Academic literature on the topic 'Military Power trains Computer simulation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Military Power trains Computer simulation"
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Alnuman, Hammad, Daniel Gladwin, and Martin Foster. "Electrical Modelling of a DC Railway System with Multiple Trains." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113211.
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Electrical modelling of rail tracks with multiple running trains is complex due to the difficulties in solving the power flow. The train positions, speed and acceleration are constantly varying resulting in a nonlinear system. In this work, a method is proposed for modelling DC electric railways to support power flow analysis of a simulated metro train service. The method exploits the MathWorks simulation tool Simscape, using it to model the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the rail track system. The model can be simulated to provide voltages at any position in the track and additionally, the voltages seen by any train. The model includes regenerative braking on trains, this is demonstrated to cause overvoltage in the feeding line if it is higher than the power demand of the other trains at that time. Braking resistors are used to protect the network from overvoltage by burning the excess energy. Through the implementation of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), it will be possible to improve the energy efficiency and remove timetabling restrictions of electric railways by effectively controlling the rail track voltage. The paper proposes several methods to validate the model.
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Cherepanov, Aleksandr, Vasily Zakaryukin, and Andrey Kryukov. "Modeling of traction power supply systems for movement of high-speed trains." MATEC Web of Conferences 216 (2018): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821602006.
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Upgrading of traction power supply systems will be required to transfer electrified railway lines to high-speed traffic. Coaxial cables and balancing transformers can be used as technical upgrading means. The article presents the results of computer simulation in the Fazonord software complex of the traditional 2x25 kV traction system, as well as systems with coaxial cables and Woodbridge symmetric transformers. Simulation results showed that the use of cables contributes to a significant increase in the level of voltage on current collectors of electric rolling stock. Use of modified Woodbridge transformers makes it possible to reduce the imbalance coefficient by the reverse sequence on high voltage buses of traction substations. However, the reduction is insignificant and depends on the modes of movement of trains in adjacent inter-station zones. The biggest positive effects occur in the integrated application of balancing transformers and coaxial cables.
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Hussen, Hamed Ali, Essam Lauibi Esmail, and Rahman A. Hussen. "Power Flow Simulation for Two-Degree-of-Freedom Planetary Gear Transmissions with Experimental Validation." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2020 (November 6, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837605.
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The basic relationships among gear ratios, velocity succession, torque directions, power ratios, energy losses, and efficiency are derived from first principles. The techniques presented here can be applied to ordinary, planetary, or mixed gear trains. Also, these techniques provide more insight into how power is flowing through the different parts of the mechanism. Power flow relationships are a helpful tool to study power amplification and power circulation in multipath transmissions. They also provide more insight into how the gear pair entities (GPEs) or gear train entities (GTEs) affect total power losses and allow immediate derivation of the overall efficiency. A representative two-input mechanism is analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of improved techniques. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data of previous work. The theoretical and experimental curves exhibit identical trends with a distinct jump in friction loss. The jump is explained by a change in the way of the power flow through the mechanism. The conditions under which power circulation occurs are determined. The results have important implications for understanding how to improve the efficiency of multipath power flow systems.
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BAI, Yun, Baohua MAO, Fangming ZHOU, Yong DING, and Chengbing DONG. "Energy-Efficient Driving Strategy for Freight Trains Based on Power Consumption Analysis." Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology 9, no. 3 (June 2009): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-6672(08)60062-8.
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Salau, Ayodeji Olalekan, Candidus U. Eya, and Omeje Crescent Onyebuchi. "Nonzero Staircase Modulation Scheme for Switching DC-DC Boost Converter." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2020 (July 18, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8347462.
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This paper presents a novel modulation scheme known as the nonzero staircase modulation scheme for switching DC-DC boost converters. This modulation scheme generates two distinct pulse trains/firing signals when a 50 Hz nonzero staircase modulating signal is compared with a 1.5 kHz triangular wave signal. Unlike the conventional modulation schemes, the proposed novel modulation scheme provides two distinctive trains of pulse-width modulated signals for mitigating low and high harmonics. It also possesses 0.56% total harmonic distortions (THD) of the output voltage waveform system, a power output of 4591 W, and THD of 1.12% in the DC-DC boost converter system. It has a simple design and low power loss of 209 W. The proposed scheme enables the single switch boost DC-DC converter used to have an efficiency of 96%. The proposed scheme can be applied in single switch or double switch boost DC-DC converter based-hospital equipment.
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Ramos, Germán Andrés, Tomàs Montobbio de Pérez-Cabrero, Carles Domènech-Mestres, and Ramon Costa-Castelló. "Industrial Robots Fuel Cell Based Hybrid Power-Trains: A Comparison between Different Configurations." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121431.
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Electric vehicles are becoming more and more popular. One of the most promising possible solutions is one where a hybrid powertrain made up of a FC (Fuel Cell) and a battery is used. This type of vehicle offers great autonomy and high recharging speed, which makes them ideal for many industrial applications. In this work, three ways to build a hybrid power-train are presented and compared. To illustrate this, the case of an industrial robot designed to move loads within a fully automated factory is used. The analysis and comparison are carried out through different objective criteria that indicate the power-train performance in different battery charge levels. The hybrid configurations are tested using real power profiles of the industrial robot. Finally, simulation results show the performance of each hybrid configuration in terms of hydrogen consumption, battery and FC degradation, and dc bus voltage and current regulation.
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Morais, Vítor A., and António P. Martins. "Traction power substation balance and losses estimation in AC railways using a power transfer device through Monte Carlo analysis." Railway Engineering Science 30, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40534-021-00261-y.
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AbstractThe high dynamic power requirements present in modern railway transportation systems raise research challenges for an optimal operation of railway electrification. This paper presents a Monte Carlo analysis on the application of a power transfer device installed in the neutral zone and exchanging active power between two sections. The main analyzed parameters are the active power balance in the two neighbor traction power substations and the system power losses. A simulation framework is presented to comprise the desired analysis and a universe of randomly distributed scenarios are tested to evaluate the effectiveness of the power transfer device system. The results show that the density of trains and the relative branch length of a traction power substation should be considered in the evaluation phase of the best place to install a power transfer device, towards the reduction of the operational power losses, while maintaining the two substations balanced in terms of active power.
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Wu, Jie, Lizhong Bie, Nan Jin, Leilei Guo, Jitao Zhang, Jiagui Tao, and Václav Snášel. "Dual-Frequency Output of Wireless Power Transfer System with Single Inverter Using Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092209.
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In wireless charging devices, a transmitter that applies a single inverter to output dual-frequency can effectively solve the charging incompatibility problem caused by different wireless charging standards and reduce the equipment volume. However, it is very difficult to solve the switching angle of the modulated dual-frequency waveform, which involves non-linear high-dimensional multi-objective optimization with multiple constraints. In this paper, an improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed to solve the transcendental equations of switching angle trains of dual-frequency programmed harmonic modulation (PHM) waveform. The proposed algorithm maintains diversity while preserving the elites and improves the convergence speed of the solution. The advantage of the proposed algorithm was verified by comparing with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). The simulation and experimental results validate that the proposed method can output dual-frequency with a single inverter for wireless power transfer (WPT).
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Yang, Ruixuan, Fulin Zhou, and Kai Zhong. "A Harmonic Impedance Identification Method of Traction Network Based on Data Evolution Mechanism." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081904.
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In railway electrification systems, the harmonic impedance of the traction network is of great value for avoiding harmonic resonance and electrical matching of impedance parameters between trains and traction networks. Therefore, harmonic impedance identification is beneficial to suppress harmonics and improve the power quality of the traction network. As a result of the coupling characteristics of the traction power supply system, the identification results of harmonic impedance may be inaccurate and controversial. In this context, an identification method based on a data evolution mechanism is proposed. At first, a harmonic impedance model is established and the equivalent circuit of the traction network is established. According to the harmonic impedance model, the proposed method eliminates the outliers of the measured data from trains by the Grubbs criterion and calculates the harmonic impedance by partial least squares regression. Then, the data evolution mechanism based on the sample coefficient of determination is introduced to estimate the reliability of the identification results and to divide results into several reliability levels. Furthermore, in the data evolution mechanism through adding new harmonic data, the low-reliability results can be replaced by the new results with high reliability and, finally, the high-reliability results can cover all frequencies. Moreover, the identification results based on the simulation data show the higher reliability results are more accurate than the lower reliability results. The measured data verify that the the data evolution mechanism can improve accuracy and reliability, and their results prove the feasibility and validation of the proposed method.
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Noh, Hee-Min. "Numerical analysis of aerodynamic noise from pantograph in high-speed trains using lattice Boltzmann method." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 7 (July 2019): 168781401986399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019863995.
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A pantograph in contact with a catenary for power supply is one of the major aerodynamic noise sources in high-speed trains. To reduce pantograph noise, it is essential to understand the noise generation mechanism of the pantograph. However, it is difficult to determine this mechanism through measurement. Therefore, in this study, the aerodynamic and acoustic performances of a pantograph in a high-speed train were investigated through numerical analysis using the lattice Boltzmann method. First, a real-scaled pantograph was modeled through computer-aided design. Then, the surface and volume meshes of the pantograph model were generated for simulation analysis. Numerical simulation was conducted at a speed of 300 km/h based on the lattice Boltzmann method. Based on the time derivative analysis of flow pressures, it was concluded that the panhead, joint, and base were the dominant noise sources in the pantograph. In particular, various vortexes were generated from the metalized carbon strip of the panhead. The peaks of the sound pressure level propagated from the panhead were 242, 430, and 640 Hz. The noise generation mechanism was analyzed through numerical simulation using noise characteristics.
Book chapters on the topic "Military Power trains Computer simulation"
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Forgionne, Guisseppi A. "Leveraging Objects for Privatizing Military Housing through Information Technology." In Cases on Information Technology Series, 87–96. IGI Global, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-56-8.ch008.
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The armed services must provide its personnel with acceptable housing at minimum cost within the vicinity of military installations. To achieve these housing objectives, the Department of Defense (DOD) has entered into experimental joint ventures with private developers to construct attractive housing projects on military installation property, with some of the projects reserved for military personnel. To support the analysis of the joint ventures, the DOD needed a methodology that would help officials evaluate the feasibility and cost implications of the housing projects. A decision support system, called the Housing Revitalization Support Office System (HRSOS), has been developed to provide the necessary support. The HRSOS architecture is based on a combination of database, econometric, simulation, and decision support techniques. Its deployment can help the Department of Defense to realize significant economic and management benefits. Future enhancements, motivated by the challenges from the current system, promise to increase the power of HRSOS and to further improve the DOD’s ability to manage its housing projects. To obtain the benefits, the HRSO experience suggests that system design, development, and implementation should be a team effort through an adaptive design strategy. It also indicates that an integrated suite of software development and implementation tools, offering rapid prototyping, computer assisted software engineering, and object-oriented analysis, can promote this strategy. The strategy is likely to work well in a hybrid project-technology virtual organizational form that is established and administered by the practicing top manager.
Conference papers on the topic "Military Power trains Computer simulation"
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Xiros, Nikolaos I., Georgios Tsakyridis, Marco Scharringhausen, and Lars Witte. "Control of a DC-DC Boost Converter for Fuel-Cell-Powered Marine Applications." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78171.
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Economic factors together with protection laws and policies pertaining to marine pollution drive research for improved power generation. Fuel cells, being fuel efficient and environmentally friendly, could provide a desirable option and suitable alternative to conventional propulsion systems based on fossil fuels or even nuclear fission. Fuel cells are becoming fast a mature technology and employed in many various other areas. Flexibility of special purpose watercraft, power autonomy and modularity can all benefit from the use of fuel cells. Specifically, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are considered among the most promising options for marine propulsion applications. Switching converters are the common interface intermitted between fuel cells and the load in order to provide a stable regulated voltage. DC-DC converters have been widely used since the advent of semiconductors. These devices are typically adopted to accomplish voltage regulation tasks for a multitude of applications: from renewable energy power-plants to military, medical and transportation systems. Nonetheless voltage regulators exhibit the need for consistent closed- and open-loop control. Most common approaches are PID controllers, sliding mode controllers and artificial neural networks that are considered in this work. An artificial neural network (ANN) is an adaptive, often nonlinear system that learns to perform a functional mapping from data. In our approach, a typical example of a fuel cell, a power converter outfitted with an ANN controller, and a resistive load configuration is investigated. Simulation studies are crucial in power electronics to essentially predict the behavior of the device before any hardware implementation. General requirements, design specification together with control strategies can be iteratively tested using computer simulations. This paper shows the simulation results of the full system behavior, as described above, under dynamic conditions. Initially, an open-loop simulation of the system is performed. Next, an appropriately trained ANN is incorporated to the switching model of the DC-DC converter to perform simulations for validation. Conversely, during design and calibration of the ANN controller, instead of the switching model of the DC-DC converter, a trained ANN equivalent is employed.
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Melanz, Daniel, Hammad Mazhar, and Dan Negrut. "Gauging Military Vehicle Mobility Through Many-Body Dynamics Simulation." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34400.
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This paper describes a modeling, simulation, and visualization framework aimed at enabling physics-based analysis of ground vehicle mobility. This framework, called Chrono, has been built to leverage parallel computing both on distributed and shared memory architectures. Chrono is both modular and extensible. Modularity stems from the design decision to build vertical applications whose goal is to reduce the end-to-end time from vision-to-model-to-solution-to-visualization for a targeted application field. The extensibility is a consequence of the design of the foundation modules, which can be enhanced with new features that benefit all the vertical applications. Two factors motivated the development of Chrono. First, there is a manifest need of modeling approaches and simulation tools to support mobility analysis on deformable terrain. Second, the hardware available today has improved to a point where the amount of sheer computer power, the memory size, and the available software stack (productivity tools and programming languages) support computing on a scale that allows integrating highly accurate vehicle dynamics and physics-based terramechanics models. Although commercial software is available nowadays for simulating vehicle and tire models that operate on paved roads; deformable terrain models that complement the fidelity of present day vehicle and tire models have been lacking due to the complexity of soil behavior. This paper demonstrates Chrono’s ability to handle these difficult mobility situations through several simulations, including: (i) urban operations, (ii) muddy terrain operations, (iii) gravel slope operations, and (iv) river fording.
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Vantsevich, Vladimir V., Jesse R. Paldan, and Jeremy P. Gray. "A Hybrid-Electric Power Transmitting Unit for 4x4 Vehicle Applications: Modeling and Simulation." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-5855.
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In this paper, a technical concept is described for a hybrid-electric power transmitting unit (HE-PTU) to control the split of power between the drive axles of a 4×4 hybrid-electric vehicle. This new power transmitting unit is a mechatronic systems by its design and uses a planetary gear set and eddy current brake to provide a continuously variable (dynamic) gear ratio that can be integrated into the vehicle driveline between the transfer case and front axle. The paper details the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the device, including its various operation modes, its mathematical model built from the equations of the planetary gear set and eddy current brake, an optimization condition by which the device will be controlled to improve vehicle energy efficiency, as well as its torque and electrical current usage. Computer simulations are performed on a mathematical model of a 4×4 military truck using the power transmitting unit in conjunction with a series hybrid-electric configuration transmission.
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Schaffer, Dennis A. "Simulation Modeling: Risk Free Evaluation of Performance Alternatives." In ASME 1998 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1998-4405.
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Computer simulation is not a new technology; it has been used extensively by military, academic, and industrial organizations since the 1950’s for everything from critical strategic planning to validation of black hole and expanding universe theories. Early projects were hampered by excessive cost, cumbersome hardware, and complex programming but recent advances in personal computer power and application software have provided a basis for rapid advancement of simulation as a powerful, cost effective, risk free tool that can be used to analyze and improve any operating system. Computer simulation modeling is now used throughout the world as a primary decision making tool by all major automotive manufactures, can makers, financial institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and food processors. The Florida citrus industry is faced with a continuous challenge to cut operating costs while improving quality and service, and we are asked to meet the challenge on a severely limited budget with utmost speed. We know changes must be made, and we even have a good idea what they are, but we are not sure which changes should be made first, or if they will really work as well as we think. We also know that trial and error methods of testing changes can be financially risky and disruptive to the existing process. A wrong decision to proceed with trial and error testing can have extreme consequences for both the decision-maker and the business, and many excellent ideas are never implemented due to a justified “fear of failure”. Simulation allows many ideas to be tested in a greatly compressed time frame without committing capital, wasting time, or disrupting the process. Simulation promotes creative thinking and provides credible data for informed decision-making at all levels of an operation that cannot be obtained by any other method. Paper published with permission.
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Charalambous, Nikolaos, Tiziano Ghisu, Giuseppe Iurisci, Vassilios Pachidis, and Pericles Pilidis. "Axial Compressor Response to Inlet Flow Distortions by a CFD Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53846.
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The usual approach to compressor design considers uniform inlet flow characteristics. Especially in aircraft applications, the inlet flow is quite often non uniform, and this can result in severe performance degradation. The magnitude of this phenomenon is amplified in military engines due to the complexity of inlet duct configurations and the extreme flight conditions. CFD simulation is an innovative and powerful tool for studying inlet distortions and can bring this inside the very early phases of the design process. This project attempts to study the effects of inlet flow distortions in an axial flow compressor trying to minimize the use computer resources and computational time. The first stage of a low bypass ratio compressor has been analyzed and its clean and distorted performance compared outlining the principal changes due to uneven flow distribution: drop in mass flow, increase in pressure and temperature ratios, decrease in surge margin. Three different studies have then been conducted to better understand the effects of the level, the type and the frequency of the distortion.
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Wedgwood, Janet, Zacharias Horiatis, and Thaddeus Konicki. "Employing Automation for Effect Prediction and Exploration in Complex Simulations (EAEPECS)." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-50101.
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Support of military campaigns requires new approaches for effective generation of desired effects, and continuous adjustment of the actions, for the entire life of the campaign. Military planners are moving to Effects-Based Operations (EBO) [1] to achieve these desired effects for a combination of Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic (DIME) actions. As military planners move from pure military operations to Effects-Based Operations (EBO) [1], they will need tools to enhance their understanding how the desired Political, Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure, Information (PMESII) effects can be achieved through a combination of Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic (DIME) actions. Engineers at Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories are developing the Employing Automation for Effect Prediction and Exploration in Complex Simulations processes as part of their research into the use of Modeling and Simulation to develop and analyze campaign-level effects-based operations. It uses innovative multi-paradigm simulations of DIME actions on models to determine the probable desired effects, as well as the undesirable effects, while developing a better understanding of second and third order effects. In order for this technology to be useful to military analysts and planners, it must be made accessible to non computer scientists. Our goal is to help analysts and planners easily exploit the power of Modeling and Simulation for exploring Effects-Based Operations through automation of scenario development, model instantiation, integration and initialization and Course of Action (COA) development, simulation and analysis.
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Headings, Leon M., Gregory N. Washington, Shawn Midlam-Mohler, and Joseph P. Heremans. "High Temperature Multi-Fuel Combustion-Powered Thermoelectric Auxiliary Power Unit." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1290.
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With rising worldwide energy demands, there is a growing need for technologies which are able to utilize alternative forms and sources of energy as well as to reduce consumption. While energy storage technologies are rapidly advancing, they are not yet capable of matching the energy densities of combustible fuels. The internal combustion engine (ICE), coupled with a generator, is the predominant method of converting this chemical energy into electrical energy, yet the mechanical nature of this system presents performance limitations. An alternative being developed here is a combustion-powered thermoelectric generator (C-TEG) to directly convert the heat released from combustion into electricity. The solid-state nature of thermoelectric (TE) devices provides the attractive inherent benefits of reliability, fuel flexibility, controllability, and potential for power densities exceeding that of ICE/generator systems. While low material and device efficiencies have thus far limited the use of TEGs to niche applications, recently developed materials have more than doubled the TE figure of merit, a material parameter strongly influencing efficiency. The rapid rate of TE material advancements merits the parallel development of device technologies. Opportunities for a durable, multi-fuel, high power density generator make C-TEGs potential candidates for many consumer, industrial, and military power applications including automotive auxiliary power. Within the automotive field, C-TEGs may be applied in hybrid-electric vehicles to provide power during engine cycling or in conjunction with a TE waste heat recovery system to provide power on demand. With sufficient improvements in efficiency, C-TEGs may be used in plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles where the C-TEG serves as the range extender in lieu of an ICE/generator system. Another application is to provide auxiliary power in commercial vehicles. In this research, a baseline prototype was first constructed with a conventional heat exchange configuration, a commercial bismuth telluride module (maximum 225 °C), and a novel fuel atomizer. This prototype was used to develop and validate a computer simulator, identify the greatest opportunities for improvement, validate the use of the fuel atomizer with diesel fuel for TE power generation, and provide a baseline performance with which to compare system improvements. Subsequent improvements were made to increase combustion efficiency, reduce thermal losses, and characterize the heat exchangers at 500 °C for accurate simulation of the system performance with high performance lead telluride modules. In addition, multiple fuels were tested to verify multi-fuel capability and performance, and the use of a Pt/Pd combustion catalyst was tested to quantify improvements in heat exchange effectiveness.
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Chang, Kevin, and Christopher Johnson. "Multibody System for Virtual Prototyping." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86150.
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The Ground Systems (GS) business unit of BAE Systems Inc. develops and manufactures major ground combat vehicles for military. Because the development of ground-based combat vehicles is a complex process, it requires the coordinated effort of multiple engineering disciplines that include human factor engineering (HFE), product design, as well as modeling and simulation (M&S), to perform design analysis and to predict vehicle performance. In order to increase engineering efficiency and to reduce product development costs, GS has developed a virtual prototyping technology. Using this technology, it enables GS to perform vehicle design and requirement validation in a virtual environment prior to expensive and time consuming hardware prototyping. This technology also enables GS customers to be more involved in the product development cycle and makes the product development process more customer-centric. The development of this virtual environment requires integration of various technologies, including multibody dynamics, 3D computer graphics, networking, modeling and simulation, and the human-machine interface design. This paper describes how multibody system simulations are used in this virtual environment to support GS vehicle design in the areas of crew visibility studies, crew station design, vehicle interference checking, and electrical power management simulation.
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Coffey, Melody, Raymond Dalke, Ryian Williams, Devyn Sutton, Jan Brink, and M. Salim Azzouz. "Active Pneumatic Road Rumble Energy Harvesting System." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52171.
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Transportation vehicles traveling on busy roads and highways waste an appreciable amount of their kinetic energy. The lost energy dissipation is due to many factors such as: the friction due to braking, the friction of the tires on the road, the friction of the vehicle body against the surrounding air, and the friction due to the engine’s moving parts. In an effort to save some of this lost energy, it is possible to harvest it through pneumatic and mechanical devices built into the road, especially on highly traffic highways. With over 1 billion cars in the world, there is a huge potential for tapping into the lost energy, and harvesting it for another use. This technical paper focuses on designing a pneumatic and mechanical system that collects the lost kinetic energy of multiple passing cars. A new energy harvesting system utilizing pneumatic and mechanical components has been developed. In this system, a vehicle’s tires pass over a pneumatic manifold system equipped with exciter keys. These keys are depressed and activate a pneumatic system to compress air. Each exciter key is coupled to a connecting rod and piston assembly. The compressed air generated by many exciter keys is then collected in an air tank and channeled to a pneumatic motor. The pneumatic motor transmits then a rotational motion to an electricity generator that produces electric energy. The electric energy can be stored into a series of batteries. The modular pneumatic manifold systems would be located where car drivers encounter deceleration ramps, when approaching a stop sign, or entering a toll booth plaza, etc. The pneumatic system was designed using a computer drawing CAD software. The vehicle’s kinetic energy losses are thoroughly analyzed and their distribution is comprehensively determined using the first principle of thermodynamics, and the thermodynamics theory for compressed air. Energy losses to the system keys and springs, and different friction losses are also determined. A pneumatic model of the manifold, and piping connections to the air tank has been programmed using a pneumatic software for modeling and simulation. An economic viability study of such systems has also been performed. Parameters such as the number of passing cars and the number of strokes on the exciter keys necessary to fill an air tank are determined. A physical prototype of the modular manifold has been built, and experimental measurements are expected to be performed in an upcoming second phase of the project. It is envisioned that such harvesting energy systems can be used to produce energy locally in remote road areas to power stop lights, or street lights. This type of system can also be adapted to be used with other transportation systems such as trains and buses to produce electricity for their respective stations when traffic is heavy.