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Lapointe, Geneveieve. "From the mill to the hill : race, gender, and nation in the making of a French-Canadian community in Maillardville, BC, 1909-1939." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31735.
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This study looks at the making of a French-Canadian community in Maillardville, British Columbia, between 1909 and 1939. Drawing on oral history transcripts, as well as textual and visual documents, From the Mill to the Hill explores how complicated and contested relations of race, class, gender, and sexuality intertwined to constitute a French-Canadian identity and community in Maillardville prior to the Second World War. Using critical discourse analysis as methodology, this study examines the narratives of 23 men and women who were interviewed in the early 1970s and lived in Maillardville in the period preceding that war. Newspaper articles, city council minutes, company records, church records, as well as historical photographs culled from various archives and a local museum, also serve as primary documents. From the Mill to the Hill argues that a French-Canadian identity and community was constructed in Maillardville between 1909 and 1939 through the racialization of bodies and spaces. Narratives about the myth of the frontier, the opposite "other," and the racialization of the space in and around the company town of Fraser Mills illustrate how identity construction operated within a gendered and racialized framework. Secondly, this study excavates the fragile "whiteness" of French Canadians as both colonizers and colonized in British Columbia. Even though these French Canadians were de facto Canadian citizens - thus entitled to purchase land, and (for the men) vote in elections - they were also working-class, poor, Roman Catholic, and French-speaking - all attributes that made them inferior in the eyes of English-speaking Canadians of Protestant British descent. Finally, this thesis explores the moral regulation of gender roles, heteronormativity, and wedding ceremonies. Looking specifically at the institutional power of the Roman Catholic religion and education, this research shows how the French Canadians' fragile whiteness was also fractured along axes of gender and sexual inequalities.Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate
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Blakeson, Magdalene. "Predictors of in-race illness in dogsled drivers during the 1000-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39438.
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Von, Kallon Daramy Vandi. "Circulation rate modelling of tumbling mill charge using positron emission particle tracking (PEPT)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5384.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This research is focused on developing theoretical understandings of charge circulation trends as observed in tumbling mills at different operating conditions. Of particular interest is the underlying assumptions being made by many mill models that a particle imparts energy for potential breakage only once per revolution of the mill to the charge body – that is, that the circulation rate of mill charge can be assumed to be constant irrespective of the speed at which the mill is run. The trajectory data used in this thesis is derived from positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) experiments conducted at the University of Birmingham positron imaging centre and further experiments were conducted at the iThemba LABS in Cape Town. The experimental approach is highly suited to allow the effective examination of the assumption that the grinding charge in these mills circulates at a constant rate of unity.
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Blankenship, Steve Ray. "Reconfiguring Memories of Honor: William Raoul's Manipulation of Masculinities in the New South, 1872-1918." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/3.
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This dissertation examines how honor was fashioned in the New South by examining the masculine roles performed by William Greene Raoul, Jr. Raoul wrote his autobiography in the mid-1930s and in it he reflected on his life on the New South's frontier at the turn of the century as change came to the region in all aspects of life: politically, economically, socially, sexually, and racially. Raoul was an elite son of the New South whose memoirs, "The Proletarian Aristocrat," reveals a man of multiple masculinities, each with particular ways of retrieving his past(s). The paradox of his title suggests the parallel organization of Raoul's recollections. The "aristocrat" framed the events of a lifetime through a lens of honor, sustained by southern gentlemen who restrained masculine impulses on the one hand and avoided dependency on the other. Raoul the "proletarian" cast honor through an ideological retrospective whereby traumatic memories of disappointment and failure were re-fashioned through a distinctly politicized view constructed rather than recalled. Raoul's business failures led him to re-conceptualize masculine honor as a quality possessed more by the emerging working class than the rising commercial class. Memory operates in this project as more than mere methodology as assumptions about access to the past through memory are subordinated to an examination of the meaning of the memories rehearsed by Raoul. Raoul wrote his autobiography at a bittersweet moment in his life. While his personal fortune had been nearly wiped out by the stock market crash of October 1929, he clearly looked back on his career in the New South as a committed radical with delight as the Great Depression called into question the legitimacy of the capitalist system that he had long held responsible for his own professional failures in a variety of endeavors, from the cotton-mill industry to box-car building and from saw manufacturing to a practicing accountant. Raoul converted to Socialism in part to join what he regarded as society's most progressive and virile force. It is these two voices, the proletarian and the aristocrat, that are under examination here.
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Geurten, Robert L. "Influence of heart rate monitor on performance in one mile run." < Digital Thesis and Dissertation Collection > Username and password required for access, SU only, 2003. http://www.su.edu/library.digitalthesis/geurtenrobert.pdf.
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Thaxton, Sarah Jane. "Sports-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Rate and Recovery Patterns In Collegiate Athletes." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556560836513852.
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Dincer, Tuna. "Mechanims of lactose crystallisation." Curtin University of Technology, School of Applied Chemistry, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14562.
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Lactose is the major carbohydrate in milk. The presence of lactose in whey constitutes a significant pollution problem for dairy factories. At the same time, there is an increasing market for high quality crystalline lactose. The main problem of lactose crystallisation, compared to sucrose, which is also a disaccharide, is that it is very slow, unpredictable and cannot easily be controlled. Compared to sucrose crystallisation, which has been extensively studied, lactose crystallisation lacks the fundamental research to identify the mechanisms of growth and effect of additives. An important difference from most other crystal growth systems is that ([alpha]-lactose hydrate crystals never grow from a pure environment; their growth environment always contains beta lactose. [alpha]-lactose monohydrate crystallises much more slowly because of the presence of [beta]- lactose in all solutions. Although there have been some studies on growth rates and the effect of additives, there has not been any reported work on the fundamentals of lactose crystallisation and the mechanisms that operate on the molecular level. The aim of this thesis is to gain a greater understanding at the fundamental processes, which occur at the molecular level during the crystallisation of lactose, in order to improve control at a macroscopic level.The growth rates of the dominant crystallographic faces have been measured in situ, at three temperatures and over a wide range of supersaturation. The mean growth rates of faces were proportional to the power of between 2.5-3.1 of the relative supersaturation. The rate constants and the activation energies were calculated for four faces. The [alpha]-lactose monohydrate crystals grown in aqueous solutions exhibited growth rate dispersion. Crystals of similar size displayed almost 10 fold difference in the growth rate grown under identical conditions for all the faces. Growth rate dispersion increases with increasing growth rate and supersaturation for all the faces. The variance in the GRD for the (0 10) face is twice the variance of the GRD of the (110) and (100) faces and ten times higher than the (0 11) face at different supersaturations and temperatures. The influence of [beta]-lactose on the morphology of [alpha]-lactose monohydrate crystals has been investigated by crystallising [alpha]-lactose monohydrate from supersaturated DMSO ethanol solutions. The slowness of mutarotation in DMSO allowed preparation of saturated solutions with a fixed, chosen [beta]-lactose content. It was found that [beta]-lactose significantly influences the morphology of [alpha]- lactose monohydrate crystals grown from DMSO solution. At low concentrations of [beta]-lactose, the fastest growing face is the (011) face resulting in long thin prismatic crystals. At higher [beta]-lactose concentrations, the main growth occurs in the b direction and the (020) face becomes the fastest growing face (since the (011) face is blocked by [beta]-lactose), producing pyramid and tomahawk shaped crystals.
Molecular modeling was used to calculate morphologies of lactose crystals, thereby defining the surface energies of specific faces, and to calculate the energies of interactions between these faces and [beta]-lactose molecules. It was found that as the replacement energy of [beta]-lactose increased, the likelihood of [beta]-lactose to dock onto faces decreased and therefore the growth rate increased. The attachment energy of a new layer of [alpha]-lactose monohydrate to the faces containing [beta]-lactose was calculated for the (010) and (011) faces. For the (0 10) face, the attachment energy of a new layer was found to be lower than the attachment energy onto a pure lactose surface, meaning slower growth rates when [beta]-lactose was incorporated into the surface. For the (011) face, attachment energy calculations failed to predict the slower growth rates of this face in the presence of [beta]-lactose. AFM investigation of [alpha]-lactose monohydrate crystals produced very useful information about the surface characteristics of the different faces of the [alpha]-lactose monohydrate crystal. The growth of the (010) face of the crystal occurs by the lateral addition of growth layers. Steps are 2 nm high (unit cell height in the b direction) and emanate from double spirals, which usually occurred at the centre of the face. Double spirals rotate clockwise on the (010) face, while the direction of spirals is counterclockwise on the (010) face. A polygonised double spiral, showing anisotropy in the velocity of stepswas observed at the centre of the prism-shaped a-lactose monohydrate crystals grown in the presence of 5 and 10 % [beta]-lactose.
The mean spacing of the steps parallel to the (011) face is larger than those parallel to the (100) face, indicating higher growth rates of the (011 )face. The edge free energy of the (011) face is 6.6 times larger than the (100) face in the presence of 5% [beta]-lactose. Increase of [beta]-lactose content from 5% to 10 % decreases the edge free energy of the growth unit on a step parallel to the (011) face by 10 %. Tomahawk-shaped [alpha]-lactose monohydrate crystals produced from aqueous solutions where the [beta]-lactose content of the growth solution is about 60 % have shown clockwise double spirals as the source of unit cell high steps on the (010) face of the crystal. However , the spirals are more circular than polygonised, unlike the prism shaped crystals and the mean step spacing of the (011) face is less than the steps parallel to the (110) face, indicating the growth rate reducing effect of [beta]-lactose on the (011) face. The (100) face of the [alpha]-lactose monohydrate crystal grows by step advancement in relative supersaturations of up to 3.1. Steps are 0.8 nm high and parallel to the c rection. Above this supersaturation, rectangular shaped two-dimensional nuclei, 10 nm high, were observed. The (011) face of the crystal grown at low supersaturations (s= 2.1) displayed a very rough surface with no steps, covered by 4-10nm high and 100-200[micro]m wide formations. Triangular shaped macrosteps were observed when the crystal was grown in solutions with s=3.1. In situ AFM investigation of the (010) face (T = 20[degree]C and s = 1.18) has shown that growth occurs by lateral addition of growth units into steps emanated by double spirals.
The growth rate of the (010) face from in situ AFM growth experiments was calculated to be 1.25 gm/min. The growth rate of crystals grown in the in situ optical growth cell under identical conditions was 0.69 pm/min. The difference in growth rates can be attributed to the size difference of seed c stals used. The (010) face of a [alpha]-lactosemonohydrate crystal grown at 22.4 C and s=1.31 displayed triangular-shaped growth fronts parallel to the (011) face. The steps parallel to the (O11) face grow in a triangular shape, and spaces between triangles are filled by growth units until the end of the macrosteps is reached. No such formations were observed on steps parallel to the (110) face. Formation of macrosteps, 4-6 nm high, emanating from another spiral present on the surface was also observed on the (010) face of a crystal grown under these conditions.
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Niedbala, Malgorzata. "A comparison of pulsed dose rate to low dose rate irradiation with/without mild hyperthermia using three human cell lines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq36945.pdf.
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Spencer, Robert Michael. "Rhythmic motor system control by projection neuron activity pattern and rate." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1461269867.
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Sanders, Stephanie L. "A Fly in Milk: The Urban Black Experience at a Rural White Institution." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1336652754.
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Ottman, Michael, and Mary Olsen. "Growing Grain Sorghum in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147023.
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Arab, Tala Mustapha. "The effect of supplementary light on the behaviour and performance of cattle." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245311.
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Hall, Suzanne. "A mile of mixed blessings : an ethnography of boundaries and belonging on a South London street." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/186/.
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This thesis is an ethnography of how individuals experience urban change and difference on a south London street. My research focuses on the contemporary increase in cultural and ethnic diversity in London, and I explore what this means for social life and shared space on the Walworth Road. The purpose is to observe and interpret the forms of contact and distance people develop in living with difference in their everyday lives. I use a mixture of official, archival and ethnographic data to contrast how individuals transgress or re-inscribe social and spatial boundaries, and how systems of power authorise boundaries between people and places. I also combine ethnographic and visual methods to analyse and illustrate the layers of place, time and experience that are invoked by narratives of change on the Walworth Road. Although my thesis connects the global and local impacts of change, I select the small independent shops along the Walworth Road as the base of my exploration. Within a selection of shop interiors, I explore forms of social contact that are locally constituted through regular, face-to-face interaction, and through shared spaces and practices that engage people across diverse spectrums. I analyse the relationships between proprietors and customers: between workspaces and work skills and social spaces and social skills. Through this empirical process, I emphasise the social and political significance of ordinary spaces and informal memberships that emerge out of everyday contact in neither overtly public, nor overtly private space. This thesis has been edited into a book form to be released by Routledge in May 2012, the title of which is ‘City, Street and Citizen: The measure of the ordinary’.
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Faeth, Arleen Marie Griesemer. "A study of the association of the Iowa hotel and motel tax with the general property tax mill rate for Iowa communities." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Park, Junhyeok, and Junhyeok Park. "Estimation of Rock Comminution Characteristics by Using Drill Penetration Rates." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621838.
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The characterization of rock properties is a vital task in the challenge for hard rock mining operation. A simplified and straightforward characterization of rock properties provides information about the safety of ground structure (e.g. slope, tunnel, etc.), and the strategy to improve productivity in terms of rock breakage process. The penetration-rate of drilling has been proposed to quantify the comminution characteristics of rock by virtue of real-time logging of drilling performance otherwise the data is obtained from a time- and cost-consuming laboratory test; this is called measurement while drilling. In the mining industry, this technique can be a useful tool that has allowed for the meticulous and routine data collection of geological information from blasthole drilling operations. In this study, the mechanical performance of drill and its interaction with the rock properties is investigated in laboratory scale. The rock properties include tensile strength, hardness, and grindability, which is considered as the influential parameters of the required energy consumption for the comminution processes. For sandstone samples, the penetration-rate data shows a good correlation with tensile strength, hardness, and Bond work index; this implies that penetration-rate data can be a good indicator to estimate comminution characteristics. Additionally we carried out the same test with limestone samples. Second, field study is conducted to investigate the interaction between current blast design and rock fragmentation. Fabricating the blast design and fragmentation through the blast operation might enable to construct proper strategy to reduce the energy cost of downstream processes including crushing and grinding by using the rock characteristics measured from the blasthole drilling. The concept of this process is a part of Mine-to-Mill optimization. The thesis proposed the blueprint of Mine-to-Mill optimization, providing a guideline for further in-situ research.
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Mazumder, AKM Monayem Hossain. "Development of a Simulation Model for Fluidized Bed Mild Gasifier." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/101.
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A mild gasification method has been developed to provide an innovative clean coal technology. The objective of this study is to developed a numerical model to investigate the thermal-flow and gasification process inside a specially designed fluidized-bed mild gasifier using the commercial CFD solver ANSYS/FLUENT. Eulerain-Eulerian method is employed to calculate both the primary phase (air) and secondary phase (coal particles). The Navier-Stokes equations and seven species transport equations are solved with three heterogeneous (gas-solid), two homogeneous (gas-gas) global gasification reactions. Development of the model starts from simulating single-phase turbulent flow and heat transfer to understand the thermal-flow behavior followed by five global gasification reactions, progressively with adding one equation at a time. Finally, the particles are introduced with heterogeneous reactions. The simulation model has been successfully developed. The results are reasonable but require future experimental data for verification.
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Gennaro, Peter Laurance. "The representation of African American students in programs for the mild mentally retarded." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2538.
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For more than thirty years, it has been acknowledged that African American students have been over-represented in programs designed for individuals with mild mental retardation (MMR). This project was designed to explore the history and literature of the research that has been conducted on this subject over the past three decades. Additionally, this project was undertaken to determine if over-representation of African American students in programs for the mild mentally retarded is a condition that exists in Riverside County, California.
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Daniel, Jean-Baptiste. "Dynamic prediction of milk yield and composition responses to dietary changes in dairy cows." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA009/document.
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Afin de répondre à la diversification des objectifs de la filière laitière (ex. efficacité alimentaire, santé et longévité des animaux, etc.), et ceci dans un contexte de forte volatilité des prix du lait et des intrants, la quantification des réponses multiples aux changements de régimes alimentaires représente un intérêt afin d’aider les producteurs laitiers à optimiser la ration des animaux. Le principal objectif de ce travail a consisté à développer et évaluer un modèle de prédiction des réponses de l’ingestion, de la quantité et composition du lait aux changements de régimes alimentaires chez la vache laitière. Une méta-analyse a ainsi été appliquée sur une grande base de données de la littérature afin de quantifier la réponse de l’ingestion aux régimes, et les réponses laitières (quantité totale, sécrétion des composants du lait et composition du lait) aux changements d’énergie nette (UFL) et protéines métabolisables (PDI) de la ration. Un élément clé dans le développement de ces équations de réponses était qu’elles soient applicables à travers différent potentiel laitier. Ceci a pu être atteint en exprimant les apports PDI et UFL par rapport à une situation nutritionnel pivot, qui correspond à une efficacité d’utilisation des PDI de 67% et une efficacité d’utilisation des UFL par lait de 100% (équivalente à un bilan énergétique nul). Construite à partir des efficacités PDI et UFL, une approche a été proposée pour estimer les apports PDI et UFL à la situation pivot, à partir desquels les équations de réponses peuvent s’appliquer. Evalué sur deux jeux de données indépendants, cette approche a permis de prédire les réponses de production laitière, productions de matières grasses, lactose et protéines du lait aux changements d’apports PDI et UFL avec une bonne précision pour des rations considérablement différentes, et à travers différents stades de lactation. Dans un autre modèle, les effets du stade physiologique (stade de lactation, stade de gestation, croissance) sur les performances animal, i.e. production laitière, productions de matières grasses, lactose et protéines du lait, changement de composition corporelle et ingestion, ont été quantifiés à travers des animaux de potentiel laitier différent. Il a été constaté que la structure du modèle était adéquate pour simuler les performances de différentes races laitières (Holstein, Rouge Danoise et Jersiaise). Afin de prédire les conséquences d’un changement alimentaire sur le long terme, les équations de réponses, centrées sur la situation nutritionnel pivot, ont été intégrées au sein du modèle dynamique. Cette intégration a pu se faire en appliquant le concept du pivot au modèle dynamique afin d’obtenir des courbes pivot, à partir desquelles les lois de réponses s’appliquent. Le modèle construit est le premier à intégrer les deux grands types de régulation biologique (homéostase et l’homéorhèse) chez la vaches laitière permettant de prédire les performances animales à partir d’une définition précise du potentiel laitierIn order to better cope with the increasing diversity of objective in dairy production (e.g. feed efficiency, animal health, animal longevity, etc.) in a context of high volatility of feed and milk prices, quantification of animal’s multiple responses to dietary changes is of particular interest to help dairy farmers in optimizing the diet. The main aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a model to predict the responses in dry-matter intake, milk yield, milk component yields and contents to changes in dietary composition in dairy cows. A meta-analysis of the literature was conducted to quantify dry-matter intake response to changes in diet composition, and milk responses (yield, milk component yields and milk composition) to changes in dietary net energy (NEL) and metabolizable protein (MP) in dairy cows. A key point in the development of these response equations was that they could be apply on animals of varying production potential. This was achieved by expressing MP and NEL supply relative to a pivot nutritional status, defined as the supply of MP and NEL resulting to MP efficiency of 0.67 and NEL efficiency of 1. Based on MP and NEL efficiency, an approach was proposed to estimate the pivot MP and NEL supplies, around which the response equations can be applied. Evaluated with two independent datasets, this approach predicted milk yield and milk component yields responses to change in MP and NEL supply with a good accuracy for diets that are substantially different, and across all stages of lactation. In another model, the effect of physiological status (lactation stage, gestation, growth) on animal performance, i.e. milk yield, milk component yields, body composition change and dry-matter intake, were quantified across a range of animal potential. It was found that the model structure was adequate to simulate performance of different dairy breeds (Holstein, Danish Red and Jersey). To predict the long-term consequences of a dietary change, response equations, centred on the pivot nutritional status, were integrated into the dynamic model. This integration has been possible by applying the pivot concept into the dynamic model. This way, lactation pivot curves were calculated, from which response equations are applied. The model built is the first to integrate the two major biological regulations (homeostasis and homeorhesis) in dairy cows that predicts animal performance using a precise definition of milk potential
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Albuquerque, Ãtalo AraÃjo. "Production and composition physicist-chemistry of the milk of pure and crossbred goats of the Saanen race in the state of the CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4385.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoThis work aimed to evaluate the milk production rate and the chemical and physical composition of milk of pure and crossbred Saanen goats in a confinement system raised in tropical climate and to determine the influence on milk production and composition of the genetic group, type of kidding and parturition order. To evaluate the milk production were studied a total of 46 pure and crossbred Saanen with without a defined racial pattern animals - SPRD, being 25 pure Saanen goats, 17 crossed 7/8 Saanen x SPRD and nine 15/16 Saanen x SPRD during the period of november of 2007 to october of 2008. Milk was collected twice a day for the manual method, with a total of 4,362 controls. Data of daily milk production (PDL) was analyzed by the minimum squares method and the total milk production (PTL) and lactation length (DL) was estimated by regression analysis. The PDL was 1.79 Â kg/day, with significant effect (P<0.05) of the genetic group, type of kidding and parturition order. For PTL there was not significant effect of none of the variable study. Crossbred Saanen goats were more production with increase of the degree of blood however, to achieve the degree of blood 15/16, the values of production are similar to pure Saanen goats. The goat milk production increases with the parturition order decreased after the fifth lactation. To evaluate the chemical and physical composition of milk were studied a total of 35 Saanen goats and crossbred Saanen with goats without a defined racial pattern - SPRD, being 16 pure Saanen goats, 12 crossed 7/8 Saanen x SPRD and seven 15/16 Saanen x SPRD. Milk samples were collected twice a day for the manual method, with a total of 1,208 samples. The data of milk composition was estimated by minimum squares method. The means of chemical and physical milk composition was 3.03% for protein, 2.97% for fat, 8.05% for solids non fat, 11.01% for total solids, 1.028g/cm3 for density and 15.25ÂD for acidity with significant effect (P<0.05) of all variables study. ItÂs concluded that the Saanen daily milk production observed in this study was between the average found for this breed and their crossed in Brazil. The milk composition is in accordance with what it determines by the current legislation for chemical and physical composition of goat milk in Brazil being highly variable, influenced by genetic group, type of kidding and parturition order in which the fat content and acidity show the greater variation among the goat milk components in the different genetics groups studied
Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar a produÃÃo e composiÃÃo fÃsico-quÃmica do leite de cabras puras e mestiÃas da raÃa Saanen em confinamento, criadas em regiÃo de clima tropical, e os possÃveis efeitos do grupo genÃtico, tipo de parto e ordem de parto nas caracterÃsticas avaliadas. Na avaliaÃÃo da produÃÃo de leite foram utilizadas 46 cabras da raÃa Saanen e seus mestiÃos com animais Sem PadrÃo Racial Definido (SPRD), sendo 25 animais puros por cruza, 17 cabras 7/8 Saanen x SPRD e nove cabras 15/16 Saanen x SPRD no perÃodo de novembro de 2007 a outubro de 2008. O leite foi coletado em duas ordenhas diÃrias, pelo mÃtodo manual, perfazendo um total de 4.362 controles. A produÃÃo mÃdia diÃria de leite (PDL) foi estimada pelo mÃtodo dos quadrados mÃnimos e a produÃÃo total de leite (PTL) e duraÃÃo da lactaÃÃo (DL) foram estimadas mediante anÃlise de regressÃo. A PDL geral das cabras foi de 1,79  0,67 kg/dia, havendo efeito significativo (P<0,05) do grupo genÃtico, tipo de parto e ordem de parto. Para PTL nÃo houve efeito significativo de nenhuma das variÃveis estudadas. Cabras mestiÃas Saanen produzem mais à medida que aumenta o grau de sangue sendo que, ao atingirem o grau de sangue 15/16, os valores de produÃÃo sÃo similares aos animais puros por cruza. As cabras aumentam a produÃÃo de leite à medida que se aumenta a ordem de parto decaindo apÃs a quinta lactaÃÃo. Para a avaliaÃÃo da composiÃÃo fÃsico-quÃmica do leite foram utilizadas 35 cabras da raÃa Saanen e seus mestiÃos com animais Sem PadrÃo Racial Definido - SPRD, sendo 16 animais puros por cruza, 12 cabras 7/8 Saanen x SPRD e sete cabras 15/16 Saanen x SPRD no perÃodo de dezembro de 2007 a outubro de 2008. As amostras de leite foram coletadas em duas ordenhas diÃrias pelo mÃtodo manual, perfazendo um total de 1.208 amostras. Os dados da composiÃÃo fÃsico-quÃmica foram analisados pelo mÃtodo dos quadrados mÃnimos. A composiÃÃo mÃdia do leite das cabras foi de 3,03% para proteÃna, 2,97% para gordura, 8,05% para sÃlidos nÃo gordurosos, 11,01% para sÃlidos totais, 1,028g/cm3 para densidade e 15,25ÂD para acidez havendo efeito significativo (P<0,05) de todas as variÃveis estudadas. Conclui-se que a produÃÃo mÃdia de leite diÃria observada neste estudo se apresenta dentro dos padrÃes encontrados para esta raÃa e seus mestiÃos no Brasil. A composiÃÃo fÃsico-quÃmica do leite està de acordo com o que preconiza a legislaÃÃo vigente para o leite de cabra no Brasil, sendo bastante variÃvel e influenciada pelo grupo genÃtico, tipo de parto e ordem de parto, com os teores de gordura e de acidez apresentando a maior variaÃÃo dentre os componentes do leite nos diferentes grupos genÃticos estudados
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Ferchau, Erik, Torsten Krüger, Sophia Kiesewalter, Sabine Kunzmann, Mirko Martin, Matthias Hetze, and Karsten Nürnberger. "Qualitätssicherung dezentraler Ölmühlen - Umsetzung eines Qualitätssicherungssystems bei der Produktion, Herstellung und Anwendung von Rapsölkraftstoff." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25389.
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In zwei sächsischen Betrieben, die selbst erzeugte Rapssaat in einer Pflanzenölmühle zu Rapspresskuchen und Rapsöl verarbeiten, wurde ein Qualitätssicherungssystem (QSS) für Ölsaaten verarbeitende Betriebe in Sachsen erarbeitet. Der in den beiden Betrieben erzeugte Rapsölkraftstoff zeigt eine für dezentrale Anlagen gleichbleibend hohe Qualität. Die Betriebe zeichnen sich durch ein spezielles Reinigungsverfahren und eine umfassende Qualitätssicherung aus.
Das bereits vorhandene QSS des Technologie- und Förderzentrums Straubing (TFZ) bildete die Grundlage für die Entwicklung des universell anwendbaren QSS. Es wurde um Fragen zum Anbau, Einsatz des Rapsölkraftstoffs, Umrüstung der Fahrzeuge, Wartung der Fahrzeuge inkl. BHKW und Einsatz des Presskuchens in der Tierfütterung erweitert und in den beiden Betrieben erprobt.
Das entwickelte QSS besteht aus Modulen und ist leicht an die betrieblichen Gegebenheiten vor Ort anzupassen.
Das QSS inklusive Handbuch und Kalkulationsmodul zur Berechnung der Wirtschaftlichkeit aller Stufen der Verwertungskette steht im Internet unter http://www.landwirtschaft.sachsen.de/landwirtschaft/7211.htm zur Verfügung.
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Alasmi, Mahmood Mohamed. "EFFECTS OF CHOLESTEROL SUPPLEMENTATION ON CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS RATES IN INFANTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin974741712.
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Santos, Ellen Pereira Borges. "Adjustments of lactation curves of cows crossbred of races holstein and gir." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8313.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe object of this study was to adjust the lactation curve of a cattle herd, using 415 lactations, including 19,025 controls of 206 crossbred cows of Holstein and Gir. Data from weekly milk weights used in this study are from property located in the municipality of Beberibe, in the littoral zone of Cearà State, in the period from 2006 to 2010. The adjustment was made for the average lactation curve, using six linear mathematical functions: Linear (FL), Quadratic (CF), Quadratic Logarithmic (FQL), logarithmic (FLG), hyperbolic (FH) and Cubic (FC), two intrinsically linear: Incomplete Gamma (FGI) and Exponential (FE) and five nonlinear described by Papajcsik & Bodero, 1988 (FPD); Ferrel & Jenkins, 1984 (FJF); Dhanoa et al., 1981 (FD); Borlino-Cappio et al., 1995 (FCB) and Sikka, 1950 (FS). The criteria used to assess the quality of fit for each function were the adjusted coefficient of determination (RÂa), the mean square (QMR), the Durbin-Watson and distribution chart of residue and comparison of curves and estimated observed by visual evaluation. The values of RÂa for linear models ranged from 27 to 99%, with 81% of the RÂa the estimates presented high values for the functions set, indicating that these features could be used in adjusting the lactation curve mean that flock. While models for intrinsically non-linear models FGI the estimated values of RÂa greater than 80% except for the genetic group 1/4H showing values of 39%. The QMR ranged from 0.60 to 1.518 and showed a better fit for all GG. Since the nonlinear function that best fits was Dhanoa et al., 1981 (FD) had values of RÂa to high ranging from 39 to 99% for the genetic groups. However, there was no tendency of correlation between successive residues for these functions, since 83% of DW values were higher than 2.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi ajustar a curva de lactaÃÃo de um rebanho bovino, utilizando-se 415 lactaÃÃes, referentes a 19.025 controles de 206 vacas mestiÃas das raÃas Holandesa e Gir. Os dados dos controles leiteiros semanais utilizados neste estudo sÃo provenientes da propriedade localizada no municÃpio de Beberibe, na zona litorÃnea do Estado CearÃ, no perÃodo de 2006 a 2010. O ajuste foi feito para a curva mÃdia de lactaÃÃes, utilizando-se seis funÃÃes matemÃticas lineares: Linear (FL), QuadrÃtica (FQ), QuadrÃtica LogarÃtmica (FQL), LogarÃtmica (FLG), HiperbÃlica (FH) e a CÃbica (FC); duas intrinsecamente lineares: Gama Incompleta (FGI) e a Exponencial (FE); e cinco nÃo lineares descritas por Papajcsik & Bodero, 1988 (FPD); Jenkins &Ferrel, 1984 (FJF); Dhanoa et al., 1981 (FD); Cappio-Borlino et al., 1995 (FCB)e Sikka, 1950 (FS). Os critÃrios utilizados para verificar a qualidade do ajuste para cada funÃÃo foram o coeficiente de determinaÃÃo ajustado (RÂa),o quadrado mÃdio do resÃduo (RQM), o teste de Durbin-Watson, o grÃfico de distribuiÃÃo de resÃduo e a comparaÃÃo das curvas estimada e observada por avaliaÃÃo visual. Os valores dos RÂa para os modelos lineares variaram de 27 a 99%, sendo que 81% dos RÂa estimados apresentaram valores elevados para as funÃÃes ajustadas, indicando que essas funÃÃes poderiam ser utilizadas no ajuste da curva de lactaÃÃo mÃdia desse rebanho. Dentre os modelos intrinsecamente nÃo lineares a FGI estimou valores do RÂa superiores a 80% exceto para o grupo genÃtico 1/4H que apresentou valor de 39%. O QMR variou de 0,06 a 1,51 e apresentou um melhor ajuste para todos os GG. JÃ os modelos nÃo lineares a funÃÃo que melhor se ajuste foi Dhanoa et al., 1981 (FD) apresentou valores do RÂa elevados variando de 39 a 99% para os grupos genÃticos. Entretanto, verificou-se tendÃncia negativa de correlaÃÃo entre sucessivos resÃduos para estas funÃÃes, pois 83% dos valores do DW foram superiores a 2.
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Grinnell, Jason David. "BIOLOGY, POLICY, AND THE RACIAL CONTRACT." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1144763931.
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Fougias, Nikolaos. "High speed network access to the last-mile using fixed broadband wireless." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FFougias.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management and M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Burt Lundy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100). Also available online.
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Gao, Shujun. "Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion of Mild Steel at Elevated Temperatures." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1528836064560164.
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Heller, Dennis P. Carleton University Dissertation Physics. "Radiobiological aspects of cellular recovery following high and low dose-rate irradiation with/without mild hyperthermia in a human glioma cell model." Ottawa, 1993.
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Jasmina, Gubić. "Profil proteina i sastav masnih kiselina mleka magarice balkanske rase tokom perioda laktacije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=99872&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U okviru doktorske disertacije ispitan je nutritivni kvalitet mleka magarice balkanske rase tokom laktacije. Prosečna suva materija mleka magarice balkanske rase iznosi 9,26%. Sadržaj proteina tokom laktacije kreće se od 1,40% do 1,92%. Prosečan sadržaj mlečne masti je 0,61%, a sadržaj laktoze iznosi 6,50%. Sadržaj analiziranih minerala: Ca, Na, K, Mg, P i Zn se povećava tokom laktacije i maksimalna vrednost utvrđena je 170. dana. Primenom kapilarne elektroforeze definisan je profil proteina mleka magarice balkanske rase. Identifikovane su sledeće proteinske frakcije: αs1-kazein, αs2-kazein, β-kazein (A, F), α-laktalbumin (A, C), β-laktoglobulin, lizozim, laktoferin, serum albumin i imunoglobulin čiji sadržaj opada tokom perioda laktacije. Sadržaj α-laktalbumina se kreće od 3090 mg/l do 1990 mg/l, a lizozima varira od 1040 mg/l do 2970 mg/l. Navedene frakcije proteina su najzastupljenije u mleku magarice balkanske rase. Laktoferin i imunoglobulin su frakcije sa najmanjim udelom u mleku magarice balkanske rase. Korišćenjem gasne hromatografije/masene spektrometrije utvrđen je sastav masnih kiselina mleka. Udeo esencijalne linolne kiseline (C18:2 n6) kreće se u opsegu od 7,08%, do 9,69%, a udeo α-linoleinske kiseline (C18:3 n3) varira od 5,85% do 7,83%. Sastav mleka magarice balkanske rase kompariran je sa nutritivnim karakteristikama humanog mleka tokom 40. i 90. dana laktacije. Utvrđene su značajne razlike u sadržaju proteina mleka, mlečne masti i minerala. Odnos kazeina i proteina surutke kreće se od 0,68 do 0,75 u mleku magarice, dok u humanom mleku varira od 0,59 do 0,70. Udeo -linoleinske kiseline (C18:3 n3) je oko 2,5 puta veći u mleku magarice u odnosu na humano mleko.Generalno se može zaključiti da mleko magarice balkanske rase ima specifične nutritivne karakteristike koje variraju u zavisnosti od sastava hrane za životinje i analiziranog perioda laktacije.Nutritional quality of Balkan donkey milk during lactation was investigated within this thesis. The mean content of dry matter, fat and lactose in the Balkan donkey milk was 9.26%, 0.61% and 6.50%, respectively. Protein content during lactation period ranged from 1.40% to 1.92%. Content of the analyzed minerals: Ca, Na, K, Mg, Zn and P increased during the lactation period and reached their maximum value at 170th day. The protein profile of Balkans donkey milk was defined by application of capillary electrophoresis when the following protein fractions: αs1-kazein, αs2-kazein, β-kazein (A, F), α-laktalbumin (A, C), β-laktoglobulin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, serum albumins and immunoglobulins, whose content decreases during lactation period,were identified. α-lactalbumin contents ranged from 3090 mg/l to 1990 mg/ and lysozyme varies between 1040 mg/l to 2970 mg/l. These two protein fractions were the most abundant in the Balkan donkey milk, while lactoferrin and immunoglobulin were at least represented. The fatty acid composition of Balkan donkey milk was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The share of the essential linoleic (C18: 2 n6) and α - linolenic (C18: 3 n3) acid rangred from 7.08 % to 9.69% and from 5.85 % to 7.83 %.Nutritional quality of Balkan donkey milk has been compared with the nutritional quality of human milk during the 40th and 90th day of lactation. Significant differences in the protein content of milk, fat and minerals were found. The ratio of casein and whey protein ranged from 0.68 to 0.75 in the Balkan donkey milk, while in human milk this value varies from 0.59 to 0.70. The share of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) is around 2.5 times higher in donkey than in human milk.The main conclusion is that Balkan donkey milk has specific and unique nutritional quality which depend on the feed composition and on the analyzed period of lactation.
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Kahyarian, Aria. "Mechanism and Prediction of Mild Steel Corrosion in Aqueous Solutions ContainingCarboxylic Acids, Carbon Dioxide, and Hydrogen Sulfide." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1541154736282768.
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Godinho, Claudia da Cunha. "Incidência de demência e comprometimento cognitivo leve e identificação de preditores numa amostra de base populacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/67526.
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Introdução: Com o envelhecimento da população mundial projeta-se o crescimento das taxas de doenças potencialmente relacionadas à idade como as demências, especialmente a doença de Alzheimer (DA). Os sujeitos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL) são considerados uma população de risco para desenvolver demência, no entanto, as taxas de incidência de CCL e conversão para demência apresentam considerável variabilidade em parte atribuída a características da amostra e aos diferentes critérios utilizados. Objetivos: Determinar a incidência de demência e Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve em uma coorte de idosos saudáveis de base comunitária; determinar as variáveis demográficas, clínicas e sociais associadas ao desenvolvimento de prejuízo cognitivo, e avaliar o risco de progressão dos indivíduos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve para demência comparada com sujeitos cognitivamente normais. Métodos: Os dados foram derivados de uma coorte de idosos residentes na comunidade (N = 345), inicialmente saudáveis e independentes (Estudo PALA - Porto Alegre Longitudinal Aging - study). O seguimento inicial com duração máxima de oito anos teve o objetivo de avaliar a incidência de DA e CCL. Para avaliar a progressão de CCL para DA partimos de 10 anos de seguimento, incluindo os oito anos da primeira análise e consideramos um máximo de 70 meses (média de 45 meses) para avaliar a ocorrência dos novos desfechos. Os participantes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão do estudo e consentiram em participar foram avaliados com uma detalhada entrevista clínica composta de variáveis demográficas, clínicas e sociais. Os sintomas psiquiátricos foram avaliados pela escala SRQ - Self Report Questionnaire, escala MADRS - Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale e aplicados os critérios para depressão maior do Manual de Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (4ª Edição; DSM-IV). O Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e a Escala Clínica de Demência (CDR – Clinical Dementia Rating) foram aplicados para avaliação cognitiva. Adicionalmente a independência para as atividades da vida diária foram acessadas pela escala ADL - Activities of Daily Living. Para diagnóstico dos casos incidentes de doença de Alzheimer foi utilizado os critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV e do NINCDS/ADRDA, associado à descrição dos critérios de Kawas para DA consistente. Para diagnóstico de Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve, o critério da Clínica Mayo foi aplicado para a primeira análise, e o critério para CCL do tipo Alzheimer (ou DA prodrômica) foi utilizado para a segunda análise tendo em vista a incorporação de dados disponíveis e a evolução dos critérios. As trajetórias possíveis do CCL foram classificadas em três categorias: conversão, estabilização e reconversão. Os sujeitos considerados para a primeira análise - casos incidentes de CCL e DA foram os participantes que apresentavam pelo menos uma visita de seguimento no período de oito anos a partir da linha de base (N = 245) e as análises estatísticas foram baseadas no diagnóstico estabelecido na última visita de seguimento. Para os falecidos durante o período, dados retrospectivos foram obtidos através de uma entrevista telefônica com um informante confiável. Os dados clínicos e demográficos de linha de base foram utilizados para cálculo dos fatores preditivos dos desfechos do estudo. Para a segunda análise – risco de conversão de CCL para DA – trajetórias do CCL, a amostra foi composta dos 21 indivíduos que desenvolveram CCL e 220 indivíduos cognitivamente normais (N = 241). Resultados: Os resultados da primeira análise mostraram taxa de incidência de CCL de 13,2 por 1.000 pessoas-ano e incidência de DA de 14,8 por 1.000 pessoas-ano. O desenvolvimento de prejuízo cognitivo foi associado com educação (razão de chance [RC] = 0,86) e o escore do MEEM de base (RC = 0,81). Os resultados da segunda análise mostraram que dos 21 sujeitos com CCL, 38% desenvolveram demência, 24% permaneceram estáveis e 38% melhoraram. A taxa de conversão anual para DA foi de 8,5%, CCL foi associado significativamente a maior risco de conversão para DA (HR = 49,83; p = 0,004), mesmo ajustado para idade, escolaridade, sexo e escore no MEEM. Conclusão: A incidência de DA nessa amostra foi maior do que a descrita em estudo prévio realizado no Brasil, mas está dentro da variabilidade observada internacionalmente. Escores mais baixos no Mini Exame do Estado Mental na linha de base, mesmo que dentro da normalidade, e níveis mais baixos de educação foram preditores da ocorrência de prejuízo cognitivo. Quanto à trajetória do CCL, independentemente da heterogeneidade observada, os participantes com CCL do tipo Alzheimer apresentaram risco significativamente maior de desenvolver demência na DA, demonstrando o impacto do uso destes critérios que enfatizam o comprometimento da memória episódica de longo prazo e buscam identificar sujeitos com maior probabilidade de ser portadores de patologia Alzheimer.Background: The increase of the rates of age-related diseases as dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), is projected with the aging of the world population. Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are considered a population at risk for developing dementia. However, MCI incidence rates and rates of conversion to dementia have shown considerable variability that could be partially attributed to characteristics of the sample and to different criteria. Objective: To determine the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in a cohort of community-based healthy elderly individuals; to determine the demographic, clinical and social variables associated with the development of cognitive impairment; and to assess the risk of progression of individuals with mild cognitive impairment to dementia compared with cognitively normal subjects. Methods: Data were derived from a cohort of elderly community residents (N = 345), who were initially healthy and independent (PALA – Porto Alegre Longitudinal Aging – study). The follow-up of a maximum of eight years was used to evaluate the incidence of AD and MCI. To evaluate the progression of MCI to dementia due to AD we set off the 10-year follow-up, including the previous 8-year of the first analysis, and consider the maximum of 70 months (mean 45 months) for these new outcomes. Participants who met the inclusion criteria of the study and consented to participate were evaluated with a detailed clinical interview consisted of demographic, clinical and social variables. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the SRQ scale (Self Report Questionnaire), the MADRS (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition, DSM-IV) criteria for Major Depression. Cognitive assessment was checked with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Independence for the activities of daily living was assessed with the ADL scale (Activities of Daily Living). Incident cases of probable Alzheimer's disease were assigned through the DSM-IV and the NINCDS-ADRDA diagnostic criteria, with the additional designation from Kawas and colleagues of consistent AD. Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment for the first analysis was carried out with the MCI Mayo Clinic criteria. The MCI of the Alzheimer type criteria (or Prodromal AD) were used for the second analysis, incorporating available data of the sample and the ongoing evolution of the criteria. The possible MCI trajectories were classified into three categories: conversion, stabilization, and reconversion. The subjects for the first analysis – MCI and AD incidence – were the participants who had at least one follow-up visit in the 8-year period from the baseline (N = 245), and the statistical analyzes were based on the diagnosis established in last follow-up interview. For the deceased during the period, retrospective data were obtained through a telephone interview with a knowledgeable collateral source focusing on dementia. The baseline clinical and demographic data were analyzed as predictors of the study outcomes. For the second analysis – risk of MCI progression to AD, and MCI trajectories – the sample was composed of 21 individuals who developed MCI and 220 cognitively normal subjects (N = 241). Results: The results of the first analysis showed the MCI incidence rate of 13.2 per 1,000 person-years and the AD incidence of 14.8 per 1,000 person-years. The development of cognitive impairment was associated with education (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86) and baseline MMSE scores (OR = 0.81). The results of second analysis showed that of the 21 MCI subjects, 38% developed dementia, 24% remained stable, and 38% improved. The annual AD conversion rate was 8.5%, and MCI was significantly associated with increased risk of progression to AD (HR = 49.83; p = 0.004), even adjusted for age, education, gender and MMSE scores. Conclusion: The AD incidence in this sample was higher than that described in a previous study carried out in Brazil, but was within the international estimates. Lower baseline scores on the Mini Mental State Examination, although within the normal range, and lower levels of education were predictors of cognitive impairment. Regardless the observed heterogeneity of the MCI trajectories, participants with MCI of the Alzheimer type showed significantly higher risk of developing dementia due to AD, demonstrating the impact of the emphasis on the episodic long-term memory impairment of the criteria, which finally searches to identify those individuals more likely to have Alzheimer's pathology.
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Joshi, Alhad A. "Development of an integrated package for the analysis of hot and cold rolling of strips and sheets." Ohio : Ohio University, 1989. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1187038990.
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Vondrák, Pavel. "Návrh obráběcího stroje typu desková horizontální vyvrtávačka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229656.
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This master's thesis describes a design of horizontal boring mills. The first part is dedicated to description of the various types of these machines and their accessories. There are also described drives and linear guideways. There is a list of plate horizontal boring mills of Czech and foreign producers. The second part of this thesis deals with designing of comlete machine's bed and its slides (X-axis). Casting of the bed and its slides are designed for universal machining to the use of rolling or hydrostatic guideways. The drive of X-axis is also designed and it works in master/slave mode. The final result of this master's thesis is a 3D model of the machine in two variants, with hydrostatic and rolling quideways. Machining drawings of the bed for both variants are attached to this thesis.
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Soriano, Felix Diego. "Grazing and Feeding Management of Lactating Dairy Cows." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36896.
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Two studies were conducted during the grazing season of 1997. Study 1 consisted of three Experiments, and the objectives were to compare milk production and composition, body weight change and body condition score, and to determine time patterns of grazing between cows supplemented with different forms and amounts of corn. Also rumen fermentation parameters were measured in cows supplemented with two different types of corn. In study 2, milk yield was measured when grazing pasture was supplemented to lactating Holstein cows fed a typical TMR diet. Predominantly orchardgrass pastures with lesser amounts of white clover and Kentucky bluegrass were grazed during both studies. In Experiment 1, 36 Holstein cows were supplemented either with 6, 6, 6, or 4 kg/d DM of high moisture corn, coarsely ground corn, finely ground corn, or high moisture corn in two equal feedings, respectively. Milk yield was similar (30.3 kg/d) among treatments. Milk protein (2.97%) and MUN (14.7 mg/dl) did not differ among treatments. Body weight change and body condition score change were similar among treatments (23.1 kg and -0.24). During Experiment 2, four rumen-cannulated cows in mid-lactation were supplemented 6 kg/d DM of either coarsely ground corn or high moisture corn in two equal feedings. After the p.m. milking, ruminal pH was measured and rumen fluid samples were collected to determine ammonia N and VFA. While grazing, this was repeated at 0.5, 1, 2, 3,...8 h post-corn feeding (0 h). Ruminal pH was similar for both corn supplements and was lowest (5.9 and 5.8) at 5 and 8 h, respectively. Rumen ammonia N concentrations started to increase approximately 2 h after cows began grazing, reaching maximum levels 5 h later. In Experiment 3, the number of cows grazing, lying, or standing were recorded every half hour, for two consecutive days, while grazing. Cows grazed an average of 6.4 h/d, 4.1 h in the afternoon and 2.3 h in the morning. Similarity in milk production, milk composition, BW change, and BCS between treatments indicates that the quality and availability of pasture permitted equal response regardless of the type or amount of corn supplemented. Fifty four Holstein cows in mid lactation were used in Study 2. Cows were fed either a TMR diet only, or were fed TMR during half of the day (after the a.m. or p.m. milking according to the treatment) and supplemented with grazing pasture during the other half of the day. Milk production was slightly but significantly higher for cows on the TMR treatment (29.1 vs. 28.2 and 27.6). No significant difference between treatments was observed in FCM (27.7 kg/d), and milk fat (3.47) and protein percentage (3.23). While BW change did not differ among treatments (25.7 kg), body condition score increased more in cows fed only a TMR diet (0.14 vs. -0.06 and 0.01). The TMR intake was significantly different between treatments, being highest for cows on the TMR treatment and lowest for cows grazing after the p.m. milking (26.6 vs. 20.3 vs. 17.5 kg/d DM). Income over feed cost differed between treatments, and was approximately 15.3% higher for cows supplemented with high quality pasture during the afternoon compared to cows on TMR. Dairy farmers may obtain economical benefits by practicing this type of management during the grazing season with little effect on milk yield.Master of Science
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Tehrani, Najafian Foad [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Nugent, Werner [Gutachter] Nau, and Stephen [Gutachter] Connon. "From Cucurbiturils to Amino Acids: Taking Advantage of Mild Catalysis for Reaction Rate Acceleration and Pharmaceutical Drug Syntheses / Foad Tehrani Najafian ; Gutachter: Thomas Nugent, Werner Nau, Stephen Connon ; Betreuer: Thomas Nugent." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1139892509/34.
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Keller, Sven [Verfasser]. "Fat Supplementation and Varying Rate and Extent of Fermentation in Rations for Dairy Cows : Effects on Milk Production, Rumen Fermentation and Energy Partitioning with Particular Consideration of Methane Production / Sven Keller." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1179040139/34.
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Sousa, Thiago Andrade de. "Elementos terras raras como indicadores do aporte e proveniência sedimentar nos últimos 45 mil anos, Bacia e Santos - Brasil." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3269.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências- Geoquímica Ambiental. Niterói, RJ
Os sedimentos continentais depositados no fundo oceânico estão condicionados, majoritariamente, a evolução do clima, ao substrato geológico e ao tipo de transporte, sendo o transporte fluvial o de maior magnitude. Uma vez depositado, os sedimentos tornam-se registros do passado e carregam informações sob a forma de assinatura geoquímica. Os Elementos Terras Raras (ETR) apresentam um comportamento coerente ao longo de uma coluna sedimentar tornando-os útil nos estudos de proveniência sedimentar. Razões entre elementos maiores (Fe/Ca, por exemplo) são descritos na literatura como indicadores de reconstrução do aporto terrígeno. A geoquímica dos ETR e elementos maiores são determinados neste trabalho para o entendimento da dinâmica paleoclimática sobre o aporte e proveniência dos sedimentos da margem leste (Bacia de Santos) do Brasil, e as anomalias do Ce e Eu, confrontando técnicas analíticas distintas (ICP-MS e XRF core scanner) nos principais eventos abruptos (Younger Dryas e Heinrich events) ao longo dos últimos 45.000 anos. Igualmente é discutido a proveniência do material sedimentar por meio de razões entre Elementos Terras Raras leve (ETRL) e Elementos Terras Raras pesado (ETRP) comparando possíveis fontes disponíveis na literatura. O padrão de distribuição indica enriquecimento em ETRM sobre ETRL e ETRP em todos os eventos. Isso significa que a proveniência deste material, provavelmente, deve-se a uma única fonte. As concentrações dos ETRL são sempre maiores que ETRM e ETRP. Esse padrão é outro indicativo de fonte única do material sedimentar. O somatório das concentrações dos ETR durante o MIS 2 é sempre maior do que o MIS 1. O comportamento dos ETR durante os eventos Heinrich são bem similares. A média das concentrações dos ETR nestes eventos são superiores aos encontrados no MIS 1 – Interglacial. As análises das razões Fe/Ca e Ti/Ca pelas duas técnicas mostram-se coerentes e indicam maiores durante o MIS 2. Isto é devido ao aumento de chuvas na região (intensificação do SMAS), nível do mar regressivo (plataforma continental exposta) e por efeitos de diluição do carbonato marinho estimulada pela entrada de matéria orgânica. As razões Al/Si e Fe/K apresentam sinais distintos ao longo do testemunho deste estudo. O aumento de Si durante o MIS 2, em relação aos outros períodos, indica que o glacial foi menos úmido que o interglacial. O aumento de K dentro dos eventos Heinrich indica mudança no padrão de intemperismo continental devido aos episódios de chuvas e aumento no intemperismo químico nas bacias de drenagens. A anomalia do Ce é negativa em todos os períodos e indica condições oxidantes no ambiente deposicional ou oriundas de uma porção detrítica continental. A anomalia do Eu é ligeiramente positiva para todos os períodos. Isto é um indicativo de assimilação ou acúmulo de feldspato. Dados de cinco possíveis fontes para a proveniência do material foram extraídos da literatura. Os sedimentos de Cabo Frio apresentam fracionamento entre ETRL e ETRP próximos aos dados deste estudo. Entretanto, para a razão (Eu/Sm) observa-se boa correlação com fontes vindas da Patagônia e do Rio da Prata. Alguns autores apontam a pluma do Rio da Prata na contribuição sedimentar na região da Bacia de Santos.
The continental sediments deposited in the ocean floor are conditioned, mainly, to the evolution of the climate, the geological substrate and the type of transport, being the fluvial transport of the greater magnitude. Once deposited, the sediments become records of the past and carry information in a form of geochemical signature. Rare Earth Elements (REE) present a coercive behavior along a sedimentary column making them useful for studies of sedimentary origin. Ratios for larger elements (Fe/Ca, for example) are indicators of the reconstruction of the terrigenous port. The geochemistry of the ETR and major elements are determined in this work to understand the paleoclimatic dynamics on the contribution and provenance of the sediments of the eastern margin (Santos Basin) of Brazil, and the anomalies of the Ce and Eu, confronting different analytical techniques (ICP- MS and XRF core scanner) in the main abrupt events (Younger Dryas and Heinrich events) over the last 45,000 years. The origin of the sedimentary material is also discussed by means of ratios between Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) and Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE) comparing possible sources available in the literature. The distribution pattern indicates MREE enrichment over LREE and HREE in all events. This means that the origin of this material, probably, is related to a single source. LREE concentrations are always higher than MREE and HREE. This pattern is another indicative of a single source of sedimentary material. The sum of REE concentrations during MIS 2 is always greater than MIS 1. The behavior of REE during Heinrich events is very similar. The mean REE concentrations in these events are higher than those found in MIS 1 - Interglacial. The analyses of Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca ratios are stronger than those observed during the investigation period (MIS) due to the regressive margin level (continental shelf exposed), and the effects of dilution of the marine carbonate stimulated by imput of organic matter. The Al/Si and Fe/K ratios show distinct signals over time during this study. The increase of Si during MIS 2, in relation to the other periods, indicates that the glacial was less humid than the interglacial. The increase of K within the Heinrich events indicates a change in the continental weather pattern due to rainfall episodes and increase in chemical weathering in the drainage basins. The Ce anomaly is negative at all periods and indicates oxidizing conditions in the depositional environment or from a continental detrital portion. The Eu anomaly is slightly positive for all periods. This is an indicative of assimilation or accumulation of feldspar. Data from five possible sources for a sample of the material was extracted from the literature. The Cabo Frio sediments show the fractionation between LREE and HREE. However, for a (Eu / Sm) ratio a good correlation is observed with sources coming from Patagonia and Rio de la Plata. Some authors point out a region of the River Plate and a sedimentary region in the region of the Santos Basin.
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Li, Zhiyi. "Sub-grid models for Large Eddy Simulation of non-conventional combustion regimes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/286444/5/contratZL.pdf.
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Novel combustion technologies ensuring low emissions, high efficiency and fuel flexibility are essential to meet the future challenges associated to air pollution, climate change and energy source shortage, as well as to cope with the increasingly stricter environmental regulation. Among them, Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion has recently drawn increasing attention. MILD combustion is achieved through the recirculation of flue gases within the reaction region, with the effect of diluting the reactant streams. As a result, the reactivity of the system is reduced, a more uniform reaction zone is obtained, thus leading to decreased NOx and soot emissions. As a consequence of the dilution and enhanced mixing, the ratio between the mixing and chemical time scale is strongly reduced in MILD combustion, indicating the existence of very strong interactions between chemistry and fluid dynamics. In such a context, the use of combustion models that can accurately account for turbulent mixing and detailed chemical kinetics becomes mandatory.Combustion models for conventional flames usually rely on the assumption of time-scale separation (i.e. flamelets and related models), which constrain the thermochemical space accessible in the numerical simulation. Whilst the use of transported PDF methods appears still computationally prohibitive, especially for practical combustion systems, there are a number of closures showing promise for the inclusion of detailed kinetic mechanisms with affordable computational cost. They include the Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) approach and the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model.In order to assess these models under non-conventional MILD combustion conditions, several prototype burners were selected. They include the Adelaide and Delft jet-in-hot coflow (JHC) burners, and the Cabra lifted flames in vitiated coflow. Both Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were carried out on these burners under various operating conditions and with different fuels. The results indicate the need to explicitly account for both the mixing and chemical time scales in the combustion model formulation. The generalised models developed currently show excellent predictive capabilities when compared with the available, high-fidelity experimental data, especially in their LES formulations. The advanced approaches for the evaluation of the mixing and chemical time scale were compared to several conventional estimation methods, showing their superior performances and wider range of applications. Moreover, the PaSR approach was compared with the steady Flamelet Progress Variable (FPV) model on predicting the lifted Cabra flame, proving that the unsteady behaviours associated to flame extinction and re-ignition should be appropriately considered for such kind of flame.Because of the distributed reaction area, the reacting structures in MILD combustion can be potentially resolved on a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) grid. To investigate that, a comparative study benchmarking the LES predictions for the JHC burner obtained with the PaSR closure and two implicit combustion models was carried out, with the implicit models having filtered source terms coming directly from the Arrhenius expression. Theresults showed that the implicit models are very similar with the conventional PaSR model on predicting the flame properties, for what concerns the mean and root-mean-square of the temperature and species mass fraction fields.To alleviate the cost associated to the use of large kinetic mechanisms, chemistry reduction and tabulation methods to dynamically reduce their size were tested and benchmarked, allowing to allocate the computational resources only where needed. Finally, advanced post-processing tools based on the theory of Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) were employed to improve the current understanding of flame-turbulence interactions under MILD conditions, confirming the important role of both autoignition and self propagation in these flames.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Silveira, Magali Floriano da. "SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM SAIS DE CÁLCIO DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS PARA VACAS DE CORTE MANTIDAS EM PASTAGEM NATURAL DURANTE O PERÍODO PRÉ E/OU PÓS-PARTO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4318.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether supplementation with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) during to pre and/our postpartum affects production and composition of milk, metabolites blood, productive and reproductive performance from beef cows of different genetic groups maintained on native pasture, and performance of this calves. Were used 86 of crossbred Charolais Nellore cows, distributed into the following supplement treatments: PRE: supplemented with CSFA during 45 days prepartum; PREPOS: supplemented with CSFA during 45 days prepartum and 63 days postpartum; POS: supplemented with CSFA during 63 days postpartum; PN: without supplementation. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, the model included cow age and birth order as covariates and the effects of supplementation, cow genetic group, period and the interactions among these factors. There was no significant interaction between the factors evaluated. Cows supplemented with fat protected in the prepartum and/or postpartum showed milk production and productions of components of the milk similar. Crossbreed Nellore cows showed milk with higher lactose content. The supplementation with calcium salts of fatty acids during the pre and/or postpartum non affect the metabolites blood from beef cows. The cholesterol content increase and triglycerides and urea decreased linearly until the end of the experiment. The supplementation with by-pass fat non affect the performance of the calves. Adults cows produced calves with superior performance to produced by first calf and young cows until the 7 months of age. Crossbreeds Nellore cows produced calves with average weight daily gain (GMD) superior from 21 to 42 days of age in relation to crossbreed Charolais cows. The supplementation with fat protected in pre and/or postpartum non affect the productive and reproductive performance from cows. The supplementation great the calving interval. Crossbreed Charolais cows showed higher weight and GMD in relation to croosbreed Nellore cows.
O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar se a suplementação com sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos (SCAG) durante o período pré e/ou pós-parto afeta a produção, a composição do leite, os metabólitos sanguíneos, desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas de corte de diferentes grupos genéticos mantidas em pastagem natural, assim como o desempenho de seus bezerros. Foram utilizados 86 pares de vacas e bezerros, cruzas Charolês - Nelores distribuídas nos seguintes tratamentos alimentares: PRÉ: suplementação com SCAG durante 45 dias antes do parto; PREPOS: suplementação com SCAG durante 45 dias antes do parto e 63 dias pósparto; POS: suplementação com SCAG durante 63 dias pós-parto; PN: sem suplementação. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, quando o modelo estatístico incluiu idade e ordem de parição como co-variáveis e os efeitos da suplementação, grupo genético, período e suas interações. Não houve interação significativa entre os efeitos estudados. Vacas suplementadas com gordura protegida no pré e/ou pós-parto foram similares as vacas não suplementadas quanto à produção de leite e as produções dos componentes do leite. Vacas com predominância de sangue Nelore apresentaram leite com maior teor de lactose. A suplementação com sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos durante o período pré e/ou pós-parto não afetou os metabólitos sanguíneos de vacas de corte. Com o transcorrer dos dias do período experimental, os níveis de colesterol aumentaram e os níveis plasmáticos de triglicerídeos e ureia diminuíram. A suplementação com gordura protegida não afetou o desempenho dos bezerros. Bezerros de vacas adultas apresentaram desempenho superior até o desmame em relação aos bezerros de vacas primíparas e jovens. Bezerros de vacas mestiças Nelore-Charolês apresentaram ganho de peso médio diário superior dos 21 aos 42 dias de idade em relação às Charolês-Nelore. A suplementação com gordura protegida nos períodos pré e/ou pós-parto não afetou o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo das vacas. O intervalo entre partos foi beneficiado pela suplementação. Vacas com predominância de sangue Charolês foram mais pesadas e ganharam peso mais rápido do que as vacas com predominância de sangue Nelore.
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Papacosta-Kokkinou, Elena. "Training, taper and recovery strategies for effective competition performance in judo." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18902.
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Post-exercise carbohydrate-protein consumption and tapering periods during training periodisation have been proposed as effective recovery strategies in several sports; however, limited attention has been given to judo. Apart from training and recovery, effective competition performance can also be influenced by several stimuli on the competition day, which may be manifested as distinct endocrine responses. The main objective of this thesis was to influence effective competition performance in judo, through examining strategies that can aid recovery from intense exercise/training and examining endocrine responses to competition. Three experimental studies on recovery were completed (chapters 3-5) followed by an observational study on a judo competition day (chapter 6) in elite, national level, male judo athletes. Studies 1 and 2 examined the effects 1000 ml of post-exercise chocolate milk (CM) consumption compared with water (W) following an intense judo training session (chapter 3) and five days of intense judo training with concomitant weight loss (chapter 4) on the recovery of salivary cortisol (sC), salivary testosterone (sT), salivary testosterone:cortisol (sT/C) ratio, salivary secretory IgA (SIgA) absolute concentrations and secretion rate, muscle soreness, mood state and judo-related performance. Study 1 (n=10) did not show any beneficial effects of acute CM consumption on aspects of recovery of any of the measured variables, except for a lower perception of soreness (p<0.05) and a tendency for better push-up performance (p=0.09). Study 2 (n=12) showed that post-exercise CM consumption resulted in significantly lower sC levels, a tendency for higher sT/C ratio (p=0.07), better judo-related performance, lower muscle soreness and reduced mood disturbance (p<0.05) with W. In addition, post-exercise consumption of CM resulted in a 1.1% decrease in body weight, indicating that CM is an effective recovery beverage during periods of intense judo training without affecting intentional weight loss. Study 3 (n=11) examined the effects of a 2-week exponential taper following 2 weeks of intense judo training on recovery of the aforementioned variables. Within 12 days of tapering there were evidence of enhanced performance, lower sC, higher sT and higher sT/C ratio, higher SIgA secretion rate, lower muscle soreness and reduced mood disturbance, indicating that a tapering period of ~10 days is an effective recovery strategy for optimising judo performance. Study 4 observed the responses of sC, sT, SIgA absolute concentrations and SIgA secretion rate and self-measured anxiety state in the winners (n=12) and losers (n=11) of a judo competition. Winners presented significantly higher morning sC levels and higher cognitive anxiety in anticipation of the competition, as well as a tendency for higher SIgA secretion rate (p=0.07) and significantly higher saliva flow rate mid-competition. These findings indicate that winners experienced higher arousal levels and that anticipatory sC might have some predictive value for winning performance in judo. This thesis concludes that nutrition and tapering are both important aspects of effective recovery; CM can be an effective nutritional recovery aid during periods of intense judo training and tapering for 7-12 days can optimise judo performance and can be implemented prior to competitions. In addition, elevated sC levels in anticipation of a judo competition and higher levels of arousal could have some predictive value for winning performance in judo. Further research could focus on strategies to increase levels of arousal in anticipation of competition.
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Sow, Mamadou Alpha. "Hydrologie et géochimie des transports fluviaux dissous et particulaires dans le bassin versant du Milo (République de Guinée)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0039/document.
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En Guinée, la disponibilité des ressources en eau est soumise à de graves problèmes de gestion avec des conséquences importantes pour les populations, notamment à Kankan où la plupart des puits tarissent pendant la saison sèche, et où la fourniture régulière de l’eau à partir de la rivière Milo n'est pas assurée dans tous les quartiers de la ville. Le Milo et son bassin versant représente donc un enjeu important pour les habitants de cette ville. Le Milo (480 km de long) qui draine un bassin versant 13 810 km2 est le plus important des affluents rive droite du Niger. Pour évaluer l’impact du bassin versant du Milo et de la ville de Kankan sur la qualité des eaux et des sédiments de ce cours d’eau, 30 échantillons de sédiments de fond ont été prélevés au cours d’une première campagne (juin-juillet 2013) sur l’ensemble des cours d’eau du bassin versant, tandis que durant une deuxième campagne (avril 2014-mai 2015), un suivi régulier a été mis en place sur le Milo en amont et en aval de Kankan. Au cours de cette dernière, 232 échantillons d’eau du Milo (dont 116 utilisés pour l’isotopie), et 26 échantillons de sédiments de fond ont été prélevés sur les stations de Bordo (amont de Kankan) et de Karifamoriah (aval de Kankan). Les concentrations en éléments majeurs et traces, terres rares, COP, COD, pH, alcalinité, l’azote organique, les isotopes de l’oxygène et de l’hydrogène, ainsi que la micro-granulométrie des sédiments ont été mesurés. Les résultats obtenus durant le cycle hydrologique 2014-2015 ont permis d’estimer le flux de matières exportées en solution par le Milo à Kankan à 47 863 t.an-1 et le flux de matières particulaires à 76 759 t.an-1. 92% de ce tonnage est exporté durant la période des hautes eaux. Ces flux permettent d’estimer des vitesses moyennes d’érosion physique (8 t.km-2.an-1) et d’altération chimique (5 t.km-2.an-1) du bassin relativement faibles. Le flux spécifique de CO2 consommé par l’altération chimique est lui aussi relativement faible (76.103 mole.km-2.an-1), mais il reste dans la moyenne des flux de CO2 mesurés sur les bassins couverts de sols latéritiques. Le degré de contamination des sédiments et sa variation spatio-temporelle ont été évalués grâce au calcul du facteur d’enrichissement (FE), en normalisant les concentrations en éléments traces par rapport à Al, Sc et Ti et en prenant le PAAS et l’UCC comme matériaux de référence. La quasi-totalité des éléments traces proviennent essentiellement des processus d’altération et sont d’origine naturelle. Toutefois, un enrichissement modéré à significatif (5 < FE < 20) a été mis en évidence pour Zr et Hf (enrichissements naturels) et As et Sb (impacts anthropiques). Finalement, l’apport anthropique en éléments traces, quand il existe, reste modéré. Les profils de concentrations en terres rares ont permis de montrer que la signature géochimique des sédiments de fond du Milo est homogène sur l’ensemble du bassin et caractéristique des sols latéritiques, non perturbée par la ville de Kankan et elle est proche des signatures du PAAS et de l’UCC. Pour l’ensemble des éléments traces et des terres rares la contribution anthropique reste faible et les fractions disponibles (phases labiles) sur les sédiments (extraction à l’EDTA) sont également faibles, confirmant ainsi que l’essentiel de ces éléments rentrent principalement dans la composition des phases résiduellesIn Guinea, the availability of water resources is subjected to serious problems of management with important consequences for the populations, particularly in Kankan city where most of the wells dry up during the dry season and where the water supply from the Milo river is not assured for all the districts. Then the Milo river and its watershed represent an important issue for the inhabitants of Kankan. The Milo river (480 km in length) which drains an area of 13 810 km2 is the most important right-bank tributary of the Niger river. To evaluate the impact of the Milo watershed and of the Kankan city on the water and sediments of this river, 30 samples of bottom sediments have been collected during a first campaign (June-July 2013) on the main course from upstream to downstream and on the main tributaries, whereas during a second campaign (April 2014-May 2015) a regular monitoring was set up on the Milo river, upstream and downstream Kankan city. During this campaign, 232 river water samples (of which 116 for isotopic analyses) and 26 bottom sediment samples have been collected at Bordo (upstream) and Karifamoriah (downstream) stations. The concentrations of major and trace elements, rare earth elements, POC and PON, DOC, pH, alkalinity, the isotopic composition of O, H and the micro-granulometry of sediments have been measured. The results obtained during the hydrological cycle 2014-2015 allowed to estimate the fluxes of dissolved (47 863 t.y-1) and particulate (76 759 t.y-1) matters exported by the Milo river at Kankan. 92% of these fluxes are exported during the high flow period. These fluxes allowed us to estimate very low average rates of physical erosion (8 t.km-2.y-1) and chemical weathering (5 t.km-2.y-1) of the Milo catchment. The specific flux of CO2 consumed by chemical weathering (76.103 mole.km-2.y-1) is relatively low but within the range of CO2 fluxes measured in catchments draining lateritic soils. The degree of sediment contamination and its spatio-temporal variation have been assessed using the enrichment factor (EF), by normalizing the trace element concentrations with Al, Sc and Ti and by taking PAAS and UCC as the reference materials. Almost all the trace elements mainly originate from weathering processes and are of natural origin. Nevertheless, moderate to significant enrichments (5 < EF < 20) have been calculated for Zr and Hf (natural enrichments) and As and Sb (anthropogenic impacts). Finally, the anthropogenic contribution of trace elements, when it exists, remains moderate. The rare earth concentration patterns allowed to show the geochemical signature of river bottom sediments is homogeneous within the Milo catchment and characteristic of lateritic soils, non- perturbed by the city of Kankan and close to the PAAS and UCC patterns. For most of the trace and rare earth elements, the anthropogenic contribution remains low and the available fractions (labile phases) in the sediment (EDTA extraction) are also low, confirming that the main part of these elements are mainly in the residual phases
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Ngongoni, N. T. "Studies on the outflow rate of digesta from the rumen of ewes and on the efficiency of utilization for foetal growth and milk production of the amino nitrogen absorbed from the small intestine." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353288.
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Benslimane, Saloua. "Variations de l'activité de la plasmine et du plasminogène dans les laits de vache Montbéliarde et dans les fromages de type Comté." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA2001.
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La plasmine, protéase native endogène, existe dans le lait de vache avec son zymogène inactif : le plasminogène. Dans les laits de vaches montbéliarde, l'activité de la plasmine et du plasminogène varie essentiellement en fonction des saisons et des stades de lactation : cette activité est minimale a l'automne et maximale en été ; elle est faible en début de lactation et élevée en fin de lactation. Dans les fromages de type comte, l'activité diminue progressivement au cours de la fabrication en été et en hiver. La protéolyse induite par la plasmine dans les laits est plus importante l'été que l'hiver. Dans les fromages, la dégradation de la caséine-béta est plus importante l'été que l'hiver aux premiers stades de la fabrication ; a la coupe elle est identique en été et en hiver. La présence de lainure dans les fromages suit la même évolution que l'activité de la plasmine et du plasminogène : maximum en été et minimum en hiver ; la plasmine pourrait jouer un rôle dans l'apparition de ce défaut
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Ströbel, Ulrich. "Development of an online analysis and control system for individual quarter milking systems." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16600.
Full textAbstract:
In der Milchviehhaltung nimmt die Anzahl der eingesetzten Onlinesensoren zu. Somit können bedeutende biologische Veränderungen bei Kühen z. B. Sekretveränderungen frühzeitig erkannt werden. Hohe mechanische Belastungen am Zitzengewebe, die z. B. zu Ringbildungen führen, treten beim Melken jedoch immer noch häufig auf. Eine nicht optimal angepasste Melktechnik kann einer der Gründe dafür sein. Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ein Vakuumregelungssystem für das zitzenendige Melkvakuum zu entwickeln, das in engen Zeitabständen reagiert. Das zitzenendige Melkvakuum soll durch die Regelung in der Saugphase bei großen Milchflüssen einen konstant niedrigen Vakuumabfall aufweisen. In der Entlastungsphase soll die Regelung dagegen einen konstant hohen Vakuumabfall erzeugen. Bei Nassmessungen (ISO 6690, 2007) wurden verschiedene viertelindividuelle Melksysteme im Melklabor und in Praxisbetrieben in Bezug auf ihr zitzenendiges Melkvakuum untersucht. Nachfolgend wurden verschiedene Vakuummess- und Aktorsysteme zur Vakuumbeeinflussung untersucht. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen bestehen darin, dass die Konzeption für ein Vakuumregelungssystem gefunden und ein Prototyp gebaut werden konnte. Weiter wurden die Anforderungen an ein optimales zitzenendiges Melkvakuum erarbeitet. Das Konzept für das entwickelte Vakuumregelungssystem lässt erwarten, dass das zitzenendige Melkvakuum in der Saugphase auf 20 kPa bei einem Milchfluss von 0,25 l/min/ Euterviertel reduziert werden kann. Bei hohen Milchflüssen von 1,5 l/min/ Euterviertel und mehr wird das Vakuum in derselben Phase hingegen auf einen Mittelwert von 30 kPa eingestellt. Damit kann erstmals ein hohes Melkvakuum bei hohen und ein niedriges Melkvakuum bei niedrigen Milchflüssen erreicht werden. In Zukunft sollte das entwickelte Vakuumregelsystem zur Nutzung in allen viertelindividuellen Melksystemen angepasst werden.The number of online-sensors in dairy farming is increasing. In this manner, important biologically changes in cows as for example changes in secretion can be detected at an early stage. But high mechanical strains on the teat tissue during milking still occur frequently and can for example lead to formation of teat rings. A suboptimal adjusted milking technology can be one of the reasons for the mentioned observations. The objective of this dissertation was to develop a vacuum control system for the teat-end vacuum that can react in short time intervals. The teat-end vacuum produced by that control system should be with constant low vacuum reduction in suction phase at high milk flows. Moreover, in release phase the control system should provide constantly high vacuum reductions. In wet-tests (ISO 6690, 2007) several individual quarter milking systems in laboratory and practical milking parlours were evaluated in terms of their associated teat-end vacuum conditions. Several vacuum measuring and actuator systems for controlling the vacuum were tested. The most important result of the studies was that the general concept for a teat-end vacuum control system was developed, and a prototype of that system was produced. Important requirements for an optimum teat-end vacuum were revealed during that work. The concept for the planned vacuum control system suggests that it is possible to reduce the mean teat-end milking vacuum in the suction phase to 20 kPa at a flow rate of 0.25 l/min per udder quarter. At higher flow rates of 1.5 l/min and more per udder quarter, the teat-end vacuum is similar to the machine vacuum with a mean value of approximately 30 kPa. Therefore, for the first time, it is possible to supply a high teat-end vacuum at a high and a low teat-end vacuum at low milk flow rates. In the future, the developed vacuum control system should be adapted for installation in all types of individual quarter milking systems.
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Sanchez, Marie-Pierre. "Analyse génétique de la composition protéique & des aptitudes fromagères du lait de vache prédites à partir des spectres moyen infrarouge." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA008/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les aptitudes du lait à la transformation en fromage sont étroitement liées à sa composition, notamment en protéines. Ces caractères, difficiles à mesurer directement, ont été prédits à partir des spectres moyen infrarouge (MIR) du lait pour la composition en protéines dans les 3 races bovines Montbéliarde, Normande et Holstein (projet PhénoFinlait) et pour 9 aptitudes fromagères et la composition fine du lait en race Montbéliarde (projet From’MIR). La méthode Partial Least Squares (PLS) a fourni des prédictions MIR plus précises que les méthodes bayésiennes testées.Une analyse génétique a été réalisée pour ces caractères prédits à partir de plus de six millions de spectres MIR de plus de 400 000 vaches.Les caractères fromagers et de composition du lait sont modérément à fortement héritables. Les corrélations génétiques entre caractères fromagers (rendements et coagulation) et avec la composition du lait (protéines, acides gras et minéraux) sont élevées et favorables.Les génotypes de 28 000 vaches ont été imputés jusqu’à la séquence complète grâce aux données du projet 1000 génomes bovins.Des analyses d’association (GWAS) révèlent de nombreux gènes et variants avec des effets forts sur la fromageabilité et la composition du lait. Un réseau de 736 gènes, par ailleurs associé à ces caractères, permet d’identifier des voies métaboliques et des gènes régulateurs fonctionnellement liés à ces caractères.Un prototype d’évaluation génomique a été mis en place en race Montbéliarde. Un modèle de type contrôles élémentaires, incluant les variants détectés par les GWAS et présumés causaux, donne les estimations des valeurs génomiques les plus précises. La simulation d’une sélection incluant les caractères fromagers montre qu’il est possible d’améliorer la fromageabilité du lait avec un impact limité sur le gain génétique des autres caractères sélectionnés.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont abouti 1) à la détection de gènes (dont certains jamais décrits auparavant) et de variants candidats pour la composition et la fromageabilité du lait et 2) à la mise en place d’une évaluation génomique de la fromageabilité du lait en race Montbéliarde dans la zone AOP ComtéThe ability of milk to be processed into cheese is closely linked to its composition, in particular in proteins. These traits, which are difficult to measure directly, were predicted from milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectra for protein composition in 3 cattle breeds Montbéliarde, Normande and Holstein (PhénoFinlait project) and for 9 milk cheese-making properties (CMP) and composition traits in Montbéliarde cows (From’MIR project). The Partial Least Squares method provided more accurate predictions than the Bayesian methods tested.A genetic analysis was performed on these traits, predicted from more than six million MIR spectra of more than 400,000 cows.Milk CMP and composition traits are moderately to highly heritable. Genetic correlations between CMP (cheese yields and coagulation) and with milk composition (proteins, fatty acids and minerals) are high and favorable.The genotypes of 28,000 cows were imputed to whole genome sequences using the 1000 bovine genome reference population.Genome wide association studies (GWAS) reveal many genes and variants in these genes with strong effects on CMP and milk composition. A network of 736 genes, associated with these traits, enable the identification of metabolic pathways and regulatory genes functionally linked to these traits.A pilot genomic evaluation was set up in Montbéliarde cows. A test-day model, including variants detected by GWAS, provides the most accurate genomic value estimates. Simulation of a selection shows that it is possible to improve the cheesability of milk with a limited impact on the genetic gain of the traits that currently make up the breeding objective.The work presented in this thesis led to 1) the detection of genes (some of which have never been described before) and candidate variants for milk CMP and composition traits and 2) the implementation of a genomic evaluation of CMP predicted from MIR spectra in Montbéliarde cows of the Comté PDO area
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Umstätter, Christina. "Tier-Technik-Beziehung bei der automatischen Milchgewinnung." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14750.
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Durch die zunehmende Automatisierung der Tierhaltung gewinnt die Tier-Technik-Beziehung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Es besteht ein wachsendes Interesse am Tierverhalten, den Möglichkeiten des Lernens der Tiere und den Anpassungsstrategien. In der Dissertation untersuchte ich die Melk-, und Milchparameter und das Tierverhalten bei der automatischen Milchgewinnung. Die Messungen haben gezeigt, dass auf die Milchabgabe einzelner Individuen und insbesondere auf deren Euterviertel sehr differenziert einzugehen ist. Das Automatische Melksystem (AMS) vermag auf die speziellen Unterschiede der einzelnen Viertel, im Sinne einer verbesserten Tiergerechtheit, Rücksicht zu nehmen. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt die Tiergerechtheit zu verbessern ist es, eine zuverlässige Prozesskontrolle durchzuführen. Dazu muss zunächst einmal festgestellt werden, wie sich die natürliche Variationsbreite der einzelnen Parameter darstellt, um pathologisch bedingte Abweichungen signifikant erkennen zu können. Die Gewinnung von verlässlichen Aussagen über den Gesundheitszustand von Kühen im AMS setzen voraus, dass verschiedene interdependente Parameter so verknüpft oder deren Messungen sooft wiederholt werden, bis ein intelligentes Entscheidungssystem seine Schlüsse ziehen kann. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass stark auffällige Werte ein hohes Maß an Information haben, aber eine entsprechend geringe Verlässlichkeit aufweisen. Sich wiederholende Werte haben hingegen einen geringen Informationsgehalt, dafür aber ein hohes Maß an Redundanz bzw. Verlässlichkeit, soweit sie nicht durch systematische Fehler entstehen. Für eine zuverlässige Prozesskontrolle kann es manchmal vorteilhafter sein, eine automatisierte Datengewinnung zu installieren, auch wenn der einzelne Parameter (z. B. die Leitfähigkeit) zwar wenig aussagekräftig, dafür aber die Durchführung deutlich zuverlässiger ist als bei Tests, die von Menschen manuell durchgeführt werden. Ähnliches gilt für die Haltungsumwelt von Tieren. Eine durch Automation dominierte Umwelt kann für Tiere deutlich berechenbarer und damit zuverlässiger gestaltet werden. Das bedeutet, dass für die Individuen weniger Stresssituationen mit den für sie unabsehbaren Folgen entstehen. Es sollte aber dabei beachtet werden, dass es zwingend ist, auf die Lerngeschwindigkeit der einzelnen Tiere, in Abhängigkeit von ihrer jeweiligen Lernsituation, einzugehen, um zuverlässige Umweltbedingungen für die Kühe mit einem AMS bereitzustellen. Es konnte weiterhin festgestellt werden, dass das Melken in einem AMS bei den Kühen nicht als belastender Stressfaktor identifiziert werden kann, wenn man die Herzfrequenz als Indikator heranzieht und diese über eine längere Zeit analysiert. Der zunehmende Einsatz von Technik in der Milchviehhaltung kann einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu leisten, die Haltungsumwelt der Kühe human und tiergerecht zu gestalten.Relationship between animal and technology in automatic milk production: Due to the fact of the increasing automation in husbandry systems becomes the relationship between the animal and the technology more and more important. There is a growing interest to know more about animal behaviour, the ability of learning and the coping strategies in such systems. In the thesis I investigated the parameter of milking, of milk and of animal behaviour in an Automatic Milking System (AMS). The measurement has shown that the milk yield differs very much between the quarters of the udder. An AMS has the possibility to take such differences into consideration. This is one step towards more animal welfare. Another improvement of animal welfare is a better control of the process. For that, it is important to have a certain knowledge about the natural variation of different parameters, such as electrical conductivity of the milk, milk ingredients or milk yield. This makes the basis of the identification of anomalies depending on pathological problems. To get a reliable declaration about the state of health one has to connect different interdependent parameters and/or the measurement has to be repeated so often until an intelligent decision system can draw conclusions. Besides it is important to know, that a conspicuous value is highly informative, but it is less reliable, otherwise is an often repeatable value less informative but highly redundant, if there is no systematic failure. For a control of the process it is important to get reliable information, so it is sometimes better to automat the tests, instead of using human knowledge, which is often more informative, but less reliable (i.e. electrical conductivity). There is a similarity in husbandry systems because an automated system can be much more reliable and calculable for animals. That means less stressing situations because of incalculable reactions. For such a reliable environment in an AMS it is necessary to give every cow their individual time to learn the facts about the AMS. The milking in an AMS cannot be identified as a negative stress factor, if one uses the measurement of heart rate for identification. The increasing automation in the dairy husbandry can be an important contribution to create a humane environment for dairy cows and improve animal welfare.
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Ju, Min. "Optimisation de la protection des réseaux optiques de nouvelle génération." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0226/document.
Full textAbstract:
La tolérance aux pannes est une propriété très importante des réseaux optiques de nouvelle génération. Cette thèse aborde la conception des mécanismes de protection contre des pannes liées à la défaillance d’une fibre optique ou à une catastrophe naturelle. Deux systèmes de protection classiques, à savoir la protection par des cycles préconfigurés(p-cycles) et la protection du chemin de secours, sont étudiés pour atteindre une efficacité de protection élevée, tout en considérant le coût de l’équipement optique,la consommation d’énergie et l’utilisation de la ressource spectrale. Ces problèmes de survivabilité sont d’abord formulés en utilisant la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers (PLNE), et ensuite résolus soit par algorithmes heuristiques, soit par une approche de décomposition.La panne d’une seule fibre optique est le scénario le plus courant. Nous allons donc considérer d’abord des pannes liées à la défaillance d’une fibre optique dans les réseaux optiques multi-débit. Pour réduire le coût des transpondeurs, un système de protection par p-cycles de longueur adaptable et peu coûteux est proposé. Spécifiquement, les p cycles de longueur limitée sont conçus pour utiliser un débit approprié en fonction du coût du transpondeur et de la portée de transmission. Un modèle de programmation linéaire en nombres entiers (PLNE) sans énumération des cycles candidats est formulé pour générer directement les p-cycles de coût dépenses d’investissement minimum. De plus, un algorithme GPA (Graph Partitioning in Average) et un algorithme d’estimation des nombres de cycles (EI) sont développés pour rendre le modèle PLNE plus efficace au niveau du temps de calcul. En ce qui concerne la consommation d’énergie des réseaux optiques élastiques résilients,nous proposons d’utiliser un schéma de p-cycles dirigés, efficaces en énergie,pour protéger le trafic asymétrique. En raison de l’avantage de distinguer du volume de trafic dans les deux directions, les p-cycles dirigés consomment peu d’énergie en attribuant de créneaux ou slots du spectre et des formats de modulation différents à chaque direction.Un modèle PLNE est formulé pour minimiser la consommation d’énergie totale sous contraintes de génération du cycle dirigée, d’allocation de spectre, d’adaptation de modulation et de capacité de protection. Pour le passage à l’échelle, le modèle PLNE est décomposé en deux sous-problèmes: une méthode d’énumération de cycles améliorée et un modèle PLNE simplifié pour la sélection des cycles. Nous avons montré que les p-cycles dirigés obtiennent une meilleure performance comparant les p-cyclesiii non-dirigés pour le trafic asymétrique en termes de la consommation d’énergie et de l’utilisation du spectre.Afin d’améliorer l’efficacité d’utilisation du spectre dans réseaux optiques élastiques, une protection par p-cycles (SS-p-cycle) à spectre partagé est proposée. Les SS-p-cycles permettent de réduire l’utilisation du spectre et le taux de fragmentation spectrale en exploitant un partage de spectre spécial entre plusieurs p-cycles ayant des liens communs.Les modèles PLNE est conçus dans les cas "sans" ou "avec" conversion spectrale afin de minimiser l’utilisation du spectre. Ces modèles peuvent obtenir la solution optimale pour un petit réseaux optiques élastiques, et une heuristique efficace est développée pour résoudre les instances à grande échelle. Les résultats de simulations montrent que les SS-p-cycles ont des avantages significatifs pour réduire l’utilisation de la ressource spectrale et la défragmentation des fréquence. De plus, la conversion du spectre aide les SS-p-cycles à acquérir une meilleure utilisation du spectreNetwork survivability is a critical issue for optical networks to maintain resilience against network failures. This dissertation addresses several survivability design issues against single link failure and large-scale disaster failure in optical networks. Twoclassic protection schemes, namely pre-configured Cycles (p-Cycle) protection and path protection, are studied to achieve high protection capacity efficiency while taking intoaccount the equipment cost, power consumption and resource usage. These survivable network design problems are first formulated by mathematical models and then offered scalable solutions by heuristic algorithms or a decomposition approach.We first consider single link failure scenario. To cut the multi-line rates transponderscost in survivable Mixed-Line-Rate (MLR) optical networks, a distance-adaptive andlow Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) cost p-cycle protection scheme is proposed withoutcandidate cycle enumeration. Specifically, path-length-limited p-cycles are designed touse appropriate line rate depending on the transponder cost and transmission reach.A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is formulated to directly generate the optimal p-cycles with the minimum CAPEX cost. Additionally, Graph Partitioning in Average (GPA) algorithm and Estimation of cycle numbers (EI) algorithm are developed to make the proposed MILP model scalable, which are shown to be efficient.Regarding the power consumption in survivable Elastic Optical Networks (EONs),power-efficient directed p-cycle protection scheme for asymmetric traffic is proposed.Owing to the advantage of distinguishing traffic amount in two directions, directedp-cycles consume low power by allocating different Frequency Slots (FSs) and modulation formats for each direction. An MILP model is formulated to minimize total power consumption under constraints of directed cycle generation, spectrum assignment,modulation adaptation and protection capacity allocation. To increase the scalability, the MILP model is decomposed into an improved cycle enumeration and a simplified Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model. We have shown that the directedp-cycles out perform the undirected p-cycles in terms of power consumption and spectrum usage.In order to improve the spectrum usage efficiency in p-cycle protection, a SpectrumShared p-cycle (SS-p-cycle) protection is proposed for survivable EONs with and without spectrum conversion. SS-p-cycles permit to reduce spectrum usage and Spectrum Fragmentation Ratio (SFR) by leveraging potential spectrum sharing among multiplep-cycles that have common link(s). The ILP formulations are designed in both cases of with and without spectrum conversion to minimize the spectrum usage of SS-p-cycleswhich can obtain the optimal solution in small instance, and a time-efficient heuristic algorithm is developed to solve large-scale instances. Simulation results show that SSp-cycles have significant advantages on both spectrum allocation and defragmentation efficiency, and the spectrum conversion does help SS-p-cycle design to acquire better spectrum utilization
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Fino, Ahmad. "Contributions aux problèmes d'évolution." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437141.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'étude de trois équations aux dérivées partielles et d'évolution non-locales en espace et en temps. Les solutions de ces trois solutions peuvent exploser en temps fini. Dans une première partie de cette thèse, nous considérons l'équation de la chaleur nonlinéaire avec une puissance fractionnaire du laplacien, et obtenons notamment que, dans le cas d'exposant sur-critique, le comportement asymptotique de la solution lorsque $t\rightarrow+\infty$ est déterminé par le terme de diffusion anormale. D'autre part, dans le cas d'exposant sous-critique, l'effet du terme non-linéaire domine. Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudions une équation parabolique avec le laplacien fractionnaire et un terme non-linéaire et non-local en temps. On montre que la solution est globale dans le cas sur-critique pour toute donnée initiale ayant une mesure assez petite, tandis que dans le cas sous-critique, on montre que la solution explose en temps fini $T_{\max}>0$ pour toute condition initiale positive et non-triviale. Dans ce dernier cas, on cherche le comportement de la norme $L^1$ de la solution en précisant le taux d'explosion lorsque $t$ s'approche du temps d'explosion $T_{\max}.$ Nous cherchons encore les conditions nécessaires à l'existence locale et globale de la solution. Une toisième partie est consacré à une généralisation de la deuxième partie au cas de systèmes $2\times 2$ avec le laplacien ordinaire. On étudie l'existence locale de la solution ainsi qu'un résultat sur l'explosion de la solution avec les mêmes propriétés étudiées dans le troisième chapitre. Dans la dernière partie, nous étudions une équation hyperbolique dans $\mathbb{R}^N,$ pour tout $N\geq2,$ avec un terme non-linéaire non-local en temps. Nous obtenons un résultat d'existence locale de la solution sous des conditions restrictives sur les données initiales, la dimension de l'espace et les exposants du terme non-linéaire. De plus on obtient, sous certaines conditions sur les exposants, que la solution explose en temps fini, pour toute condition initiale ayant de moyenne strictement positive.
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Gibson, Jason. "Nano-Particles in Multi-Scale Composites and Ballistic Applications." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5745.
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Carbon nanotubes, graphene and nano sized core shell rubber particles have all been extensively researched for their capability to improve mechanical properties of thermoset resins. However, there has been a lack of research on their evaluation for energy absorption in high velocity impact scenarios, and the fundamental mechanics of their failure mechanisms during highly dynamic stress transfer through the matrix. This fundamental research is essential for laying the foundation for improvement in ballistic performance in composite armor. In hard armor applications, energy absorption is largely accomplished through delamination between plies of the composite laminate. This energy absorption is accomplished through two mechanisms. The first being the elongation of the fiber reinforcement contained in the resin matrix, and the second is the propagation of the crack in between the discreet fabric plies. This research aims to fundamentally study the energy absorption characteristics of various nano-particles as reinforcements in thermoset resin for high velocity impact applications. Multiple morphologies will be evaluated through use of platelet, tubular and spherical shaped nano-particles. Evaluations of the effect on stress transfer through the matrix due to the combination of nano sized and micro scale particles of milled fiber is conducted. Three different nano-particles are utilized, specifically, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and core shell rubber particles. The difference in surface area, aspect ratio and molecular structure between the tube, platelet and spherical nano-particles causes energy absorption through different failure mechanisms. This changes the impact performance of composite panels enhanced with the nano-particle fillers. Composite panels made through the use of dispersing the various nano-particles in a non-contact planetary mixer, are evaluated through various dynamic and static testing, including unnotched cantilever beam impact, mixed mode fracture toughness, split-Hopkinson bar, and ballistic V50 testing. The unnotched cantilever beam testing showed that the addition of milled fiber degraded the impact resistance of the samples. Addition of graphene nano platelets unilaterally degraded impact resistance through the unnotched cantilever beam testing. 1.5% loading of MWCNT showed the greatest increase in impact resistance, with a 43% increase over baseline. Determining the critical load for mixed mode interlaminar shear testing can be difficult for composite panels that bend without breaking. An iterative technique of optimizing the coefficient of determination, R2, in linear regression is developed for objectively determining the point of non-linearity for critical load. This allows for a mathematical method of determination; thereby eliminating any subjective decision of choosing where the data becomes non-linear. The core shell rubber nano particles showed the greatest strain energy release rate with an exponential improvement over the baseline results. Synergistic effects between nano and micro sized particles in the resin matrix during transfer of the stress wave were created and evaluated. Loadings of 1% milled carbon fiber enhanced the V50 ballistic performance of both carbon nanotube and core shell rubber particles in the resin matrix. However, the addition of milled carbon fiber degrades the impact resistance of all nano-particle enhanced resin matrices. Therefore, benefits gained from the addition of micro-sized particles in combination with nano-sized particles, are only seen in high energy impact scenarios with micro second durations. Loadings of 1% core shell rubber particles and 1% milled carbon fiber have an improvement of 8% in V50 ballistic performance over the baseline epoxy sample for 44 mag single wad cutter gas check projectiles. Loadings of 1% multi-walled carbon nanotubes with 1% milled carbon fiber have an improvement of 7.3% in V50 ballistic performance over the baseline epoxy sample. The failure mechanism of the various nano-particle enhanced resin matrices during the ballistic event is discussed through the use of scanning electron microscope images and Raman spectroscopy of the panels after failure. The Raman spectroscopy data shows a Raman shift for the fibers that had an enhancement in the V50 performance through the use of nano-particles. The Raman band for Kevlar centered at 1,649 cm-1 stemming from the stretching of the C==O bond of the fiber shows to be more sensitive to the residual axial strain, while the Raman band centered at 1,611 cm-1 stemming from the C-C phenyl ring is minimally affected for the CSR enhanced panels due to the failure mechanism of the CSR particles during crack propagation.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering
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Krauß, Michael. "The Influence of Management Strategies on the Water Productivity in Dairy Farming and Broiler Production." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18560.
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Die Wasserproduktivität in der Tierhaltung ist von vielen Faktoren abhängig. Die Futterproduktion hat den größten Anteil am Wasserbedarf von tierischen Produkten. Weitere Einflussfaktoren sind die Leistung, die Reproduktion und der Gesundheitsstatus der Tiere, das Management und die Haltungsbedingungen. In dieser Arbeit sollte untersucht werden, wie sich diese Faktoren auf die Wasserproduktivität von Milch und Geflügelfleisch in Nord-Ost-Deutschland auswirken. Zehn unterschiedliche Futtermittel wurden hinsichtlich ihres Wasserbedarfes untersucht. Aus diesen Futtermitteln wurden die Rationen für die Tiere erstellt. Die Milchleistung der Kühe wurde zwischen 4.000 und 12.000 kg Milch pro Kuh und Jahr in 2.000 kg Schritten variiert. Für jedes Leistungsniveau wurden zwölf verschiedene Fütterungsstrategien untersucht, welche auf der Erhöhung einzelner Bestandteile der Ration basieren. Der Wasserbedarf von Leitungswasser im Stall wurde mit 38 Wasserzählern ermittelt. Für die Wasserproduktivität des Geflügelfleisches wurden vier verschieden intensive Mastverfahren untersucht.
Die Wasserproduktivität steigt mit steigender Milchleistung der Kühe. Das Maximum wird bei 10.000 kg Milch pro Kuh und Jahr und Rationen mit einem hohem Gras- bzw. Maissilageanteil erreicht.
Die Kühe, die im automatischen Melksystem gemolken wurden, nahmen mehr Tränkwasser zu sich, als die Kühe im Fischgrätenmelkstand. Dies ist durch die höhere Milchleistung bedingt. Im automatischen Melksystem wurden im Mittel 28,6 Liter Reinigungswasser pro Kuh und Tag benötigt. Für die Reinigung des Fischgrätenmelkstandes wurden 33,8 Liter pro Kuh und Tag genutzt.
Die untersuchten Broilermastverfahren zeigten keine Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Wasserproduktivität. Die intensivere Aufzucht und bessere Futterverwertung wurde durch eine niedrigere Wasserproduktivität des Futters kompensiert.
Der Anteil des technischen Wassers macht in der Milchkuh- und Broilerhaltung nur einen kleinen Teil am Gesamtwasserbedarf aus.Livestock production is the main user of water resources in agricultural production. Water is used in animal production for producing feed, watering the animals, and cleaning and disinfecting barns and equipment. The objective of this dissertation was to quantify the effects of management strategies, such as feeding, intensity of production and the replacement process on the water productivity of milk and poultry meat in Germany. Water productivity in milk and broiler production systems was calculated based on the methodology of Prochnow et al. (2012). Own measurements of the drinking and cleaning water demand in milk production were conducted in a dairy cow barn. The study was based on site conditions of North-East Germany with common variations in farm operations. The feed production is the main contributor to water input in dairy and poultry production. The water productivity of milk increased with an increasing milk yield. The most beneficial conditions related to water productivity in dairy farming were found to be with a milk yield of approximately 10,000 kg fat corrected milk and a grass silage and maize silage based feeding. The total technical water use in the barn makes only a minor contribution to water use. Former regression functions of the drinking water intake of the cows were reviewed and a new regression function based on the ambient temperature and the milk yield was developed. In broiler production the intensification of the fattening systems did not increase water productivity. An increase of water productivity in animal production can be achieved with various management strategies with their specific influence on the production process. The feed management should be a focus of the strategies.
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Aguiar, José Roberto Câmara. "Caracterização do cDNA da NAD-MDH citosólica e da H+ ATPase Vacuolar no amadurecimento da anona (Annona cherimola Mill)." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/382.
Full textAbstract:
A Annona cherimola é um fruto exótico, com um sabor agradável. Este fruto tem um elevado potencial comercial, mas apresenta um tempo médio de vida curto devido ao seu rápido amadurecimento. Por esta razão é necessário conhecer melhor o processo de amadurecimento deste fruto. Na Região Autónoma da Madeira a cultura da anoneira é muito importante em termos comerciais.
O processo de amadurecimento leva a diversas modificações bioquímicas e fisiológicas. Existem várias enzimas e substâncias que integram este processo. Neste trabalho iremos estudar os genes das enzimas malato desidrogenase e H+ ATPase vacuolar que estão envolvidos no processo de amadurecimento dos frutos. Utilizando as técnicas de RACE e sequenciação foi possível determinar a sequência nucleotídica do cDNA destes genes.
O cDNA da malato desidrogenase é composto por 1364 nucleótidos, contendo uma zona 5’ UTR com 84 nucleótidos, uma zona 3’ UTR com 284 nucleótidos e um sinal de poliadenilação com a sequência AATAAA. A ORF apresenta 996 nucleótidos, codificando uma proteína com 332 aminoácidos.
Para a H+ ATPase vacuolar foi amplificado o cDNA da subunidade C do domínio V1. Esta apresenta 799 nucleótidos, dos quais 36 são da 5’ UTR, 266 da 3’ UTR e 498 da ORF. A ORF codifica uma proteína com 166 aminoácidos.Universidade da Madeira
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Zelíková, Nikol. "Potenciál revitalizačních opatření vodních toků jako nástroje pro retenci vody v říční nivě." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411459.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this thesis is the evaluation of the restoration potential of small hydraulic structures for increasing water retention in river floodplain by using 2D HEC-RAS hydraulic model. A former millrace of the Rožnovská Bečva River was used for the design of restoration measures. The restoration proposal consists of partial modification of the current millrace and new close-to-nature watercourse in the agricultural floodplain. Restoration proposal also includes changes in land use, which consist of grassing and afforestation. The input data used for the hydraulic model are digital terrain model (5G) by ČÚZK, surface roughness parameter and mean hourly discharge data of 1997 (Q100) and 2007 (Q5) flood events provided by CHMI. The results of the hydraulic simulations point to the positive effect of proposed restoration measures especially in the change of flooded volumes (3x higher) and flooded areas (2x higher). The results indicate that restoration measures lead to the flooding from the newly designed watercourse that precedes the flooding from the Rožnovská Bečva River. This brings the possibility of more frequent occurrence of inundation events favourable for water retention in the river floodplain. Keywords: retention, floodplain, restoration, hydraulic structures, Rožnovská Bečva River,...