by vigorous exotic perennial grasses which were sown in these experiments and from seed influx from adjacent rehabilitation areas or from the soil seed bank. The effects of climatic conditions and differences in soil physical, chemical and seed bank characteristics at the 2 mine sites are also discussed.

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12

Ghose, Mrinal K. "Rehabilitation & revegetation strategies for degraded mine land for sustainable mine closure." Land Contamination & Reclamation 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2462/09670513.632.

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13

Hartzer, Suzette, and Willemien Du Plessis. "The Liability of Historical Mine Authorisation Holders for Rehabilitation of ‘Old Order Mine Dumps’." Southern African Public Law 29, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 469–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3648.

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Mine dumps or tailings (i.e. ‘mine waste’) created by mining activities are some of the main environmental impacts of mining. Historically little or no regard was given to the environment while planning mine dumps, since planning was based on minimum cost, the availability of land and the safety of underground workings.Mine dumps continue to cause water and air pollution when abandoned without being rehabilitated. Abandoned mines and their dumps are common features of the South African landscape. Section 46 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) provides that the state is responsible to rehabilitate abandoned mines if the owner is deceased, cannot be traced, ceased to exist or has been liquidated. Rehabilitation of these mines has extensive financial consequences for the state and indirectly to the taxpayer.The aim of this article is to determine the responsibility of historical mining right holders for such rehabilitation. ‘Historic polluters’ refer to mining companies who caused pollution and environmental degradation due to mining activities before the Minerals Act came into force in 1991. Also to be addressed in this article is the question whether owners of tailings created through an authorisation issued in terms of the now repealed Minerals Act or prior legislation (old order dumps) would be able to escape their rehabilitation obligations or not. Reference will be made to the new proposed amendments to the MPRDA as well in addressing the question.

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14

Mhlongo, Sphiwe Emmanuel, Francis Amponsah-Dacosta, and Nndweleni Fredrick Mphephu. "Rehabilitation prioritization of abandoned mines and its application to Nyala Magnesite Mine." Journal of African Earth Sciences 88 (December 2013): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.08.007.

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15

Williams, Wendy, Angela Chilton, Mel Schneemilch, Stephen Williams, Brett Neilan, and Colin Driscoll. "Microbial biobanking – cyanobacteria-rich topsoil facilitates mine rehabilitation." Biogeosciences 16, no. 10 (May 28, 2019): 2189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2189-2019.

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Abstract. Restoration of soils post-mining requires key solutions to complex issues through which the disturbance of topsoil incorporating soil microbial communities can result in a modification to ecosystem function. This research was in collaboration with Iluka Resources at the Jacinth–Ambrosia (J–A) mineral sand mine located in a semi-arid chenopod shrubland in southern Australia. At J–A, assemblages of microorganisms and microflora inhabit at least half of the soil surfaces and are collectively known as biocrusts. This research encompassed a polyphasic approach to soil microbial community profiling focused on “biobanking” viable cyanobacteria in topsoil stockpiles to facilitate rehabilitation. We found that cyanobacterial communities were compositionally diverse topsoil microbiomes. There was no significant difference in cyanobacterial community structure across soil types. As hypothesised, cyanobacteria were central to soil microprocesses, strongly supported by species richness and diversity. Cyanobacteria were a significant component of all three successional stages with 21 species identified from 10 sites. Known nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Symploca, Scytonema, Porphyrosiphon, Brasilonema, Nostoc, and Gloeocapsa comprised more than 50 % of the species richness at each site and 61 % of the total community richness. In the first study of its kind, we have described the response of cyanobacteria to topsoil stockpiling at various depths and ages. Cyanobacteria are moderately resilient to stockpiling at depth and over time, with average species richness greatest in the top 10 cm of the stockpiles of all ages and more viable within the first 6 weeks, indicating potential for biocrust re-establishment. In general, the resilience of cyanobacteria to burial in topsoil stockpiles in both the short and long term was significant; however, in an arid environment recolonisation and community diversity could be impeded by drought. Biocrust re-establishment during mine rehabilitation relies on the role of cyanobacteria as a means of early soil stabilisation. At J–A mine operations do not threaten the survival of any of the organisms we studied. Increased cyanobacterial biomass is likely to be a good indicator and reliable metric for the re-establishment of soil microprocesses.

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16

Knissel, W., and U. Silberberg. "Mine Rehabilitation — A New Challenge for Mining Engineers." Mineral Resources Engineering 06, no. 02 (June 1997): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0950609897000085.

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17

Wang, Haiqing, Li Li, and Jie Wang. "Research on Evaluation Index of Mine Environment Rehabilitation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1575 (June 2020): 012190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1575/1/012190.

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18

Gould, Susan F. "Does post-mining rehabilitation restore habitat equivalent to that removed by mining? A case study from the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia." Wildlife Research 38, no. 6 (2011): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11019.

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Context Rehabilitation is increasingly being promoted as a strategy for minimising and even reversing biodiversity loss. Many rehabilitation strategies that aim to provide habitat focus entirely on establishing vegetation. Successful vegetation establishment, however, does not necessarily provide habitat that is ecologically equivalent to that removed by vegetation clearing. Quantitative understanding of faunal responses to rehabilitation is required if rehabilitation techniques are to be refined and deliver desired biodiversity outcomes. Aims I aimed to assess the extent to which post-mining rehabilitation restores bird habitat equivalent to that removed in the mining process on the Weipa bauxite plateau. Methods The composition, abundance and richness of bird assemblages were compared between native forest sites and a 23-year chronosequence of post-mining rehabilitation sites. Native forest sites were made up of three Weipa bauxite plateau land units, including the land unit that represents pre-mining native forest, and two land units that are considered to be potential analogues for the post-mining landscape. Key results Bird abundance and bird species richness increased with rehabilitation age. Bird species richness in the two oldest age classes of mine rehabilitation was similar to values obtained from pre-mining native forest and post-mining landscape analogue sites. The composition of bird assemblages, however, was significantly different. Of all the bird species observed, 25% occurred exclusively in native forest sites, 19% occurred exclusively in mine-rehabilitation sites, and the remaining 56% were recorded in both native forest and mine-rehabilitation sites. Site bird-detection rates were significantly related to site vegetation structure, with inter-specific differences in bird response. Conclusions Post-mining rehabilitation at Weipa has partially made up for the loss of habitat caused by clearing for mining. Twenty-three years after rehabilitation commenced, however, a clear residual impact on biodiversity remains, with a third of native forest birds absent from mine rehabilitation, including several native forest specialists. Implications Rehabilitation can partially make up for biodiversity losses caused by the initial loss of habitat. There is no evidence, however, that rehabilitation can achieve ‘no net loss’. Reliance on rehabilitation to achieve conservation outcomes does not address the fact that many fauna species require resources that are found only in mature forest.

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19

Raymond, Gerald P. "Track and support rehabilitation for a mine company railroad." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-108.

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The initial support and tie foundation problems of a railroad track built in 1974 to carry axle loads 21% greater than presently (1998) permitted under interchange laws at a speed of 88 km/h are presented. Some of the concerns related to and affecting the final rehabilitation that resulted in a final satisfactory performance are documented. The foundation engineer's interest is directed to the ballast, the tie, and to a lesser extent the rail's behaviour. Cobble-sized (75-150 mm) river gravel was used as the source for the ballast in the rehabilitation. The ballast's satisfactory performance has permitted the establishment of guidelines for future use of this type source of material where suitable quarried rock is not available. The railroad's satisfactory performance after rehabilitation has proven that the design concepts involving 36 t (40 tons) axle loads operating on 60 kg/m (119 lb/yd) continuously welded rail, concrete ties, and ballast manufactured by crushing from a river aggregate were achievable.Key words: railway track, concrete ties, ballast aggregate, aggregate, crushed face, rail, 36 t (40 tons) axle loads.

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20

Jesus, Camila K. Conegundes de, and Luis Enrique Sánchez. "The long post-closure period of a kaolin mine." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 66, no. 3 (September 2013): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672013000300014.

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Aiming at deriving good practice recommendations for mine closure, this paper reviews the case of a kaolin mine whose production ceased more than ten years ago, but as yet didn't meet its completion criteria. Document review, interviews and site visits showed that: (i) rework was needed to satisfactorily implement land rehabilitation measures such as contouring, slope stabilization, erosion and sediment control and revegetation; (ii) underground water quality was affected during mine operation, causing the mine to be included in the State contaminated sites register. Despite being a small operation, the closure of this mine illustrates a number of problems faced by mining companies in planning and implementing mine closure measures: (1) lack of clear land rehabilitation objectives; (2) the need to manage liabilities related to contaminated sites; (3) loss of organizational memory. The research found that good practices, generally recommended in guidebooks, were not adopted by the company. The main lesson from this relatively simple case - a small mine situated near a dynamic and expanding urban area - are that decommissioning and closure cannot be a makeshift add-on to mine management; these are not trivial activities and require careful planning and integration with mine planning itself.

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21

Krčmarská, Lucie, Hana Růčková, Kristýna Černá, and Václav Dorazil. "Comparison of Costs of Rehabilitation Works on Central Mine Waste Bank of Jan Šverma Mine in Žacléř / Srovnání Nákladů Vynaložených Na Dokončení Rekultivačních Prací Centrálního Odvalu Dolu Jan Šverma V Žacléři V Jednotlivých Letech." GeoScience Engineering 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2014-0032.

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Abstract This article pays particular attention to the evaluation of costs associated with the rehabilitation of the Central Mine Waste Bank of the Jan Šverma Mine in individual years. It mentions briefly the present state of the Central Mine Waste Bank and describes in short the works performed so far on the mine waste bank. Furthermore, the article describes specific types of rehabilitation; the description of partial operations is provided as well. The above-mentioned costs are quantified in a tabular summary for the years 2008 - 2011. These works were ordered by the Ministry of Industry and Trade through the state enterprise Fuel Combine Ústí nad Labem, which had absorbed the former state enterprise East Bohemian Coal Mines in Trutnov [1]

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22

Werner, Tim, Peter Bach, Mohan Yellishetty, Fatemeh Amirpoorsaeed, Stuart Walsh, Alec Miller, Matthew Roach, et al. "A Geospatial Database for Effective Mine Rehabilitation in Australia." Minerals 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2020): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10090745.

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The Australian landscape is affected by abandoned mines that pose environmental, public health and safety risks. To promote the beneficial reuse, rehabilitation and/or remediation of these sites and understand their spatial arrangement, we compiled, classified and analysed a country-wide geospatial database of all known inactive hard rock mine sites. Following extensive review and classification of disparate records of such sites that have been terminated, neglected or classified as heritage, plus those under care and maintenance in Australia, we assessed state-by-state reporting and cross-border rehabilitation requirements. This was enabled by the development of the Mining Incidence Documentation & Assessment Scheme (MIDAS) that can be used to catalogue and compare active or inactive mine data regardless of reporting conventions. At a national level, and with four case studies, we performed GIS-based spatial analyses and environmental risk assessments to demonstrate potential uses of our database. Analyses considered the proximity of sites to factors such as infrastructure and sensitive environmental receptors. As Australia struggles to manage the ongoing technical, socioeconomic and environmental challenges of effective mine rehabilitation, the insights enabled by this national-level spatial database may be key to developing coordinated responses that extend beyond state boundaries. Our classification and methodology are easily transferable, thereby encouraging more formalized, systematic and widespread documentation of abandoned mines worldwide.

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23

Longo, Sue. "REHABILITATION OF HISTORICAL UNDERGROUND MINE WORKINGS—A PHASED APPROACH." Journal of Environmental Solutions for Oil, Gas, and Mining 5, no. 1 (September 2019): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/2377-3545-5.1.25.

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INTRODUCTION Rehabilitation is essential in legacy mines as mine hazards do not improve with time; they will always get worse. Most hazard mitigation techniques address immediate risk but do nothing to actually fix the problem. The current impetus is to move away from simply identifying and managing risks and towards long-term solutions that eliminate the hazards in a planned way. This article will describe a proven approach to identify and eliminate hazards in such a way as to preserve the positive legacy of mining while eliminating issues that affect the environment and communities in proximity to legacy mine sites.

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CLAASSENS, S. "SOIL MICROBIAL PROPERTIES IN COAL MINE TAILINGS UNDER REHABILITATION." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 4, no. 1 (August 6, 2006): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0401_075083.

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25

Zhao, Fuqiang, Yue Ma, Fengming Xi, Lun Yang, and Jing Sun. "Evaluating the sustainability of mine rehabilitation programs in China." Restoration Ecology 28, no. 5 (September 2020): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.13183.

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KUMAR, PRAVEEN, SURESH KUMAR, K. D. SHARMA, ASHOK CHOUDHARY, and KAPIL GEHLOT. "Lignite Mine Spoil Characterization and Approaches for Its Rehabilitation." Arid Land Research and Management 19, no. 1 (December 22, 2004): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15324980590887218.

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27

Raval, S., R. N. Merton, and D. Laurence. "Satellite based mine rehabilitation monitoring using WorldView-2 imagery." Mining Technology 122, no. 4 (December 2013): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743286313y.0000000039.

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28

Junaidi, Junaidi, and Eric K. H. Goh. "INTEGRATED REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR MODELING ECONOMIC REHABILITATION DEVELOPMENT OF EX-MINE SITES." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 25, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.241.

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The potential environmental impacts of mining, increasing environmental legislation and public awareness have received increased attention world-wide in the last two decades. The focus of concern by the industry, environmental regulatory agencies and members of the public is the systematic rehabilitation of ex-mine sites to improve the quality at site for potential future commercial land use. The minerals extracted from these mine/quarry sites are essential in the construction, semiconductor, high-technology, ceramic and other manufacturing sectors for further industrial development. However, efficient engineering design and systematic economic evaluation of mine sites for site rehabilitation are required in maintaining the expected standards of environmental compliance. With escalating production costs and the keen competitiveness of the mining industry world-wide, the necessity to increase the efficiency in site rehabilitation is getting more prominence. A coordinated environmental protection and rehabilitation programme is essential if the environmental awareness of the community and the demands of the respective planning authorities are to be accommodated. There is thus a need to increase the base of knowledge for efficient planning in the systematic and progressive rehabilitation of current and future ex-mine sites. An efficient modeling tool is required for the systematic planning and design of potential economic land development of ex-mine sites. The applicability of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is a useful tool to acquire spatial information for the systematic design and planning of potential development of ex-mine sites. This research was conducted to detect the trends in the suitability of land cover changes via land cover change detection of ex-mine sites and validated with reality. The findings are useful to assist in the development of a tool for efficient modeling and design of potential economic development of ex-mine sites. The aim of this research is to quantify, model and map the economic potential of the ex-mine sites for built up areas such as housing and other urban infrastructures. Land cover classes were interpreted into maps and the accuracy of the maps were validated to reference data and actual ground scenarios. The study for validation of the proposed modeling tool was carried out using the large prominent mining area in Malaysia namely the Kinta District. Results from the validation study carried out indicate that the correlation of the results obtained from this Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS tool for modeling to field data is in the range of 0.87-0.92 which is acceptable and close to reality.

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Tanciongco, Alexandria, Rico Neil Quierrez, Jessie Samaniego, Cris Reven Gibaga, and Mariel Montano. "Integrating Historic Mine Hazard Scoring for Comprehensive Assessment of Abandoned Mine Rehabilitation in the Philippines." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 13, no. 4 (2022): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2022.13.4.1380.

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Abandoned mines remain a social, environmental, and health-risk problem for the Philippines. These abandoned sites are generally characterized by water-filled pit lakes surrounded with disturbed and exposed soils and sediments containing elevated values of heavy metals and other environmental contaminants. Previous studies with abandoned mines in the Philippines have initiated the use of integrated methods for the assessment of existing abandoned mine site conditions as a tool for decision-making. To further provide a numerical basis for rehabilitation prioritization, this paper aimed to utilize the modified Historic Mine Site Scoring System (HMS-SS) for physical and environmental hazard assessment of the abandoned mercury mine located in Barangay Sta. Lourdes, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines and to produce hazard classification maps based on the generated scores. Results identified the pit lake to be extremely hazardous physically, however, the liquid material (rainfall accumulation in the pit) yielded very low environmental hazard scores with only a few identified points that exceed the regulatory limit. Moreover, the two (2) identified mine tailings sites were found to be physically moderately hazardous but are categorized as extremely hazardous for the environmental aspect. The hazard scoring, coupled with the integrated environmental methods for characterization and development of hazard maps, is recommended as a scientific and quantitative basis for providing decisions in priority of actions to be taken with regards to abandoned mine sites.

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30

Prasad, M. N. V., Mani Rajkumar, and Helena Freitas. "Rehabilitation of abandoned mine sites: connection to bioprospecting of metal tolerant plants and phytoassisted rhizoremediation." Journal of Palaeosciences 57, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2008): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2008.274.

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Contemporary strategies for rehabilitation and remediation of abandoned mine sites and the need for bioprospecting metal tolerant plants have been reviewed with particular emphasis on phytoassisted rhizoremediation. The key processes involved in phytoremediation technology are (i) metal uptake, transport, accumulation and (ii) phytostabilization. Other related applications are: erosion control of mine tailings and metals and use of environmental and industrial crops. Phytoremediation can be in situ, growing, harvesting plants on a contaminated site an aesthetically pleasing process, solar-energy driven, and passive technique. This technique is being used along with or, in some cases, in place of expensive conventional chemical and mechanical cleanup methods. Environmental degradation due to Acid Mine Drainage and role of aquatic macrophytes for its rehabilitation are also presented.

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Chen, Fuyao, Yongjun Yang, Jiaxin Mi, Run Liu, Huping Hou, and Shaoliang Zhang. "Effects of Vegetation Pattern and Spontaneous Succession on Remediation of Potential Toxic Metal-Polluted Soil in Mine Dumps." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020397.

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The ecological rehabilitation of potential toxic metal-contaminated soils in sites disturbed by mining has been a great challenge in recent decades. Phytoremediation is one of the most widely promoted renovation methods due to its environmental friendliness and low cost. However, there is a lack of in situ investigation on the influence of vegetation pattern and spontaneous succession on the rehabilitation of potential toxic metal-polluted soil. To clarify how the vegetation pattern in the early stage of restoration and the spontaneous succession influence the remediation of the soil, we investigated a metal mining dump in Sichuan, China, by field investigation and laboratory analysis. We determined the plant growth, soil fertility, and the capacity of potential toxic metals (PTMs) in metal mining soil under different initial vegetation patterns for different years to understand the role of vegetation pattern and spontaneous succession in PTM pollution phytoremediation projects. The results show that: (1) Phytoremediation with a simple initial vegetation pattern (RP rehabilitative plant pattern) which involves two rehabilitation plants, Agave sisalana and Neyraudia reynaudiana, achieves a PTM pollution index that is 9.28% lower than that obtained with the complex vegetation pattern (RP&LP rehabilitation plants mixed with local plants pattern), 21.86% lower in the soil fertility index, and 73.69% lower in the biodiversity index; (2) The phytoremediation with the 10-year RP&LP pattern was associated with a PTM pollution index that was 4.04% higher than that for the 17-year RP&LP pattern, a soil fertility index that was 4.48% lower, and a biodiversity index that was 12.49% lower. During the process of vegetation succession, if accumulator plants face inhibition of growth or retreat, the reclamation rate will decrease. The vegetation patterns influence the effect of phytoremediation. Spontaneous vegetation succession will cause the phytoremediation process to deviate from the intended target. Therefore, according to the goal of vegetation restoration, choosing a suitable vegetation pattern is the main premise to ensure the effect of phytoremediation. The indispensable manipulation of succession is significant during the succession series, and more attention should be paid to the rehabilitative plants to ensure the stable effect of reclamation. The results obtained in this study could provide a guideline for the in situ remediation of PTM-polluted soil in China.

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Neldner, Victor John, and Michael R. Ngugi. "Application of the BioCondition assessment framework to mine vegetation rehabilitation." Ecological Management & Restoration 15, no. 2 (April 25, 2014): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12102.

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Evans, Kenneth G. "Methods for assessing mine site rehabilitation design for erosion impact." Soil Research 38, no. 2 (2000): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99036.

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Erosion of rehabilitated mines may result in landform instability, which in turn may result in exposure of encapsulated contaminants, elevated sediment delivery at catchment outlets, and subsequent degradation of downstream water quality. Rehabilitation design can be assessed using erosion and hydrology models calibrated to mine site conditions. Incision rates in containment structures can be quantified using 3-dimensional landform evolution simulation techniques. Sediment delivery at catchment outlets for various landform amelioration techniques can be predicted using process-based and empirical erosion-prediction models and sediment delivery ratios. The predicted sediment delivery can be used to estimate an average annual stream sediment load that can, in turn, be used to assess water quality impacts. Application of these techniques is demonstrated through a case study applied to a proposed rehabilitation design option for the Energy Resources of Australia Ltd (ERA) Ranger Mine in the Northern Territory of Australia.

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Gastauer, Markus, Joyce Reis Silva, Cecílio Fróis Caldeira Junior, Silvio Junio Ramos, Pedro Walfir Martins Souza Filho, Antonio Eduardo Furtini Neto, and José Oswaldo Siqueira. "Mine land rehabilitation: Modern ecological approaches for more sustainable mining." Journal of Cleaner Production 172 (January 2018): 1409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.223.

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35

Claassens, S., P. J. Jansen Van Rensburg, and L. Van Rensburg. "Soil Microbial Community Structure of Coal Mine Discard Under Rehabilitation." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 174, no. 1-4 (July 2006): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9125-y.

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36

Mętel, Sylwia, Magdalena Kostrzon, Justyna Adamiak, Halina Gattner, Dominika Kościelecka, Angelika Sosulska, Elżbieta Szczygieł, and Joanna Golec. "The influence of speleotherapy combined with pulmonary rehabilitation on functional fitness in older adults – preliminary report." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (January 2020): 175346662092695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620926952.

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Objective: Our aim was to determine the influence of pulmonary rehabilitation conducted in therapeutic salt mine chambers on the functional fitness of older adults. Methods: The study included 22 individuals of age >65 years with chronic respiratory conditions. The patients underwent the Fullerton test before and after a 3-week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine Health Resort. Results: After the rehabilitation stay, the results showed statistically significant improvements within five of the six parameters evaluated. In the Arm Curl, the mean number of repetitions within 30 s increased from 14.55 ± 3.63 to 16.68 ± 3.83 and in the Chair Stand from 11.86 ± 2.55 to 14.41 ± 2.95. Beneficial changes were observed in the Back Scratch, but without statistical significance. In Sit and Reach results increased from -2.3 ± 11.11cm to 2.14 ± 9.19 cm. Time for performing the 8-Foot Up and Go decreased from 6.63 ± 1.27 s to 5.8 ± 0.86 s and in 2-Minute Step results increased from 88.27 ± 20.64 to 96.55 ± 16.38 repetitions. Conclusion: Functional fitness of examined older adults with pulmonary disorders has increased after a rehabilitation and treatment stay in underground salt mine chambers. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

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Collins, Margaret, Mark Brundrett, John Koch, and Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam. "Colonisation of jarrah forest bauxite-mine rehabilitation areas by orchid mycorrhizal fungi." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 6 (2007): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06170.

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Orchids require mycorrhizal fungi for germination of seed and growth of seedlings. The colonisation of bauxite-mine rehabilitation areas by orchids is therefore dependent on the availability of both seed and mycorrhizal fungi. Orchid mycorrhizal fungi baiting trials were carried out in rehabilitation areas that were 1, 10 and 26 years old (established in 2001, 1992 and 1976) and adjacent unmined jarrah forest areas at Jarrahdale, Western Australia. Fungal baits consisted of buried six-chambered nylon-mesh packets containing seed of six jarrah forest orchid taxa, Caladenia flava subsp. flava R.Br., Disa bracteata Sw., Microtis media subsp. media R.Br., Pterostylis recurva Benth., Pyrorchis nigricans (R.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. and Thelymitra crinita Lindl. Detection of orchid mycorrhizal fungi was infrequent, especially at the youngest rehabilitation sites where only mycorrhizal fungi associated with P. recurva were detected. Mycorrhizal fungi of the other orchid taxa were widespread but sparsely distributed in older rehabilitation and forest areas. Detection of mycorrhizal fungi varied between taxa and baiting sites for the two survey years (2002 and 2004). Caladenia flava subsp. flava and T. crinita mycorrhizal fungi were the most frequently detected. The presence of C. flava mycorrhizal fungi was correlated with leafy litter cover and maximum depth, and soil moisture at the vegetation type scale (50 × 5 m belt transects), as well as tree and litter cover at the microhabitat scale (1-m2 quadrats). The presence of T. crinita mycorrhizal fungi was positively correlated with soil moisture in rehabilitation areas and low shrub cover in forest. The frequency of detection of orchid mycorrhizal fungi both at rehabilitated sites (15–25% of baits) and in unmined forest (15–50% of baits) tended to increase with rehabilitation age as vegetation recovered. The failure of some orchid taxa to reinvade rehabilitation areas is unlikely to be entirely due to absence of the appropriate mycorrhizal fungi. However, since the infrequent detection of fungi suggests that they occur in isolated patches of soil, the majority of dispersed orchid seeds are likely to perish, especially in recently disturbed habitats.

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Vatalis, Konstantinos I. "Asbestos Rehabilitation Project as a Model of Landscape Sustainability." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.292069.

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Greece was one of the biggest producers of asbestos in the world as well as a consumer. It took advantage of the asbestos rich Zidani mine, in the region of Western Macedonia in Greece. However, due to serious health problems caused by inhaling asbestos, it was banned in 1979 and the mine closed in March 2000. Rehabilitation management of the abandoned asbestos mining area, the depositions in the open - pit mining area and the tailings remnants was necessary in order to avoid health and environmental problems in the wider area The detailed soil protection and rehabilitation project of the degraded mining area was implemented taking all necessary and appropriate safety and health measures according to the requirements of the relevant E.U and National legislation, so that accidents would be prevented. Results show that the rehabilitation, soil protection and enhancement of the area help the ecosystems to be sustainable, ecologically and socially acceptable

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Audet, P., S. Arnold, A. M. Lechner, D. R. Mulligan, and T. Baumgartl. "Climate suitability estimates offer insight into fundamental revegetation challenges among post-mining rehabilitated landscapes in eastern Australia." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2012): 18545–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-18545-2012.

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Abstract. Rehabilitation of post-mining sites in semi-arid/subtropical environments of eastern Australia have a general objective to establish specific types of native vegetation communities as defined in mine closure plans and in relation to the specific biotic and abiotic requirements of such communities. Critical for the success of rehabilitation is the availability of water and hence the climatic characteristic of this geographical region which is defined by a number of weather-bound factors (e.g. potentially erratic rainfall and periods of drought and flooding). However, specific estimates of climate suitability are seldom incorporated into current mined land rehabilitation design. To address this, our analysis combined various broad-scale climatic parameters (i.e. primarily relating to rainfall) to assess bioregional suitability-susceptibility within the context of plant early-establishment in the objective of informing rehabilitation schemes as to the inherent environmental challenges influencing both short- and long-term ecological development. Following our survey of available climate data, we derived site suitability-susceptibility indexes (that are otherwise currently not available within rehabilitation schemes) and compared the performance of 9 mine site locations in which our Centre has been engaged in environmental monitoring (Weipa, Mt. Isa, Ernest Henry, Eromanga, Kidston, Curragh, Tarong, North Stradbroke Island, and Newnes Plateau). More specifically, the sites were ranked from most-to-least suitable and compared with natural vegetation patterns (as estimated by the mean NDVI). Overall, it was determined that regular rainfall and relatively short periods of water-deficit are key characteristics of climate suitability (as found among the relatively more temperate coastal-hinterland sites), whereas high rainfall variability and (or) prolonged seasonal drought are primary characteristics of unsuitability (as found among the arid central-inland sites). Conceptual and practical considerations are provided which could inform rehabilitation schemes as to the inherent environmental challenges influencing both short- and long-term ecological development.

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Ngugi, Michael R., and Victor J. Neldner. "Two-tiered methodology for the assessment and projection of mine vegetation rehabilitation against mine closure restoration goal." Ecological Management & Restoration 16, no. 3 (September 2015): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12176.

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Salazar, Miguel, [Agrave]ngela Bosch-Serra, Germán Estudillos, and Rosa Maria Poch. "Rehabilitation of Semi-Arid Coal Mine Spoil Bank Soils with Mine Residues and Farm Organic By-Products." Arid Land Research and Management 23, no. 4 (October 9, 2009): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15324980903231934.

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42

Carvalho, Luísa C., Erika S. Santos, Jorge A. Saraiva, M. Clara F. Magalhães, Felipe Macías, and Maria Manuela Abreu. "The Potential of Cistus salviifolius L. to Phytostabilize Gossan Mine Wastes Amended with Ash and Organic Residues." Plants 11, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050588.

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The São Domingos mine is within the Iberian Pyrite Belt, a mining district with large concentrations of polymetallic massive sulfide deposits. Mine waste heaps are considered extreme environments, since they contain high total concentrations of potentially hazardous elements (PHE), which contribute to inhibiting the development of most plants. Autochthonous plant species, such as Cistus salviifolius L., are able to grow naturally in this degraded environment, and may contribute to minimizing the negative chemical impacts and improving the landscape quality. However, the environmental rehabilitation processes associated with the development of these plants (phytostabilization) are very slow, so the use of materials/wastes to improve some physicochemical properties of the matrix is necessary in order to speed up the process. This work studied the effectiveness of the phytostabilization with C. salviifolius of gossan mine wastes from the mine of São Domingos amended with organic and inorganic wastes in order to construct Technosols. The mine wastes have an acid pH (≈3.5), high total concentrations of PHE and low concentrations of organic C and available nutrients. The best vegetative development occurred without visible signs of toxicity in the Technosols containing a mixture of agriculture residues. These treatments allowed the improvement of the soil-plant system providing a better plant cover and improved several chemical properties of mine wastes, helping to speed up the environmental rehabilitation.

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Alm, Alvin A., Keith R. Cudworth, Sam K. Dickinson, and Orlyn J. Olson. "Reclamation of Iron Mine Waste in Minnesota with Trees and Shrubs." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/2.2.47.

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Abstract Iron mine wastes provide a harsh environment for plant growth. Successful revegetation with trees and shrubs requires the use of different techniques on each type of mine waste. Revegetation of abandoned mine wastes by the Mineland Reclamation Division of the Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board in Minnesota is described. Plantings with bareroot and containerized seedlings indicate that containers are a good alternative on the mine sites which are physically difficult to plant. General recommendations and considerations when reclaiming mining sites with trees are discussed These findings are most applicable to reclamation activities in Minnesota but may be applied in iron mine reclamation elsewhere. North J. Appl. For. 2:47-50, June 1985

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Bennett, J. W., J. R. Harries, and A. I. M. Ritchie. "Rehabilitation of Waste Rock Dumps at the Rum Jungle Mine Site." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1988, no. 1 (1988): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr88010104.

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45

Harford, Andrew J., Renee E. Bartolo, Chris L. Humphrey, Jaylen D. Nicholson, Darren L. Richardson, David Rissik, Michelle Iles, and Jeffrey M. Dambacher. "Resolving ecosystem complexity in ecological risk assessment for mine site rehabilitation." Journal of Environmental Management 319 (October 2022): 115488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115488.

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SHIMADA, Hideki, Kikuo MATSUI, Masatomo ICHINOSE, Ryuzo MAEHATAKE, Hideaki NAKAGAWA, Hirofumi FURUKAWA, Takeshi UEDA, Budi SULISTIANTO, and Suseno KRAMADIBRATA. "Study on Rehabilitation in Opencut Coal Mine and Utilization of Flyash." Shigen-to-Sozai 122, no. 10/11 (2006): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.122.504.

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Claassens, S., K. J. Riedel, L. Van Rensburg, J. J. Bezuidenhout, and P. J. Jansen van Rensburg. "Microbial community function and structure on coal mine discard under rehabilitation." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 23, no. 2 (January 2006): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2006.10634739.

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Sharma, K. D., Praveen Kumar, L. P. Gough, and J. R. Sanfilipo. "Rehabilitation of a lignite mine-disturbed area in the Indian desert." Land Degradation & Development 15, no. 2 (March 2004): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.601.

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Waggitt, Peter W. "Uranium mine rehabilitation: the story of the South Alligator Valley intervention." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 76, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.03.018.

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Manero, Ana, Marit Kragt, Rachel Standish, Ben Miller, David Jasper, Guy Boggs, and Renee Young. "A framework for developing completion criteria for mine closure and rehabilitation." Journal of Environmental Management 273 (November 2020): 111078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111078.

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