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Journal articles on the topic 'Millimetre wave radar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Essen, H., A. Wahlen, R. Sommer, G. Konrad, M. Schlechtweg, and A. Tessmann. "Very high bandwidth millimetre-wave radar." Electronics Letters 41, no. 22 (2005): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20052174.

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2

Hotte, David, Romain Siragusa, Yvan Duroc, and Smail Tedjini. "Radar cross‐section measurement in millimetre‐wave for passive millimetre‐wave identification tags." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 9, no. 15 (December 2015): 1733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2015.0281.

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3

Fischer, C., M. Goppelt, H. L. Blöcher, and J. Dickmann. "Minimizing interference in automotive radar using digital beamforming." Advances in Radio Science 9 (July 29, 2011): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-9-45-2011.

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Abstract. Millimetre wave radar is an essential part of automotive safety functions. A high interference tolerance, especially with other radar sensors, is vital. This paper gives an overview of the motivation, the boundary conditions and related activities in the MOSARIM project funded by the European Union and concerned with interference mitigation in automotive radars. Current and planned activities considering Digital Beamforming (DBF) as a method for interference mitigation are presented.

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4

Britton, A., and D. Joynson. "An all weather millimetre wave imaging radar for UAVs." Aeronautical Journal 105, no. 1053 (November 2001): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000012598.

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Abstract In this paper we describe a new 35GHz air-borne radar developed jointly by DERA and Alenia Marconi Systems. This radar is a functional prototype of a more highly configured imaging radar which is designed to meet the needs for all-weather imaging both for future unmanned air vehicles (UAV) and for seekers in the next generation of surface attack weapons. The radar achieves high range resolution through a combination of pseudo-random phase coding and frequency agility. This is then augmented by synthetic aperture techniques to allow forward looking high resolution 2D imagery to be obtained. The radar has been installed on a fixed wing aircraft and has been used to gather fixed and relocatable target signature data under tactically representative conditions. The paper begins with a discussion of the requirements for such a radar and then a review of its design and performance is presented. This is followed by examples of target signatures gathered during the initial system flights and a discussion on their exploitation for surveillance, target acquisition and tracking.

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5

Kim, J., J. E. Lee, H. S. Lim, and S. Lee. "Face identification using millimetre-wave radar sensor data." Electronics Letters 56, no. 20 (September 30, 2020): 1077–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2020.1822.

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6

Bystrov, Aleksandr, Liam Daniel, Edward Hoare, Fatemeh Norouzian, Mikhail Cherniakov, and Marina Gashinova. "Experimental Evaluation of 79 and 300 GHz Radar Performance in Fire Environments." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020439.

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This paper presents an experimental study of the propagation of mm-wave/low-THz signals in the frequency ranges of 79 and 300 GHz through fire. Radar performance was investigated in various real scenarios, including fire with strong flame, dense smoke and water vapour. A stereo video camera and a LIDAR were used as a comparison with other common types of sensors. The ability of radars to enable the visibility of objects in fire environments was proven. In all scenarios, the radar signal attenuation was measured, and in the case of steam was compared with theoretical calculations. The analysis of the experimental results allows us to conclude that there are good prospects for millimetre wave and Low Terahertz radar in the field of firefighting imaging equipment.

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Bystrov, Aleksandr, Liam Daniel, Edward Hoare, Fatemeh Norouzian, Mikhail Cherniakov, and Marina Gashinova. "Experimental Evaluation of 79 and 300 GHz Radar Performance in Fire Environments." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020439.

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This paper presents an experimental study of the propagation of mm-wave/low-THz signals in the frequency ranges of 79 and 300 GHz through fire. Radar performance was investigated in various real scenarios, including fire with strong flame, dense smoke and water vapour. A stereo video camera and a LIDAR were used as a comparison with other common types of sensors. The ability of radars to enable the visibility of objects in fire environments was proven. In all scenarios, the radar signal attenuation was measured, and in the case of steam was compared with theoretical calculations. The analysis of the experimental results allows us to conclude that there are good prospects for millimetre wave and Low Terahertz radar in the field of firefighting imaging equipment.

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8

Owda, Amani, Majdi Owda, and Nacer-Ddine Rezgui. "Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging for Burn Wounds Diagnostics." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030847.

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The need for technologies to monitor the wound healing under dressing materials has led us to investigate the feasibility of using microwave and millimetre wave radiations due to their sensitivity to water, non- ionising nature, and transparency to dressing materials and clothing. This paper presents synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images obtained from an active microwave and millimetre wave scanner operating over the band 15–40 GHz. Experimental images obtained from porcine skin samples with the presence of dressing materials and after the application of localised heat treatments reveal that SAR images can be used for diagnosing burns and for potentially monitoring the healing under dressing materials. The experimental images were extracted separately from the amplitude and phase measurements of the input reflection coefficient (S11). The acquired images indicate that skin and burns can be detected and observed through dressing materials as well as features of the skin such as edges, irregularities, bends, burns, and variation in the reflectance of the skin. These unique findings enable a microwave and millimetre-wave scanner to be used for evaluating the wound healing progress under dressing materials without their often-painful removal: a capability that will reduce the cost of healthcare, distress caused by long waiting hours, and the healthcare interventional time.

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9

Dore, Alexandre, Cristian Pasquaretta, Dominique Henry, Edmond Ricard, Jean-François Bompa, Mathieu Bonneau, Alain Boissy, Dominique Hazard, Mathieu Lihoreau, and Hervé Aubert. "A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry." Sensors 21, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 8140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238140.

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The automated quantification of the behaviour of freely moving animals is increasingly needed in applied ethology. State-of-the-art approaches often require tags to identify animals, high computational power for data collection and processing, and are sensitive to environmental conditions, which limits their large-scale utilization, for instance in genetic selection programs of animal breeding. Here we introduce a new automated tracking system based on millimetre-wave radars for real time robust and high precision monitoring of untagged animals. In contrast to conventional video tracking systems, radar tracking requires low processing power, is independent on light variations and has more accurate estimations of animal positions due to a lower misdetection rate. To validate our approach, we monitored the movements of 58 sheep in a standard indoor behavioural test used for assessing social motivation. We derived new estimators from the radar data that can be used to improve the behavioural phenotyping of the sheep. We then showed how radars can be used for movement tracking at larger spatial scales, in the field, by adjusting operating frequency and radiated electromagnetic power. Millimetre-wave radars thus hold considerable promises precision farming through high-throughput recording of the behaviour of untagged animals in different types of environments.

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10

Bureneva, O. I., I. G. Gorbunov, G. V. Komarov, A. A. Konovalov, M. S. Kupriyanov, and Yu A. Shichkina. "A Prototype of Automotive 77 GHz Radar." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 24, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-3-22-38.

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Introduction. Automotive radars are the main tools for providing traffic safety. The development of such radars involve a number of technical difficulties due to the manufacture of high-precision extremely high-frequency (EHF) printed circuit boards. To facilitate the process of creating such devices, the existing algorithms for radar information processing should be debugged using prototypes from manufacturers of mm-band transceivers. However, the parameters of such boards are not known in advance, and the actual operating conditions of the as-produced automotive radars raise new challenges to target tracking algorithms. Therefore, checking the performance of such boards is a relevant research problem.Aim. To evaluate the performance of a millimeter-wave automotive radar prototype and to test target tracking algorithms using this prototype.Materials and methods. An original target tracking method was used, which considers the constraints on the use of additional data sources about the radar carrier movement.Results. An experimental performance evaluation of a 77 GHz automotive radar prototype was carried out. The effectiveness of primary processing for the target class “vehicle” in the millimetre range was checked. Original algorithms for target tracking were proposed and tested.Conclusion. The obtained results show that the prototype board of a transceiver chip is capable of testing tracking algorithms without creating an own automotive radar prototype. Thus, the developmental process can be significantly shortened. Moreover, after creating a hardware solution, the developer obtains a reference device to test and configure an own product without using extremely expensive and rare EHF equipment.

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11

Bertl, S., A. Dallinger, and J. Detlefsen. "Broadband circular interferometric millimetre-wave ISAR for threat detection." Advances in Radio Science 5 (June 12, 2007): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-5-147-2007.

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Abstract. To detect threats on a person's body surface the application of millimetre-waves is possible. In order to get a view of the person from all sides either the person has to be rotated standing on a turntable (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, ISAR) or a sensor is moved on a circular path around the person (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR). The goal of the reconstruction is to obtain information about the shape of the threats and their positions in all three dimensions. At first the reconstruction is done along range and azimuth, which span the principal surface given by the sensor configuration. This paper reports on two methods to obtain the third spatial dimension. Due to the circular shape and its 3D focussing ability of the aperture this information can be obtained by the evaluation of the image focus. Secondly, if two coherent receiving channels are used, a possibility to achieve 3D spatial resolution is the processing of the interferometric phase. A comparison between these two will be presented.

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12

Felguera-Martín, D., J. T. González-Partida, P. Almorox-González, M. Burgos-García, and B. P. Dorta-Naranjo. "Interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar experiment using an interferometric linear frequency modulated continuous wave millimetre-wave radar." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 5, no. 1 (2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0111.

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13

Paredes, José A., Fernando J. Álvarez, Miles Hansard, and Khalid Z. Rajab. "A Gaussian Process model for UAV localization using millimetre wave radar." Expert Systems with Applications 185 (December 2021): 115563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115563.

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14

Almalioglu, Yasin, Mehmet Turan, Chris Xiaoxuan Lu, Niki Trigoni, and Andrew Markham. "Milli-RIO: Ego-Motion Estimation With Low-Cost Millimetre-Wave Radar." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 3314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.3023243.

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15

Webb, A. R. "Point-source location using a millimetre wave focal-plane array radar." IEE Proceedings F Radar and Signal Processing 138, no. 6 (1991): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-2.1991.0078.

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16

Moll, Jochen, Philip Arnold, Moritz Mälzer, Viktor Krozer, Dimitry Pozdniakov, Rahmi Salman, Stephan Rediske, Markus Scholz, Herbert Friedmann, and Andreas Nuber. "Radar-based structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades: The case of damage detection." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 4 (August 6, 2017): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717721447.

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Structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades is challenging due to its large dimensions, as well as the complex and heterogeneous material system. In this article, we will introduce a radically new structural health monitoring approach that uses permanently installed radar sensors in the microwave and millimetre-wave frequency range for remote and in-service inspection of wind turbine blades. The radar sensor is placed at the tower of the wind turbine and irradiates the electromagnetic waves in the direction of the rotating blades. Experimental results for damage detection of complex structures will be presented in a laboratory environment for the case of a 10-mm-thick glass-fibre-reinforced plastic plate, as well as a real blade-tip sample.

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17

Xiong, Wei, Jingsheng Luo, and Chaopeng Yu. "Power line detection in millimetre‐wave radar images applying convolutional neural networks." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 15, no. 9 (May 19, 2021): 1083–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12090.

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18

Zhang, Changlong, Jimin Wei, Albert Sibo Hu, and Peipei Fu. "A novel method for calibration and verification of roadside millimetre‐wave radar." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 16, no. 3 (November 29, 2021): 408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12151.

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19

Li, Wei, Jiahao Jiang, Yi Yao, Danian Liu, Yang Gao, and Qi Li. "Hand character gesture recognition based on a single millimetre‐wave radar chip." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 16, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12177.

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20

Gallee, F., G. Landrac, and M. M. Ney. "Artificial lens for third-generation automotive radar antenna at millimetre-wave frequencies." IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 150, no. 6 (2003): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:20030745.

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21

Wen, Cai, Jiang Zhu, Yan Zhou, and Jinye Peng. "Study on ISAR imaging for forward-looking missile-borne millimetre wave radar." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 20 (October 1, 2019): 6718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2019.0297.

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22

Suomela, J., J. Kuusela, and A. Halme. "Millimetre Wave Radar for Close Terrain Mapping of an Intelligent Autonomous Vehicle." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, no. 11 (June 1995): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46994-1.

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23

Kuroda, Hiroshi, and Kazuaki Takano. "A Study on Adapting the Zoom FET Algorithm to Automotive Millimetre Wave Radar." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 123, no. 5 (2003): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.123.634.

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24

Gaucher, B., B. Floyd, S. Reynolds, U. Pfeiffer, J. Grzyb, A. Joseph, E. Mina, et al. "Silicon germanium based millimetre-wave ICs for Gbps wireless communications and radar systems." Semiconductor Science and Technology 22, no. 1 (December 8, 2006): S236—S243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/22/1/s55.

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25

Yadav, Rekha, Pawan Kumar Dahiya, and Rajesh Mishra. "A Scalable Millimetre-Wave Differential CMOS Cross-Coupled VCO for Automotive Radar Application." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 10 (May 24, 2018): 1850158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661850158x.

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In this paper, a novel method to realize LC Voltage-Controlled-Oscillator (LC-VCO) operating at 76.2–76.7[Formula: see text]GHz frequency band for microwave RFIC component is presented. The model of cross-coupled differential LC-VCO is designed in 45[Formula: see text]nm technology using Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process for Frequency Modulated Carrier Wave (FMCW) automotive radar sensors and RF transceivers application. The impact of VDD, control voltage and temperature variation on frequency shift, phase noise, and output power has been analyzed to optimize the trade-off between frequency, phase noise, and power requirement. The results depict that LC-VCO dissipates 10.45[Formula: see text]mW power at an operating voltage of 1.5[Formula: see text]V. The phase noise has been observed to be [Formula: see text]90[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz at 1[Formula: see text]MHz offset at 76[Formula: see text]GHz carrier frequency. The estimated layout area of IC is [Formula: see text]m2. The result shows the edge of the design over existing techniques.

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26

Papatsoris, A. D. "Implication of super-large drops in millimetre-wave radar observations of water clouds." Electronics Letters 30, no. 21 (October 13, 1994): 1799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19941183.

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27

Ullmann, Ingrid, Julian Adametz, Daniel Oppelt, Andreas Benedikter, and Martin Vossiek. "Non-destructive testing of arbitrarily shaped refractive objects with millimetre-wave synthetic aperture radar imaging." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-309-2018.

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Abstract. Millimetre-wave (mmW) imaging is an emerging technique for non-destructive testing. Since many polymers are transparent in this frequency range, mmW imaging is an attractive means in the testing of polymer devices, and images of relatively high resolution are possible. This contribution presents an algorithm for the precise imaging of arbitrarily shaped dielectric objects. The reconstruction algorithm is capable of automatically detecting the object's contour, followed by a material-sensitive reconstruction of the object's interior. As an example we examined a polyethylene device with simulated material defects, which could be depicted precisely.

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Nguyen, Hong Nhung, Seongwook Lee, Tien‐Tung Nguyen, and Yong‐Hwa Kim. "One‐shot learning‐based driver's head movement identification using a millimetre‐wave radar sensor." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 16, no. 5 (January 7, 2022): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/rsn2.12223.

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29

Wang, Bo, Liang Guo, Hao Zhang, and Yong-Xin Guo. "A Millimetre-Wave Radar-Based Fall Detection Method Using Line Kernel Convolutional Neural Network." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 22 (November 15, 2020): 13364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.3006918.

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30

Feng, Mingchi, Yunkun Chen, Taixiong Zheng, Ming Cen, and Hong Xiao. "Research on Information Fusion Method of Millimetre Wave Radar and Monocular Camera for Intelligent Vehicle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1314 (October 2019): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1314/1/012059.

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31

Zheng, Yu, Chen Yao, and Guoqiang Zhao. "An Improved Method for Antenna and Probe Alignment in Auto-calibration of Millimeter-Wave Digital Monopulse Radar." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2290, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2290/1/012056.

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Abstract Calibration is an effective method for improving digital monopulse radar tracking performance since it can eliminate the amplitude-phase imbalance between channels. Fast and accurate alignment between the antenna under test and the probe is an important part of the calibration. however, the narrow beam and high gain of a millimetre-wave band antenna pose a challenge to the alignment. To tackle this problem, we propose an improved alignment method based on the gradient feature of the radar radiation pattern. The method incorporates adaptive moment estimation to resist noise in the iteration process of the alignment. The high-accuracy alignment of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment. The root mean squared error of the alignment of the proposed method is 0.0046 degree in the absence of noise. At the SNR of 30 dB, the root mean squared error of the alignment is 0.008 degree. The proposed method improves the calibration efficiency and thus has a broad application prospect.

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32

Fonseca, Nelson J. G. "The Water Drop Lens: Revisiting the Past to Shape the Future." Reviews of Electromagnetics 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53792/roe/2022.1/21008.

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This vision paper provides a brief overview on recent developments related to a new solution of quasi-optical beamformer, referred to as the water drop lens. This parallel plate waveguide beamformer, which is a revisited geodesic lens with a shaped profile, is attracting attention for applications in the millimetre-wave range, where more conventional dielectric lenses prove to be too lossy and standard geodesic lenses are still too bulky. On-going investigations include satellite and terrestrial communication systems, radar systems and imaging systems with wideband operation at centre frequencies ranging from about 20 GHz to over 120 GHz.

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33

Naud, C. M., J. P. Muller, E. E. Clothiaux, B. A. Baum, and W. P. Menzel. "Intercomparison of multiple years of MODIS, MISR and radar cloud-top heights." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 7 (October 14, 2005): 2415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2415-2005.

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Abstract. Radar cloud-top heights were retrieved at both the Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research, UK (CFARR) and the ARM Southern Great Plain site, USA (SGP), using millimetre wave cloud radars and identical algorithms. The resulting cloud-top heights were used for comparison with MODIS and MISR retrieved cloud-top heights, from March 2000 to October 2003. Both imaging instruments reside on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra platform launched in 1999. MODIS and MISR cloud-top products were from the recent collections (4 and 3, respectively) that cover the entire mission. The cloud characteristics are different at each ground site, with clouds generally residing at higher altitudes at SGP, but with a greater occurrence of broken or multilayered clouds at CFARR. A method is presented to automatically eliminate scenes where clouds are of a broken nature, since it is difficult in these conditions to ensure that ground-based and satellite measurements refer to the same cloud deck. The intercomparison between MODIS and radar cloud-top heights reveals that MODIS cloud-top heights agree with radar within about 1km for mid- and high-level clouds. However, this accuracy is degraded to nearly 3 km for low-level clouds. MISR cloud-top heights are found to agree with radar cloud-top heights to within 0.6 km, which is in line with theoretical expectations. In single-level cloud situations MODIS and MISR cloud-top heights tend to agree within 1 km. This comparison also reveals that the loss of radar sensitivity during 2001 resulted in the CFARR instrument being less accurate for high-level cloud-top height measurements. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (Instruments and techniques)

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Sharma, Rahul, Okan Yurduseven, Bhabesh Deka, and Vincent Fusco. "HARDWARE ENABLED ACCELERATION OF NEAR-FIELD CODED APERTURE RADAR PHYSICAL MODEL FOR MILLIMETRE-WAVE COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING." Progress In Electromagnetics Research B 90 (2021): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierb20112305.

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Sharma, Rahul, Okan Yurduseven, Bhabesh Deka, and Vincent Fusco. "HARDWARE ENABLED ACCELERATION OF NEAR-FIELD CODED APERTURE RADAR PHYSICAL MODEL FOR MILLIMETRE-WAVE COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING." Progress In Electromagnetics Research B 90 (2021): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierb20112305.

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36

Li, Lifu, Wenying Zhang, Yi Liang, and Hui Zhou. "Preceding Vehicle Detection Method Based on Information Fusion of Millimetre Wave Radar and Deep Learning Vision." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1314 (October 2019): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1314/1/012063.

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37

Qasem, Ahmad, Oliver Shay, Catherine Liao, Mark Butlin, and Alberto Avolio. "2.1 Derivation of Central Aortic Pressure Using the Radial Pulse Waveform Acquired by Millimetre-Wave Radar." Artery Research 25, Supplement 1 (2020): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/artres.k.191224.006.

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38

Yi, K., N. Ryu, H. J. Yoon, K. Huh, D. Cho, and I. Moon. "Implementation and vehicle tests of a vehicle stop-and-go cruise control system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440702760178479.

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Implementation and vehicle tests of a vehicle longitudinal control algorithm for stop-and-go cruise control have been performed. The vehicle longitudinal control scheme consists of a set-speed control algorithm, a speed control algorithm, and a distance control algorithm. A desired acceleration for the vehicle for the control of vehicle-to-vehicle relative speed and clearance has been designed using linear quadratic optimal control theory. Performance of the control algorithm has been investigated via vehicle tests. Vehicle tests have been conducted using two test vehicles. A 2000 cm3 passenger car equipped with a radar distance sensor, throttle/brake actuators and a controller has been used as a subject vehicle in the vehicle tests. A millimetre wave radar sensor has been used for distance measurement. A step motor and an electronic vacuum booster have been used for throttle/brake actuators. It has been shown that the implemented vehicle longitudinal control system can provide satisfactory performance in vehicle set-speed control and vehicle clearance control at lower speeds.

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39

Schwäbig, Christopher, Siying Wang, and Sabine Gütgemann. "Development of a millimetre wave based SAR real-time imaging system for three-dimensional non-destructive testing." tm - Technisches Messen 88, no. 7-8 (June 24, 2021): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2021-0029.

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Abstract The following article describes the development of a millimetre wave based real-time imaging system for three dimensional non-destructive testing of goods. For this purpose a rotating antenna is used which is fed from an FMCW radar. The received measuring data is processed with a SAR algorithm. Due to the fact that a reflexive measurement method is used, the integration of the system into existing systems is simplified. To make the computing power-intensive SAR image processing possible, the complete signal processing chain of the image processing is executed on the graphics card. The article elucidates the concept for calculating the measurement parameters which have to be elaborated for the implementation of the image processing of the whole system.

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40

Bertl, S., A. Dallinger, and J. Detlefsen. "Bistatic extension for coherent MMW-ISAR-Imaging of objects and humans." Advances in Radio Science 6 (May 26, 2008): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-63-2008.

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Abstract. We present a bistatic extension of a broadband monostatic FMCW Radar working in the Millimetre-Wave (MMW) region and its bistatic imaging properties used for imaging purposes. Due to the different perspective of a bistatic setup compared to a monostatic one, additional information can be obtained. A wide bandwidth of approx. 10 GHz is used for the task of high resolution imaging as it could be used for the detection of threats at a person's body in security-sensitive environments. Since MMWs propagate easily through common clothing, it is feasible to image objects like concealed weapons worn under the clothing. MMW-Imaging of humans is one possibility to enhance the capabilities of nowadays security checkpoints, e.g. at airports.

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Brooker, Graham, Mark Bishop, and Ross Hennessy. "EVOLUTION OF A SUITE OF SMART MILLIMETRE WAVE RADAR SYSTEMS FOR SITUATIONAL AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION IN MINES." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 1, no. 2 (2008): 315–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-293.

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Rodenbeck, C. T., and J. B. Beun. "Identifying the operation of a parked car's engine, transmission, and door using millimetre wave pulse Doppler radar." Electronics Letters 56, no. 18 (September 3, 2020): 959–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2020.0386.

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Bonmann, Marlene, Diana Carolina Guío-Pérez, Tomas Bryllert, David Pallarès, Martin Seemann, Filip Johnsson, and Jan Stake. "Sub-millimetre wave range-Doppler radar as a diagnostic tool for gas-solids systems - solids concentration measurements." Advanced Powder Technology 34, no. 1 (January 2023): 103894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2022.103894.

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Arab, Homa, Steven Dufour, Emilia Moldovan, Cevdet Akyel, and Serioja Tatu. "A 77-GHz Six-Port Sensor for Accurate Near-Field Displacement and Doppler Measurements." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 6, 2018): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082565.

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A continuous-wave (CW) radar sensor design based on a millimetre-wave six-port interferometer is proposed. A complete sensor prototype is conceived of, fabricated and measured at 77 GHz for short-range professional and industrial applications. This sensor is designed to measure distances and Doppler frequencies with high accuracy, at a reasonable cost. Accurate phase measurements are also performed using the six-port technology, which makes it a promising candidate for CW radar sensing applications. Advances in the performance and functionality of six-port sensors are surveyed to highlight recent progress in this area. These include improvements in design, low power consumption, high signal to noise ratio, compactness, robustness and simplicity in realization. Given the fact that they are easy to fabricate, due to the lack of active circuits and being highly accurate, it is expected that six-port sensors will significantly contribute to the development of human tracking devices and industrial sensors in the near future. The entire circuit prototype, including the transmitter, the receiver antenna, the six-port interferometer and the four power detectors have been integrated on a die. The circuit is fabricated using a hybrid integrated technology on a 127-μm ceramic substrate with a relative permittivity of εr=9.8. Calibrated tuning forks are used to assess the performance of the six-port sensor experimentally for various frequencies.

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Xu, Dongpo, Yunqing Liu, Qian Wang, Liang Wang, and Renjun Liu. "Target Detection Based on Improved Hausdorff Distance Matching Algorithm for Millimeter-Wave Radar and Video Fusion." Sensors 22, no. 12 (June 17, 2022): 4562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124562.

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The intelligent transportation system (ITS) is inseparable from people’s lives, and the development of artificial intelligence has made intelligent video surveillance systems more widely used. In practical traffic scenarios, the detection and tracking of vehicle targets is an important core aspect of intelligent surveillance systems and has become a hot topic of research today. However, in practical applications, there is a wide variety of targets and often interference factors such as occlusion, while a single sensor is unable to collect a wealth of information. In this paper, we propose an improved data matching method to fuse the video information obtained from the camera with the millimetre-wave radar information for the alignment and correlation of multi-target data in the spatial dimension, in order to address the problem of poor recognition alignment caused by mutual occlusion between vehicles and external environmental disturbances in intelligent transportation systems. The spatio-temporal alignment of the two sensors is first performed to determine the conversion relationship between the radar and pixel coordinate systems, and the calibration on the timeline is performed by Lagrangian interpolation. An improved Hausdorff distance matching algorithm is proposed for the data dimension to calculate the similarity between the data collected by the two sensors, to determine whether they are state descriptions of the same target, and to match the data with high similarity to delineate the region of interest (ROI) for target vehicle detection.

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Liu, Haiqing, Kunmin Teng, Laxmisha Rai, Yu Zhang, and Shengli Wang. "A two‐step abnormal data analysis and processing method for millimetre‐wave radar in traffic flow detection applications." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 15, no. 5 (March 15, 2021): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12052.

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Yi, K., S. Lee, and Y. D. Kwon. "An investigation of intelligent cruise control laws for passenger vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011525502.

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This paper describes intelligent cruise control (ICC) laws for passenger vehicles. ICC systems consist of a vehicle detection sensor, a controller and throttle/brake actuators. For the control of a throttle/brake system, a solenoid valve controlled electronic vacuum booster (EVB) and a step motor controlled throttle actuator have been used. A non-linear computer model for the electronic vacuum booster has been developed and the simulations were performed using a complete non-linear vehicle model. The proposed control law in this paper consists of an algorithm that generates the desired acceleration/deceleration profile in an ICC situation, a throttle/brake switching logic and a throttle/brake control algorithm. The control performance has been investigated through computer simulations and vehicle tests. The test vehicle is equipped with a millimetre wave radar distance sensor, an Intel 80C196 controller, a solenoid valve controlled EVB and a step motor controlled throttle actuator. The results indicate that the proposed throttle/brake control laws can provide satisfactory vehicle-to-vehicle distance and velocity control performance.

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Suzuki, Yoshihiro, Yosuke Sugiura, Tetsuya Shimamura, Osamu Isaji, Kazuaki Hamada, and Kazuhiko Shite. "Model-Based Vehicle Position Estimation Using Millimeter Wave Radar." International Journal of Future Computer and Communication 8, no. 3 (September 2019): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijfcc.2019.8.3.547.

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Kuzin, A. A., A. V. Miakinkov, and S. A. Shabalin. "Design Features of Antenna Arrays of Automotive Radars Based on Transmitting and Receiving Multi-Element Modules." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 24, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-3-39-48.

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Introduction. Modern vehicles are equipped with radars, which serve as the main sensors of driver assistance systems detecting objects in all weather conditions. Antenna arrays (AA) are the most common type of radar antennas. The coefficient of mutual coupling between adjacent antenna channels has a significant effect on the formed radiation pattern (RP) of an AA. This aspect is important for achieving the required values of gain and side-lobe level (SLL). This article analyses the effect of the proposed design solutions on the main parameters of an automotive radar AA, in particular, on the mutual coupling coefficient between the channels and the SLL of the DP.Aim. To develop an optimal approach to constructing an AA topology in terms of reducing the level of mutual influence of adjacent array channels and obtaining a DP with specified characteristics.Materials and methods. To achieve the required parameters of the designed AA topology, the coplanar and microstrip lines were calculated using the finite element method and shield models.Results. An electrodynamic modeling of a millimetre-wave AA was carried out. The effect of coplanar transmission lines on the RP was shown. The features of applying shielding elements in the AA structure were investigated. Antenna patterns were obtained for both an AA designed based on coplanar transmission lines and that based on the use of shields. The conducted comparative analysis determined the parameters of the substrate optimal for achieving a better level of decoupling between adjacent antenna channels. The values of AA RP obtained during modeling were presented.Conclusion. The use of coplanar transmission lines can significantly reduce the SLL of the DP in the elevation plane. When implementing the module structure of an array (using of sub-arrays), the power dividers are realized. In this case, instead of coplanar lines, it is advisable to use specific microstrip constructions covered with shielding surfaces. In this case, the formation of a given amplitude-phase distribution over aperture is possible. A comparative analysis of the AA topologies with different substrates was carried out with the purpose of achieving improved decoupling. The obtained values of the coefficient of mutual influence of adjacent array channels correspond to those of modern AA of automotive radars. The methods of reducing the parasitic radiation of transmission lines were considered. The AA RP obtained via electrodynamic modeling were presented. The use of a thin substrate with a higher dielectric constant makes it possible to improve the AA characteristics.

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Essen, Helmut, Manfred Hägelen, Alfred Wahlen, Karsten Schulz, Klaus Jäger, and Marcus Hebel. "ISAR imaging of helicopters using millimeter wave radars." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 1, no. 3 (June 2009): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078709000257.

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The capabilities of millimeter wave radars have been demonstrated for a long period of time for missile seeker applications and for automotive radars. The technological advantages of this type of radar can be adapted to security applications in air traffic management at short and medium range as well as on the ground. The application discussed in this paper focuses on inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging techniques for the derivation of high-resolution signatures of helicopters in the air and the determination of reference images using turntable measurements.

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