Journal articles on the topic 'Milk production of dairy cow'
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1
Yuniawan, Yuniawan, and Samaiharuh Samaiharuh. "Efisiensi Produksi Susu Sapi Perah Di Kelompok Peternak Mandiri Sejahtera Desa Tajurhalang Kabupaten Bogor." Wahana Peternakan 6, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jwputb.v6i2.573.
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This research aims to know efficiency of milk production at Mandiri Sejahtera Dairy Farmers Group and also to know how the factors of milk productions influence the amount of milk production at that group. Research methode which is used is with using giving quiz containing questions about factors relating to milk production. Factors of milk production which are researched are ownership of dairy cow for every farmer (SL), forage (H) and concentrate (K) which is used for every month/dairy cow, and working time per month/dairy cow. Data analysis used is using Cobb Douglass Equation, so, We could get milk production equation and know factors which significant (P < 0,01 atau P < 0,05) influence to milk production. Cobb Douglas Function of that milk production is LnPS = 0,38 + 0,432 LnH - 0,263 LnK + 0,590 LnJ* + 0,941 LnSL**. Factors most significant (P < 0,01) influence the milk production are the ownership of dairy cow. The ownership of dairy cow which is efficient is about 3,32 LU/month/farmer which could produce milk about 250 liter/month/farmer. Keywords: Milk Production, Cobb Douglass, Ownership Of Dairy Cow, Dairy Farmer
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Kopeček, P. "Analysis of the yield milk effect on the economics of milk production." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 10 (March 1, 2012): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5355-agricecon.
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Relations between the level of milk yield and the economic results of dairy cows breeding were analysed on the base of operational and economic data received from 135 agricultural enterprises. The analysis was aiming at the optimization of milk production expressed by means of the cost function. By evaluating the above-mentioned relations, there was recorded a tendency of the faster growth of milk yield compared to the costs for market milk for one feeding day of a dairy cow. On the base of the expense function, there was expressed the maximum profit for a litre of market milk, the maximum profit for a dairy cow per year and the interval of profitability of milk production in 2000.
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Larasati, Maulidya, Wiludjeng Roessali, and Agus Setiadi. "Risk Analysis Of Dairy Cow Milk Production." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 15, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2021.v15.i01.p12.
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Dairy farmers need to know the risk management strategies in dairy cow milk production process to reach the optimal production and preventing decrease. Pangudi Mulyo Animal Husbandry Group is a farmer group that engaged in dairy cows business and makes dairy milk as its main product. This study aimed to identify risks and set priorities for handling and analyzing risk management strategies for dairy cow milk production. This research was conducted in December 2019-January 2020 in Pangudi Mulyo Animal Husbandry Group located in Randusari Hamlet, Nongkosawit Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang. The method used in this study was census method, by taking 33 active members of the Pangudi Mulyo Animal Husbandry Group. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews according to the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using quantitative analysis with the House of Risk (HOR) Phase 1 and Phase 2 methods. The results shows that there were 17 risk events and 17 risk agents in HOR Phase 1 and there were 8 risk agents that needed handling based on the high value of Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP). There are identified 13 risk management strategies obtained from HOR phase 2 in accordance with the Effectiveness of Difficult (ETD) assessment of risk agents that need to be addressed.
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Whitfield, Lisa. "Milk production, fertility and the modern dairy cow." Livestock 25, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2020.25.2.72.
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Increasing the volume of milk produced per cow has been a successful direction of the dairy industry for many years. Management of genetics, the physical environment and changes in nutrition have ensured significant progress has been made towards maximising the milk yield per cow. This production focus has come at a cost however, with increased milk yield seemingly being at odds with the desirable trait of reproductive efficiency.
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Makau, D. N., J. A. VanLeeuwen, G. K. Gitau, S. L. McKenna, C. Walton, J. Muraya, and J. J. Wichtel. "Effects of Calliandra and Sesbania on Daily Milk Production in Dairy Cows on Commercial Smallholder Farms in Kenya." Veterinary Medicine International 2020 (February 21, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3262370.
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There is a growing interest in protein supplementation of dairy-cow diets using leguminous shrubs. The study objective was to ascertain the association between diet supplementation with Calliandra calothyrsus and Sesbania sesban and milk production in dairy cattle on commercial smallholder farms. This trial involved 235 cows from 80 smallholder dairy farms in Kenya randomly allocated to 4 intervention groups: (1) receiving Calliandra and Sesbania and nutritional advice; (2) receiving reproductive medicines and advice; (3) receiving both group 1 and 2 interventions; and (4) receiving neither intervention. Farm nutritional practices and management data were collected in a questionnaire, and subsequent physical examinations, mastitis tests, and milk production of cows on the farm were monitored approximately monthly for 16 months. Descriptive and univariable statistical analyses were conducted, and multivariable mixed-model regression was used for identification of factors associated (P<0.05) with daily milk production. The mean milk production was 6.39 liters/cow/day (SD = 3.5). Feeding Calliandra/Sesbania to cows was associated (P<0.0005) with an increase in milk produced by at least 1 liter/cow/day with each kg fed. Other variables positively associated with ln daily milk production in the final model included feeding of Napier grass, amount of silage and dairy meal fed, body condition score, and appetite of the cow. Other variables negatively associated with ln daily milk production in the final model included amount of maize germ fed, days in milk, sudden feed changes, pregnancy, and subclinical mastitis. In conclusion, our field trial data suggest that use of Calliandra/Sesbania through agroforestry can improve milk production in commercial smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Agroforestry land use systems can be adopted as a way for dairy farmers to cope with feed shortages and low crude protein in farm-available feeds for their cows.
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Scholtz, MM, J. Du Toit, and FWC Neser. "Antagonism in the carbon footprint between beef and dairy production systems." South African Journal of Animal Science 44, no. 5 (January 19, 2015): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v44i5.4.
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Primary beef cattle farming in South Africa is largely extensive, whereas dairy farming is based on both total mixed ration and pasture production systems. Under natural rangeland conditions, decomposition of manure is aerobic, which produces carbon dioxide (CO2), part of which is absorbed by the regrowth of vegetation rather than released into the atmosphere, and water (H2O) as end products. Thus the cow releases methane (CH4) and the manure CO2. This is in contrast to intensive cow-calf systems in large parts of Europe and North America, where large quantities of manure are stockpiled and undergo anaerobic decomposition and produce CH4. Thus both the cow and the manure release CH4, which result in a higher carbon footprint than the extensive cow-calf systems. In dairy farming, increasing cow efficiency through intensive feeding (same kg milk output by fewer animals) can reduce farm CH4 production by up to 15%. In addition, when differences in productivity are accounted for, pasture systems require more resources (land, feed, water, etc.) per unit of milk produced and the carbon footprint is greater than that of intensive systems. This raises the question as to why the carbon footprint of intensive dairy cow production systems is less, but the carbon footprint of intensive beef cow-calf production systems is higher. The explanation lies in the differences in production levels. In the case of beef cows the weight of the intensive cows will be ± 30% higher than that of the extensive cows, and the weaning weight of their calves will also differ by ± 30%. In the case of dairy cows the weight of the intensive cows will be ± 20% higher, but their milk production will be ± 60% higher. The higher increase in production (milk) of intensive dairy cows, compared to the increase in production (calf weight) of intensive beef cows, explains the antagonism in the carbon footprint between different beef and dairy production systems. Unfortunately, carbon sequestration estimates have been neglected and thus the quantitative effects of these differences are not known.Keywords: Cow-calf production, methane, pasture production, production levels, total mixed ration
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Hennessy, Deirdre, Luc Delaby, Agnes van den Pol-van Dasselaar, and Laurence Shalloo. "Increasing Grazing in Dairy Cow Milk Production Systems in Europe." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062443.
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In temperate regions of Europe where grass grows for most of the year, grazed pasture is the lowest cost feed for milk production. Grazed pasture can make a contribution to dairy cow feeding systems in other parts of Europe, but is less important. While there are many challenges to maintaining or increasing the proportion of grazed grass in dairy cow diets, there are also opportunities to increase its contribution. Grass use and quality can be challenging for several reasons, including the cow and sward interaction, and factors influencing dry matter intake. Adapting grazing management strategies can provide opportunities for incorporating grazing and perhaps increase grazing in dairy cow milk production systems. Pasture management tools and techniques offer the opportunity to increase herbage use at grazing. While there are many benefits of grazing including economic, environmental, animal welfare and social, there are also the challenges to maintaining grazed pasture in dairy cow diets. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the challenges and opportunities for grazing in dairy milk production systems.
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Trajchev, Metodija, Dimitar Nakov, and Sreten Andonov. "The Effect of Thermal Environment on Daily Milk Yield of Dairy Cows." Macedonian Veterinary Review 39, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macvetrev-2016-0084.
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AbstractThe primary objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of environmental air temperatures on the milk production of dairy cows. Therefore, the experiment was carried out at the height of summer (from 15th of June to 15th of September) in three small family dairy farms and one commercial dairy farm. In total, 51 dairy cows from the black-white breed were subjected to the study. The season of research was divided into three periods: the period before the hot season, the period of the hot season and the period after the hot season. In each period there were three test days selected that were used for recording the air temperature inside and outside the barns and cow’s daily milk yield. Unvaried associations between the test day milk yield of cows and independent environmental and cow factors were done using the linear mixed model for repeated measurements. The statistical model showed that the farm management system and the hot season of the year had significant influence on daily milk yield per cow at the level of p<0.001. The test day per periods of the season when milk control was performed and the average test day environmental temperature showed statistically significant influence on daily milk yield per cow at level p<0.01. The present results revealed that environmental air temperatures contributes to considerable loss in the milk production of dairy cows.
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Nicholson, Charles F., Budy Resosudarmo, and Rick Wackernagel. "Impacts of the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact on New England Milk Supply." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 30, no. 1 (April 2001): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000587.
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A two-equation random coefficients model and two estimates of milk prices in the absence of the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact (Compact) are used to estimate the impact of minimum price regulation for fluid milk products on milk production in the New England states. Estimated responses to price enhancement differed by state for cow numbers, but parameters for milk per cow were not significantly different among states. The amount of increase in milk production attributed to the Compact is estimated at 45 million pounds (about 1% of production) during the first year of minimum price regulation, primarily due to increased milk per cow.
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Alam, Md Ariful, Asma Yeasmin Sampa, Sauda Afrin Anny, and Sharmin Afrin. "Financial profitability analysis of dairy milk production in some selected areas of Bangladesh." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 12, no. 1 (August 23, 2022): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v12i1.61050.
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The study analyzed profitability and productivity of dairy milk production from a survey of 70 respondents (farmers and market actors) in Dhaka region. Responsible factors that affect dairy milk production were identified using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The findings unveil that significant coefficients of variables exhibit positive impact on the dairy milk production. It is possible for dairy farmers to enjoy sufficient profits from milk production since earned gross return and net return were Tk. 1099 and Tk. 594, respectively against the total cost of production Tk. 487.83 per cow per day. Average production of milk per cow was 12.5 liters. The estimated Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was 2.17 that is dairy farmers earned Tk. 2.17 investing one taka in dairy farming. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 182-187, June 2022
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Pryce, Jennie E., and Matthew J. Bell. "The impact of genetic selection on greenhouse-gas emissions in Australian dairy cattle." Animal Production Science 57, no. 7 (2017): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16510.
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In Australia, dairy cattle account for ~12% of the nation’s agricultural greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Genetic selection has had a positive impact, reducing GHG emissions from dairy systems mainly due to increased production per cow, which has led to (1) requiring fewer cows to produce the same amount of milk and (2) lowering emissions per unit of milk produced (emission intensity). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the consequences of previous and current genetic-selection practices on carbon emissions, using realised and predicted responses to selection for key traits that are included in the Australian national breeding objective. A farm model was used to predict the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions per unit change of these traits, while holding all other traits constant. Estimates of the realised change in annual CO2-eq emissions per cow over the past decade were made by multiplying predicted CO2-eq emissions per unit change of each trait under selection by the realised rates of genetic gain in each of those traits. The total impact is estimated to be an increase of 55 kg CO2-eq/cow.year after 10 years of selection. The same approach was applied to future CO2-eq emissions, except predicted rates of genetic gain assumed to occur over the next decade through selection on the Balanced Performance Index (BPI) were used. For an increase of AU$100 in BPI (~10 years of genetic improvement), we predict that the increase of per cow emissions will be reduced to 37 kg CO2-eq/cow.year. Since milk-production traits are a large part of the breeding goal, the GHG emitted per unit of milk produced will reduce as a result of improvements in efficiency and dilution of emissions per litre of milk produced at a rate estimated to be 35.7 g CO2-eq/kg milk solids per year in the past decade and is predicted to reduce to 29.5 g CO2-eq/kg milk solids per year after a conservative 10-year improvement in BPI (AU$100). In fact, cow numbers have decreased over the past decade and production has increased; altogether, we estimate that the net impact has been a reduction of CO2-eq emissions of ~1.0% in total emissions from the dairy industry per year. Using two future scenarios of either keeping the number of cows or amount of product static, we predict that net GHG emissions will reduce by ~0.6%/year of total dairy emissions if milk production remains static, compared with 0.3%/year, if cow numbers remain the same and there is genetic improvement in milk-production traits.
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Melkamu Mesfin, Zewde, and Mustefa Wazir Shafi. "Review on milk production performance, challenges, and opportunities of dairy cows production in oromia regional state, Ethiopia." International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000118.
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This review was conducted to review the information on milk production performance, challenges, and opportunities of dairy cattle production in Oromia. Supported management practices, marketing situations, feed sources, and feeding systems the foremost milk production systems are identified as rural milk production, peri-urban, and concrete milk production. Ethiopia holds large potential for dairy development mainly thanks to an acceptable environment and large cattle number that contains 65.35 million cattle populations. While there is a large milk cow population and favorable climatic conditions, self-sufficiency in milk production is low. The mean values of daily milk yield (DMY) range from 1 to2.8 liter/day with lactation length (LL) of 6.78 to 9.13 months for indigenous breeds, 6.5 to fifteen liters/day with lactation length of 7.52 to 11.67 months for crossbreed cows respectively. Both DMY and LL were significantly stricken by breed, parity, and year of calving. Challenges for dairying vary from one location to a distinct one. The foremost challenge that affects milk production performance of cattle in Oromia includes feed shortage, high feed cost, land shortage for farming of improved forage, insufficient veterinary services, no operational breeding strategy and policy, and low productivity of the indigenous cattle breeds are the foremost important factor limiting dairy products within the region. Therefore, to enhance these milk production performances of the dairy cow to determine genetic improvement policy, strategy, and breeding program and implement well management practices.
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McDonnell, R. P., M. vH Staines, B. E. Edmunds, and R. Morris. "Feeding management, production and performance of 13 pasture-based dairy farms in a Mediterranean environment." Animal Production Science 57, no. 9 (2017): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15768.
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Physical performance data from 13 dairy farms in Western Australia, six feeding all concentrate in the milking parlour and seven feeding a portion of concentrate in a partial mixed ration (PMR) with forage, were collected between March 2012 and June 2013. Each farm was visited 13 times at intervals of 4–6 weeks, and feed intake and milk production was recorded on each visit. Four farms had access to fresh pasture all year round via irrigation. Milk yield (MY) and composition data was calculated daily from milk processor records. Pasture dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated based on metabolisable energy supply and requirements according to published feeding standards. All milk and feed-related measures were significantly affected by visit date (P < 0.01). Mean annual concentrate intake and MY was 2082 ± 344 kg/cow and 7679 ± 684 kg/cow, respectively. Daily concentrate DMI was greatest in May 2012 (8.9 ± 2.2 kg/cow), near the end of the non-grazing season, and lowest in August 2012 (5.1 ± 1.5 kg/cow). On an average annual basis, PMR farms provided 22 ± 15% of total concentrate fed as part of a PMR, and 28 ± 11% of total concentrates and by-products fed as part of a PMR. Daily grazed pasture DMI was highest on all farms in September 2012 (12.9 ± 2.4 kg/cow), and averaged 6.6 kg/cow on the four irrigated farms between January and May. Daily yield of energy-corrected milk was highest in September 2012 (26.9 kg/cow) and lowest in January 2013 (21.9 kg/cow). Milk fat content was highest in summer and lowest in winter; the reverse was true of milk protein. Feed conversion efficiency was significantly affected by visit date, but mean feed conversion efficiency was the same (1.37) for in-parlour and PMR farms. Overall there was some evidence that PMR feeding systems on Western Australian dairy farms are not optimised to their full potential, but a high degree of variability in performance between all farms was also apparent.
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Christi, Raden Febrianto, H. Hermawan, and Lia Budimulyati Salman. "Distribution of Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle Populations in KUD Gemah Ripah Sukabumi, West Java for Milk Production of during Lactation, Daily Milk Production, and Fat Levels." Chalaza Journal of Animal Husbandry 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/chalaza.v5i1.1228.
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Dairy cows are a type of livestock that have been developed by contributing products in the form of milk as a provider of animal protein. The more dairy cow population, the higher the milk production produced. This study aims to determine the population of dairy farming in Gemah Ripah Sukabumi KUD, West Java, and to determine the amount of milk production during the lactation period, daily milk production, and fat content. The research method used was a survey by taking primary and secondary data in 2018 and then analyzed with simple statistics to determine the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of diversity. The results showed that the population of dairy cows was widespread in the Sukabumi area. Namely in the Barokah group in the Sukalarang sub-district, the Cikole group in the Sukaraja sub-district, the Cintaresmi group in the Sukalarang sub-district, the Priangan group in the Sukalarang sub-district, the rukun tani II in the sub-district of Sukalarang, the rukun tani III in Sukalja, sulanjana I in Sukalarang sub-district. Sukalarang sub-district, sulanjana II sub-group sukalarang sub-district, sukalarang talisaid sub-district, Darma Sancang group, Sukaraja group consisting of calves, young dairy cows, dairy cows, and bulls with average total milk production (362.7) 3627 liters/lactation, average the amount of daily milk production is 10.8 liters/head/day. The average fat content is 3.44%. The conclusion showed that the population of dairy cows that was in Gemah Ripah Cooperative Sukabumi District has a total of 776 heads. Consisting of calves, heifers, cow lactation, and males as well as having an average total milk production during the lactation period with 105 heads, which is 362.5 liters/lactation, the average daily milk production of 10.8 liters/head/day, with a fat content of 3.44%.
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BELL, M. J., P. C. GARNSWORTHY, A. W. STOTT, and J. E. PRYCE. "Effects of changing cow production and fitness traits on profit and greenhouse gas emissions of UK dairy systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 1 (September 9, 2014): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614000847.
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SUMMARYThe aim of the present study was to compare the effect of changing a range of biological traits on farm profit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent, CO2-eq.) in the UK dairy cow population. A Markov chain approach was used to describe the steady-state herd structure of the average milk-recorded UK dairy herd, as well as to estimate the CO2-eq. emissions per cow, and per kilogram of milk solids (MS). Effects of changing each herd production and fitness trait by one unit (e.g. 1 kg milk; 1% mastitis incidence) were assessed, with derived values for change in profit (economic values) being used in a multi-trait selection index. Of the traits studied, an increase in survival and reductions in milk volume, live weight, residual feed intake, somatic cell count, mastitis incidence, lameness incidence and calving interval were traits that would be both profitable and reduce CO2-eq. emissions per cow and per kg MS of a dairy herd. A multi-trait selection index was used to estimate the annual response in production and fitness traits and the economic response, with an estimate of annual profit per cow from selection on multiple traits. Milk volume, milk fat and protein yield, live weight, survival and dry matter intake were estimated to increase each year and body condition score, residual feed intake, somatic cell count, mastitis incidence, lameness incidence and calving interval were estimated to decrease, with selection on these traits estimated to result in an annual increase of 1% per year in GHG emissions per cow, but a reduction of 0·9% per unit product. Improved efficiencies of production associated with a reduction in milk volume (and increasing fat and protein content), live weight and feed intake (gross and metabolic efficiency, respectively), and increase in health, fertility and overall survival will increase farm annual profit of UK dairy systems and reduce their environmental impact.
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Duranovich, Federico, Nicolás López-Villalobos, Nicola Shadbolt, Ina Draganova, Ian Yule, and Stephen Morris. "The Deviation between Dairy Cow Metabolizable Energy Requirements and Pasture Supply on a Dairy Farm Using Proximal Hyperspectral Sensing." Agriculture 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030240.
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This study aimed at determining the extent to which the deviation of daily total metabolizable energy (MEt) requirements of individual cows from the metabolizable energy (ME) supplied per cow (DME) varied throughout the production season in a pasture-based dairy farm using proximal hyperspectral sensing (PHS). Herd tests, milk production, herbage and feed allocation data were collected during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 production seasons at Dairy 1, Massey University, New Zealand. Herbage ME was determined from canopy reflectance acquired using PHS. Orthogonal polynomials were used to model lactation curves for yields of milk, fat, protein and live weights of cows. Daily dietary ME supplied per cow to the herd and ME requirements of cows were calculated using the Agricultural Food and Research Council (AFRC) energy system of 1993. A linear model including the random effects of breed and cow was used to estimate variance components for DME. Daily herd MEt estimated requirements oscillated between a fifth above or below the ME supplied throughout the production seasons. DME was mostly explained by observations made within a cow rather than between cows or breeds. Having daily estimates of individual cow requirements for MEt in addition to ME dietary supply can potentially contribute to achieving a more precise fit between supply and demand for feed in a pasture-based dairy farm by devising feeding strategies aimed at reducing DME.
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Moreno-Fernández, Jorge, Javier Díaz-Castro, Maria J. M. Alférez, Silvia Hijano, Teresa Nestares, and Inmaculada López-Aliaga. "Production and chemical composition of two dehydrated fermented dairy products based on cow or goat milk." Journal of Dairy Research 83, no. 1 (February 2016): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029915000722.
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The aim of this study was to identify the differences between the main macro and micronutrients including proteins, fat, minerals and vitamins in cow and goat dehydrated fermented milks. Fermented goat milk had higher protein and lower ash content. All amino acids (except for Ala), were higher in fermented goat milk than in fermented cow milk. Except for the values of C11:0, C13:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:5, C22:5 and the total quantity of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, all the other fatty acid studied were significantly different in both fermented milks. Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Se were higher in fermented goat milk. Fermented goat milk had lower amounts of folic acid, vitamin E and C, and higher values of vitamin A, D3, B6and B12. The current study demonstrates the better nutritional characteristics of fermented goat milk, suggesting a potential role of this dairy product as a high nutritional value food.
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Tasripin, Didin S., Raden Febrianto Christi, and Dimas Dwi Biyantoro. "Produksi Susu dan Lama Laktasi Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein di PT Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan." Composite: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37577/composite.v2i1.184.
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The aim of this research was to know the production performance of Holstein Friesian dairy cow on first lactation based on milk production records and length of lactation. The research was done at PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan, West Java. A method of the research used descriptive analysis. Milk production and length lactation period on first lactation were used as production performance variable. The data obtained from 2011-2015 production record of 750 dairy cows on first lactation. Production performance of dairy cows on first lactation were have average daily milk production of 18,94 ± 3,74 Kg, 359,29 ± 81,14 days on length of lactation, 102,19 ± 65,27 days on peak production. The highest daily milk production of dairy cows in the first lactation period was 29,06 Kg, the smallest was 4,76 Kg, the longest length lactation was 872 days and the shortest was 195 days.
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JACQUOT, A. L., L. DELABY, D. POMIÉS, G. BRUNSCHWIG, and R. BAUMONT. "Dynamic model of milk production responses to grass-based diet variations during grazing and indoor housing." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 4 (January 28, 2015): 689–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614001336.
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SUMMARYDairy cow systems based on grassland utilization are characterized by a variation of harvested forage quality from 1 year to another and a fluctuation of grass availability and quality during the pasture season. Consequently, the energy supplied by the diet – i.e., concentrates plus hay or silage in winter and grazing in summer, may not always match animal requirements. A modelling approach enables a representation of the complex relationships between the cow and pasture as they interact. A dynamic model of intake and milk production, focused on grassland utilization by the dairy cow, has been developed. The model operates in a deterministic fashion with a daily time step and is capable of dealing with a day-to-day variation in grass availability and quality at grazing as well as a constant feeding regime during the winter. The model has been built based on the theory that milk production is a result of (i) the energy requirements defined by the potential milk production and physiological status of dairy cows; (ii) the variation of energy supply by the diet; (iii) the ability of dairy cows to mobilize or store body reserves. The model was validated by comparing milk production predictions with experimental data (two groups of dairy cows in the winter time and one group at grazing). The model demonstrates a satisfactory range of accuracy (root-mean-square deviation equal to 1·8, 2·1 and 1·4 kg/cow/day). Model validations indicate that milk production predictions are sensitive to the diet offered (forage, grass and concentrate supply) and depend on dairy cow characteristics and their requirements (pMP). This model can be connected to a grass growth model in order to develop whole farm simulations.
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Halász, András, and Edit Jónás. "Optimised dairy cow feeding economy in Hungary." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 8, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2014): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2014/2-3/8.
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High yielder cows optimal feeding is always a major question in farm management. We attempted to find the optimal yield- and weight group in a Holstein_Freisian herd. Handled more than 2000 milk record samples and concluded that the optimal body weight is about 600-650 kg. Also step up from medium yielder to high yielder is more cost efficient than pushing the milk production over 30 kg milk daily. Our results show that fitness traits and body scores are major factors and every 50 kg of extra weight rises the forage cost in average of 0,11 €cents. The mid-weight cows produce 25 kg of milk daily but the herds are very heterogeneous. The solution should be smaller cows, homogeneous herds and optimized feeding.
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McAuliffe, Stephen, John F. Mee, Eva Lewis, Norann Galvin, and Deirdre Hennessy. "Feeding System Effects on Dairy Cow Rumen Function and Milk Production." Animals 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12040523.
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Good rumen function, which is largely influenced by the diet of the cow, is essential to optimise animal performance. This study, conducted over the course of a full lactation in a spring-calving milk production system, compared the rumen function and milk production of cows offered one of three dietary treatments: (1) Cows grazing grass-only swards receiving 250 kg nitrogen (N)/ha/year (Grass), (2) Cows grazing grass-white clover swards receiving 250 kg N/ha/year (Grass-Clover), and (3) Cows offered a total mixed ration diet and housed indoors (TMR). Treatment significantly affected milk production; milk yield and milk solids yield were generally highest on the TMR treatment. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH. However, treatment significantly altered the rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA), and ammonia and lactic acid profiles. Clover inclusion in the sward led to higher (p < 0.05) total VFA and ammonia concentrations compared to the Grass and TMR treatments. The increased rumen ammonia concentration was associated with a significantly greater milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content in the milk from cows fed on Grass-Clover, indicating a greater excess of dietary protein in that treatment. It was concluded that a clover-based dairy cow feeding system could significantly alter rumen function, milk composition and milk yield.
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ADU, I. F., A. B. J. AINA, A. O. FANIMO, A. IDOWU, K. A. OKELEYE, and A. B. AROMOLARAN. "PERI-URBAN DAIRY PRODUCTION IN OGUN STATE." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 25, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v25i1.2259.
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Peri-urban dairy production was assessed in sixty-nine settlements from five Local Government Areas of Ogun State. Majority of the household heads were Fulani from Kwara State. The mean herd size was 12 while the predominant breeds were the Bunaji and Keteku. Calves suckle their dams until weaning at an average of 8.3 months. Estimates of extractable milk from each cow ranged from 227 to 816 liters per loctation. About 85.2% of the extractable milk is processed into wet soft cheese (Wara). Trypanosomiasis and diarrhea were the commonly reported disease problems. Improved feeding and health management of cattle would improve the current level of milk production Ogun State
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Polidori, Paolo, Natalina Cammertoni, Giuseppe Santini, Yulia Klimanova, Jing-Jing Zhang, and Silvia Vincenzetti. "Nutritional Properties of Camelids and Equids Fresh and Fermented Milk." Dairy 2, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy2020024.
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Milk is considered a complete food because all of the nutrients important to fulfill a newborn’s daily requirements are present, including vitamins and minerals, ensuring the correct growth rate. A large amount of global milk production is represented by cow, goat, and sheep milks; these species produce about 87% of the milk available all over the world. However, the milk obtained by minor dairy animal species is a basic food and an important family business in several parts of the world. Milk nutritional properties from a wide range of minor dairy animal species have not been totally determined. Hot temperatures and the lack of water and feed in some arid and semi-arid areas negatively affect dairy cows; in these countries, milk supply for local nomadic populations is provided by camels and dromedaries. The nutritional quality in the milk obtained from South American camelids has still not been completely investigated, the possibility of creating an economic resource for the people living in the Andean highlands must be evaluated. Both mare and donkey milks show a chemical composition very similar to human milk, and they represent a good replacer of cows’ milk for infants nutrition, especially for children affected by cow milk proteins allergy. In this review, differences and similarities in the quality parameters of milk from minor dairy animals, such as camelids and equids, have been compared.
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Daros, Ruan R., José A. Bran, Maria J. Hötzel, and Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk. "Readily Available Water Access is Associated with Greater Milk Production in Grazing Dairy Herds." Animals 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9020048.
Full textAbstract:
In this cross-sectional study, we measured the association between water provision and milk production on intensively managed small-scale grazing dairy herds. Farms (n = 53) were categorized according to water provision as follows: (1) Restricted—cows did not have access to a water trough while on pasture; and (2) Unrestricted—cows had free access to a water trough while on pasture. Herd main breed and feeding practices were included in a model to assess the effect of water provision category on farm average milk yield/cow/d. The effect of pasture condition and environmental variables on milk production were also assessed, however were not retained on the final model. Herds provided with unrestricted access to drinking water produced on average 1.7 L more milk per cow/d (p = 0.03) than herds with restricted access to drinking water. Predominantly Holstein herds produced 2.8 L more milk per cow/d (p < 0.01) than non-Holstein herds. Each extra kg of concentrate offered per day increased milk yield by 1.1 L/cow/d (p < 0.01). In conclusion, providing free access to drinking water while grazing was associated with greater milk production.
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Ghazouani, Amira, Naceur Mhamdi, Ibrahim-El-Akram Znaidi, Cyrine Darej, Norchene Guoiaa, Maroua Hasnaoui, Rachid Bouraoui, and Hajer Mhamdi. "Life cycle analysis of raw milk production in Tunisia." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 10 (2018): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051005.
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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of dairy production. A survey was conducted in 20 dairy farms at the governorate of Sousse. The present study aimed to evaluate environmental impact of milk production at the farm regarding GHG emission and energy consumption. In the 20 dairy farms total GHG emissions resulted in a mean of 0.63 +/- 0.2 kg CH4/kg ECM and forage can contribute with a means 0.35 Le kg CO2eq/DM. The main reductions in GHG emissions per kg of FPCM started from 2,347 kg per cow per year and then the reduction slowed down to stabilize at around 6,127 kg FPCM per cow per year.
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Mohsenimanesh, Ahmad, Etienne L. LeRiche, Robert Gordon, Steve Clarke, Ronald D. MacDonald, Ian MacKinnon, and Andrew C. VanderZaag. "Review: Dairy Farm Electricity Use, Conservation, and Renewable Production—A Global Perspective." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 5 (2021): 977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14621.
Full textAbstract:
Highlights Studies of electricity use were reviewed, representing five continents. Considering all farm types, electricity use averaged 7.7 kWh 100 kg-1 milk and 612 kWh cow-1 y-1. Pasture-based dairy systems used less electricity than barn-based systems (475 vs. 769 kWh cow-1 y-1). By combining several conservation technologies there is potential to reduce electricity demand by one-third. Dairy farms can reach net zero electricity by combining renewable energy production with conservation. Abstract. This review summarizes electricity use on dairy farms, with a focus on how energy is used, energy use indices (EUI), conservation strategies, and generation of renewable energy to reach net zero. EUI of electricity consumption varied between the identified studies primarily based on farm management system (confined, pasture-based), housing type (tie-stall, free-stall), and region (North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania). The highest electricity usage was associated with milking and milk cooling systems, which, on average, accounted for 23% and 22% of total electricity use, respectively. Energy use scaled per cow (EUIc) was lower, on average, for pasture-based dairy systems than for confined systems (475 vs. 769 kWh cow-1 y-1). Considering milk production, the average EUI scaled to milk (EUIm) was lower for pasture-based systems (6.6 kWh 100 kg-1) than for confined systems 9.2 kWh 100 kg-1. Considering all non-irrigated farm types, EUIm averaged 7.7 kWh 100 kg-1 and EUIc averaged 612 kWh cow-1 y-1. There was a large range of EUI, with higher values associated with automated milking systems and irrigation. Electricity consumption by the global dairy sector (excluding irrigation) was estimated using the average EUIm at approximately 64.2 TWh y-1. The main conservation technologies include variable speed drives (milk vacuum pumps, milking systems, fans), pre-cool heat exchangers, refrigeration heat recovery systems, energy-efficient light fixtures (compact fluorescents, light emitting diodes), and efficient ventilation (high-volume low-speed fans). Theoretical savings of up to 32% overall could be achieved by combining several technologies. Feedback from electricity monitoring can inform dairy farmers of their energy use pattern to guide decisions to reduce consumption. Tools for predicting energy use and related costs on dairy farms, which can indicate potential energy savings from operational changes, were reviewed. By combining conservation methods with renewable energy from biogas or solar, many dairy farms can produce enough electricity to reach net zero electricity. For example, a hypothetical barn-based 250 milking-cow dairy farm consumed 1021 kWh cow-1 y-1, on average, and could produce approximately 1095 kWh cow-1 y-1 using a biodigester or 960 kWh cow-1 y-1 using rooftop photovoltaic solar panels. Keywords: Conservation, Dairy footprint, Electricity use, Electricity partitioning, Energy utilization index, Renewable energy.
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Glavić, Midhat, Amir Zenunović, and Aleksandra Budiša. "The Production, Purchase and Processing of Milk in Bosnia and Herzegovina." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 18, no. 3 (January 12, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1703187g.
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The aim of this research was to determine the actual data available to the dairies and to compare them with the statistical data. The actual data obtained from dairy can be used for further research and development of the dairy sector. Dominant production system in BiH are small farms (3‒5 cows) dealing with mixed livestock production, with the primary goal of self-sufficiency of which only 3.5% are farms with more than 20 dairy cows. The data used in the paper were derived from statistical agencies, as well as own research in the 7 largest milk processors in B&H (purchase about 86.10% of total milk in B&H). The number of dairy farmers of these 7 largest milk producers was 9.865 in 2015 (and 15.311 in 2012), who owned a total of 49.865 dairy cows in 2015 (42.364 in 2012). Average per producers of raw milk was 5.05 cows in 2015 (or 2.77 cow per producer in 2012). Average milk production per dairy cow was 4.149 L in 2015 (and 4.026 L in 2012). E‒class quality of milk is only 77% from the deliverables milk and 68% from the number of samples.
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Tian, Xingzhou, and Qi Lu. "Anthocyanins in Dairy Cow Nutrition: A Review." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111806.
Full textAbstract:
Oxidative stress is a condition in dairy cows characterized by an imbalance of prooxidants and antioxidants, abnormally high levels of free radicals, or a decline in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Moreover, dairy cows are more inclined to oxidative stress status, which causes damage to the body and DNA damage resulting in a decline in antioxidant potential. Anthocyanins are effective antioxidants and free radical scavengers derived from fruit, purple corn, and other purple plants in nature. Many studies have shown that anthocyanins have favorable antioxidation effects in dairy cows and prevent lipid oxidation to improve milk quality. Accordingly, in the present paper, we mainly review (1) the definition of anthocyanins and the possible absorption and metabolic pathways; (2) the effect of anthocyanins on rumen fermentation parameters and methane production; (3) the mechanism by which anthocyanins enhance antioxidant potential and alleviate oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and regulating signalling pathways; and (4) the effect of anthocyanins on milk production and milk lipid oxidation in dairy cows. This paper may provide an important rationale for the modulation of dairy cow health and productivity by anthocyanins in the future.
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Merino, V. M., O. A. Balocchi, and R. G. Pulido. "Pasture condition and milk production by grazing dairy cows as affected by daily herbage-allowance restriction." Animal Production Science 59, no. 8 (2019): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17425.
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Daily herbage allowance is recognised as the main tool to control pasture utilisation and milk production per cow. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of daily herbage allowance (DHA) on pasture characteristics and milk production of dairy cows. Forty-four dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design by considering two levels of DHA (20 and 30 kg DM/cow.day) and two types of supplements (high-moisture maize and maize silage) over a 77-day period. Pre- and post-grazing herbage masses, vertical distribution of herbage mass, species density, botanical and chemical composition, sward depletion and changes in morphological components of the pasture were measured. The effect of DHA on soil compaction was evaluated on the basis of the penetration resistance. Milk production and composition levels, bodyweights and body condition scores were recorded. Post-grazing residual declined as the level of DHA decreased, while grazing efficiency increased from 39.8% to 44.8%. We found no effects of DHA on any pasture characteristics, pasture regrowth or soil compaction. Low-DHA conditions induced a faster sward-height reduction, while the herbage mass remained unaffected. Individual milk production decreased with DHA. However, milk outputs per hectare increased by 2772 L/ha. Milk composition, bodyweight and body condition score were not affected by DHA. The results showed that DHA restriction decreases milk production per cow while increasing both herbage utilisation and milk production per hectare, without affecting long-term pasture condition.
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Dallago, Gabriel M., Kevin M. Wade, Roger I. Cue, J. T. McClure, René Lacroix, Doris Pellerin, and Elsa Vasseur. "Keeping Dairy Cows for Longer: A Critical Literature Review on Dairy Cow Longevity in High Milk-Producing Countries." Proceedings 73, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ieca2020-08827.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of dairy farmers to keep their cows for longer could positively enhance the economic performance of farms, reduce the environmental footprint of the milk industry, and provide overall help in justifying a sustainable use of animals for food production. However, there is little yet published on the current status of cow longevity and we hypothesized that a reason may be a lack of standardization and an over narrow focus of the longevity measure itself. The objectives of this critical literature review were: (1) to review the metrics used to measure dairy cow longevity in order to determine those most commonly employed; (2) to describe the status of longevity in high milk-producing countries. Current metrics are limited to either the length of time the animal remains in the herd or if it is alive at a given time. To overcome such a limitation, dairy cow longevity should be first defined as an animal having an early age at first calving and a long productive life spent in profitable milk production. Combining age at first calving, length of productive life, and margin overall costs would provide a more comprehensive evaluation of longevity by covering both early life conditions and the length of time the animal remains in the herd once it starts to contribute to the farm revenues, as well as overall animal health and quality of life. In addition, this review confirms that dairy cow longevity has decreased in most high milk-producing countries over time and its relationship with milk yield is not straight forward. Increasing cow longevity by reducing involuntary culling would cut health costs, increase cow lifetime profitability, improve animal welfare, and could contribute towards a more sustainable dairy industry while optimizing dairy farmers’ efficiency in the overall use of resources available.
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Dallago, Gabriel M., Kevin M. Wade, Roger I. Cue, J. T. McClure, René Lacroix, Doris Pellerin, and Elsa Vasseur. "Keeping Dairy Cows for Longer: A Critical Literature Review on Dairy Cow Longevity in High Milk-Producing Countries." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 13, 2021): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030808.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of dairy farmers to keep their cows for longer could positively enhance the economic performance of the farms, reduce the environmental footprint of the milk industry, and overall help in justifying a sustainable use of animals for food production. However, there is little published on the current status of cow longevity and we hypothesized that a reason may be a lack of standardization and an over narrow focus of the longevity measure itself. The objectives of this critical literature review were: (1) to review metrics used to measure dairy cow longevity; (2) to describe the status of longevity in high milk-producing countries. Current metrics are limited to either the length of time the animal remains in the herd or if it is alive at a given time. To overcome such a limitation, dairy cow longevity should be defined as an animal having an early age at first calving and a long productive life spent in profitable milk production. Combining age at first calving, length of productive life, and margin over all costs would provide a more comprehensive evaluation of longevity by covering both early life conditions and the length of time the animal remains in the herd once it starts to contribute to the farm revenues, as well as the overall animal health and quality of life. This review confirms that dairy cow longevity has decreased in most high milk-producing countries over time and its relationship with milk yield is not straight forward. Increasing cow longevity by reducing involuntary culling would cut health costs, increase cow lifetime profitability, improve animal welfare, and could contribute towards a more sustainable dairy industry while optimizing dairy farmers’ efficiency in the overall use of resources available.
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Tiwari, MR, PK Jha, SR Pant, MP Acharya, P. Thapa, and BK Shrestha. "Effect of bypass protein supplement on milk production in Jersey cow." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 47, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v47i2.40253.
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Bypass protein is known to stimulate the voluntary feed intake, increase quality milk production and thereby improve economic status from dairy cows farming. This study was conducted to compare the responses of additional bypass protein as feed supplement on milk production performance in Jersey dairy cows, and its cost benefits per L of milk production. A total of 12 lactating Jersey dairy cows, apparently having similar reproductive and productive performances were selected. The cows were randomly grouped into 3 treatments groups; T1 (Control): 6 kg concentrate mixture, T2: 6 kg concentrate mixture plus 1.5 kg heat-treated soybean cake, and T3: 6 kg concentrate mixture plus 1.5 kg formalin treated soybean cake. An acclimatization period of 7 days, the experimental procedure was carried for the period of 62 days. Other management; feeding - adlib amount of straw and green grass such as oat, signal and local grass once a day, natural grazing average 3 hrs/ day), watering and housing remained as routinely done by the farm. The compound feed was procured from Fine Feeds Industries Pvt. Ltd., Chitwan, Nepal. Feed intake and milk production of individual animal was recorded daily. The straw and concentrate intake of experimental cows among the treatment groups differed significantly (P<0.001), whereas green grass intake among the diet groups differed insignificantly. The initial recorded milk production 5.4 L, 5.45 L and 5.62 L among the treatment groups found insignificant, whereas the final milk production 7.85 L, 6.12 L and 5.82 L among the treatment groups found highly significant (P<0.001). The economic analysis (its cost benefits per L of milk production) during the period of 62 days of experimentation, it was revealed that feeding package T2 is more beneficial than T3. The net income accounted for NRs 12152.11 and NRs 7457. 55 using T2 and T3 feeding package, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that heat-treated soybean cake supplementation to early lactating (up to 3 months) dairy cows is one of the option to increase milk production and income of farmers. Further study needed to be carried out to ascertain the optimum level and duration of additional protein supplementation to dairy cows.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (2): 98-104
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Attia, Khaoula, Ikram ben Souf, Cyrine Darej, Naceur M’Hamdi, Refka Khattab, Ibrahim El-Akrem Znaidi, Hichem Khemiri, Moncef Kthiri, and Rachid Bouraoui. "Heat stress in the Tunisian Holstein dairy cow: effects on production performance." JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 4, Special (June 16, 2022): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56027/joasd.spiss232022.
Full textAbstract:
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of heat stress exhibited by Holstein’s dairy cows under Tunisian temperate climate. Milk, fat, protein, and somatic cell count test-day records collected between 2013 and 2019 from 947 cows in 23 herds were combined with THI calculated from meteorological data recorded between 2013 and 2019. The nonlinear model of Wood was applied to modelling lactation curve. Analysis of variance was applied to test the effects of three level of THI (THI>72; 68<THI<72 and THI>72) on milk production, its composition and lactation curve parameters. Results showed losses due to heat stress. A decrease in milk yield and fat and protein percentage was reported. So, fat and proteins yields tended to decrease steadily with increasing values of THI. Milk yield ranged from 17,882±0,064 (68<THI<72) to 16,503 ±0,035 kg/j (THI>72), fat and proteins percentage ranged from 3,551 ± 0,041 to 3,449 ±0,026 and from 3,246 ±0,031%, to 3,113 (0,029) for 68<THI<72 and THI>72, respectively. Somatic score patterns were marked by increased (from 4,143 to 4,358) at highest ranges of THI>72, and decreased values (from 4,143 to 3,857) at lowest ranges of THI. The effect of THI was highly significant (P <0.05) for all parameters of the lactation curve and milk yield. The highest peak milk yields and the highest total yield of 305 days of lactation (Y305) were achieved by cows exposed to THI between 68 and 72.
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Ibishi, Lindita, Arben Musliu, Blerta Mehmedi, Agim Rexhepi, Curtic R. Youngs, and Behlul Behluli. "Economic losses due to clinical lameness in Kosovo dairy cattle." Veterinarska stanica 53, no. 3 (October 13, 2021): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.53.3.4.
Full textAbstract:
The health of dairy cows is an important factor affecting the profitability of dairy farms worldwide, and lameness is regarded as one of the most costly dairy cattle diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic cost of cow lameness among Kosovo dairy farms. Data collected from 56 dairy farms were analysed with a farm-level stochastic (Monte Carlo) simulation model to estimate the cost of lameness. Lameness-associated sources of economic loss examined within the model included: reduced milk production, treatment cost, discarded milk, reduced cow body weight, and premature culling. Results showed that prevalence of lameness among cows on Kosovo dairy farms ranged from 17% to 39%. The average annual cost of lameness was estimated at €338.57 per farm (or €46.25 per cow). Reduced milk production was the largest financial contribution to the cost of lameness (45% of total economic loss) followed by premature culling (31% of total economic loss). Discarded milk, reduced cow body weight, and cost of treatment each contributed approximately 8% to the total economic loss. These findings indicate that dairy farmers need to be more cognizant of the financial losses associated with lameness and should be encouraged to implement management strategies to reduce lameness as a means of enhancing farm profitability.
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Fujiwara, Mayumi, Marie J. Haskell, Alastair I. Macrae, and Kenneth M. D. Rutherford. "Survey of dry cow management on UK commercial dairy farms." Veterinary Record 183, no. 9 (June 15, 2018): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104755.
Full textAbstract:
Dry period management of the dairy cow focuses on maximising milk production during the subsequent lactation but may include procedures that negatively affect dry cow health and welfare. A survey of dairy farmers in the UK was conducted to investigate dry cow management procedures. The questionnaire was completed by 148 farmers. Most farms (84 per cent) kept dry cows in dynamic social groups. The median length of the dry period was 56 days, and 83 per cent of farms stopped milking abruptly, regardless of milk production level at dry-off. Twenty-seven per cent of cows from respondent farms produced more than 20 kg of milk per day at dry-off. The majority of farms (78 per cent) used antibiotic dry cow intramammary tubes at dry-off, in combination with internal or external teat sealants. Procedures that were commonly practised and potentially stressful for dry cows included abrupt cessation of milking of high yielding cows and frequent changes in diet and social environment.
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Doyle, P. T., C. R. Stockdale, M. L. Jenkin, G. P. Walker, F. R. Dunshea, P. M. Shields, and A. McKenna. "Producing milk with uniform high selenium concentrations on commercial dairy farms." Animal Production Science 51, no. 2 (2011): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10133.
Full textAbstract:
Six herds on five commercial dairy farms were involved in the production of high selenium (Se) milk. The farms had a range of herd sizes, herd structures, feeding systems and milk production per cow. On all farms, pelleted concentrate supplements containing Se yeast were fed twice daily in the dairy for 16 days. The objectives were to: (1) produce milk with Se concentrations exceeding 225 μg/kg on the five farms for pilot-scale production of a high protein milk powder; (2) validate a predictive relationship between Se intake and milk Se concentration developed in research; and (3) examine the time taken from the introduction of Se yeast to steady-state concentrations of Se in milk under a range of commercial farming conditions. We hypothesised that the relationship between Se intake and its concentration in milk found in research would apply on commercial farms. Daily Se intake, which was primarily from Se yeast in the pelleted concentrates, varied from 35 to 51 mg Se/cow. Grazed pasture and conserved forage contributed less than 1 mg Se/cow on all farms. The time taken from the introduction of pellets containing Se yeast to steady-state milk Se concentrations was 4–7 days. The steady-state Se concentrations in milk varied from 166 to 247 µg/kg, but these concentrations were only 55–72% of predicted values. All the milk produced from the five farms on the last 2 days of feeding of Se-enriched pellets was used to produce a milk protein concentrate with a Se concentration of 5.4 mg/kg. Factors that might have affected Se incorporation into milk and the implications of these results for commercial production of high Se milk or milk products are discussed.
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Sumarmono, J. "Current goat milk production, characteristics, and utilization in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1041, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012082.
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Abstract In Indonesia and some southeast Asian countries, the number of goats raised for milk production is growing. In these countries, goat milk is the second most produced and consumed milk after cow milk. In Indonesia, dairy goats’ development is promising, but the farming of dairy goats and marketing milk products is still scattered and unstructured. The milk is produced from varieties of goat breeds, including Peranakan Etawa, Saanen, Nubian, and their crosses. Goat milk has unique and distinct characteristics and is an excellent source of nutrients for humans. Compared to cow milk, it has smaller fat globules, more homogenous, shorter rennet coagulation time, and softer curd. Goat milk utilization includes fluid milk for direct consumption; frozen fresh milk; dried or powdered milk; fermented milk products such as yogurt, kefir, including its derivatives such as cosmetics, concentrated yogurt, yogurt cheese, ice cream, shakes; cheeses such as fresh cottage-type cheese, acid-coagulated cheese and mozzarella; and also, other traditional products such as sweets & candies and caramels. The development of dairy goats and goat milk consumption is driven by several factors, including the low cost for start-up and production, consumers’ demand, alleged health properties of goat milk, and varieties of products.
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Sakwa, BN, JO Ondiek, AM King’ori, and OA Ndambi. "Effects of fodder conservation and ration formulation interventions on dairy performance in Kenya." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v10i2.51580.
Full textAbstract:
Use of conserved forages and proper ration formulation has great potential to bridge the gap in dairy nutrition and reduce seasonal variations in milk yield. This study determined the effects of various fodder and ration formulation interventions on dairy farm performance in North Rift, Eastern, and Central regions of Kenya. Seventy-two farms were purposively selected as participating farms and assigned into six groups of twelve as follows: two groups on silage production, two groups on ration formulation, and two control groups having similar production systems and in the same geographical locations as the other groups. Data on daily dry matter feed intake and milk yield were recorded while laboratory analysis was done to determine milk butterfat and protein content. The data was analyzed using a multi-linear regression model to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results showed that farmers using feed rationing with advisory services had the highest average daily milk yield (19.7 kg/cow) compared to maize train silage (16.8 kg/cow) and those with silage support from Service Provider Enterprises (SPE) (13.3 kg/cow) (P<0.05). Daily dry matter feed intake/cow varied significantly across the interventions as well as feed utilization efficiency (P<0.05). Milk butterfat and milk protein content did not differ (P>0.05) across the interventions. In conclusion, use of maize train silage and feed rationing with advisory services increased milk yield and reduced seasonal milk fluctuation.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 76-83, December 2020
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Rethmeier, Jörn, Michael Wenzlau, Martin Wagner, Steffi Wiedemann, and Lisa Bachmann. "Fertility parameters in German dairy herds: Associations with milk yield and herd size." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 11 (December 6, 2019): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/206/2019-cjas.
Full textAbstract:
Fertility in dairy cows has decreased over the last fifty years while milk production per cow has increased. Furthermore, dairy herds become larger resulting in fewer employees per cow, which might also influence reproductive performance. To elucidate the situation in Germany, selected parameters (conception rate, service rate, pregnancy rate, days to first insemination and days open) were studied using data on 148 herds. For statistical analysis the herds were categorized concerning milk yield: (1) < 30 kg, (2) 30‒35 kg, and (3) > 35 kg/cow/day as well as concerning herd size: (1) < 200, (2) 200‒400, (3) 400‒1000 and (4) > 1000 milking cows. There was no difference in conception rate among herds. That means on dairy farms of larger size or with high milk yield the chance of an inseminated cow to become pregnant is the same as in small herds or in herds with low milk yield. Small herds (< 200 cows) had lower pregnancy rates than larger herds (200–400 cows). The pregnancy rate in herds with different milk yield was not statistically different. Though there was a trend that dairy farms with higher milk yield (> 30 kg) had higher pregnancy rates. The statistical differences and trends of pregnancy rates are due to higher service rate in larger herds as well as in herds with high milk yield. Therefore, service rate is the key factor for high reproductive performance on dairy farms. Poor fertility is not associated with high milk yield on herd basis or large herd size but may represent inappropriate farm management.
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Ellis, KA, K. Billington, B. McNeil, and DEF McKeegan. "Public opinion on UK milk marketing and dairy cow welfare." Animal Welfare 18, no. 3 (August 2009): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096272860000052x.
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AbstractInterview questionnaires were administered to the general public in central Scotland and northern England during summer 2007 to investigate consumer awareness of UK dairy production methods, welfare issues and recognition of ‘quality assurance’ product logos. Fifty percent of respondents gave UK dairy animal welfare a positive rating. Recognition of individual quality assurance logos was poor and 75% of respondents stated that they did not intentionally seek to buy products with any of the logos. Respondents’ perceptions of good dairy welfare included: appropriate feeding, good stockmanship, plenty of space, freedom to roam/free range and environmental cleanliness. Half of respondents felt they were poorly informed about food production and the majority of respondents (68%) would like more information on food production. Respondents believed that information on animal welfare provided by veterinarians and farmers would be reliable. Most respondents (93%) said they would pay more for good dairy welfare. The findings show that the general public are interested in animal welfare but could be better informed on dairy animal production and welfare. Veterinarians and farmers may have a potentially important role in providing this information with increasing demand for higher welfare provenance products potentially helping to improve animal welfare.
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Kramarenko, S. S., N. I. Kuzmichova, and A. S. Kramarenko. "Analysis of Genotype × Environment Interaction for milk production in dairy cow." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 89 (November 11, 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8905.
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Genotype by environment interaction was studied with 526 lactation milk records of Red Steppe dairy cows maintained at State Enterprise “Breeding reproducer “Stepove” (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine). The analyses in this study were based on the milk yields of cow per 1st–10th month (M1–M10) and per 305 day for complete lactations (Y305). We tested the hypotheses that milk performance were influenced by the sire (factor “Sire”), by number of lactation (factor “NoL”), by of cow’s year of born (factor “Generation”) and by the season of calving (factor “SoC”). The data were analysed with the “Variance components” and the “ANOVA/MANOVA” modules of statistical software STATISTICA (StatSoft Inc, USA). Experimental cows originated from five sires. The effect of the sire was significantly expressed in milk yield from the 2nd to 7th month of lactation (in all cases: P < 0.001–0.024) and Y305 (P = 0.011). The 12-year period studied (year of cow’s birth from 2001 to 2011) was classified into four periods as follows: G1 – 2001–2003, G2 – 2004–2006, G3 – 2007–2009 and G4 – 2010–2011. Year of birth (factor “Generation”) had significant (in all cases: P < 0.001–0.044) effect on all traits studied (but not on M7–M8). All cows were divided according to the season of calving (SoC): winter (December to February), spring (March to May), summer (June to August) and autumn (September to November). The production of milk for M1–M2, M4–M8 and M10 (but not for 305 day lactation) statistically differed according to the season of calving (in all cases: P < 0.05). From the study results, a significant relationship was found between the milk yield and lactation number, with the maximum milk yield occurring in the third lactation cows (pattern 1 < 2 < 3 = 4+). Milk yields from the M1 to M6 month of lactation (in all cases: P < 0.001–0.017) and Y305 (P < 0.001) were statistically different between cows according to the number of lactation. Cow’s lactation number, year of birth and calving season causes differences in the shape and persistency of lactation curve. Genotype by environment interactions for lactation number and cow’s year of birth can be result in re-ranking of sire between the different environments.
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Winsten, Jonathan R., Robert L. Parsons, and Gregory D. Hanson. "A Profitability Analysis of Dairy Feeding Systems in the Northeast." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 29, no. 2 (October 2000): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500005359.
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This study analyzes the use and profitability of three distinct feeding systems; confinement feeding, traditional grazing, and management-intensive grazing from a randomly selected sample of northeastern dairy farms. The confinement feeding farms were significantly larger and produced more milk per cow, while the farms using management-intensive grazing incurred the lowest production costs. Both confinement feeding and management-intensive grazing generated significantly higher rates of return to farm assets relative to farms using a mixed system. Multiple regression analysis confirms the critical importance of herd size, milk production per cow, debt level and veterinary expenses to farm profitability in all production systems.
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Duranovich, Federico, Nicola Shadbolt, Ina Draganova, Nicolas López-Villalobos, Ian Yule, and Stephen Morris. "The Relative Importance of Herbage Nutritive Value and Climate in Determining Daily Performance per Cow in a Pasture-Based Dairy Farm." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050444.
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The objective of this study was to assess the relative importance of herbage nutritive value (NV), herbage quantity and climate-related factors in determining daily performance per cow in a pasture-based dairy farm. Data on milk production, live weight, body condition score, weather, herbage NV and herbage quantity were regularly collected from August 2016 to April 2017 and from July 2017 to April 2018 at Dairy 1, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results indicated herbage NV was of higher relative importance in explaining the variation in performance per cow than herbage quantity and climate factors. The relative importance of the interaction between herbage metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) on explaining variation in yields of milk, fat and protein was high (0.11 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.15). Herbage ME was of high relative importance in determining milk urea and body condition score, while neutral detergent fiber was a key driver of milk urea and liveweight (0.12 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.16). The quantity of herbage supplied at Dairy 1 might have been high enough to not limit cow performance. Developing feeding strategies aimed at improving the efficiency of cow feeding by exploiting the daily variation in herbage NV to better match supply and demand of nutrients may be useful to improve the overall performance per cow of pasture-based dairy farms.
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Albenzio, Marzia, Antonella Santillo, Donatella Esterina Russo, Mariangela Caroprese, Rosaria Marino, and Agostino Sevi. "Influence of milk quality and production protocol on proteolysis and lipolysis in Monti Dauni Meridionali Caciocavallo cheese." Journal of Dairy Research 77, no. 4 (May 19, 2010): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029910000269.
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of milk source and of cheese production protocol on proteolytic and lipolytic pattern of cheese during ripening. The study involved six dairy factories located in Monti Dauni Meridionali area of Southern Italy; three dairy factories processed the milk produced by their own cow herds, while the other three dairy factories processed the milk collected in other dairy farms located in the neighbouring area. Cow milk processed to cheese had different nutritional parameters and hygienic quality. Caciocavallo cheese showed differences in the evolution of proteolysis during ripening and in the intensity of the lipolytic process detected at the end of ripening. The main factors influencing Caciocavallo cheese features were the quality of the starting milk, differences in technological steps such as milk heating, type of starter cultures and coagulant used.
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Poole, C., D. J. Donaghy, R. R. White, and J. R. Roche. "Association among pasture-level variables and dairy cow responses to supplements." Animal Production Science 60, no. 1 (2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18581.
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In grazing systems, the marginal milk-production response to additional feed (i.e. supplement) is dependent on the relative feed deficit of the cow. We hypothesised that the relative feed deficit could be defined by post-grazing residual (PGR), with a greater PGR indicating a smaller relative feed deficit. The objective of our study, therefore, was to determine the relationship between post-grazing residual and the marginal milk-production response to supplements. We undertook a computerised literature search utilising keywords associated with grazing systems and supplementary feed. We collated data from 26 experiments and 90 treatments, wherein pasture-level, supplementary-feed, and milk-production variables were reported. A meta-analysis was undertaken using random coefficient regression fitted as a mixed model to determine the marginal milk-production response to supplements. On average, pasture DM intake declined (P < 0.001; –0.28 kg/kg supplement DM) and milk, fat and protein yields increased (P < 0.001; 0.64 kg, 20 g and 30 g/kg supplement DM respectively) with an increased supplement use. For every kilogram of DM supplement consumed, PGR pasture height and mass increased by 1.4 mm and 42 kg DM/ha. Associated with every 10-mm increase in post-grazing pasture height in the control treatment, marginal milk response declined (P < 0.05) by 9%. These results will enable farmers to use the change in PGR when feeding supplements, to estimate likely marginal milk-production response to supplementary feeds.
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Dobos, RC, WJ Fulkerson, and PJ Michell. "Effects on milk production of feeding wheat supplements to grazing dairy cows in early lactation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 1 (1987): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870041.
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Two herds, each of 19 Friesian cows, were run on separate farmlets in north-western Tasmania. One herd (NW) grazed pasture only, and was estimated to be receiving 75% of potential intake, while the second herd (W) received 3.0 kg coarsely hammermilled wheat per cow, daily for 42 days during early lactation in addition to pasture. Although the feeding of wheat increased total feed intake, there was no significant difference between the groups in either daily milk yield (21.5 v. 21.8 L cow-1), milk fat yield (1.1 v. 1.09 kg cow-1), liveweight change (0.05 v. -0.2 kg cow-l) and herbage intake (12.0 v. 12.0 kg DM cow-1 day-1) of cows or of pre- (1.77 v. 1.8 t DM ha-1) and post- (1.31 v. 1.32 t DM ha-1) grazing mass, on farmlets NW and W respectively. We conclude that the feeding of wheat did not increase milk production or improve liveweight change under the conditions of this experiment.
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VALERGAKIS (Γ. ΒΑΛΕΡΓΑΚΗΣ), G., and G. BANOS (Γ. ΜΠΑΝΟΣ). "Investment plan for decreasing the cow milk production cost." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 55, no. 1 (December 6, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15148.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of decreasing cow milk production cost with an investment plan, using a sample of 120 medium and large size dairy farms in Central Macedonia. Cost reduction is considered necessary either for improving the dairy farmers' income or for maintaining it in current levels as falling milk prices are expected as a result of the new Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. Three cost reducing factors were examined: a) increasing size of the farm (number of cows), b) increasing annual milk yield per cow and c) increasing the proportion of on-farm produced feedstuff. All three factors had significant effect on reducing cow milk production cost (P<0.01). However, while cost reduction by 1% would require increasing the number of cows by 28.3% (from an average of 86.9 to 111.5 cows per herd) or the proportion of on-farm produced feedstuff by 34% (from an average of 32.1% to 43%), the required increase in annual milk yield per cow would be only 2.2% (from an average of 6,442.5 kg to 6,586.2 kg). Furthermore, the fixed capital investment, required by each plan, would be 78,184, 16,132 and 3,475 euros, respectively.
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Patil, Vinayak, B. S. Reddy, S. S. Patil, and G. M. Hiremath. "Comparative economics of rural and periurban dairy farming in Kalaburagi district of Karnataka." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i4.1902.
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Cost of milk production is an important economic indicator in assessing the farm household efficiency in milk production as well as basis for price fixation. The study was undertaken to analyse the cost and returns of milk production in rural and periurban dairy farms of Kalaburagi district of Karnataka. The per day maintenance cost in periurban dairy farms (` 150.64) was highest compared to rural dairy farms (` 91.29)for local cows, crossbred cows and buffaloes. Among total maintenance costs of periurban dairy farming, feed and fodder costs accounted major share (73.49%) followed by labour cost (15.53%) and total fixed cost (7.73%). The return per litre of milk was highest (` 8.91) for crossbred cows followed by buffalo (` 4.82) and local cows (` 0.14). The net return from crossbred cow was more than that of buffalo and local cows indicating higher profitability in rearing crossbred cow in the study area.
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Pishchan, S. G., and K. А. Sylychenko. "Characteristics of kappa-casein gene polymorphism in cows of Swiss breed and their productive qualities at a large dairy." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12, no. 3 (August 28, 2021): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022170.
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Kappa-casein is a fraction of the main milk protein, which determines the technological properties of milk and the quality of dairy products, especially cheese and fermented milk products. The study tested the distribution of kappa-casein gene genotype polymorphism (CSN3) in mothers and daughters of the Swiss breed cows, taking into account their milk productivity qualities. The study was performed on 111 cows of the Swiss breed on a large dairy. The observation group I included 51 cow-mothers of the Swiss breed; group II – 60 cow-daughters of the Swiss breed. In a study of the polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene in cow-mothers and cow-daughters of the Swiss breed, the dominance of allele B (0.73 and 0.70) was found, which was registered more than two times more often than allele A. The incidence of genotypes AA – AB – BB in cow-mothers of the Swiss breed was as follows: 5.9% – 43.1% – 51.0% with indicators of observed heterozygosity 0.43 and expected heterozygosity 0.40. In cow-daughters of the Swiss breed the frequency of the BB genotype was the same, but, genotype АА was registered almost twice as often, with lower indicators of observed heterozygosity and smaller increases of indicators of expected heterozygosity than in cow-mothers. Cow-mothers of the Swiss breed with the AA genotype, in comparison with the AB genotypes, had higher milk yields during lactation (by 43%), fat production (by 86.9%), ratio of fat to protein (by 40.5%). Also note, the cow-mothers of the Swiss breed with the AA genotype, in comparison with the BB genotypes, had reliably high rates of fat to protein (by 35.8%) and only a trend to higher fat production; fat and protein. The production of fat in dairy cows-daughters with the BB genotype was higher than with the AA genotype, but only at the level of tendency. The correlation analysis showed that the AA genotype of the kappa-casein gene in cow-mothers of the Swiss breed was associated with the duration of lactation, indicators of milk yield during lactation, fat production, fat content and protein in milk with registration of reliable and positive coefficients of correlation. The genotypes in cow-daughters did not have a reliable correlation with the duration of lactation and fat or protein content in milk. The results of the kappa-casein gene polymorphism study indicated that the AA genotype of cow-mothers of the Swiss breed was associated with higher productive milk qualities which should be taken into account when forming a highly productive herd of cattle of the Swiss breed under intensiveoperative technology at a large-scale dairy unit.
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Piccardi, Monica, Raúl Macchiavelli, Ariel Capitaine Funes, Gabriel A. Bó, and Mónica Balzarini. "Fitting milk production curves through nonlinear mixed models." Journal of Dairy Research 84, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029917000085.
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The aim of this work was to fit and compare three non-linear models (Wood, Milkbot and diphasic) to model lactation curves from two approaches: with and without cow random effect. Knowing the behaviour of lactation curves is critical for decision-making in a dairy farm. Knowledge of the model of milk production progress along each lactation is necessary not only at the mean population level (dairy farm), but also at individual level (cow-lactation). The fits were made in a group of high production and reproduction dairy farms; in first and third lactations in cool seasons. A total of 2167 complete lactations were involved, of which 984 were first-lactations and the remaining ones, third lactations (19 382 milk yield tests). PROC NLMIXED in SAS was used to make the fits and estimate the model parameters. The diphasic model resulted to be computationally complex and barely practical. Regarding the classical Wood and MilkBot models, although the information criteria suggest the selection of MilkBot, the differences in the estimation of production indicators did not show a significant improvement. The Wood model was found to be a good option for fitting the expected value of lactation curves. Furthermore, the three models fitted better when the subject (cow) random effect was considered, which is related to magnitude of production. The random effect improved the predictive potential of the models, but it did not have a significant effect on the production indicators derived from the lactation curves, such as milk yield and days in milk to peak.