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Published: 27 July 2024

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1

Bilal, Kolby. "Black Pilots, Patriots, and Pirates: African-American Participation in the Virginia State and British Navies during the Revolutionary War in Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626268.

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2

Rusin, Demetrit Scott. "Sports Participation and GPA for African-American Male Students." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1211.

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Abstract Improving the academic success and graduation rates of African-American males has been a major focus of both scholars and practitioners in the United States. Locally, African-American males at an urban Title 1 school were experiencing the lowest grade point averages, American College Test scores, and graduation rates in the district. In response to these academic declines, this study focused on the tenets of Bechtol's sports participation theory, which holds that students who play sports experience greater academic achievement and adult success in life. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between total hours of high school athletics participation and earned GPAs for African-American male students at the school under study for 1 academic year and across each term (4) of the school year. A correlational research design was used to identify if a relationship existed between hours of sports participation and the GPAs of African-American male student-athletes from the 2012 ' 2013 school year (N = 36). The results of the 5 Pearson correlation analyses indicated no statistically significant relationship between the total hours African-American male student-athletes spent participating in sports and their GPAs. The sample size was a limitation of the study design, therefore it was recommended to conduct the investigation with a larger sample size. The results of the study prompted the design of a professional development program for local administrators, faculty, and staff called Championing Higher Achievement Matriculation, Preparation, and Success for Student Athletes (CHAMPS). The CHAMPS program prepares school personnel to more effectively mentor, coach, tutor, and teach African-American male student-athletes. The program can improve the quality of education that can serve as the stimulus for social change through improved educational outcomes for African-American male student athletes.

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3

Pitts, Nathaniel F. "African American soldiers and civilian society, 1866-1966." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368352.

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4

Lyons, Timothy V. "A case study of the eucharistic prayer enabling participation /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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5

Richards, Wanda Castleberry. "The Underuse of Hospice Care in the African American Military Beneficiary Population." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2873.

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Hospice services provide a holistic approach to end-of-life care to terminally ill patients though there is some evidence to suggest that African American military beneficiary populations may not access hospice care as often as expected. The purpose of this nonexperimental study was to evaluate reasons for the low use of hospice care among the terminally diagnosed members of this population, between the ages of 18 and 64. Kolcaba's comfort theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. The research explored whether a statistically significant difference exist among African Americans military beneficiaries population as compared to non-Hispanic Whites pertaining to their knowledge of hospice care, attitudes and beliefs about hospice, distrust in the health care system, and advanced care plans. This study used a simple random sample of 32 participants (18 African Americans and14 non-Hispanic White) from a military ambulatory care setting in Maryland. Johnson, Kuchibhatla, and Tulsky's End-of-Life Care survey was used to collect data from the 2 groups of participants. Data were analyzed using a one-way multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicate that there are not statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of knowledge of hospice care, attitudes and beliefs about hospice, distrust in the health care system, and advanced care plans based on race. Based on the results of this study, further research is recommended to replicate using a larger sample size to include other minority groups at more than one medical treatment facility. The implication of this study may open up an avenue to policy makers and administrators who are responsible for disseminating information about hospice benefits to focus on improving the quality of the end-of-life for terminally ill patients.

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6

Solomon, Author Edward. "African American Male Veterans' Perceptions Regarding Factors That Influence Community College Completion." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7898.

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African American, male, veteran (AAMV) students are not completing their degrees at a local community college. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine veteran student perspectives regarding factors that influence community college completion to better understand their unique needs as veteran students. The conceptual framework was Bean and Metzner's model of nontraditional student attrition. The Schlossberg situation, self, support, and strategies transition model served as a foundation to examine each veteran student's personal experience of navigating available community college services to reach their educational goals. Data were collected from interviews with 10 AAMV students. Interview transcripts were coded, and an inductive data analysis was used to develop the study findings and identify emerging themes. The findings highlight veteran student service progress, identify challenges, and make recommendations for an overview of the key results of the data analysis. The project was an executive summary that addresses the experience of AAMV community college students who are not completing their degrees based on the data analysis of the research. The findings of this study may influence social change by helping veterans have a better understanding of resources and support that are needed to assist them in completing their community college degree. The results also provide information that may assist academic leaders in identifying ways to support AAMV students successfully complete their community college degrees.

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7

Amdemichael, Haile Araya. "East African crisis response shaping Ethiopian peace force for better participation in future peace operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FAmdemichael.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Anna J. Simons, Nancy C. Roberts. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-95). Also available in print.

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8

Coleman, Kimberly M. "Assessing African-American Christians' motivational factors for participation in HIV/AIDS ministry /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240690801&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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9

Jackson, Carolyn Williford. "Within and beyond the military gate : educational and cultural development of former African American dependents /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7819.

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10

Lewis, Keona. "African American Athletes and the Negotiation of Public Spaces: An Examination of Athletic Capital and African American Perceptions of Success." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3431.

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This dissertation explores the culture of sport among African American male football players as well as African American perspectives on sport and success. A case study of six African American, Division 1 FBS (Football Bowl Subdivision) collegiate student athletes was conducted along with seventeen supplemental interviews with community members, parents, coaches and former athletes and fans. The participants answered questions that explored education, success, identity construction, ethnicity and sport. Archival data was also reviewed framing the discussion on football in Florida, links between education and sport participation and African American male academic achievement. While many perspectives varied, there were collective trends in relation to how African American Athletes in Florida define themselves as well as their perspectives on ethnicity and sport. The individual perspectives and collective trends are discussed in this dissertation.

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11

Testerman, Rebecca Lynn. "Desegregating the Future: A Study of African-American Participation in Science Fiction Conventions." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332773873.

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12

Thompson, Sandra. "Success of the African American Female Military Field Grade Officers in An Army Environment." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2106.

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African American female field grade officers perform many missions in the United States Army and often excel in their careers. Unfortunately, the factors accounting for the success of African American female military officers' career are understudied, and this gap in knowledge may prevent younger female military officers from advancing their careers. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the success factors of African American female field grade officers. Participants were women who were currently serving on active duty, who retired after serving 20 or more years, or who had resigned their commissions. Success was defined as achieving rank as a field grade officer with high levels of responsibility and receiving no negative reports. Twenty participants underwent a detailed interview that lasted approximately 60 minutes. The analysis of data consisted of applying codes to portions of each participant's responses. Once applied, new codes were modified or added when new meanings or categories evolved. Throughout this study, the participants reported challenges and barriers that were based mostly on their gender, not their race. The primary challenges reported by these women were being viewed negatively as leaders, feeling as if they had to choose between raising a family or continuing to serve while in the military, feeling unable to be as competitive as her male counterparts for promotions for certain military commands, and struggling to overcome the stereotypes that still exist. This research helps illuminate factors that are related to career success of African American female military officers. This knowledge creates a positive change in the military and in other workplaces where females are increasingly working in leadership positions.

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13

Smith, Sherian Lynn. "The influence of African American parents' socioeconomic status on their participation in parental involvement programs /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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14

Edwards, Everett L. Angell Maureen E. "Factors that influence parent participation in the educational programs of their children." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064531.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2002.
Title from title page screen, viewed February 7, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Maureen E. Angell (chair), Jeffrey P. Bakken, Barbara M. Fulk, James R. Thompson, W. Paul Vogt. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-103) and abstract. Also available in print.

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15

Taylor, Sid A. "Is Christ divided? constructively addressing multicultural tensions in military ministries /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p064-0122.

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16

Hare, Louis C. III. "The Links that Transition Ambition to Action| Analysis of African American Military Officers Transitioning from the Lower Class." Thesis, Hawaii Pacific University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10607338.

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The Links that Transition Ambition to Action: Analysis of African American Military Officers Transitioning from the Lower Class Louis C. Hare III, B.S., M.A. M.A. Communication, Hawaii Pacific University, Department of Communication May 2017 Thesis Advisor: Dr. John Barnum The notion of “The American dream” can perhaps be described by one word: “opportunity.” This study identifies differentiating factors that affect someone’s ambition (motivation) as an adolescent and young adult, and what factors drive a person to seek and achieve their piece of the “American dream.” More importantly, the primary focus is to identify factors that offer an explanation as to why some people can rise from being raised in a state of poverty to eventually be flourishing members of society, while others (given comparable cultural, socioeconomic, religious, and educational backgrounds) have no such success. The results of this discussion allow for a juxtaposition of these factors, and also inform future efforts to bridge the gap between adolescent ambition and prosperity in America. This study gleans feedback primarily from African American United States Service Academy Graduates, of urban upbringing, ranging from recent college graduates to senior citizens and consists of a mixed-method approach.

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17

Johnson, Susan Denita. "Terms of engagement what matters to African American college student participation in educationally purposeful activities /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278241.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: A, page: 3758. Adviser: George D. Kuh. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 8, 2008).

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18

Wilson, Gregory J. II. "A Double Edged Sword: The Effects of Participation in Sports on the African American Community." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/756.

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Participation in sports has a strong influence on the development of African American youth and the Black community as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to explore the positive and negative effects that participating in sports has on the African American community using previous works and experiments on the topic. Results found that participation in athletics helps African American youth develop important social skills, creates an outlet to keep Black youth off the streets in impoverished neighborhoods, and establishes a vehicle to help Black youth get into college. However, the overemphasized importance of sports within the African American community through the media and Black families themselves has resulted in multiple negative effects including career immaturity, lower academic achievement and the exploitation of the Black intercollegiate athlete.

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19

Edwards, Elaine A. "African American Student Retention in the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Leadership Program." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/982.

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The percentage of qualified African American senior military leaders is significantly lower than the percentage of African Americans serving in the enlisted ranks. With the changing demographics of the 21st century, increasing the number of African American Army officers is a practical as well a moral issue. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to understand African American cadets' perception of the Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Leadership Program and the impact of ROTC on their lives. The theoretical basis for this study is Sternberg's theory of intelligence and Woodman, Sawyer, and Griffin's theory of organizational creativity. The research problem explored the relationship between African American college student retention and their success in ROTC programs. A random sample of 23 junior and senior ROTC cadets at a Historically Black College and University completed a self-administered survey; 12 cadets later participated in an unstructured focus group interview. A statistical analysis revealed positive correlations between African American college student retention and the level of support offered by institutions, families, and peers. Qualitative analysis using the phenomenological approach resulted in data that supported the statistical findings. Results of this study may lead to positive social change through the identification of student influences that promote academic and military achievement, as well as effective retention strategies for African American Army ROTC cadets. Understanding the perceptions of African American cadets about ROTC programs can enhance recruitment and retention efforts of administrators and instructors in both ROTC and higher institutions of learning.

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20

Raheem, Zakiyyah. "Labor market participation and drug trafficking: related characteristics of incarcerated African- American males from urban enclaves." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1990. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2836.

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This was a quantitative-descriptive study which utilized survey research techniques to examine reports of labor market participation and participation in drug trafficking by incarcerated African-American males from urban enclaves. A stratified sample of 100 was selected from among 678 incarcerated African-American males, who had been arrested for alleged drug trafficking. From the response pattern of those surveyed, Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Variability, and Frequency Analysis were utilized for statistical procedures. This study provided a glimpse into the development and socialization of a generation of African-American males who made an initial decision to participate in irregular (illegal) economic activities. Data obtained from respondents provided information on how individuals respond to extremely powerful pressures which exist in their environment. The most prominent of these pressures is the attractiveness of possibly earning high incomes by participating in the irregular (illegal) economic activity of drug trafficking. The possibility of earning a high income from drug trafficking was juxtaposed with the reality that participation could lead to serious injury, death, arrest and incarceration. Nevertheless, many African-American males weighed the advantages and disadvantages of participation in drug trafficking activities, and elected to participate. Preliminary findings of this study identified some of the factors which may influence many young African American males to forego participation in educational systems which would provide some skills, allowing them to participate in legitimate employment enterprises. One factor of influence which was identified is the relatively low self-esteem expressed by some respondents. Another factor of influence was the perception that society has targeted African-Americans, in general, as failures. These findings have implications for social work in the areas of counseling and supporting an increasing number of young African-American women who will be forced to raise children without the presence of fathers; increases of criminal and mental health problems in certain age cohorts; development of even greater levels of anomie by African-American males; and development of a range of support services for families which have males incarcerated with long sentences.

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21

Whitehouse, Mandy Kathleen. "An analysis of the participation of African-American women in the Chicago race riot of 1919." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303143158.

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22

Zeske, Karen Marie. "Student and Family Perspectives on Gifted and Advanced Academics Participation for African American High School Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804960/.

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Many students and their families do not understand the impact of students’ involvement in gifted or advanced academics educational programs and their potentially positive effects and challenges. Nationally African American students are underrepresented in gifted and advanced academics courses in high schools; however, African American students and families often do not advocate for their inclusion in these educational pathways. A survey of literature supporting this study of voices of African American families concerning gifted and advanced academics participation focused on (1) the historical underpinnings for equity and excellence for African American and for gifted and advanced academics learners, (2) how the lack of an agreed upon definition of gifted and advanced academics by the professional field might contribute to the problem, and (3) how African American parents made educational decisions for and with their children, especially concerning college. Employing semi-structured interviews and a focus group, this qualitative case study examined how four students from each of three groups, gifted and talented, advanced academics, and neither, and a representative group of their parents perceived these programs and their children’s involvement in them within the framework provided by a single school district. African American families in this study asked for a partnership to support their children in building resiliency to choose and remain in gifted and advanced academics programs. Students reported that they could access more rigorous coursework if they were supported by mentoring peers, in addition to informed family and educators. The matching intonations and word choices of the children and parents suggested academic success pathways as students carried the voices of their families with them.

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23

Schwarz, Jeremiah William. "American defence policy and the Bosnian War 1991-1995." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648517.

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24

Okada, Yasuhiro. "Gendering the "Black Pacific" race consciousness, national identity, and the masculine/feminine empowerment among African Americans in Japan under U.S. military occupation, 1945-1952 /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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25

McDonald, Bradley Michael. "African-American Family and Society on the Lands of the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, 1862-1880." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625861.

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26

Tollerson, Latrice Jones. "Challenges of African American Female Veterans Enrolled in Higher Education." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6139.

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African American women represent 19% of the 2.1 million living female veterans. They are the largest minority group among veteran women; however, little is known about the challenges that they face when they transition to a postsecondary learning environment. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand better how this cohort of veterans who served in the U.S. Army during military campaigns in the Middle East overcame transitional challenges to higher education. This study utilized Schlossberg's adult transition theory and identity formation as described in Josselson's theory of identity development in women. The focus of this study was on how female veterans constructed meaning as they overcame transitional challenges and coped with change. The research questions focused on understanding the perceived social, emotional, and financial needs and discerning to what extent faculty and staff helped or hindered their academic success. Purposeful sampling strategies were used to select 12 veteran African American females who attend higher education to participate in semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis of the data indicated that being a better role model and provider; facing financial difficulties; and balancing home, school, and career were among the key findings. These findings on challenges of African American female veterans' experiences can be used to inform university administrators, state employment agencies, the Army's Soldier for Life Transition Program, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. This study contributes to positive social change by providing understanding to institutions of higher education regarding the transitional experiences of African American female veterans and the need to implement programs to assist them better.

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27

Jackson, Antoine Lennell. ""All Blacks Vote the Same?": Assessing Predictors of Black American Political Participation and Partisanship." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4693.

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The politics of Blacks are stereotypically assumed to be the same and share the same race-based root, be it disenfranchisement or solidarity. Given the recent jump in Black political participation and the seemingly race-based and partisan nature "the Black vote" holds, it is essential to investigate what factors drive Black voter turnout as well as what factors contribute to the partisan nature of Black voters. Most other studies of political opinion, turnout, and party preference only consider comparable demographic groups such as men versus women or Blacks versus Whites. This study examines partisan preference and participation only among Black Americans. The data used here come from the American National Election Survey (ANES) 1984, 1996, and 2008 Pre- and Post-Election Survey, election years that coincided with peaks and lows of Black voter turnout since the Civil Rights Movement. Findings indicate that Black Democrats report higher voter turnout than Black non-Democrats, and younger Blacks and those who opposed abortion were less likely to vote. Also, results suggest that although Black partisanship can be predicted by gender, abortion stance, and age, partisanship is largely not a product of demographics or political stances based on how little variance these models account; rather, Black partisanship may be explained by aspects that go beyond these usual determinants, measures, and proxies. Implications of this study show that non-Democratic Blacks were political available to other parties, and it warrants a further investigation into Black partisanship.

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28

Cox, Marcus S. "From racial uplift to personal advancement : African American attitudes toward military service in the Deep South, 1941-1973." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?res_dat=xri:ssbe&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_dat=xri:ssbe:ft:keyresource:Will_Diss_01.

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29

Williams, James Joseph. "Career Ascension of African-American Men in the Army Warrant Officer Corps." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6705.

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The military and scholars assert that the military has created an organization that is based on merit. However, statistics show that African American military men are more likely to be subjected to the military's justice system, they are less likely to promote to the most senior enlisted and officer ranks, they are more likely to receive a negative discharge, and they are disproportionately represented on the military's death row. Despite these assertions, many African-American men succeed within the military structure. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted to examine the stories of senior field grade warrant officer African American men to determine how they succeeded in a system where others face different problems. Data were collected through interviews with 10 African-American men in the army. Data analysis using Nvivo 12 revealed 9 themes related to motivation and resilience and occupational expectations: competence in primary functional areas, aspiration, overcoming barriers to promotion, proven leadership style, mentorship, educational opportunities, establish a career roadmap, excel through army promotion system, and faith. The findings of this study may provide policy makers, recruiters, and those aspiring to become Army warrant officers (WO) insight into what may help to increase the number of African-American men aspiring to become WOs. This study may also help guide the Army in being an organization where service members are judged solely based on merit.

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Davis, Tracy Lynne. "Examination of the Lack of African American Student Participation in Ohio's Dual Enrollment College Credit Plus Program." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1579623529318689.

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31

Nisly, Jenelle Susan. "The perceptions of African American middle school students about participation in gifted programs: A qualitative study to promote social justice in gifted education." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/795.

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African American students have been historically underrepresented in gifted programs throughout the United States. Research about retaining identified African American students in gifted programs is limited. This qualitative phenomenological study examined the perceptions of a purposeful sample of seven identified talented and potentially talented African American middle school students about participation in gifted programs. The purpose of the study was to understand the meaning of participants' expectations, attitudes, and experiences with regard to participating and remaining in a gifted program or participating and then dropping out. Data were collected through individual interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed that participants expected talented and gifted programs to be challenging, boring, or fun. Attitudes about learning in gifted programs included a preference for hands-on activities, the study of other cultures, accelerated work, and a desire for a daily class rather than a pullout program. Male and female African Americans experienced participation in gifted programs differently. Males perceived that they are normal and like everybody else, but females perceived the need to resist conforming to negative African American stereotypes. Recommendations that could improve retention rates for African Americans in gifted programs include revising policies regarding gifted program delivery and providing teacher training with an emphasis on African American cultural sensitivity. The contribution of this study to the body of research literature has implications for positive social change because developing the talents and gifts of African Americans through gifted programs could result in higher college graduation rates and greater employment opportunities.

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32

Freeman-Nichols, Tamara Lynn. "A critical study of Black parents' participation in special education decision-making." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154068.

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33

Curry, Emelda. ""It's This Simple, You Really Have to Want to Be Together": A Qualitative Study of African American Military Couples." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4462.

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Recent studies have reported that African American couples in the military are less likely to divorce than their civilian counterparts. This dissertation was designed to document the experiences of African American military couples in order to understand the challenges they face while serving in the armed forces and the strategies they have used to maintain their marriages. A grounded theory approach was utilized to produce 12 main themes that categorize experiences of both the individual and the couple within the context of their respective military branch. Photo-elicitation was incorporated into semi-structured interviews with 10 couples to identify what they consider to be the important aspects of their marriage, the ways in which their relationships were impacted by the demands of duty, and their perspectives on the role that race plays in an institution that has been characterized as relatively race-neutral.

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34

Sablo, Kahan. "Lift every voice and sing a gospel choir participation experience and the persistence of African American students at a predominately white university /." Open access to IUP's electronic theses and dissertations, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2069/108.

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35

Smith, Maurice Devoe Jr. "An Analysis of African American Farmer Participation in Virginia Cooperative Extension: An Emphasis on the Small Farm Outreach and Technical Assistance Program." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19217.

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This research study examined African American farmer participation in Virginia Cooperative Extension as a step toward fully understanding the role participation plays in supporting African American farmers as legitimate learners within the Cooperative Extension system. This study, therefore, focused on exploring participation in African American farmer programs through the single case of Virginia Cooperative Extension\'s Small Farm Outreach and Technical Assistance Program. This program, which is housed at Virginia State University, aims to support minority farmers who have limited access to benefits from USDA programs. Historically, limited resource farmers have been challenged to gain full access to programs offered by Cooperative Extension.
Using a qualitative case study design, individual interviews were conducted with African American farmers, extension specialists, small farm agents, and the program administrators. Two focus groups were conducted with the Small Farm Program agents and another with African American farmers that participated in the program. A review of the findings indicated that the Small Farm Outreach and Technical Assistance at Virginia State University provide various educational opportunities to African American farmers. The program provides one-on-one technical assistance, distribution of information, USDA loan application assistance, workshops and conferences, and networking. Participants stated that agents being "hands on" was a great way to talk and effectively provide assistance to them. The findings for the study characterized barriers relaying from challenges in the program to communication between program and farmers. Family motivation, technology, and the USDA were other unknown barriers that were revealed in the study.
The data suggest improvements for the program; first, the involvement of more farmers in the program planning of educational opportunities at Virginia State University would increase participation. Second, the current evaluation of strategies should be continued as a method of usage. However, a pre and post survey should be conducted to analyze and discover farmer\'s usage in modern to traditional communication systems. Third, providing additional technological advancement training to agents, specialists, and director to be more advance in the new age, and lastly at conferences and/or workshops, construct more engaging informative discussions on adult learning and farm family motivation factors.
Master of Science in Life Sciences

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36

Brophy, William Earl. "The effect that intercollegiate athletic participation has on the grade point averages of African-American male student athletes at a four year public institution in the Black Belt region of Alabama." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/brophy.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed Sept. 2, 2009). Additional advisors: Wiiliam Boyd Rogan, Margaret Rice, James Eck, Carl Brezausek. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-89).

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Goodwin, Gerald F. "Race in the Crucible of War: African American Soldiers and Race Relations in the "Nam"." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1399548260.

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King, Bridgett A. "The Effect of State Policy on the Individual Vote Decisions of African Americans in Presidential and Midterm Elections, 1996 to 2008." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1342496746.

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Bruening, Jennifer E. "Phenomenal Women: A Qualitative Study of Silencing, Stereotypes, Socialization, and Strategies for Change in the Sport Participation of African American Female Student-Athletes." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392903455.

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Perkins, Amanda M. "Parental Influence on the Sport and Physical Activity Participation of African American High School Females: Percpetions of Culturally Appropriate Activities." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/132.

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African-American females are the least active segment of the population during their high school years (Bush et al., 2004), with a decline in activity nearly twice that of Caucasian girls (Kimm et al., 2002). Differences in activity choice and participation are observed among ethnic groups during adolescence (Goldsmith, 2003), and given that parents serve as role models, providers, and as interpreters of sport and physical activity experiences (Eccles & Harold, 1991), it is important to examine whether parents perceive certain activities to be more culturally appropriate than others. African-Americans may ascribe different values to physical activity, and may have the desire to reject the dominant culture's "white identity" (Corbett & Calloway, 2006). The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first purpose was to explore the types of value mothers of high school age African-American girls place on sport and physical activity participation. The second purpose was to gain a better understanding of the mother's social perceptions of what activities are culturally appropriate for their daughters. Three research were explored: (1) What values do mothers of African-American adolescent girls place on sport and physical activity?, (2) Are certain sport/activities considered by African-American mothers to be more culturally appropriate than others?, and (3) What common characteristics do culturally appropriate activities possess? Semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers of sport participants, sport non-participants, and participants in activities involving physical activity (e.g. dance, step). Eccles' comprehensive model (1998) was a highly relevant theoretical framework through which to view the socialization of African-American females' activity choices. The subjective task value associated with an activity is comprised of utility value, interest value, attainment value, and cost (Eccles & Harold, 1991). Each of the four types of value identified by Eccles' theory was supported by the data in study. Respondents ascribed each type of value to sport/physical activity regardless of their daughters' participation. Utility value for sport and physical activity was characterized by health/appearance, occupying time/staying out of trouble, and sport as opportunity for scholarships and career opportunities. Interest value was characterized by affiliation, perceived acceptance, and mothers' physical activity/sport experience and family structure. Attainment value was characterized by self-perceptions, and cost was characterized by money, academics/time, injury, and appearance. Finally, in order for an activity to an activity to be deemed culturally appropriate, it must be accessible, provide opportunities for relatedness, and be perceived to be culturally appropriate by other members of the culture.

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Pickett, Moneque Walker. "The Invisible Black Woman In The Title IX Shuffle: An Empirical Analysis And Critical Examination Of Gender Equity Policy In Assessing Access And Participation Of Black And White High School Girls In Interscholastic Sports." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/288.

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There has been considerable progress in women's sport participation opportunities since the enactment of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972. These opportunities have allowed women and girls to participate in sports at the primary and secondary school level, as well as at the collegiate level in considerable numbers. Institutions have been adding new, emerging, or growth sports to their sports lineup. Despite this progress, much remains to be done to achieve true equity in women's access to sports. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that women of color may not have benefited from the array of new sports and athletic opportunities as much as white women. To examine this issue, we compare Post-Title IX trends in black and white females' sports participation and directly examine the effect of race on participation opportunities. Quantitative analysis based on multiple national data sets, including the National Longitudinal Study (NLS), the High School and Beyond Survey (HSB), the National Educational Longitudinal Survey (NELS), and the Educational Longitudinal Survey (ELS), reveal that compared to white females, black females have indeed lost ground since Title IX, and that public schools attended by black females offer fewer sport participation opportunities to girls. Qualitative analysis is presented through a detailed, critical examination of the history of white and black women and sports, followed by an assessment of the legal challenges to gender inequality involving Title IX. Although Title IX is supposed to provide greater sports participation and athletic opportunities for women, oftentimes, women of color are disproportionately excluded from participation. As a policy, Title IX is designed to promote gender equity and equality in education, including sports. However, interscholastic athletic access and participation opportunities for females are unevenly distributed along racial lines. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.

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Williams, Oscar M. "Black youth in vocational education: further education, labor market, civic and political participation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39902.

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Perkins, Amanda M. "Parental influence on the sport and physical activity participation of African American high school females : perceptions of culturally appropriate activities /." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1966541931&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Stuck, Kenneth Edward. "Social Stratification in York County, Virginia, 1860-1919: A Study of Whites and African-Americans on the Lands of the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625955.

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Van, Dyk Johannes Jacobus. "An evaluation of the South African Department of Defence's policy on Defence Industrial Participation (DIP) as a defence industrial development mechanism." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1067.

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This dissertation focuses on the local defence-related industry as a beneficiary under the Department of Defence’s defence industrial participation (DIP) programme, managed by Armscor. Attention is given to the main construct of the development theory and how the DIP process in South Africa compares with the international reciprocal trade phenomena commonly referred to as ‘countertrade’. The author does an in-depth analysis of the Government’s policy regarding the defence-related industry (DRI) that forms part of the local defence industrial base (DIB), as well as the DIP policy, procedures and practices and their subsequent bearing on the local defence industry. The study is further substantiated with a comprehensive review of the consequences and outcomes resulting from the largest defence package deal (SDP), signed in December 1999, between the Department of Defence and several major foreign original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and subsequently benchmarked against academic discourse on the subjects of international countertrade and development theories.

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Bolzenius, Sandra M. "The 1945 Black Wac Strike at Ft. Devens." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385398294.

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Bruening, Jennifer E. "Phenomenal women : a qualitative study of silencing, stereotypes, socialization, and strategies for change in the sport participation of African American female student-athletes." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?res_dat=xri:ssbe&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_dat=xri:ssbe:ft:keyresource:Earl_Diss_04.

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Lynch, Michael E. ""Sic 'Em, Ned": Edward M. Almond and His Army, 1916-1953." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/289819.

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History
Ph.D.
Edward Mallory "Ned" Almond belonged to the generation of US Army officers who came of age during World War I and went on to hold important command positions in World War II and the Korean War. His contemporaries included some of America's greatest captains such as Omar N. Bradley. While Almond is no longer a household name, he played a key role in Army history. Almond was ambitious and gave his all to everything he did. He was a careful student of his profession, a successful commander at battalion and corps level, a dedicated staff officer, something of a scholar, a paternalistic commander turned vehement racist, and a right-wing zealot. He earned his greatest accolades commanding the American troops who landed at Inchon, South Korea, on September 15, 1950, an amphibious flanking movement that temporarily transformed the nature of the Korean War. A soldier of such accomplishments and contradictions has gone too long without a scholarly biography; this dissertation will fill that void. This biography of Lt. Gen. Edward M. Almond makes a significant and original contribution to the existing historiography by examining his life in the context of the times in which he served. Almond earned tremendous respect throughout his career for his work as a commander and military administrator from his superiors, including Gen. George C. Marshall and Gen. Douglas MacArthur, but his current reputation as the US Army's most virulent racist overshadows all of these accomplishments. Almond's attitude was not unique; racism pervaded both the Army and the United States of his day. His views reflected the dominant view of the rural white South where he grew up, and did not differ much from those of his more famous peers. Almond, however, would never accept the changes his contemporaries and the Army eventually acknowledged. Almond's reactionary posture stands in sharp contrast to the rest of his career, in which he distinguished himself as an innovator open to new ideas. This dissertation will attempt to reconcile that other Almond and show that there was more to him than his bigoted command policies. Almond's career paralleled these developments in American society and changes in the US Army. His highly professional attitude yet stubborn resistance to social change typified the senior military leadership of the era. When those racial attitudes began to change, Almond represented an increasingly outdated ideology that held black men were innately incapable of becoming good soldiers. At the end of a long life and successful career, Almond was better known for his repugnant racial attitudes than for his genuine successes. First, Almond performed better as the commander of the 92nd Division than is commonly reported, despite that unit's significant difficulties in combat. This dissertation will also explore how his experiences with the 92nd Division, and the Army's later desegregation decisions, embittered him toward black soldiers. Second, both success and failure marked his command of X Corps in Korea, and his personal relationships with other officers obscured some of his accomplishments. Third, while serving as commandant of the US Army War College, Almond would tap his rich store of military experience to push the Army toward a greater commitment to joint operations.
Temple University--Theses

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Hotchkiss, Angela M. "An analysis of the obstacles that prevent the meaningful participation in the IEP process by parents/guardians of African American males in special education." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/87.

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Participation of minority parents in the Special Education IEP process continues to be a concern for public school administrators. With the disproportionality of African American males placed in special education and the mandatory involvement requirement in the IEP process, administrators and schools would benefit by understanding the obstacles that prevent the meaningful participation of parents/guardians of African American high school males in the special education IEP process. The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the obstacles faced by parents/guardians of African American males, grades 9-12, in the special education Individual Education Plan (IEP) process. This study involved interviewing ten parents/guardians of African American males receiving special education services, attending high schools in Contra Costa and Alameda counties in California. The results found the following themes that prevented the parents/guardians from meaningful participation in the IEP process: (1) Communication between home and school, (2) Knowledge of special education, (3) Parental rights and involvement in the IEP process, and (4) Attitudes of teachers. The strategies there were recommended to increase parental involvement were: (1) Engagement in active listening to parents and guardians at IEP meetings, (2) Changing of IEP meetings to work with parents' work schedules. (3) Improve overall communication with parents and guardians, and (4) Provide special education training for parents and guardians to teach them special education terminology and jargon. Lastly, the study provided various recommendations for further study.

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Collins, Kevin Tyrone. "A case study analysis of African American participation in the initial allocation of tobacco master settlement agreement funds to black communitites in Arkansas and Georgia." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2009. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/215.

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Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been a sharp rise in anti-tobacco activism, adverse public opinion, litigation, and new legislation to counter the tobacco industry and reduce use. Despite this sharp rise in activism, the role of African Americans in this advocacy process has mostly escaped the analysis of the political science research community. This includes 1999 when payments to the states began from the historically significant Master Settlement Agreement (MSA), which was signed in 1998 between 46 Attorneys General and the tobacco industry. This research project analyzed the dynamics in the state tobacco coalitions in Arkansas and Georgia. It delved into the roles African Americans played in an effort to leverage resources for the black community. These funds represented needed resources for building capacity and infrastructure. The research used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were gathered by semi-structured interviews with state health officials, coalition members, and policy-makers all intimately involved in the allocation process. Secondary data were gathered from journals, newspaper articles, by-laws and program reports. Information was also gathered from publications and websites of reputable organizations working in tobacco prevention. These included the Campaign for Tobacco-free Kids and Americans for Non Smokers’ Rights.Through the lens of Interest Group Theory research analyzed the role African Americans played in the initial allocation of Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement funds in Arkansas and Georgia. It was found that African Americans in leadership roles are important to the initial allocation process. Despite Arkansas’ success in securing 15% of State Tobacco Prevention funds allocated through an Historically Black College or University for minority communities, blacks in leadership positions were no guarantee that resources would be allocated to black communities.

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