Relevant bibliographies by topics / Milk

Academic literature on the topic 'Milk'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Milk"

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Kunz, Clemens, Silvia Rudloff, Wolfgang Schad, and Daniel Braun. "Lactose-derived oligosaccharides in the milk of elephants: comparison with human milk." British Journal of Nutrition 82, no. 5 (November 1999): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599001798.

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Human milk is commonly considered to be unique when compared with the milk of other species with regard to its high content of complex fucosylated and sialylated lactose-derived oligosaccharides. We describe the application of high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and TLC to characterize and quantitate neutral and sialylated lactose-derived oligosaccharides in milk from three Asian elephants and human milk. The lactose contents of elephant and human milks were 25–30 g/l and about 66 g/l respectively, whereas total oligosaccharide concentration was about three times higher in elephant milk and comprised up to 40% (10% in human milk) of the carbohydrate content. The ratio neutral: acidic components was different in the milk of the two species; in elephant milk, the N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing oligosaccharides made up almost half of the total amount v. 30% in human milk. Most oligosaccharides in elephant milk were more fucosylated and/or sialylated compared with human milk components. By mild acid hydrolysis, fucose and N-acetylneuraminic acid were cleaved off from complex components, and this resulted in increased amounts of fucose, galactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, lactose and lacto-N-neo-tetraose. Unique to elephant milk are the high levels of 3′-galactosyllactose (up to 4 g/l) and lacto-N-neo-tetraose which are present in human milk only in trace amounts. Elephant and human milks have high levels and unique patterns of oligosaccharides which may reflect the relative importance of these components in neonatal host defence, in endothelial leucocyte interactions or in brain development.
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de VALDEZ, G. F., and G. S. de GIORI. "Effectiveness of Soy Milk as Food Carrier for Lactobacillus Acidophilus." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.4.320.

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Three mild-fermented milk beverages prepared from soy milk and cow's milk were compared for their ability to preserve the cell viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus during refrigerated storage, in associative growth with Lactobacilus casei and Streptococcus thermophilus. The highest survival rate was obtained by using soy milk as substrate. The presence of L. casei in the starter culture had no influence on the viability of L. acidophilus, while the streptococcal cells showed a harmful effect. The culture activity measured as proteolysis and acid production remained fairly constant during the shelf life, despite the variations in colony counts observed for the different fermented milks analyzed.
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Grenov, Benedikte, Anni Larnkjær, Reginald Lee, Anja Serena, Christian Mølgaard, Kim F. Michaelsen, and Mark J. Manary. "Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Is Positively Associated with Growth and Cognition in 6- to 9-Year-Old Schoolchildren from Ghana." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 6 (March 25, 2020): 1405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa075.

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ABSTRACT Background Milk intake stimulates linear growth and improves cognition in children from low-income countries. These effects may be mediated through insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Objective The objective was to assess the effect of milk supplement on circulating IGF-1 and to assess IGF-1 as a correlate of growth and cognition in children. Methods Secondary data on blood spot IGF-1 from a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in 6–9-y-old children from rural Ghana were analyzed. Intervention groups received porridge with non–energy-balanced supplements: 8.8 g milk protein/d, 100 kcal/d (Milk8); 4.4 g milk and 4.4 g rice protein/d, 100 kcal/d (Milk/rice); 4.4 g milk protein/d, 48 kcal/d (Milk4); or a control (no protein, 10 kcal/d). IGF-1, length, body composition, and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were measured at 3.5 or 8.5 mo. Linear regressions were used to assess the effect of milk interventions on IGF-1 and IGF-1 as a correlate of growth and cognition. Results The increase in IGF-1 was 15.3 (95% CI: 3.3, 27.3) ng/mL higher in children receiving Milk8 compared with the control. The IGF-1 increases in the isonitrogenous, isoenergetic Milk/rice or the Milk4 groups were not different from the control (P ≥ 0.49). The increase in IGF-1 was associated with improvements in 4 out of 5 CANTAB domains. The strongest associations included reductions in “mean correct latency” from Pattern Recognition Memory and “pre-extradimensional (pre-ED) shift errors” from Intra/Extradimensional Set Shift (P ≤ 0.005). In addition, change in IGF-1 was positively associated with changes in height, weight, and fat-free mass (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Intake of skimmed milk powder corresponding to one, but not half a glass of milk on school days stimulates IGF-1 in 6–9-y-old Ghanian children. IGF-1 seems to mediate the effect of milk intake on growth and cognition. The association between IGF-1 and cognition in relation to milk intake is novel and opens possibilities for dietary interventions to improve cognition.
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Kheng Yuen, Sim, and Mohammad Raisul Alam. "Effect of Modified Pre-Milking Sanitizing Approaches on Raw Milk Quality Obtained from the Dairy Farmers of Tawau Area, Sabah." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i1.5-8.403.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the raw milk hygiene and quality among the small holder dairy farmers in Tawau area. A total of 216 samples were collected from the respective dairy farmers and milk collecting centre located at Mile 15, Tawau. Preliminary results indicated that the quality of the raw milks obtained at farm level contained were inferior with high bacteria load (> than 107 CFU/ml). The total coliform (2.9-3.8 CFU/mL) and Staphylococcus count (2.3-3.6 CFU/mL) were relatively high in certain samples. However, none of the food borne pathogens was found. Trace back study revealed that the causes of contamination were attributed by poor hygienic handling among the dairy farmers and insufficient for immediate chilling of raw milk. A significant reduction in bacteria load was observed if the raw milk chilled immediately at farm. The implementation of modified pre-milking sanitizing practices improved the microbiology quality of the raw milks obtained from respective dairy farms. Future study will focus more on the effect of prolong storage towards the microbiological quality of raw milk.
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Hill, J., M. Boland, P. Harris, and G. Paterson. "Impact of genetic polymorphism on milk powder manufacture and processing." BSAP Occasional Publication 25 (2000): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146398150004067x.

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AbstractRecombined milks manufactured from milk powders made from milk produced by b-lactoglobulin (b-LG) AA phenotype cows were not suitable for processing into ultra-heat-treated (UHT) milk products as these milks rapidly fouled heat exchanger surfaces when compared with standard mixed b-LG variant milk. Recombined milks manufactured from powders from b-LG BB phenotype milk generally gave low fouling rates upon UHT treatment and in some cases gave almost negligible fouling of UHT heat exchanger surfaces. Fresh milk from b-LG AA phenotype cows fouled evaporator preheaters more rapidly than standard milk, whereas fresh milk produced from b-LG BB phenotype cows fouled evaporator preheaters less rapidly than standard milk. Recombined milks manufactured from powders made with milk from k-casein (k-CN) BB phenotype cows fouled heat exchanger surfaces more rapidly than recombined milks manufactured from powders from milk from k-CN AA phenotype cows.
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Ehlayel, Mohammad, Abdulbari Bener, Khalid Abu Hazeima, and Fatima Al-Mesaifri. "Camel Milk Is a Safer Choice than Goat Milk for Feeding Children with Cow Milk Allergy." ISRN Allergy 2011 (June 29, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/391641.

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Background. Various sources of mammalian milk have been tried in CMA. Objectives. To determine whether camel milk is safer than goat milk in CMA. Methods. Prospective study conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation between April 2007 and April 2010, on children with CMA. Each child had medical examination, CBC, total IgE, cow milk-specific IgE and SPT. CMA children were tested against fresh camel and goat milks. Results. Of 38 children (median age 21.5 months), 21 (55.3%) presented with urticaria, 17 (39.5%) atopic dermatitis, 10 (26.3%) anaphylaxis. WBC was 10,039±4,735 cells/μL, eosinophil 1,143±2,213 cells/μL, IgE 694±921 IU/mL, cow's milk-specific-IgE 23.5±35.6 KU/L. Only 7 children (18.4%) tested positive to camel milk and 24 (63.2%) to goat milk. 6 (15.8%) were positive to camel, goat, and cow milks. Patients with negative SPT tolerated well camel and goat milks. Conclusions. In CMA, SPT indicates low cross-reactivity between camel milk and cow milk, and camel milk is a safer alternative than goat milk.
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PANFILI, GIANFRANCO, PAMELA MANZI, and LAURA PIZZOFERRATO. "Influence of thermal and other manufacturing stresses on retinol isomerization in milk and dairy products." Journal of Dairy Research 65, no. 2 (May 1998): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029997002811.

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An analytical procedure, based upon HPLC, has been used to determine the degree of isomerization of retinol (vitamin A) in various dairy products. In raw milks, which are not subjected to thermal processing, there was no conversion of the predominant all-trans-isomers to cis-isomers in samples from various species. Pasteurized milks with mild heat treatment (high quality milk) had an average 13-cis[ratio ]all-trans ratio of 2·6%, while pasteurized milk treated for 15 s at temperatures ranging from 72 to 76°C had an average ratio of 6·4%. Milk subjected to more severe heat treatments had a higher degree of isomerization (UHT milk, 15·7%; sterilized milk, 33·5%), consistent with increased thermal conversion of the retinol isomers. In pasteurized and UHT cream, the increase in 13-cis-isomer was also a consequence of heat treatment (pasteurized cream, 3·0%; UHT cream, 14·4%). The presence of cis isomers in fermented milk suggests that fermentation processes, directly or indirectly, can induce cis–trans isomerization. In the cheeses analysed, the extent of retinol isomerization ranged from 7·6 to 35·0%. Our results confirm the importance of individual isomers in evaluating the vitamin A status of dairy products.
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Salamoura, Chrysoula, Artemis Kontogianni, Despoina Katsipi, Panagiotis Kandylis, and Theodoros Varzakas. "Probiotic fermented milks made of cow's milk, goat's milk and their mixture." Journal of Biotechnology 185 (September 2014): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.262.

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Patil, Sunita. "Psychrotrophic Microbiota in Milk and Fermented Milk Products." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 1257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.13.2.68.

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Singh, Poornima, and Ritu Dubey. "Coconut Milk Benefit Human Body." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i05.002.

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The low calorie and high nutrition content of coconut milk products have increased their demand in the food and beverage industry. Coconut milk products such as coconut milk powder and coconut cream powder are used in various recipes because of their sweet and mild taste. Coconut milk products are often associated with various health benefits. Their consumption has been indicated to help lower blood pressure, cholesterol, improve kidney health, and prevent heart attacks and strokes. Coupled with this, consumer preferences for a vegetarian diet, has been increasing the adoption of coconut milk products. Coconut milk is a milky-white, opaque liquid made from the coconuts pulp. Coconut milk is a popular food ingredient used Southeast Asian, Oceania, South Asian, and East African cuisines. Coconut milk is used to produce a variety of popular Southeast Asian beverages. Condole is a common iced drink, made with chilled coconut milk. It also is used in preparation of various hot drinks in Indonesia. In southern China, coconut milk products are used to prepare beverages diluted with water. According to FMI's analysis, coconut milk products sales have grown at a 5.4% CAGR between 2016 and 2020. This trend also is picking up pace in India. Consumers in India are showing greater willingness to pay more for a product that has health benefits. This has been encouraging some of the leading players to produce organic, vegan, and gluten-free coconut milk.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Milk"

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Querengässer, Julia. "Studies on milk flow, milk yield and milk quality from teats with milk flow disorders /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.stub.unibe.ch/html/haupt/datenbanken/diss/bestell.html.

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Elkashef, Abdelaziz A. "Dry calibration milks for calibrating infrared milk analyzers." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59816.

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Calibration powders were developed using combinations of milk ingredients for the purpose of calibration of infrared milk analyzers. They were shown to be capable of producing calibrations very similar to conventional calibration milks available commercially. A subsequent collaborative study was carried out involving nine laboratories to assess the performance of the preformulated powders in industrial quality control, payment and dairy herd analysis laboratories. The calibration powders were shown to produce consistent calibrations within laboratories and between laboratories and met AOAC specifications in terms of accuracy and repeatability. The reconstituted solutions were shown to be stable for up to 6 h at 40$ sp circ$C and could be stored under refrigerated conditions and used for repeated analyses for up to 21 days without apparent deterioration in calibration performance. It was concluded that the calibration powders perform as well as conventional calibrants, were more consistent overall and suitable for any calibration application. The calibration powders have the stability and performance characteristics to serve as reference standards for monitoring instrument performance and would be a useful tool for accrediting payment and dairy herd analysis laboratories.
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Thörnqvist, Linnea. "A conversation on milk : Exploring Swedish milk history on Arla's milk panels." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356161.

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Sweden is one of the heaviest milk consuming countries in the world. The milk- and dairy ‘giant’ Arla, is the largest distributing company of milk- and dairy in Sweden. Since, 1975 Arla began to use the back of their own milk packages as a channel for advertisement, facts, and information. These milk panels have since, been distributed to generations of Swedes. In this thesis I explore the conversations Arla have been mediating through these panels and further how historical and contemporary debates have influenced and altered the conversations conveyed. Inspired by social semiotic theory, I approach the panels to analyse how language and societal debates changes have shaped discourses on the panels, but also how the panel's comments on and reshapes societal debates. The study has been confined study to five years, 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016. In order to retrieve and analyse the empirical material I used discourse analysis (or as I prefer to call conversation analysis). The theoretical framework builds on ideas of modernisation using three key theories, Social semiotics, propaganda theory and also theories on nationalism. In the empirical findings of my study, I have distinguished key conversations which I think represent the material as well as societal and contemporary debates. The material shows that Arla on the on hand continue on a tradition of milk marketing in terms of subjects and themes appearing on the panels. On the other hand, Arla is also constantly reinventing themselves in their marketing adjusting to the debates and trends in society.
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McConaghy, Elizabeth Cundiff. "Milk winter." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2010. http://etd.umsl.edu/r5183.

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Warren, Kelly D. "Spilled milk." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/309.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
English
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Hongu, Nobuko, Martha I. Mosqueda, and Jamie M. Wise. "Milk Matters!" College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146672.

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3 pp.
Why Milk? Facts about Fat in Milk
Milk contains 9 essential nutrients, making it one of the most nutrient-rich beverages that both children and adults can enjoy. We recommend consuming 3 cups per day of fat-free (skim), low-fat (1% or 2%), or equivalent milk products for healthy adults and children 2 years of age and older. We have illustrated the amount of total fat and saturated fat in 1 cup of milk. A delicious and easy recipe for rice pudding using skim milk is also included.
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Marschke, Ronald James. "Milk enzymes as diagnostic indicators of milk secretory disorders." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1987. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36796/1/36796_Marschke_1987.pdf.

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Studies were carried out on two enzymes of bovine milk, N-acetyl-8-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which are indicators of the udder disease mastitis. The main objective of this study was to determine the origins of NAGase and LDH in milk. The approach used was to examine the differences in multiple forms of the enzymes in mammary gland, blood leucocytes and blood plasma by various separation procedures. The molecular weight forms of NAGase in mammary gland and polymorphonuclear leucocytes showed pH-dependent association-dissociation behaviour on gel filtration, but this property was not apparent for blood plasma NAGase. Improved differentiation of NAGases was achieved by ion exchange chromatography at pH 7.0. This method was used to estimate the contributions from the individual sources t6 the total NAGase activity in milk. Mammary gland was the major source of NAGase in normal and mastitic milk. There was a significant contribution from leucocytes in mastitic milk but the contribution from blood plasma was low. The distributions of LDH isoenzymes were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Similar patterns for PMN leucocytes and blood plasma precluded the use of iso­enzyme separations for differentiating between LDH enzymes from these two sources. The predominance of the LDH-1 isoenzyme in normal milk indicated that LDH originated from mammary tissue in the healthy udder. In mastitic milk, LDH contributions from all sources were apparent. During these studies, assay procedures for the determination of LDH in milk were developed and a color­metric kit test assessed as a field procedure for testing quarter milks. Positive test results with the kit were unreliable, particularly for freshly-collected milk. Improved diagnostic efficien¢y was achieved using a spectrophotometric assay for LDH. Application of the NAGase and LDH tests to the diagnosis of mastitis in goat's milk showed that changes in milk enzyme levels with minor pathogen infections were insufficient to allow discrimination between uninfect­ed and infected halves.
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Roznowski, Dayna M. "Validity of Hourly Breast Milk Expression in Estimating Maternal Milk Production and Infant Breast Milk Intake." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554211389510255.

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Lennox, Samuel David. "The applied mathematical modelling of milk and milk solids production." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317476.

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Crielly, Williamson Elaine M. "Studies on the Bacillus flora of milk and milk products." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308117.

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Books on the topic "Milk"

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Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Agriculture., ed. Milk & milk products. [Brussels]: DG VI Documentation Centre, 1985.

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Varnam, Alan H., and Jane P. Sutherland. Milk and Milk Products. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1813-6.

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Varnam, Alan H., and Jane P. Sutherland. Milk and Milk Products. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2798-5.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., ed. Milk and milk products. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2007.

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Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Agriculture., ed. Milk and milk products. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., ed. Milk and milk products. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2007.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., ed. Milk and milk products. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2007.

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Powell, Jillian. Milk. Austin, Tex: Raintree-Steck-Vaughn, 1997.

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Christine, Sharr, ed. Milk. London: Macdonald, 1986.

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Schaefer, Lola M. Milk. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Milk"

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Braks, G. J. M. "Opening Address." In Milk, 1–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_1.

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Daly, Charles. "Starters: Application in the Dairy." In Milk, 95–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_10.

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Odet, G. "Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Processing a Product at Different Locations." In Milk, 879–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_100.

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Duke, A. M. "Quality Assurance and Image in Relation to the Consumer." In Milk, 887–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_101.

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Atkinson, D. W. "British Food Marks." In Milk, 895–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_102.

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Kirkpatrick, K. J. "Australian & New Zealand Quality Marks." In Milk, 901–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_103.

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van der Bas, J. M. "Scandinavian and Dutch Quality Marks." In Milk, 907–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_104.

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Mann, E. "Synopsis of the Congress." In Milk, 913–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_106.

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Lawrence, R. C., and J. Gilles. "Cheese Composition and Quality." In Milk, 111–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_12.

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Korolczuk, J., J. L. Maubois, and J. Fauquant. "Mecanisation en Fromagerie de Pates Molles." In Milk, 123–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Milk"

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Milovanović, Vesna, Miloš Petrović, Vladimir Kurćubić, Marko Petković, Nemanja Miletić, and Igor Đurović. "COMPARISON OF COW’S MILK WITH PLANT-BASED MILK ALTERNATIVES: SELECTED CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS." In 1st INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOTECHNOLOGY. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.517m.

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The aim of this paper is to make a chemical and physical comparison of cow's milk with plant-based milk alternatives. Selected chemical and physical parameters of animal milk (raw and pasteurized cow’s milk) and plant based milk (almond and soy milk) were done. The titratable acidity, pH, conductivity, viscosity and density were measured by using standardized techniques. Additional parameters such as proteins, fat, (solids-not-fat) SNF, and lactose were determined by milk analyser and compared. The results showed that plant-based milks contain low values of proteins, fat, SNF and significantly lower acidity in comparison with cow's milk.
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Elder, Drew, Ashley Apil, and James Redwine. "Evaluation of plant-based milk quality and stability: A commercial analysis." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lena8109.

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The plant-based food market is rapidly growing and evolving which is nowhere more evident than in the alternative dairy space. Despite dairy milk consumption decreasing, plant-based milk alternatives have seen a steady increase in consumption over the past two decades. As plant-based milk development continues to innovate, new products flood the market from a variety of diverse plant sources such as oat, hemp, and pea. With such varied plant-based milks available, there is a gap in our understanding of what defines quality and therefore stability in these products. This study set out to elucidate factors that influence plant-based milks' quality and stability through testing commercial samples using sensory evaluation and analytical techniques. In an effort to identify attributes that define plant-based milk quality, the sensory profile of almond milk was analyzed throughout accelerated and ambient shelf-life studies and the almond milk was screened for markers of quality using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sensory evaluation found that the almond milk lost its characteristic almond aroma and flavor over storage which aligned with a decrease in benzaldehyde in the analytical data. To better understand the potential reactions causing the degradation of plant-based milks, a variety of plant-based milks were screened for their stability against lipid oxidation using OxipresTM. Soymilk and oat milk were less prone to lipid oxidation than almond milk which is likely a result of their unsaturated fat content. Active research is focusing on testing the performance of antioxidants in plant-based milks to determine their ability to control lipid oxidation as well as any potential flavor modulating effects. While every plant-based milk is unique, the results of these studies indicate that factors that influence their quality and stability include the inherent stability of the plant source as well as the formulation of the plant-based milk.
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Trono, Edgar Marko, Manato Fujimoto, Hirohiko Suwa, Yutaka Arakawa, and Keiichi Yasumoto. "Milk Carton." In MOBIQUITOUS 2016: Computing Networking and Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3004010.3006380.

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Alatalo, Diana, and Fatemeh Hassanipour. "An Experimental Study on Human Milk Viscosity." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-68761.

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Human milk is a complex fluid suspension of many ingredients — such as fats, proteins, lactose, and minerals — that differs greatly from bovine and other mammalian milks. The rheological properties of human milk impact its flow inside the breast and when fed through artificial feeding methods. Past research concerning the flow characteristics of human milk is extremely limited and does not account for milks non-Newtonian behavior. In order to produce an accurate model of milk flow in the human breast, experimental work was performed on human milk donated by eight mothers at different stages of lactogenesis II. The results of this small study reveal the complexity of human milk flow characteristics and the challenges involved with modeling its flow, especially at low shear rates. Within the human breast, shear rates vary greatly from as low as 12 s−1 to as high as 2.5 × 1016 s−1 depending on the ductal system geometry and flow rate. For researchers involved in experimentation, the environmental conditions, handling methods, and age of milk are extremely important and must be reported if the data is to be of any value. Further experimentation is required to fully understand the mechanisms behind the time-dependence behavior of human milk.
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Mana, Devasena Kozhiyott, Arun Mohanan, and Ramesh Narve Venkatesha. "Milk and Milk Products in Ayurveda: A Review." In Foods 2021. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods2021-11068.

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Lemiasheuski, V. O., M. M. Ozcan, and K. S. Ostrenko. "MILK AND MILK BY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATiVE ASSESSMENT METHODS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-225-228.

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There are always byproducts and residues in the processing of raw material into final crops. These constitute parts of the original material that are not evaluated. In the dairy industry, various residues remain in the processing of the raw material milk into crops. “Skimmed milk, cheese water and buttermilk” are left over from the separation of milk into cream, processing into cheese and butter and making butter from yogurt. In terms of utilizing these substances, preventing the loss of nutritionally important nutrients, and also using them in animal and human nutrition, commercial products such as glue, oil paint, artificial fabric contain raw materials such as acetone, alcohol, acid. They are of great importance in terms of food supply and economy.
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Spitzer, Kyle, Rainer Kuennemeyer, Murray Woolford, and Rod Claycomb. "On-line milk spectrometry: analysis of bovine milk composition." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Jose F. Lopez, Chenggen Quan, Fook Siong Chau, Francisco V. Fernandez, Jose Maria Lopez-Villegas, Anand Asundi, Brian Stephen Wong, Jose M. de la Rosa, and Chwee Teck Lim. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.621888.

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Coffia, Adam. "Milk Sad Princess." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Computer Animation Fesitval. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1836623.1836670.

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Draksharam, Hemanth Sai, Ranga Rao Jalleda, Aaryan Siddhartha Vejandla, and Uday Gopi Sai Ram Tadapaneni. "Smart Milk Box." In 2023 2nd International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking Technologies (ViTECoN). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vitecon58111.2023.10157493.

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Potarniche, Ioana-Adriana, and Ramona-Voichita Galatus. "Spectrometric Milk Analyzer." In 2021 IEEE 27th International Symposium for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging (SIITME). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siitme53254.2021.9663432.

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Reports on the topic "Milk"

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Bobe, Gerd, A. E. Gene Freeman, Gary L. Lindberg, and Donald C. Beitz. Milk Protein Genotypes Explain Variation of Milk Protein Composition. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-614.

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Beck, D., R. Darwin, A. Erickson, and R. Eckert. Milk cow feed intake and milk production and distribution estimates for Phase 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5375779.

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McGuire, Mark A., Amichai Arieli, Israel Bruckental, and Dale E. Bauman. Increasing Mammary Protein Synthesis through Endocrine and Nutritional Signals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7574338.bard.

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Objectives To determine endocrine factors that regulate the partitioning of amino acids by the mammary gland. To evaluate dietary flow and supply of energy and amino acids and their effects on milk protein synthesis and endocrine status. To use primary cultures of cow mammary epithelial cells to examine the role of specific factors on the rates and pattern of milk protein synthesis. Milk protein is an increasingly valuable component of milk but little is known regarding the specific hormonal and nutritional factors controlling milk protein synthesis. The research conducted for this project has determined that milk protein synthesis has the potential to be enhanced much greater than previously believed. Increases of over 25% in milk protein percent and yield were detected in studies utilizing abomasal infusion of casein and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Thus, it appears that insulin, either directly or indirectly, can elicit a substantial increase in milk protein synthesis if additional amino acids are supplied. For additional amino acids, casein provided the best response even though substantial decreases in branched chain amino acids occur when the insulin clamp is utilized. Branched chain amino acids alone are incapable of supporting the enhanced milk protein output. The mammary gland can vary both blood flow and extraction efficiency of amino acids to support protein synthesis. A mammary culture system was used to demonstrate specific endocrine effects on milk protein synthesis. Insulin-like growth factor-I when substituted for insulin was able to enhance casein and a-lactalbumin mRNA. This suggests that insulin is a indirect regulator of milk protein synthesis working through the IGF system to control mammary production of casein and a-lactalbumin. Principal component analysis determined that carbohydrate had the greatest effect on milk protein yield with protein supply only having minor effects. Work in cattle determined that the site of digestion of starch did not affect milk composition alone but the degradability of starch and protein in the rumen can interact to alter milk yield. Cows fed diets with a high degree of rumen undegradability failed to specifically enhance milk protein but produced greater milk yield with similar composition. The mammary gland has an amazing ability to produce protein of great value. Research conducted here has demonstrated the unprecedented potential of the metabolic machinery in the mammary gland. Insulin, probably signaling the mammary gland through the IGF system is a key regulator that must be combined with adequate nutrition in order for maximum response.
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Eran’Ogwa, Bronson, Rachel Olwanda, Gideon Cheptarus, Nicholas Cheptoo, Eric Kioko, Peter Wangai, Mary Baaru, Kaderi Bukari, and Imogen Bellwood-Howard. Milk Markets in Agropastoral Areas of Africa. Institute of Development Studies, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.018.

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This briefing suggests how markets in artisanal milk products may contribute to agropastoralist livelihoods in semi-arid Africa. In some of these areas, milk plays important nutritional and cultural roles, but production is declining due to environmental changes. Very small-scale local markets have responded to demand for milk products, offering limited livelihood opportunities to groups with low capital, including women. Participation in small markets based on the perceived high value of heritage dairy products may be more realistic than high-volume sales. Yet, weak infrastructure and institutional frameworks impede agropastoralists’ participation in any kind of market. The Policy Briefing accompanies the project photoset (https://doi.org/10.19088/IDS.2023.016).
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Beitz, Donald, Micha Ron, Albert E. Freeman, Moshe Shani, Alan Myers, and B. T. McDaniel. Mitochondrial Molecular Genetics and Milk Production. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7603822.bard.

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Barash, Itamar, and Robert Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms Governing Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696526.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the research is to achieve higher protein content in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational apparatus of the mammary gland genetically, nutritionally, or pharmacologically. The short-term objectives are to obtain a better understanding of 1) the role of amino acids (AA) as regulators of translation in bovine and mouse mammary epithelial cells and 2) the mechanism responsible for the synergistic enhancement of milk-protein mRNA polyadenylation by insulin and prolactin. Background of the topic: In many cell types and tissues, individual AA affect a signaling pathway which parallels the insulin pathway to modulate rates and levels of protein synthesis. Diverse nutritional and hormonal conditions are funneled to mTOR, a multidomain serine/threonine kinase that regulates a number of components in the initiation and elongation stages of translation. The mechanism by which AA signal mTOR is largely unknown. During the current grant period, we have studied the effect of essential AA on mechanisms involved in protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells cultured under lactogenic conditions. We also studied lactogenic hormone regulation of milk protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells. In the first BARD grant (2000-03), we discovered a novel mechanism for mRNA-specific hormone-regulated translation, namely, that the combination of insulin plus prolactin causes cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, which leads to their efficient translation. In the current BARD grant, we have pursued the signaling pathways of this novel hormone action. Major conclusions/solutions/achievements: The positive and negative signaling from AA to the mTOR pathway, combined with modulation of insulin sensitization, mediates the synthesis rates of total and specific milk proteins in mammary epithelial cells. The current in vitro study revealed cryptic negative effects of Lys, His, and Thr on cellular mechanisms regulating translation initiation and protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells that could not be detected by conventional in vivo analyses. We also showed that a signaling pathway involving Jak2 and Stat5, previously shown to lead from the prolactin receptor to transcription of milk protein genes, is also used for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, thereby stabilizing these mRNAs and activating them for translation. Implications: In vivo, plasma AA levels are affected by nutritional and hormonal effects as well as by conditions of exercise and stress. The amplitude in plasma AA levels resembles that applied in the current in vitro study. Thus, by changing plasma AA levels in the epithelial cell microenvironment or by sensitizing the mTOR pathway to their presence, it should be possible to modulate the rate of milk protein synthesis. Furthermore, knowledge that phosphorylation of Stat5 is required for enhanced milk protein synthesis in response to lactogenic opens the possibility for pharmacologic approaches to increase the phosphorylation of Stat5 and, thereby, milk protein production.
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van Knegsel, Ariëtte T. M., H. Mollenhorst, Roselinde M. A. Goselink, and Yvette de Haas. Milk analysis and cow health : predicting dairy cow life span with milk sampling in early lactation. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/544552.

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Barash, Itamar, and Robert E. Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms that Govern Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586474.bard.

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Original objectives: The long term objective of the project is to achieve higher content of protein in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational machinery in the mammary gland. The first specific aim of the BARD proposal was to characterize responsiveness of various experimental systems to combination of lactogenic hormones and amino acids with particular emphasis on discrimination between the control of total protein synthesis and milk protein synthesis. Based on the results, we planned to proceed by characterizing the stage of protein synthesis in which the stimulation by lactogenic hormones and amino acid occur and finally we proposed to identify which components of the translation machinery are modified. Background to the topic: Milk protein is the most valuable component in milk, both for direct human consumption and for manufacturing cheese and other protein-based products. Attempts to augment protein content by the traditional methods of genetic selection and improved nutritional regimes have failed. The proposal was based on recent results suggesting that the limiting factor for augmenting protein synthesis in the bovine mammary gland is the efficiency of converting amino acids to milk proteins. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Insulin and prolactin synergistically stimulate â-casein mRNA translation by cytoplasmatic polyadenylation. The interaction between insulin and prolactin was demonstrated two decades ago as crucial for milk-protein synthesis, but the molecular mechanisms involved were not elucidated. We found in differentiated CID 9 mouse mammary epithelial cells line that insulin and prolactin synergistically increases the rate of milk protein mRNA translation. We focused on â-casein, the major milk protein, and found that the increase in â-casein mRNA translation was reflected in a shift to larger polysomes, indicating an effect on translational initiation. Inhibitors of the PI3K, mTOR, and MAPK pathways blocked insulin-stimulated total protein and â-casein synthesis but not the synergistic stimulation. Conversely, cordycepin, a polyadenylation inhibitor, abolished synergistic stimulation of protein synthesis without affecting insulin-stimulated translation. The poly(A) tract of â-casein mRNA progressively increased over 30 min of treatment with insulin plus prolactin. The 3’-untranslated region of â-casein mRNA was found to contain a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE), and in reporter constructs, this was sufficient for the translational enhancement and mRNA-specific polyadenylation. Furthermore, insulin and prolactin stimulated phosphorylation of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) but did not increase cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
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Nisi, Giuseppe De. The second Italian human milk banks survey. Science Repository OÜ, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jfnm.2018.01.003.

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Timms, Leo L. On Farm Milk Quality Workshops Pay Dividend$. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-771.

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