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Journal articles on the topic 'Milk ducts'
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1
Rimbach, S., D. Koeppler, D. Wallwiener, and G. Bastert. "Microendoscopy of milk ducts." Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists 5, no. 3 (August 1998): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-3804(05)80384-6.
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Zakharova, I. N., A. E. Kuchina, I. V. Berezhnaya, and T. N. Sannikova. "Mastitis and/or plugged ducts? How to differentiate, help and treat?" Medical Council, no. 11 (July 18, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-11-10-15.
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Mastitis is one of the most common pyoinflammatory processes that occur in the postpartum. The mastitis incidence varies from 0.5% to 33%. Due to lack of standard algorithms, approaches to diagnosis and treatment of lactational mastitis vary between pediatricians and obstetrician-gynecologists. Plugged ducts is the basic factor that predisposes a woman to plugged milk ducts, which can lead to mastitis. Unfortunately, frequently prescribed antibacterial treatment has an adverse effect on human milk microbiota and creates subtherapeutic drug concentration in milk, which leads to antibiotic resistance in infants. Effective expression of breast milk is a key method to prevent and fight mastitis and plugged ducts. Recommendations for preferred method of breast milk expression require a personalized approach, the first of which depends on the assessment of breast nipples condition. According to some reports, 80–90% of breast-feeding women develop soreness and cracked nipples, which cause delayed or missed breastfeeding. Teaching correct breast-feeding techniques can prevent the chain of these adverse events: cracked nipples – plugged duct – lactation mastitis. Ideally, a healthy mature infant with active sucking reflex, who is breastfed effectively with a good technique, may perfectly ensure a problem-free lactation period.
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Милькевич, I. Milkevich, Гусейнов, A. Guseynov, Гусейнов, and T. Guseynov. "Anatomical and physiological aspects of lactostasis." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 3 (September 5, 2014): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5923.
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Lactose is a consequence of dysfunction of the mammary glands in women with breastfeeding between production and secretion of milk, resulting in stagnation of milk. The purpose is to study predisposing anatomical and physiological factors in the de-velopment of lactose associated with narrowing of the ducts and hypofunction lobular-ductal system of the breast in women with breastfeeding. The research has included a study of the status of the lactating breast in 42 women with breastfeeding. The 1st group consisted of 27 women with lactose. Control (the 2nd) group consisted of 15 women with breastfeeding without lactose. The study has shown that the development of the stagnation of milk is caused by a range of predisposing and contributing factors, among which the most important are the anatomical and physiological reasons: the restriction and paresis of the milk ducts, dyscoordination of the lobular-ductal system. The leading cause of stagnation of milk is an anatomical narrowing and the tortuous course of the milky threads with physiological dysfunction of the ductal system of the lactating breast. A main factor in the development of the pathological process is fibrocystic breast disease, which is characterized by morphological and functional changes in the mammary glands in the form of diffuse or focal changes of the connective tissue, mainly ductectasia. These changes under effects of other factors on a certain area of the lactating mammary glands lead either to morpho-functional narrowing, the violation of the ducts, either individual or combined physiological hypofunctions of up to paresis. Appeared first sections of the stagnation of milk, swelling of the breast increase the compression duct and obstruct the outflow of milk, leading to clinically significant pathological process of the lactose, the resolution of which requires consideration of all the above clinical and pathogenetic data with a complex of therapeutic measures.
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Zabolotskiy, A. "Milky duct fistulas." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 7, no. 3 (September 6, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd73279.
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Wattis, Lois. "Review of ABM Clinical Protocol #36: The Mastitis Spectrum." Practising midwife Australia 1, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55975/ettc3894.
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Recent scientific evidence debunks the concept of milk ducts obstructed by a collection of milk as it is not physiologically or anatomically possible.1 The Mastitis Spectrum is a recently revised guideline which challenges the common belief that ‘blocked ducts’ precede inflammatory mastitis, potentially followed by infective mastitis. The evidence now demonstrates that mastitis encompasses a spectrum of conditions, from mild to severe. Moreover, traditional strategies to augment milk removal to counteract milk stasis and breast massage to relieve ductal obstruction from milk ‘plugs’ lacks physiological validity. The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM) Medicine Clinical Protocol #36 details management recommendations for all eventualities of The Mastitis Spectrum and will be referred to as the ABM Protocol in this review. The protocols can be found at: https://www.bfmed.org/protocols.
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Taneri, Ferit, Osman Kurukahvecioglu, Nalan Akyurek, Ercument H. Tekin, Mustafa N. İlhan, Cagatay Cifter, Sukru Bozkurt, Ayse Dursun, Orhan Bayram, and Erhan Onuk. "Microanatomy of Milk Ducts in the Nipple." European Surgical Research 38, no. 6 (2006): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000096775.
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DOUPLIK, A., W. L. LEONG, A. M. EASSON, S. DONE, B. C. WILSON, A. SHAHMOON, and Z. ZALEVSKY. "MICROENDOSCOPIC SPECTRAL IMAGING AS A TOOL FOR SMALL DUCTUAL DIAGNOSTICS: PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 05, no. 03 (July 2012): 1250021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545812500216.
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A technical feasibility of autofluorescence ductoscopy in breast milk ducts as blood vessels phantoms has been assessed as successful. Malignant tumor can be clearly identified through the milk ducts. We also present the operation principle as well as the preliminary experimental results of a new type of microsize multicore fiber that enables imaging through blood vessel phantoms. Imaging of a manipulated microwire through a drilled phantom is presented.
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Inderwies, Tyra, Johannes Riedl, Evangelos Kiossis, and Rupert M. Bruckmaier. "Effects of α- and β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and oxytocin receptor blockade on milking characteristics in dairy cows before and after removal of the teat sphincter." Journal of Dairy Research 70, no. 3 (July 21, 2003): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029903006289.
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Alpha (α)- and beta (β)-adrenergic receptors in the bovine mammary gland are mainly present in the teat muscles and in the region where large milk ducts reach the cisternal cavities. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the region of the large mammary ducts is the most important location of α- and β-adrenergic receptor stimulation affecting milk ejection and milk removal. Effects of α- and β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and of oxytocin (OT) receptor blockade on milking characteristics were tested in six cows. Milk flow was measured before and after the distal part of one teat, including the teat canal and teat sphincter, had been partly amputated. Before the operation, milk yield and peak flow rate decreased during α-adrenergic receptor stimulation and during the OT receptor blockade, and increased during β-adrenergic stimulation. After removal of the teat tip, relations of milk yield and peak flow rates after administration of α- and β-agonists and after application of an OT receptor blocking agent were similar to those before operation. Only total milk yield had decreased in the teat-amputated quarter owing to unhindered flow of cisternal milk before cluster attachment. Since responses to α- and β-adrenergic receptor stimulation as well as to OT receptor blockade do not differ with or without the teat sphincter, it is concluded that milk flow is mainly influenced by the muscle tone of the large mammary ducts.
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Ratych, I. B. "Petro Lahodyuk — Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Honourable Man of Science and Technology of Ukraine (1924–1994)." Animal Biology 22, no. 3 (September 2020): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol22.03.008.
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Petro Lahodyuk is the Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor, Academician of NAAS, Honourable Man of Science and Technology of Ukraine. Academician Lahodyuk was a leading researcher of animal lactation physiology. He contributed greatly into research on fraction composition and antigene properties of soluble proteins in mammary gland of open heifers, heifers and lactating cows, open and pregnant cows, compared their immune and chemical properties with milk and blood serum proteins, researched amino acidic and peptoid content of albumins in mammary gland tissues and blood serum of open heifers, heifers and cows, established the role of alveolar epithelium, excretory ducts and milk ducts in creating milk serum proteins, studied the role of a number of hormones in milk formation processes regulation, in particular regulation of milk and blood serum protein biosynthesis.
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Hammon, Harald M., Rupert M. Bruckmaier, Ulrich E. Honegger, and Jürg W. Blum. "Distribution and density of α– and β–adrenergic receptor binding sites in the bovine mammary gland." Journal of Dairy Research 61, no. 1 (February 1994): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900028041.
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SummaryRadioreceptor binding studies were designed to localize and determine the number of α and β-adrenergic receptors in the mammary gland of lactating cows. 3H-prazosin, 3H-rauwolscine and 3H-dihydroalprenolol were used for the regional characterization of α1, α2- and β-adrenergic receptors by competitive inhibition of binding of 3H-ligands with unlabelled adrenergic agonists and antagonists. The α1-, α2- and β2-adrenergic receptor subtypes could thus be demonstrated in the regions of the teats, large mammary ducts and parenchyma. Tissues of the teat wall, of the large mammary ducts above the gland cistern and of the mammary parenchyma were prepared to determine the density of α1, α2- and β-receptors by saturation binding assays using 3H-prazosin, 3H-rauwolscine and 3H-dihydroalprenolol respectively. Binding to high affinity sites was reversible within minutes and saturable. Equilibrium was reached within minutes. The number of α1-and α2-adrenergic receptors decreased from the teat to the mammary ducts to the parenchyma. Most of the α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors were found in the teat wall, whereas in the parenchyma α-adrenergic receptors were absent or barely detectable. The density of β-adrenergic receptors was similar in the teat wall and the large mammary ducts, but much lower in the parenchyma. Thus, α1, α2- and β-adrenergic receptors were found mainly in the milk purging system and hardly at all in mammary parenchyma. Inhibition of milk removal by α-adrenergic stimulation is possibly due to constriction of teat wall and to constriction of the mammary ducts, whereas enhanced milk flow after β-adrenergic stimulation is possibly due to relaxation not only of the teat sphincter and teat wall, but probably also of the large mammary ducts.
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Wilde, C. J., D. T. Calvert, A. Daly, and M. Peaker. "The effect of goat milk fractions on synthesis of milk constituents by rabbit mammary explants and on milk yield in vivo. Evidence for autocrine control of milk secretion." Biochemical Journal 242, no. 1 (February 15, 1987): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2420285.
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Lactose and casein synthesis by rabbit mammary explants in organ culture was inhibited when fractions of goat milk were included in the culture medium. Inhibition was dose-dependent, and readily reversed when milk fractions were removed. The pattern of effects obtained with various fractions of milk indicated that inhibition was caused by a protein of 10,000-30,000 Da, which was present in the milk serum or whey fraction. The inhibitor fraction decreased milk accumulation when injected into lactating rabbit mammary glands via the teat ducts, whereas other milk proteins had no effect. Results are discussed in terms of autocrine regulation of milk synthesis through negative feedback by milk constituents.
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Hamsagayathri, P., and P. Sampath. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BREAST CANCER CLASSIFICATION USING DECISION TREE CLASSIFIERS." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i2.17383.
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Breast cancer is one of the dangerous cancers among world’s women above 35 y. The breast is made up of lobules that secrete milk and thin milk ducts to carry milk from lobules to the nipple. Breast cancer mostly occurs either in lobules or in milk ducts. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma where it starts from ducts and spreads across the lobules and surrounding tissues. According to the medical survey, each year there are about 125.0 per 100,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed and 21.5 per 100,000 women due to this disease in the United States. Also, 246,660 new cases of women with cancer are estimated for the year 2016. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is a key factor for long-term survival of cancer patients. Classification plays an important role in breast cancer detection and used by researchers to analyse and classify the medical data. In this research work, priority-based decision tree classifier algorithm has been implemented for Wisconsin Breast cancer dataset. This paper analyzes the different decision tree classifier algorithms for Wisconsin original, diagnostic and prognostic dataset using WEKA software. The performance of the classifiers are evaluated against the parameters like accuracy, Kappa statistic, Entropy, RMSE, TP Rate, FP Rate, Precision, Recall, F-Measure, ROC, Specificity, Sensitivity.
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Nur, Rosmala, Rasyka Nurul Fajriah, Rahma Dwi Larasati, Andi Dirpan, and Muhammad Rusydi. "Status of breast care during pregnancy with milk production and disease." Breast Disease 40 (June 25, 2021): S85—S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bd-219012.
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BACKGROUND: Breast care is an important routine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Its absence leads to inadequate milk production before and after childbirth. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the status of breast care during pregnancy, which is related to milk production and disease after childbirth in the Tinggede Health Center, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. METHODS: The method used was an analytic survey with a cross-sectional approach and the samples were 82 breastfeeding mothers in the working area of the Tinggede Health Center. The sampling used a total population, and data were obtained by interview and observation. Furthermore, the analysis technique used Chi-Square. RESULTS: The results showed there was a relationship between breast care during pregnancy with milk production (p = 0.001), and breast care status with a disease (p = 0.012). The common diseases suffered by breastfeeding mothers due to inadequate care are non-protruding nipples, infections, blocked milk ducts, mastitis, and lumps. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding mothers’ failure to care for their breasts during pregnancy can lead to lack of milk production and diseases such as non-protruding nipples, infections, blocked milk ducts, mastitis, and lumps.
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Hamsagayathri, P., and P. Sampath. "DECISION TREE CLASSIFIERS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i1.17377.
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Objective: Breast cancer is one of the dangerous cancers among world’s women above 35 y. The breast is made up of lobules that secrete milk and thin milk ducts to carry milk from lobules to the nipple. Breast cancer mostly occurs either in lobules or in milk ducts. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma where it starts from ducts and spreads across the lobules and surrounding tissues. Survey: According to the medical survey, each year there are about 125.0 per 100,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed and 21.5 per 100,000 women due to this disease in united states. Also, 246,660 new cases of women with cancer are estimated for the year 2016.Methods: Early diagnosis of breast cancer is a key factor for long-term survival of cancer patients. Classification is one of the vital techniques used by researchers to analyze and classify the medical data.Results: This paper analyzes the different decision tree classifier algorithms for seer breast cancer dataset using WEKA software. The performance of the classifiers are evaluated against the parameters like accuracy, Kappa statistic, Entropy, RMSE, TP Rate, FP Rate, Precision, Recall, F-Measure, ROC, Specificity, Sensitivity.Conclusion: The simulation results shows REPTree classifier classifies the data with 93.63% accuracy and minimum RMSE of 0.1628 REPTree algorithm consumes less time to build the model with 0.929 ROC and 0.959 PRC values. By comparing classification results, we confirm that a REPTree algorithm is better than other classification algorithms for SEER dataset.
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Mehrgut, F. M., L. M. Satlin, and G. J. Schwartz. "Maturation of HCO3- transport in rabbit collecting duct." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 259, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): F801—F808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.259.5.f801.
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Newborn rabbits maintain a state of hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with plasma HCO3- concentrations generally exceeding 27 mM. The large amounts of potential net base in mother's milk probably contribute to the generation of this alkalosis. We surmised that immature handling of H+ or HCO3- by the neonatal collecting duct helps maintain this alkalosis. Net HCO3- transport was measured in perfused collecting ducts taken from maturing rabbits, in solutions simulating adult rabbit plasma ultrafiltrate and then in presence of Cl(-)-free bathing solution. Cortical collecting ducts (CCD) from newborn and 4-wk-old rabbits failed to secrete HCO3- under baseline conditions and could not be stimulated to secrete HCO3- in Cl(-)-free bath. Neonatal segments perfused at very slow flow rates showed significant HCO3- absorption; inhibition of HCO3- secretion by removal of luminal Cl- revealed a substantial HCO3- absorptive flux. Segments from 6-wk-old and mature animals secreted net HCO3- and generally showed more than a fivefold increase in HCO3- secretion after Cl- removal from the bath. Outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD) from newborn rabbits absorbed HCO3- at rates approaching that of mature segments. We conclude that relatively high rates of HCO3- absorption in OMCD and lack of HCO3- secretion in CCD may contribute to the metabolic alkalosis of the neonatal rabbit.
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D‘Alessandro, Angela Gabriella, Michele Mariano, and Giovanni Martemucci. "Udder characteristics and effects of pulsation rate on milking machine efficiency in donkeys." Journal of Dairy Research 82, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029914000648.
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Very little is known about the udder characteristics, partitioning of milk in the mammary gland and efficiency of machine milking in donkeys. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the udder and teats, milk yield in relation to pulsation rates (90, 120 and 150 cycles/min), milk partitioning in the mammary gland, composition of the spontaneously removed and residual milk fractions and milking efficiency. Forty-one healthy Martina Franca jennies in the third month of lactation and routinely milked twice daily were used in three studies. Udder characteristics were evaluated by direct measurements and ultrasonographic scanning. Residual milk was obtained by milking after an oxytocin administration (40 IU i.m.). The prevalent shapes were ‘bowl’ for udders and ‘conical’ for teats. After milking the udder characteristics decreased within a range from −11·6% (udder depth) to −25·7% (diameter of teat at the base). The internal structures of the udder resulted as several pockets of ducts empting directly into the teat. The pulsation rate of 120 cycles/min improved (P<0·05) the milk yield in comparison to the 90 and 150 cycles/min, reduced the residual milk fraction, thus improved (P<0·05) milking efficiency. Residual milk composition had higher (P<0·05) fat content and somatic cell count than the spontaneously removed milk fraction. The udders revealed several pockets of ducts empting into the teat instead of a single cisternal cavity and showed a certain compliance. The use of 120 cycles/min pulsation rate improved milking efficiency.
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Милькевич, I. Milkevich, Гусейнов, A. Guseynov, Гусейнов, and T. Guseynov. "Pathogenetic features of the development and treatment оf lactostasise in different periods of breastfeeding." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6532.
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The actual problem of lactostasis in breast feeding is considered in this paper.The main causes of lactostasisare: excessive milk production at insufficient milk secretion from the lobules of the mammary glands; irregular and inadequate emptying of the breast, not correct attachment of the baby to the breast, i.e. not all lobules are equal "physiological” position. The authors considered predisposing factors of lactose in the first days after birth and active breastfeeding, as well as the development of tactics pathogenetic therapy. The work is based on the study of data examination and treatment of 39 patients with lactose, divided into 2 groups. In the first group the treatment consisted of local use of 1% progestogel; in the 2nd group - bromocriptine in tablets. The study showed that lactosis is especially typical for primapara women and for the first (1-2) months after delivery. The lactosis in the first days after delivery are more associated with impaired excretion of milk due to the low content of oxytocin and smooth muscle paresis ducts, this is confirmed by the effect of transdermal gel 1% progestogel. At other times one of the causes of lactosis is increased production or sufficient production of milk when it is insufficient excretion through milk ducts. The effect of bromocriptine in such cases is due to a reduc-tion of milk production in accordance with the ability of the system excretion of milk.
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Kakushkin, N. "M. M. Mironov. Influence of the nervous system on the activity of the mammary gland. (Proceedings of the General Russian doctors in St. Petersburg for 1893-1894, March)." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2020): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd810932.
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Anatomical studies of Eckhard, Roehrig, and Winkler in the mammary gland have established vasomotor and nerves supplying the muscular walls of the milk ducts, sinus and excretory ducts; secretory nerves were not found. Physiological experiments of the same authors, as well as Laffont, De-Sinety, Partscha, Hammerbacher, gave diametrically opposite results. The scheme of the innervation of the mammary gland in a goat, according to the author, is as follows: the main nerve trunk - item spermaticus externus - enters the gland from the outside.
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Kolasinac, Sabina Sibcic, David Griffiths, Lars Moe, Henning Sørum, and Vibeke Rootwelt. "Ductal Architecture: Corrosion Casting of Canine Mammary Glands Using an Intraductal Approach." Animals 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2023): 2932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182932.
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Detailed knowledge related to the morphology, anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the canine mammary gland is scarce. Mammary tissue undergoes massive changes instructed by hormones multiple times within the lifespan of every bitch, affecting its appearance. To address the ductal system’s appearance and to present how different our findings regarding the canine mammary gland are in comparison with the available literature, we obtained cadaveric specimens after euthanasia and mastectomy. All bitches were euthanised due to poor prognosis for their recovery from maladies unrelated to mammae. Using intraductal cannulation ex vivo, milk- or fluid-yielding ducts were perfused using VasQtec (polyurethane resin), which revealed casts, i.e., imprints of ducts and glandular structures in situ. We observed primary, vertically positioned ducts that ascended throughout the teat and continued branching to secondary, tertiary, etc., horizontally positioned ducts, which drained mammary gland lobes under the skin located close to the abdominal wall. The ascendant teat canal could be split into two and could be connected to gland alveoli or end blind. Alveolar formations were located along ducts and ductules in bigger and/or smaller clusters. This study is the first to generate a 3D image of canine ducts and glandular tissue using an intraductal approach.
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Bergmann, Henrike, Juan Miguel Rodríguez, Seppo Salminen, and Hania Szajewska. "Probiotics in human milk and probiotic supplementation in infant nutrition: a workshop report." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 7 (August 27, 2014): 1119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514001949.
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Probiotics in human milk are a very recent field of research, as the existence of the human milk microbiome was discovered only about a decade ago. Current research is focusing on bacterial diversity and the influence of the maternal environment as well as the mode of delivery on human milk microbiota, the pathways of bacterial transfer to milk ducts, possible benefits of specific bacterial strains for the treatment of mastitis in mothers, and disease prevention in children. Recent advances in the assessment of early host–microbe interactions suggest that early colonisation may have an impact on later health. This review article summarises a scientific workshop on probiotics in human milk and their implications for infant health as well as future perspectives for infant feeding.
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Heller, Samantha L., Anastasia Plaunova, and Yiming Gao. "Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Progression to Invasive Cancer: A Review of the Evidence." Journal of Breast Imaging 3, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbaa119.
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Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), breast cancer confined to the milk ducts, is a heterogeneous entity. The question of how and when a case of DCIS will extend beyond the ducts to become invasive breast cancer has implications for both patient prognosis and optimal treatment approaches. The natural history of DCIS has been explored through a variety of methods, from mouse models to biopsy specimen reviews to population-based screening data to modeling studies. This article will review the available evidence regarding progression pathways and will also summarize current trials designed to assess DCIS progression.
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Sansom, Clare. "New technique detects early signs of cancer in breast-milk ducts." Lancet Oncology 3, no. 12 (December 2002): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(02)00954-3.
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Robertson, Barbara D. "An Alternative Treatment." Clinical Lactation 7, no. 4 (2016): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.7.4.148.
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Mothers with persistent, reoccurring issues with plugged milk ducts in their breasts are usually in great amounts of pain and, therefore, at great risk for premature weaning. Why some mothers struggling with this issue seems unclear, but there is a treatment option that can offer immediate relief and perhaps a permanent resolution of these trouble areas in the breast. Using ultrasound treatment of the affected area of the breast is a highly effective, last resort treatment, but most IBCLCs do not have access to healthcare providers to refer to for this procedure. In this article, plugged duct treatments will be discussed with a focus on the specifics of using ultrasound for resolving this issue.
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Dombrowska-Pali, Agnieszka, Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke, Agnieszka Chrustek, Dorota Olszewska-Słonina, Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska, and Maciej W. Socha. "Human Milk Microbiome—A Review of Scientific Reports." Nutrients 16, no. 10 (May 8, 2024): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16101420.
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One of the most important bioactive components of breast milk are free breast milk oligosaccharides, which are a source of energy for commensal intestinal microorganisms, stimulating the growth of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides in a child’s digestive tract. There is some evidence that maternal, perinatal, and environmental-cultural factors influence the modulation of the breast milk microbiome. This review summarizes research that has examined the composition of the breast milk microbiome and the factors that may influence it. The manuscript highlights the potential importance of the breast milk microbiome for the future development and health of children. The origin of bacteria in breast milk is thought to include the mother’s digestive tract (entero-mammary tract), bacterial exposure to the breast during breastfeeding, and the retrograde flow of breast milk from the infant’s mouth to the woman’s milk ducts. Unfortunately, despite increasingly more precise methods for assessing microorganisms in human milk, the topic of the human milk microbiome is still quite limited and requires scientific research that takes into account various conditions.
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Onoda, Makoto, and Hiroshi Inano. "Distribution of Casein-like Proteins in Various Organs of Rat." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 45, no. 5 (May 1997): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215549704500504.
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Casein-like proteins were detected in various organs of rat by use of a specific antiserum raised against rat milk caseins. The antiserum specifically recognized α1-, α2-, β-, and γ-caseins in rat milk by Western blot analysis, whereas no immunoreactive band was observed in sera of rat and fetal bovine and in bovine caseins. Immunohistochemical studies of this antiserum on formalin-fixed mammary glands showed that immunoreactive caseins were localized to the apical portion of the cytoplasm in lactating mammary epithelial cells and in the luminal secretion, which indicates a directional secretion of caseins to the lumen by the mammary epithelial cells. With this antiserum, immunoreactive substances were detected in various organs, including the pancreatic ducts and islets of Langerhans, the secretory ducts of salivary glands, zona fasciculata cells and ganglion cells of adrenal gland, distal tubules and convoluted collecting tubules of kidney, epithelial cells of bronchioles and large pneumocytes of the lung, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and the prickle cell layer of skin, uterine glands and epithelium of the endometrium, hepatic bile ducts, and brain. In Western blot analysis, major immunoreactive substances in the above organ extracts showed a similarity in molecular weight to α2-casein of rat milk. Skin was the only tissue that expressed both α2- and β-caseins. There were no other immunoreactive bands with similarity to β- and γ-caseins in the other organ extracts, but higher molecular weight immunoreactive bands (> 100 kD) were detected in some organ extracts, such as salivary gland, kidney, liver, lung, and uterus. These findings suggest that the α2-casein-like substance is localized not only in the mammary gland but also in a variety of organs and may play an important role as a functional molecule in those organs.
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Ormerod, E. Jane, and Philip S. Rudland. "Regeneration of mammary glands in vivo from isolated mammary ducts." Development 96, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.96.1.229.
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Rat mammary ducts, free of buds, can alone regenerate complete mammary trees when transplanted into the interscapular fat pads of syngeneic host rats. All the main mammary cell types are identified within such outgrowths. Epithelial cells, which show the presence of milk fat globule membrane antigens and microvilli on their luminal surfaces, line the ducts. Basal cells surrounding the ducts show characteristic features of myoepithelial cells: immunoreactive actin and keratin within the cytoplasm, myofilaments, pinocytotic vesicles and hemidesmosomal attachments to the basement membrane. Cells within the end buds and lateral buds, however, show few if any cytoplasmic myofilaments and are relatively undifferentiated in appearance. Intermediate morphologies between these cells and myoepithelial cells are seen nearer the ducts. In this respect they exactly resemble the cap cells found in terminal end buds (TEBs) of normal mammary glands. Occasional epithelial cells within alveolar buds show the presence of immunoreactive casein, which is a product of secretory alveolar cells in the normal rat mammary gland. Dissected terminal end buds can regenerate similar ductal outgrowths. Thus, ductal tissue alone can generate all the major mammary cell types seen in the normal gland, including the cap cells.
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Rudland, P. S., and C. M. Hughes. "Immunocytochemical identification of cell types in human mammary gland: variations in cellular markers are dependent on glandular topography and differentiation." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 7 (July 1989): 1087–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.7.2471725.
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Antiserum to epithelial membrane antigen and three monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to milk-fat globule membranes immunocytochemically stain only epithelial cells, whereas a fourth reacts also with myoepithelial cells in inter- and intralobular ducts of human breast. Staining with peanut lectin shows a gradual increase for epithelial cells, from little or no staining in ducts through variable staining in ductules to intense staining in secretory alveoli. Antisera and MAb to vimentin, smooth-muscle actin, MAb to the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen and to a glycoprotein of 135 KD stain myoepithelial cells in main ducts, but this staining is reduced in inter- and intralobular ducts and ductules. MAb to epithelial-specific keratin 18 stain a minor population of ductal epithelial cells, the major population of epithelial cells in interlobular (ILD) and extralobular terminal ducts (ETD), and epithelial cells in a minority of ductules. In lactating glands most epithelial cells in ductules are stained, but the alveolar and myoepithelial cells are unstained. Keratin MAb PKK2 and LP34 strongly stain myoepithelial cells, but only a minor population of epithelial cells in main ducts. However, these MAb stain principally the epithelial cells in ILD, ETD, and a minority of ductules. In lactating glands most epithelial cells are stained in ductules, but the myoepithelial and not the alveolar cells are stained intensely in secretory lobules. It is suggested that the unusual staining pattern of cells found principally in the ILD, ETD, and some ductules may represent regions of growth and/or subpopulation(s) of cells intermediate between epithelial and myoepithelial cells.
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Alexis, Ouedraogo Rakiswendé, Tindano Basile, Azonbakin Azandégbé Simon, Doukoure Maya, Ouedraogo Rakissida Alfred, Aweh A. Bruno, Ouedraogo Aimé Sosthène, et al. "Effects of Ficus capensis Leaves Aqueous Extracts (Lactogenic Medicinal Plant) on NMRI Mice Milk Secretion." European Journal of Medicinal Plants 35, no. 2 (April 25, 2024): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i21184.
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Introduction: Ficus capensis is a plant used in traditional medicine to stimulate lactation in women and animals in Africa. However, the effects of their extracts on the mammary gland are poorly documented. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of Ficus capensis leaves aqueous extracts on NMRI mice milk secretion. Methodology: This was an experimental animal study using virgin female NMRI mice aged eight to ten weeks. The mice were grouped into for groups of eight mice each. Each group received one of the following products: distilled water, Galactogil™, sulpiride, aqueous extracts (AE) of capensis leaves. Data were analysed and processed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Stata MP 16 with P ≤ .05 as the significance threshold. Results: Arborescence of the galactophorous ducts was more developed in the sulpiride lot. Galactogil™, and capensis leaves extracts treated groups showed almost equivalent arborescence with a higher tendency than the distilled water. With histological haematin- eosin staining, the ratio of galactophorous ducts containing secretions to total ducts was higher in the groups of Ficus capensis AE treated group than distilled water (P = .0001). Galactogil™, sulpiride and the group of Ficus capensis extracts each had higher levels of beta-casein in mammary tissue and average prolactinemia than distilled water (P < .01). Mammary tissue stained by immunohistochemistry with anti-prolactin receptor antibodies showed more intensely labelled mammary glands in the sulpiride and Ficus capensis extracts groups. There was no statistically significant difference between average progesteronemia among the different groups. Conclusion: F. capensis leaves AE administered to virgin female NMRI mice showed lactogenic and mammogenic effects. The extracts were able to increase the nutritional quality of the milk produced, as evidenced by the increase in protein secretion.
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Cooper, Barbara B., and Donald S. Kowalsky. "Physical Therapy Intervention for Treatment of Blocked Milk Ducts in Lactating Women." Journal of Women's Health Physical Therapy 30, no. 2 (2006): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01274882-200630020-00006.
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Cooper, Barbara B., and Donald Kowalsky. "Physical Therapy Intervention for Treatment of Blocked Milk Ducts in Lactating Women." Journal of Womenʼs Health Physical Therapy 39, no. 3 (2015): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jwh.0000000000000037.
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Witt, Ann M., Maya Bolman, Sheila Kredit, and Anne Vanic. "Therapeutic Breast Massage in Lactation for the Management of Engorgement, Plugged Ducts, and Mastitis." Journal of Human Lactation 32, no. 1 (December 7, 2015): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334415619439.
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Background: Many women in developed countries do not meet their breastfeeding goals and wean early because of breast pain. Objective: This study aimed to describe clinical response to therapeutic breast massage in lactation (TBML) in the management of engorgement, plugged ducts, and mastitis. Methods: Breastfeeding women presenting with engorgement, plugged ducts, or mastitis who received TBML as part of their treatment were enrolled (n = 42). Data collected at the initial visit included demographic, history, and exam data pre-TBML and post-TBML. Email surveys sent 2 days, 2 weeks, and 12 weeks following the initial visit assessed pain and breastfeeding complications. A nested case control of engorged mothers (n = 73) was separately enrolled to compare engorgement severity. Results: Reasons for the visit included engorgement (36%), plugged ducts (67%), and mastitis (29%). Cases, compared to controls, were significantly more likely to have severe engorgement (47% vs 7%, P < .001). Initial mean breast pain level among those receiving TBML was 6.4 out of 10. Following TBML, there was significant improvement in both breast (6.4 vs 2.8, P < .001) and nipple pain (4.6 vs 2.8, P = .013). All women reported immediate improvement in their pain level. At the 12-week survey, 65% found the massage treatment very helpful. The majority of the women with a new episode of mastitis or plugged duct during the study follow-up found the techniques learned during the office visit very helpful for home management of these episodes. Conclusion: In office, TBML is helpful for the reduction of acute breast pain associated with milk stasis. Mothers find TBML helpful both immediately in-office and for home management of future episodes.
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Isminarti, Femmy Dwi, Jasmawati ,, and Lukman Nulhakim. "THE EFFECT OF EARLY MOBILIZATION ON UTERINE INVOLUTION AFTER CESAREAN SECTION." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 7, no. 2A (November 3, 2023): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2023/vol7/iss2a/495.
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Several factors influence the achievement of Exclusive Breastfeeding, including the presence of mothers experiencing nipple soreness, which consequently leads to discontinuation of breastfeeding; insufficient breast milk flow resulting in a switch to formula milk. One alternative to improve breast milk flow is through the application of Woolwich massage. Woolwich massage therapy is a technique that stimulates breast milk production in nursing mothers. To determine the effect of Woolwich massage on the improvement of breast milk production in postpartum multipara mothers in the postpartum room of Kudungga General Hospital. This study employed a quasi-experimental design, specifically a non-equivalent control group design. The results of this study revealed a significant effect of Woolwich massage on the improvement of breast milk production (p-values of 0.008 and 0.005) with α value of 0.05. The increase in breast milk production can be attributed to the process of milk formation that occurs after stimulation through massage. Contraction of these specialized cells then propels breast milk from the alveoli through the lactiferous ducts to the lactiferous sinuses, where milk is stored. In the first week after childbirth, around 6 out of 10 postpartum mothers commonly experience insufficient breast milk production. Woolwich massage intervention is necessary, with the expectation of enhancing breast milk production in postpartum mothers.
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Roslianti, Elis, Ade Fitriani, and Rosmalina Hoerunisa. "Application of Breast Care to Fulfill the Pain Comfort in Post Partum Mothers with Swollen Breasts." JURNAL VNUS (Vocational Nursing Sciences) 4, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52221/jvnus.v4i2.311.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide postpartum health care through breastfeeding (ASI) to increase milk production for mothers after giving birth. Method: The method used is descriptive and based on a case study approach. with the random sampling technique. The sample elements examined in this case study were postpartum patients with inefficient breastfeeding problems, using data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, physical examinations, and documentation studies. Result: The findings of the study indicated that the diagnosis was established, namely that breastfeeding was not successful due to insufficient milk supply. Procedures and procedures are breast care or breast care to improve blood flow and prevent blockage of the milk ducts to facilitate milk production. Conclusion: Maternity care for postpartum clients with ineffective breastfeeding problems is an insurmountable problem. As a result, after 3 days of undergoing breast care, the patient breastfeeds quite profusely.
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Henderson, A. J., and M. Peaker. "EFFECTS OF REMOVING MILK FROM THE MAMMARY DUCTS AND ALVEOLI, OR OF DILUTING STORED MILK, ON THE RATE OF MILK SECRETION IN THE GOAT." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 72, no. 1 (January 22, 1987): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1987.sp003039.
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Kosenko, Anna, Shamay Jacoby, Tomer-Meir Salame, Maya Ross, and Itamar Barash. "Intramammary rapamycin administration to calves induces epithelial stem cell self-renewal and latent cell proliferation and milk protein expression." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): e0269505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269505.
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Mammary epithelial stem cells differentiate to create the basal and luminal layers of the gland. Inducing the number of differentiating bovine mammary stem cells may provide compensating populations for the milk-producing cells that die during lactation. Inhibition of mTOR activity by rapamycin signals self-renewal of intestinal stem cells, with similar consequences in the mouse mammary gland and in bovine mammary implants maintained in mice. The implementation of these results in farm animals for better mammary development and production was studied in 3-month-old calves. mTOR activity decreased by ~50% in mammary epithelial cells subjected to 3-week rapamycin administration, with no negative consequences on mammary morphology or β-casein expression. Subsequently, stem cell self-renewal was induced, reflected by a higher propagation rate of cultures from rapamycin-treated glands compared to respective controls and higher expression of selected markers. Followed by 4-day estrogen and progesterone administration, rapamycin significantly induced proliferation rate. Higher numbers of basal and luminal PCNA+ cells were detected in small ducts near the elongating sites as compared to large ducts, in which only luminal cells were affected. Rapamycin administration resulted in induction of individual milk protein genes’ expression, which was negatively correlated to their endogenous levels. The inductive effect of rapamycin on luminal cell number was confirmed in organoid cultures, but milk protein expression decreased, probably due to lack of oscillation in rapamycin levels. In conclusion, intramammary rapamycin administration is an effective methodology to reduce mTOR activity in bovine mammary epithelial cells and consequently, induce stem cell self-renewal. The latent positive effect of rapamycin on epithelial cell proliferation and its potential to improve milk protein expression in calves may have beneficial implications for mature cows.
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Groneberg, David A., Frank Döring, Stephan Theis, Monika Nickolaus, Axel Fischer, and Hannelore Daniel. "Peptide transport in the mammary gland: expression and distribution of PEPT2 mRNA and protein." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 282, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): E1172—E1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00381.2001.
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The lactating mammary gland utilizes free plasma amino acids as well as those derived by hydrolysis from circulating short-chain peptides for protein synthesis. Apart from the major route of amino acid nitrogen delivery to the gland by the various transporters for free amino acids, it has been suggested that dipeptides may also be taken up in intact form to serve as a source of amino acids. The identification of peptide transporters in the mammary gland may therefore provide new insights into protein metabolism and secretion by the gland. The expression and distribution of the high-affinity type proton-coupled peptide transporter PEPT2 were investigated in rat lactating mammary gland as well as in human epithelial cells derived from breast milk. By use of RT-PCR, PEPT2 mRNA was detected in rat mammary gland extracts and human milk epithelial cells. The expression pattern of PEPT2 mRNA revealed a localization in epithelial cells of ducts and glands by nonisotopic high resolution in situ hybridization. In addition, immunohistochemistry was carried out and showed transporter immunoreactivity in the same epithelial cells of the glands and ducts. In addition, two-electrode voltage clamp recordings using PEPT2-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes demonstrated positive inward currents induced by selected dipeptides that may play a role in aminonitrogen handling in mammalian mammary gland. Taken together, these data suggest that PEPT2 is expressed in mammary gland epithelia, in which it may contribute to the reuptake of short-chain peptides derived from hydrolysis of milk proteins secreted into the lumen. Whereas PEPT2 also transports a variety of drugs, such as selected β-lactams, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and antiviral and anticancer metabolites, their efficient reabsorption via PEPT2 may reduce the burden of xenobiotics in milk.
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Parmar, Hema, Peter Young, Joanne T. Emerman, Richard M. Neve, Shanaz Dairkee, and Gerald R. Cunha. "A Novel Method for Growing Human Breast Epithelium in Vivo Using Mouse and Human Mammary Fibroblasts." Endocrinology 143, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 4886–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-220570.
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Abstract A novel system is described for studying the growth of normal human mammary epithelium in vivo as grafts in athymic nude mice. The key feature of this model is reconstitution of the epithelial-stromal interactions required for normal growth and differentiation of the human mammary epithelium, which produces ducts that are comparable to those in the normal human mammary gland. Human breast epithelial organoids were combined with mammary fibroblasts from mouse or human origin in collagen gels, which were subsequently transplanted under the renal capsule of female nude mice hosts. The resulting grafts showed an increase in the ductal density compared with that observed previously. These ducts expressed appropriate markers for luminal and myoepithelial cells and steroid receptors. Treatment of the host with diethylstilbestrol or estradiol and progesterone significantly increased the number of ducts observed and increased cell proliferation. The grafts also displayed production of β-casein and milk fat globule membrane protein when the hosts were allowed to become pregnant. This model allows for a variety of epithelial and stromal cells to be used in combination, which would aid in understanding key factors that regulate normal human mammary gland development.
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Douglas, Pamela. "Re-thinking benign inflammation of the lactating breast: A mechanobiological model." Women's Health 18 (January 2022): 174550652210759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065221075907.
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Despite the known benefits of breastfeeding for both infant and mother, clinical support for problems such as inflammation of the lactating breast remains a research frontier. Breast pain associated with inflammation is a common reason for premature weaning. Multiple diagnoses are used for inflammatory conditions of the lactating breast, such as engorgement, blocked ducts, phlegmon, mammary candidiasis, subacute mastitis, mastitis and white spots, which lack agreed or evidence-based aetiology, definitions and treatment. This is the first in a series of three articles which review the research literature concerning benign lactation–related breast inflammation. This article investigates aetiological models. A complex systems perspective is applied to analyse heterogeneous and interdisciplinary evidence elucidating the functional anatomy and physiology of the lactating breast; the mammary immune system, including the human milk microbiome and cellular composition; the effects of mechanical forces during lactation; and the interactions between these. This analysis gives rise to a mechanobiological model of breast inflammation, in which very high intra-alveolar and intra-ductal pressures are hypothesized to strain or rupture the tight junctions between lactocytes and ductal epithelial cells, triggering inflammatory cascades and capillary dilation. Resultant elevation of stromal tension exerts pressure on lactiferous ducts, worsening intraluminal backpressure. Rising leucocyte and epithelial cell counts in the milk and alterations in the milk microbiome are signs that the mammary immune system is recruiting mechanisms to downregulate inflammatory feedback loops. From a complex systems perspective, the key mechanism for the prevention or treatment of breast inflammation is avoidance of excessively high intra-alveolar and intra-ductal pressures, which prevents a critical mass of mechanical strain and rupture of the tight junctions between lactocytes and ductal epithelial cells.
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Heegaard, Christian W., Lotte B. Larsen, Lone K. Rasmussen, Karen‐Elise Højberg, Torben E. Petersen, and Peter A. Andreasen. "Plasminogen Activation System in Human Milk." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 25, no. 2 (August 1997): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1997.tb00670.x.
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BackgroundPlasmin is the major endogenous protease present in milk. The level of plasmin activity is controlled by the availability of the precursor plasminogen and by the levels of plasminogen activators and inhibitors. Recently, a differential distribution of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA) has been demonstrated in bovine milk. To assess whether this distribution pattern is a general feature, the occurrence of components of the plasminogen activation system in different fractions of human milk was investigated.MethodsMilk samples were separated into the following fractions; milk fat, skim milk, and milk cells by centrifugation. The different fractions were detected for the presence of plasminogen and plasminogen activators by immunoblotting and zymography. The distribution of t‐PA and u‐PA was investigated by ligand binding analysis. t‐PA‐catalyzed plasminogen activation was examined by a coupled chromogenic assay.ResultsA differential distribution of plasminogen, t‐PA, and u‐PA was found. Casein micelles were found to exhibit t‐PA and plasminogen binding activity, whereas the u‐PA receptor was identified as the u‐PA binding component in the cell fraction. Furthermore, human casein enhanced t‐PA‐catalyzed plasminogen activation, comparable to the enhancing effect obtained with fibrinogen fragments.ConclusionThe finding of a differential distribution of u‐PA and t‐PA in milk suggests that the two activators may have different physiological functions, which involve protection against invading microorganisms and maintenance of patency and fluidity in the ducts of mammary gland, respectively.
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Tomchuk, V. A., V. A. Gryshchenko, S. P. Veselsky, Ye M. Reshetnik, and M. Y. Yevtushenko. "Cholesterol and its esters in the bile of rats in tetracyclineinduced hepatosis and under the using of milk phospholipids." Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 12 (December 2020): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2020.12.093.
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The increase of disorders of the cholesterol metabolism and the bile formation determines the need of the search for possible substances correcting the cholesterol metabolism in the liver. It is found that, in laboratory rats with an experimental drug form of steatosis, the excretion of cholesterol and, especially, cholesterol esters to the bile ducts is inhibited, and their ratio in bile is significantly impaired. The use of bioadditive “FLP-MD” made on milk phospholipids has a corrective effect on the concentration of cholesterol and its esters in bile of rats with tetracycline-induced steatosis. This allows us to recommend bioadditive “FLP-MD” made on milk phospholipids to improve the cholesterol metabolism in patients with clinical cases of drug-induced liver damage.
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Sukini, Tuti, Sri Widatiningsih, and Siti Rofi'ah. "THE EFFECTIVENES OF MORINGA LEAVES AND YELLOW SWEET POTATO NOODLES FOR THE UTERINE INVOLUTION AND BREAST MILK PRODUCTION." Midwifery and Nursing Research 3, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/manr.v3i2.7727.
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Background: Breast swelling or engorgement breast is the blocking up of breast milk because of the narrowing of the lactiferous duct or glands that are not emptied completely and the percentage incidence of it to postpartum women is 72%-85%. Breast swelling that is not handled properly can cause complications such as obstructions that lead to breast infection that can hinder the realization of exclusive breastfeeding in the future and without adequate treatment, the engorgement with moderate severity can become the obstructions of ducts and breast infections/mastitis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the moringa leaves and yellow sweet potato noodles for the uterine involution and breast milk production of postpartum women.Methods: This research was conducted in the Tembarak Public Health Center, Temanggung Regency using a quantitative approach with Quasi Experiment method. The design was post test only with control group. The population in this study was postpartum women who gave birth in September and October 2016. The sampling technique used was total sampling.Results: The results of this study showed that there were effects from the consumption of moringa leaves noodles for breast milk production of postpartum women, showed by the p value of 0.034 and there was no effect from the consumption of yellow sweet potato noodles for the uterine involution, showed by the p value of 0.767.Conclusion: The suggestions for professional organizations were to cooperate with the relevant authorities (Health Offices) in disseminating the results of this evidence-based research to help increasing breast milk production by using local food, and also to cooperate in cross-programs and cross-sectors in order to incorporate the use of local food based on the evidence as a procedure in providing health education for postpartum women
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Anggraini, Fathiniah, Erika, and Ade Dilaruri. "Efektifitas Pijat Oketani dan Pijat Oksitosin dalam Meningkatkan Produksi Air Susu Ibu (ASI)." Jurnal Vokasi Keperawatan (JVK) 5, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jvk.v5i2.24144.
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Breast care is done to improve blood circulation and prevent blockage of the milk ducts so as to expend milk. One of the breast treatments that can increase milk production is to do lactation massage, lactation massage types include oketani massage and oxytocin massage. Oketani massage is a breast massage that focuses on the areola and nipple area of the mother, this massage stimulates the strength of the pectoralis muscle to increase milk production so that the breasts become softer and more elastic. Oxytocin massage itself is a massage along the spine which is one solution to overcome the lack of smooth milk production. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of oketani massage and oxytocin massage in increasing the production of breast milk (ASI). This study uses quantitative research design with quasi experiment method, obtained samples using purposive sampling techniques as many as 34 respondents were divided into 2 groups of 17 respondents oketani massage and 17 respondents oxytocin massage. The measuring instrument used is an observation sheet of breast milk production volume with measurements before and after the action for 3 consecutive days. The statistical tests used are Wilcoxon test and Independent Sample T test. There is an effect of oketani massage and oxytocin massage on breast milk production with p value of 0.046 < ⑵ (0.05). The results of this study found that oketani massage and massage oxytocin effect in increasing breast milk production. This result is expected to be an alternative at the time of little milk production.
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Wahyuningsih, Sri, Musviro, and Ayu Dyah Maharani. "Increased Production of Mother's Milk: Literature Review." Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ) 1, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v1i1.5.
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Introduction: Breast care is one way to release the hormone oxytocin so that breast milk is produced immediately and plays an important role in overcoming breastfeeding problems. Breast care is very important not only during pregnancy but especially after delivery to increase lactation and prevent blocked milk ducts. If left untreated, it may develop mastitis. Problems that arise when breastfeeding is not effective, so the intervention given to overcome this problem is breastfeeding education. Method: The purpose of writing this report is to determine the effectiveness of breast care to increase milk production in postpartum mothers. The method used is a literature review. The search for literature review sources was carried out from October 2021 to April 2022. The databases used were Mendeley journal, Garuda journal, and Google Scholar using the keywords Breast Care AND Breast Milk Production AND Postpartum, and obtained 873 articles. After going through the selection process and quality assessment, it was found that 10 articles that met the requirements could be included in the review. Result: In addition to breast care, breastfeeding education is also important because there are so many benefits for postpartum mothers. Breast care is effective for increasing milk production. Conclusion: Movements in breast care are useful for launching the milk ejection reflex. This activity is also an effective way to increase the amount of milk in the breast and overcome the problems that often occur during breastfeeding.
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Kakiuchi, Toshihiko, and Rie Furukawa. "Diagnosis of Food Protein-Induced Enteropathy Based on Gastrointestinal Mucosal Pathology before and after Elimination Diet Therapy: A Case Report." Pediatric Reports 14, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pediatric14030045.
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We describe the case of a 1-year-old girl with food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE) that was difficult to diagnose. She was referred to our hospital with a 3-month history of diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss. Although her diarrhea improved after a few days of fasting, oral intake of elemental diets, formula milk, or rice porridge resulted in repeated relapses. The serum IgE level was 1028 IU/mL, and radioallergosorbent tests were positive for milk, casein, alpha-lactalbumin, and other allergens. A histopathology of the duodenal mucosa revealed loss of mucosal villous structure, crypt hyperplasia, crypt apoptosis, and lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration (<20 eos/hpf) into the lamina propria. After prednisolone (PSL) therapy and the complete removal of cows’ milk and chicken eggs from her diet, the patient’s diarrhea disappeared. Five months after discontinuing oral PSL and complete removal of cows’ milk and chicken eggs, the duodenum exhibited normal mucosal villous structure and well-differentiated ducts. No abnormalities were observed in the egg rechallenge; however, diarrhea recurred after the cows’ milk rechallenge. Thus, histopathologic examination of the gastrointestinal mucosa is useful for diagnosing FPE similar to oral food challenges, and re-evaluation after elimination diet therapy may be beneficial to rule out other diseases.
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Bajaj, Anubha. "Acutely Inflamed Mamilla - Mastitis and Abscess." Journal of Medical Research and Surgery 1, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52916/jmrs204012.
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Mastitis is an inflammation of breast parenchyma, predominantly occurring in the breastfeeding period, with or without accompanying infection and appears as lactational or puerperal and non-lactational as is associated with duct ectasia. Breast abscess is a focal accumulation of purulent substances within the breast parenchyma emerging as a complication of mastitis and is common in lactating women. Comprehensive incidence of mastitis is around 33% whereas breast abscess arises in approximately 3% to 11% of subjects with mastitis. An estimated two fifths (40%) of breast abscess or certain breast infections are poly-microbial and specific aerobes such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacterium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas along with anaerobes as with Pepto-streptococcus, Propionibacterium, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Fusobacterium and Veillonella can engender the disease. Subjects with mastitis enunciate flu-like symptoms with malaise, myalgia, fever, mammary pain, decline in milk egress, local warmth, tenderness, firmness and swelling of breast region and localized erythema. Breast abscess usually delineates mammary pain and/or a breast lump. Lactational breast abscess morphologically recapitulates an acute inflammation whereas non-lactational breast abscess is commonly sub-areolar and appears as a fistula of lacteriferous ducts, eventually emerging as chronically draining sinuses and breast abscess adjacent to the areola. Squamous metaplasia of lacteriferous duct epithelium, duct obstruction, and sub-areolar ductal dilatation or duct ectasia can ensue.
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Singh, Mahipal, Benjamin Hortman, Venkata Degala, and Xiaoling Ma. "Establishment and Characterization of a Lactating Caprine Mammary Gland Luminal Epithelial Cell Line." International Journal of Biology 11, no. 4 (July 16, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v11n4p36.
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Mammary gland is a defining characteristic of mammalian species which produces nutritious milk and plays a major role in the development of newborns. The gland contains a series of ducts and crevices leading back to alveoli, which contain milk producing cells called luminal epithelial cells. These cells, if cultured in-vitro, can be utilized to explore the metabolic processes occurring during milk production. The knowledge thus gained can be used to manipulate the system to enhance milk production and/or modify its composition. The main objective of this study was to establish a luminal epithelial cell-line from a lactating goat. Explant culture technique was used to produce primary cells from the mammary tissue of a 4-year-old lactating Saanen goat. The outgrowing cells were purified by selective trypsinization to remove fibroblast cells in 3-4 serial passages. The purified cell cultures exhibited cobblestone morphology, typical of the mammary epithelial cells, formed clear islands when plated in low density, and exhibited dome-shaped structures, if cultured for extended time. The cells stained positive with anti-human cytokeratin 18 antibodies, confirming their epithelial nature. Cell cultures also stained positive with rabbit anti-bovine β-lactoglobulin antibodies, indicating milk production in these cells. The cell-line has potential as an in-vitro cell model to understand signaling during milk synthesis, mammary gland development, and testing DNA constructs for therapeutic protein secretion in milk, prior to production of transgenic goats.
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Aikawa, Shizu, Jia Yuan, Amanda Dewar, Xiaofei Sun, and Sudhansu K. Dey. "Scribble promotes alveologenesis in the pregnant mammary gland for milk production." Reproduction 159, no. 6 (May 2020): 719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-20-0108.
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Mammary glands are comprised of ducts and terminal lobules that form tree-like structures. Luminal epithelial cells in these lobules undergo differentiation into alveolar cells in pregnancy to support milk production. This study reveals that Scribble (SCRIB), a scaffold protein expressed in progesterone receptor (PGR)-positive cells, plays a critical role in mammary gland alveologenesis in mice. We conditionally deleted Scrib using a Pgr-Cre driver. PGR is heterogeneously expressed throughout the luminal epithelium. Scrib loss in mammary glands by Pgr-Cre (Scribf/fPgrCre/+) shows inefficient alveologenesis and terminal end bud (TEB)-like morphology during pregnancy, resulting in poor milk production and subsequent death of pups after delivery. The differentiation of PGR-positive epithelial cells into Elf5-expressing alveolar cells is defective in Scribf/fPgrCre/+ mice. These changes are reflected in reduced activation of JAK2 and PAK1, resulting in downregulation of pSTAT5, a critical transcriptional factor for alveologenesis. These results provide evidence that SCRIB impacts PGR-positive cell lineage during alveologenesis, which impacts milk production and the health of offspring.
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Ristica, Octa Dwienda, and Rita Afni. "PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS PIJAT LAKTASI DENGAN PERAWATAN PAYUDARA TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN MENYUSUI DI PMB KOTA PEKANBARU." JOMIS (Journal of Midwifery Science) 8, no. 1 (January 24, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jomis.v8i1.4054.
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International Guidelines, which are based on scientific data about the advantages of breast milk for infants, moms, families, and nations, advise exclusive breastfeeding for six months. The sensation of having inadequate or too little breast milk, breast swelling, flat or painful nipples, clogged breast milk ducts, and mastitis are issues that nursing moms often face. Breast care and lactation massage are two of the numerous strategies that may be used to boost breast milk supply. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how lactation massage and breast care vary in their ability to support successful breastfeeding in PMB Pekanbaru City. The study design used was two group independent approach design, and the research methodology was quasi experimental (quasi experimental). Mothers who had given birth within two hours and were nursing in the Pekanbaru Midwife Independent Practice Work Area made up the study population. The present study used the independent T test for analysis in order to ascertain the impact of lactation massage and breast care on postpartum moms' success in breastfeeding. The average amount of breast milk provided to moms who undergo lactation massage is 5.47 months, with a standard deviation of 0.837, according to the findings of statistical data processing using the Independent Samples Test. Breastfeeding moms give birth to their children for 4.6 months on average, with a standard deviation of 1,352. Breast milk is delivered to women who do breast care
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Ratna Metasari Sembiring, Isyos Sari Sembiring, Basaria Manurung, Rumiati Sinaga, Rosmaida Barutu, and Hertika Yantina Silaen. "Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ibu Hamil Dalam Melakukan Perawatan Payudara Di Bidan Praktek Mandiri Bena Handayani Desa Lama Kec Hamparan Perak Tahun 2023." Journal Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.61740/jcp2s.v2i2.34.
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BACKGROUND: According to Huliana (2013), breast care is carried out to prevent blockage of the milk ducts thereby facilitating the release of breast milk. This is confirmed by the results of research by Sholichah (2011) which found a relationship between breast care for pregnant women and the smooth production of breast milk. In this study, mothers who had good breast condition with good breast care had good breast milk production. If the condition of the mother's breasts is in poor condition and the care is not good then it can more or less disrupt the lactation process. Breast care is carried out during pregnancy (antenatal) to get the effect of producing breast milk more quickly. This was obtained from the results of research by Astari (2018) that mothers who had breast care during the antenatal period produced breast milk after giving birth faster than mothers who did not have breast care during the antenatal period. OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between factors that influence pregnant women in carrying out breast care at the Bena Handayani Independent Practicing Midwife in 2023. METHOD chi square test p value < 0.05 means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted as a statistical test result of a significant relationship. RESULTS: There is a relationship between education, age, parity, knowledge and attitudes towards breast care at the Bena Handayani independent practice midwife in 2023. Suggestions are given for research and for research sites and for educational institutions regarding breast care.
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Liu, Haibin, Ying Hua, Hui Luo, Zhaojun Shen, Xuejiao Tao, and Xueqiong Zhu. "An Herbal Galactagogue Mixture Increases Milk Production and Aquaporin Protein Expression in the Mammary Glands of Lactating Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/760585.
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Background. Herbal galactagogues have been increasingly used to treat postpartum hypogalactia. The mechanism of action of herbal galactagogues remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an herbal galactagogue mixture on milk production and aquaporin (AQP) expression in lactating rats.Methods. Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into virgin, lactating + H2O, and lactating + galactagogue groups (n=10per group). Lactating rats were administered the decoction of an herbal galactagogue mixture by oral gavage or the same amount of distilled water.Results. The herbal decoction significantly increased milk production in lactating rats(P<0.05). Both immunohistochemical staining and western blot showed that protein levels of AQP-3 and AQP-5 were significantly increased during lactation compared with virgin stage and the herbal decoction further elevated their expression(P<0.05). AQP-1 was predominantly expressed in the capillaries whereas AQP-3 and AQP-5 were mainly detected in the epithelial cells and ducts of the mammary glands.Conclusion. The expression of AQPs in the mammary glands of rats was developmentally regulated. Herbal galactagogues might have increased milk secretion by regulating the expression and function of AQPs in the mammary glands.