Journal articles: 'Military masculinity'

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Pirzada, Tehmina. "“Let Us Be Giants”." Boyhood Studies 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/bhs.2020.140103.

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Since 2003, a budding collection of English-language war comics dealing with military conflicts between India and Pakistan have become part of the comic book repertoire in both countries. This article focuses on two such comics, Siachen (2012) and Haider (2015). Drawing upon Raewyn Connell’s theorization of hegemonic masculinity, the article analyzes how the masculine role models depicted in Haider and Siachen vehemently deny the horrific emotional and physical costs of warfare. By examining hegemonic masculinity in the comics through masculinity nostalgia, and through close reading of the characters’ physical appearances and their shared military camaraderie, this article establishes how the comics endorse militancy and warfare for the purpose of entertainment and education, thereby serving as military propaganda, regardless of the creators’ personal intent.

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Pirzada, Tehmina. "“Let Us Be Giants”." Boyhood Studies 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/bhs.2021.140103.

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Since 2003, a budding collection of English-language war comics dealing with military conflicts between India and Pakistan have become part of the comic book repertoire in both countries. This article focuses on two such comics, Siachen (2012) and Haider (2015). Drawing upon Raewyn Connell’s theorization of hegemonic masculinity, the article analyzes how the masculine role models depicted in Haider and Siachen vehemently deny the horrific emotional and physical costs of warfare. By examining hegemonic masculinity in the comics through masculinity nostalgia, and through close reading of the characters’ physical appearances and their shared military camaraderie, this article establishes how the comics endorse militancy and warfare for the purpose of entertainment and education, thereby serving as military propaganda, regardless of the creators’ personal intent.

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Myzelev, Alla. "The negotiation of masculinity and identity through clothing choices among Russian speakers in Canada." Critical Studies in Men???s Fashion 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/csmf_00007_1.

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Using information interviews conducted with Russian-speaking men living in Toronto and vicinity this article interrogates the understanding of fashion among immigrants from former Soviet Union and Russia. Using a hypothesis that Russian-speaking men conceptualize their male identity differently from both their Canadian counterparts and Russian men living in Russia this article investigates how fashion choices affect negotiation of identity of these men in Canada. Using art historical methodologies, historical analysis and qualitative research I look at the interviewee’s contributions as a reflection of masculinity in transitions assuming that the forming of masculine identity is a constantly changing process. In each society the hegemonic model of masculinity categorizes groups of men in relation to each other through ‘normalizing’ the definition of masculinity and defining its standards and proper manifestations. This is particularly true of societies where the military culture has an increased presence and an important role to play. Contemporary Russia epitomizes the commanding and rigid nature of the masculinist regime where hegemonic masculinity is firmly established and thoroughly institutionalized.

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Tait, Victoria. "Regendering the Canadian Armed Forces." Atlantis 41, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1076197ar.

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Although feminist scholars agree that there exists a systemic relationship between masculinity and militarism, the exact contours of that relationship are debatable. Most feminists argue that as a primary goal, the women’s movement ought to seek approaches for the abolition of militarism, rather than using women’s participation in the military as a means of enhancing gender equality. Despite admonitions about the dangers of pursuing gender equality through military service, feminists must also weigh these concerns against women’s advances within the military and the use of the military in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, both of which are essential to the Women, Peace and Security agenda. This article therefore turns a critical feminist lens on theories of military re-gendering. I explore whether military organizations that have traditionally valorized militarized masculinity can be transformed—both at an individual and systemic level—to embrace an egalitarian iteration of masculinity and contribute to a more peaceable international system. To examine the possibility of regendering in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), I review 17 interviews that I conducted with members of the CAF from 2017-2018 using theories of military regendering. My analysis indicates that servicemembers are engaging in critical examination of the military’s gender culture, and their position within that culture. By critically engaging with questions about the relationship between gender and militarism, military personnel may be participating in the incremental—and fragile—process of improving the gender culture of the CAF.

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O’Loughlin, Julia I., Daniel W. Cox, John S. Ogrodniczuk, and Carl Andrew Castro. "The Association Between Traditional Masculinity Ideology and Predictors of Military to Civilian Transition Among Veteran Men." Journal of Men’s Studies 28, no. 3 (March 15, 2020): 318–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060826520911658.

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Although there is ample evidence that endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology may negatively affect veteran men’s military to civilian transition, it remains unclear which specific facets of traditional masculinity are most likely to impede successful transition to civilian life. To better understand the association between traditional masculinity ideology and veteran transition, this study sought to examine the relationship between five facets of traditional masculinity ideology (restrictive emotionality, avoidance of femininity, toughness, dominance, and self-reliance) and four factors associated with difficult veteran transition (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, perceived social support, and alcohol-related problems) in ( N = 289) veteran men. Results indicate that restrictive emotionality was the most significant contributing facet of traditional masculinity ideology to PTSD, depression, and perceived social support, whereas avoidance of femininity was the masculinity facet most significantly associated with alcohol-related problems. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

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Yadav, Rekha. "Popular Religious Traditions, British Military Recruitment and the Social Construction of Masculinity in Colonial Haryana." Past and Present: Representation, Heritage and Spirituality in Modern India 4, Special Issue (December 25, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.4.special-issue.04.

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It is generally assumed that colonial institutions and ideologies shaped the contours of masculinity in British India. This paper explores endogenous factors and attempts to supplement as well as contest such approaches and interpretations which claim that masculinity in India was a colonial construction. The emphasis is on folk traditions, religious customs, qaumi (folk) tales and physical culture akh???s (gymnasia) among the Jats in colonial Haryana,1 which went into the making of dominant masculinity in this region. The paper draws upon vernacular language materials and newspapers to analyse the different ways in which the socially endogenous forces constructed this masculinity. It argues that a complex interaction of popular religious traditions, qaumi narratives, military recruitment, marital caste designation, ownership of land, superior caste behaviour and strong bodily physique came to ideologically link and construct dominant masculinity in colonial Haryana.

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Richard, Karley, and Sonia Molloy. "An examination of emerging adult military men: Masculinity and U.S. military climate." Psychology of Men & Masculinities 21, no. 4 (October 2020): 686–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/men0000303.

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Henry, Marsha. "Problematizing military masculinity, intersectionality and male vulnerability in feminist critical military studies." Critical Military Studies 3, no. 2 (May 4, 2017): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2017.1325140.

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Kitchen, Veronica. "Veterans and military masculinity in popular romance fiction." Critical Military Studies 4, no. 1 (October 3, 2016): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23337486.2016.1235761.

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Kestner, Joseph A. "Victorian Military Painting and the Construction of Masculinity." Victorian Literature and Culture 24 (March 1996): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150300004356.

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Fox, John, and Bob Pease. "Military Deployment, Masculinity and Trauma: Reviewing the Connections." Journal of Men's Studies 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jms.2001.16.

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Hulle, Liesbeth Van. "Anns gach gnìomh a nì duine ’s mór urram nan gàidheal: Donnchadh bàn Mac an t-Saoir as the Voice of the Gael’s Military Masculinity in the Eighteenth Century." Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 42, no. 1 (May 2022): 20–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2022.0345.

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The eighteenth century witnessed the changed perception of the Highland male as he evolved from an unruly member of a warrior society to the ideal soldier, participating in the military activities of the British empire. This article explores firstly, how this transformation came about, from the celebration of the warrior society the Gàidhealtachd appeared to be, to the personal identification with the Gael's martial self. Secondly, this article establishes how and why the ordinary Highland man embraced this military identity. As the voice of the eighteenth-century Gael is rather difficult to trace, the life and oeuvre of Donnchadh Bàn Mac an t-Saoir (Duncan Bàn MacIntyre) is used to represent his fellow Highlanders. Donnchadh Bàn spent his entire adult life carrying arms and was a life-long proponent of the military masculinity the Gael displayed. Especially his enlistment in the Breadalbane Fencibles provides a unique insight. When his fervour for the Gael's warrior masculinity is checked against the many letters from the tenants on the Breadalbane estate, it is not a picture of an innately warrior masculinity that emerges, but one of a man choosing a temporary military path to hunt down economic security and independence.

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Olesiejko, Jacek. "The Tension between Heroic Masculinity and the Christian Self in the Old English Andreas." Anglica Wratislaviensia 56 (November 22, 2018): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.56.7.

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The article’s aim is to elucidate the religious transformations of the secular notions of identity and masculinity in Andreas. Andreas is a religious poem composed in Anglo-Saxon England around the ninth century. It is an adaptation of the Latin recension of the Acts of the Apostle Andrew, but the poet uses heroic diction borrowed from Old English secular poetry to rework the metaphor of miles Christi that is ubiquitous in Christian literature. The poet uses the military metaphor to inculcate the Christian notion of masculinity as the inversion of the secular perception of manliness. He draws upon a paradox, attested in the early Christian writings, that spiritual masculinity is true manliness, superior to military masculinity, and that it is expressed through patient suffering and the acknowledgment of defeat. The poem inverts the notions of war and victory to depict the physical defeat of the martyr as a spiritual victory over sin and the devil.

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Patterson, Sarah E. "“Beauty Isn’t Prerequisite for Girl Marines”: Images of Female Marines during World War II." Marine Corps History 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35318/mch.2022080101.

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Quite often, representations of the Marine Corps during World War II included gendered elements that reflected the institution’s beliefs about men and women, their place in society, and acceptable gender roles. The U.S. military has long struggled with negotiating gender, and the hypermasculine nature of the military—and the emphasis the Marine Corps, in particular, placed on maintaining ideal masculinity—influenced the relationship between masculinity and femininity for servicemembers, and the images produced by and about the Marine Corps impacted the appearance of gender norms in the military context. Women Marines’ presence both challenged and reinforced the Corps’ hypermasculine reputation and image as warriors by means of the representation of women’s bodies and labor.

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Nasir, Putiviola Elian. "Dominasi Maskulinitas dalam Militer: Analisis Konstruksi Budaya terhadap Gender dalam Militer melalui Film Perang." Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 3, no. 2 (March 10, 2015): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.3.2.126-147.2014.

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The issue of femininity and masculinity has long been a source of controversy, specifically when tied to positions of power, rights and obligations. Many will argue that masculinity dominates those positions of power, one of them being the military. It is an undeniable fact that the number of women soldiers is far below men soldiers. This is almost a universal trend. Using Joshua S. Goldstein’s third hypothesis of “tough men and tender women”, this research attempts to analyze the cultural construction of gender in the military that is present in four war movies dating back from 1957 to a more current one of 2008. The result of this research shows that although there has been a shift in what is considered as acceptable for masculinity, femininity still cannot escape its stereotype.

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Ombati, Mokua. "Crossing Gender Boundaries or Challenging Masculinities? Female Combatants in the Kenya Defence Forces’ (KDF) War against Al-Shabaab Militants." Masculinities & Social Change 4, no. 2 (June 21, 2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/mcs.2015.1510.

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Few institutions have historically presented more defined gender boundaries than the military. This study examines gender and war through the lens of military combat roles. Military combat roles have traditionally relied on and manipulated ideas about masculinity and femininity. Women arrive in the army with different types of capital and bring with them a shared cultural ‘tool kit’ (womanhood). Following the military’s labour allocation process, they are assigned combat roles, which is at variance to their gendered character. Assignment in non-traditional feminine roles means crossing gender boundaries. Ethnographic studies of the Kenya Defence Forces operations in Somalia reveal the different gendered characteristics of the military roles as reflected in the women’s soldiery experiences. The encounter with military power and authority challenges the women soldiers to redefine their feminine capital, to interpret the military reality via a gendered lens and, therefore, to critically (re)examine the patriarchal order. Grounded on the twin theoretical frameworks of socio-cultural capitals and cultural scripts, and structured on a gender framing of women’s military roles, the study illustrates the complex and contradictory realities of women in the army. The study unpacks the relationship between masculinity and femininity, and, war and the military. It underpins the value of the female soldier as a figurative illustration of the complex interrelations between the gendered politics of masculinity and femininity. It considers what the acts, practices and performances constitutive of female soldiering reveal about particular modes of governance, regulation and politics that arise from the sacrifices of soldiers in combatant.

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Ombati, Mokua. "Crossing Gender Boundaries or Challenging Masculinities? Female Combatants in the Kenya Defence Forces’ (KDF) War against Al-Shabaab Militants." Masculinities & Social Change 4, no. 2 (June 21, 2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/msc.2015.1510.

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Few institutions have historically presented more defined gender boundaries than the military. This study examines gender and war through the lens of military combat roles. Military combat roles have traditionally relied on and manipulated ideas about masculinity and femininity. Women arrive in the army with different types of capital and bring with them a shared cultural ‘tool kit’ (womanhood). Following the military’s labour allocation process, they are assigned combat roles, which is at variance to their gendered character. Assignment in non-traditional feminine roles means crossing gender boundaries. Ethnographic studies of the Kenya Defence Forces operations in Somalia reveal the different gendered characteristics of the military roles as reflected in the women’s soldiery experiences. The encounter with military power and authority challenges the women soldiers to redefine their feminine capital, to interpret the military reality via a gendered lens and, therefore, to critically (re)examine the patriarchal order. Grounded on the twin theoretical frameworks of socio-cultural capitals and cultural scripts, and structured on a gender framing of women’s military roles, the study illustrates the complex and contradictory realities of women in the army. The study unpacks the relationship between masculinity and femininity, and, war and the military. It underpins the value of the female soldier as a figurative illustration of the complex interrelations between the gendered politics of masculinity and femininity. It considers what the acts, practices and performances constitutive of female soldiering reveal about particular modes of governance, regulation and politics that arise from the sacrifices of soldiers in combatant.

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Plys, Evan, Ronald Smith, and M. Lindsey Jacobs. "Masculinity and Military Culture in VA Hospice and Palliative Care: A Narrative Review With Clinical Recommendations." Journal of Palliative Care 35, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0825859719851483.

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This article examines the intersection between masculinity, military culture, and hospice and palliative care (HPC). The authors conducted a narrative literature review, supplemented with clinical annotations, to identify the impact of masculinity and military culture on the following topics salient to end-of-life care with older male veterans: pain management, mental health, coping, communication, autonomy and respect, and family roles. Findings suggest that traits associated with masculinity and military culture have an influence on the end-of-life process and HPC for older male veterans. Specifically, results suggest that older male veterans may deny or minimize physical pain, decline mental health treatment, utilize maladaptive coping strategies, avoid emotional conversations, struggle to manage perceived shifts in autonomy, and experience challenges negotiating changing family roles. The authors provide clinical recommendations for providers across various disciplines to address the aforementioned concerns with older male veterans in HPC. Overall, information presented in this article may be an important contribution to the literature for building cultural competencies with older male veterans and has the potential to improve the delivery of HPC for veterans and their families.

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Delaloye, Magali. "Heal and Serve." Aspasia 15, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2021.150108.

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The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan can be seen as a laboratory for examining the Soviet construction of masculinity during the last decade of the USSR. Focusing on male Soviet military doctors as individuals, this article aims to present how these doctors constructed their virile presentation of self in a war situation and how they managed their position within the military community. Taking a pragmatic historical approach, the article considers the doctors through their interactions with both women and men, examining gendered practices such as “protecting weak people,” “asserting authority,” “expressing emotions (or not),” and “impressing others.” It offers a case study for the analysis of one of the many forms of Soviet military masculinity under late socialism and its place in Soviet society.

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Han, Woori, Claire Shinhea Lee, and Ji Hoon Park. "Gendering the authenticity of the military experience: male audience responses to the Korean reality show Real Men." Media, Culture & Society 39, no. 1 (October 22, 2016): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443716673895.

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This study investigates the ideological implications of Real Men, a Korean reality show that portrays the experiences of celebrities who join the military as new conscripts. We situate the popularity of Real Men in the context of the changing gender geography of Korea. Through an analysis of the official Real Men online bulletin board, we explore how the male audience’s discourses regarding the authentic military experience and ideal soldiers are related to their desire to restore hegemonic masculinity. Our findings suggest that Real Men became a vehicle that was used to demand women’s appreciation of the difficult work of men in the military. A desire to be symbolically remunerated for military service involved the positioning of women as primary caregivers who fulfill traditional female roles. By calling for the restoration of traditional gender roles, the male viewers attempted to recover the hegemonic masculinity that they perceived to be under threat from changing gender relations.

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Millar, Katharine M. "What do we do now? Examining civilian masculinity/ies in contemporary liberal civil-military relations." Review of International Studies 45, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210518000293.

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AbstractIn contemporary Western, liberal democratic societies, the soldier is frequently regarded as ‘the best of us’, taking on the unlimited liability for the protection and betterment of the whole. In the context of volunteer militaries and distant conflicts, the construction of men (and the universalised masculine citizen) as ‘always-already’ soldiers (or potential soldiers) poses a substantial obstacle to the identification or performance of ‘good’ civilian masculinity – particularly during wartime. The theorisation and articulation of a positive, substantive civilian masculinity, or masculinities, rather than one defined simply by an absence of military service and implication in the collective use of violence, is a central challenge of contemporary politics. As a means of illuminating the complex dynamics of this challenge, this article examines charitable practices of civilian support for the military, and corresponding constructions of masculinity, in the UK during the ‘war on terror’. In doing so, the article demonstrates the ways in which gendered ‘civilian anxiety’, through its connection to citizenship, comes to condition the political possibilities and subjectivities of all those who seek belonging in the liberal political community. The article concludes by arguing for the essentiality of a research programme oriented around ‘civilianness’, and civilian masculinity/ies.

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Miller, Brandon Gray. "Military masculinity and postwar recovery in the Soviet Union." Canadian Slavonic Papers 63, no. 1-2 (April 3, 2021): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085006.2021.1912944.

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Brown, Matthew. "Soldiers and Strawberries: Questioning Military Masculinity in 1860s Colombia." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 87, no. 6 (January 2010): 725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2010.28.

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Braswell, Harold, and Howard I. Kushner. "Suicide, social integration, and masculinity in the U.S. military." Social Science & Medicine 74, no. 4 (February 2012): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.07.031.

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Hinojosa, Ramon. "Doing Hegemony: Military, Men, and Constructing a Hegemonic Masculinity." Journal of Men's Studies 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jms.1802.179.

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Hearne, Siobhán. "Military Masculinity and Postwar Recovery in the Soviet Union." Europe-Asia Studies 72, no. 7 (August 8, 2020): 1270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2020.1793569.

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Cancio, Roberto. "Experiences With Machismo and Pain: Latino Veterans." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 6 (November 2020): 155798832097630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320976304.

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Physical and emotional pain from combat-related injuries and experiences are serious problems among Latino veterans. This study fleshes out existing cultural constructs and concepts (e.g., machismo and familism) from the participants’ point of view and may serve as an important step in unraveling the influence of Latino culture on pain, providing a deeper and more critical theorization between masculinity, race/ethnicity, and the military. Using 26 interviews from U.S.-born Latino veterans, this study analyzes the meanings and experiences of pain from combat, masculinity, and how culture affects expressions of pain. The following themes emerged: (a) Latino culture and ethnicity, (b) machismo and pain, (c) the transforming self, and (d) feeling disconnected and dealing with pain. Overall, respondents were governed by strict gender standards influenced by their ethnic identity and exacerbated by military masculinity. Findings suggest that the study of race/ethnicity acts as a fundamental framework from which to understand the experiences and behaviors of pain.

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McKinney, Collin. "“Jugamos a la guerra”: Boys, Toys, and Military Masculinity in Galdós’s La desheredada." Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 44, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/rceh.v44i2.6131.

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In the sixth chapter of Benito Pérez Galdós’s La desheredada, we find children at play in an impoverished neighborhood of Madrid. But what at first glance appears to be a simple representation of boys playing war is, upon closer inspection, a problematization of Spanish masculinity. This article suggests that the concepts of militarism and masculinity were synonymous throughout the second half of the nineteenth century. Galdós, however, critiques this conflation by converting the children’s game into a tragedy.

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Bonnes, Stephanie. "Service-Women’s Responses to Sexual Harassment: The Importance of Identity Work and Masculinity in a Gendered Organization." Violence Against Women 26, no. 12-13 (September 24, 2019): 1656–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219873433.

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Using data from in-depth interviews with 38 U.S. service-women, this article explores women’s responses to sexual harassment in the military workplace. I argue that in an extremely gendered and masculine institution, sexual harassment threatens service-women’s identities as military insiders, presenting an identity dilemma for them. To resolve this dilemma, women prioritize their masculinity and downplay and excuse harassment. In contrast, service-women who have experienced sexual assault or combat confront sexual harassment. I argue that this is possible because for these two groups of women, sexual harassment does not present an identity dilemma. I show how masculinity is used to downplay and normalize harassment as well as to resist it.

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Budiman, Hary Ganjar, and Kunto Sofianto. "REPRESENTASI SIPIL-MILITER DAN KONSTRUKSI MASKULINITAS PADA FILM JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN (2015)." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v8i2.220.

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Jenderal Soedirman (2015) is a historical film that reveals the story of General Soedirman during the guerrilla war to maintain the Indonesia’s independence. The film was sponsored directly by the army (Kartika Eka Paksi Foundation and TNI) and involved the army in its making process. Therefore, the historical representation of this film is a history from the army’s point of view. Referring to Gramsci, a film can be seen as a hegemonic apparatus that contributes to the process of negotiating the interests of dominant groups. This study attempted to elaborate such representations of civil-military relationships and masculinity construction contained in Jenderal Soedirman. It used a qualitative approach and employed the encoding/decoding paradigm proposed by Stuart Hall. The results showed that the civil-military relationships in this film were mostly dominated by military roles. Masculinity in this film was formed by combining the concept of “Kiai” (Muslim clerics) and military patriotism wrapped in Islamic expressions.

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Khraban, Tatiana. "Social and communication construction of gender identity bywomen serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine." Social Communications: Theory and PracticeS 14, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51423/2524-0471-2022-14-1-6.

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The purpose of the studyis to characterize the trends in the construction and manifestationof gender identity by women serving in the armed forces of Ukraine. Research methods and techniques. The socio-psychological approach made it possible to apply the method of associative experiment, the results of which were cognitively interpreted. The associations obtained for the stimulus word «female military serviceman» were compared with the associations for the stimulus words «soldier (warrior)» and «woman», which made it possible to understand the respondents' ideas about masculinity and femininity.Results and discussion. The gender identification of a woman in the army is a dynamic process that aims to harmonize interactions with the military professional environment and military activities, and has three main trends: 1) the desire to meet the instructions of male ethics as a normative standard, to adhere to the gender patterns of the masculine society of the armed forces can cause dressing as a woman masks and construction of an insincere, faked gender identity, as a result of which internal genderconflict and psychological states of alienation, discomfort, dissonance and disharmony are possible; 2) distancing from traditional notions of femininity and assimilation of masculine models of gender behavior, which can contribute to the psychological support of women's professional military activities, if masculinity becomes a true full-fledged identity of a female military serviceman; 3) construction of a balanced military identity, which combines the features of the traditional identity of a soldier (warrior) and femininity. Conclusions. Eliminating gender discrimination and successfully ensuring gender equality in the Armed Forces of Ukraine depends not only on the expansion of women's rights and opportunities, but also on the integration of the gendercomponent into the educational programs of training specialists of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and permanent gender education aimed at increasing the level of gender literacy of female military personnel.Keywords: gender, army, identity, masculinity, femininity, gender equality, gender discrimination.

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Sabrina Ahmed, Sabrina, and Hürcan Aslı Aksoy. ",Wahre‘ türkische Männlichkeit – Die (Re)Produktion von hegemonialer Männlichkeit und traditionellen Geschlechterrollen durch das türkische Militär." Sicherheit, Militär und Geschlecht 29, no. 1-2020 (May 11, 2020): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/feminapolitica.v29i1.07.

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In der Türkei besteht für jeden gesunden, männlichen Bürger zwischen 20 und 41 Jahren die Wehrpflicht. Homosexuelle Männer können sich allerdings um einen sogenannten „Rotten Report“ und damit um eine Befreiung von der Wehrpflicht bewerben. Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie das türkische Militär hegemoniale Männlichkeit und traditionelle Geschlechterrollen durch die Prozeduren der ‚Rotten Reports‘ (re)produziert. Dafür werden Theorien der militärischen Sozialisation (Kliche 2004), der hegemonialen Männlichkeit (Connell 1995) und der Gender-Performativität (Butler 1990) angewendet. Um einen ‚Rotten Report‘ zu erhalten, müssen sich die männlichen Bewerber erniedrigenden Untersuchungen unterziehen. Die Prozedur der ,Rotten Reports‘ führt dazu, dass die Bewerber sich bemühen, ihre Genderperformanz an das Bild des ,verweiblichten‘ homosexuellen Mannes anzupassen, um in den Augen des Militärs als homosexuell und folglich als ,Gefahr‘ und ,ungeeignet‘ für den Militärdienst eingestuft zu werden. Durch diesen Ausschluss von Homosexuellen aus dem Militärdienst produziert das Militär hegemoniale Männlichkeit. Diese Genderperformanz trägt wiederum zur Aufrechterhaltung der traditionellen Geschlechterrollen bei. Auf der Grundlage einer Literaturanalyse von Primär- und Sekundärquellen, darunter wissenschaftlichen Texte, die auf Interviews mit Betroffenen basieren, Befragungen, Artikel und Blogs von türkischen LGBTI-Organisationen, wird die Frage empirisch beantwortet.

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Otto, Elizabeth. "Real Men Wear Uniforms: Photomontage, Postcards, and Military Visual Culture in Early Twentieth-Century Germany." Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture 2 (July 11, 2012): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2012.44.

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This essay examines early twentieth-century German representations of men and women in uniform to consider how mass culture allowed individuals to participate in aspects of gender construction. It also reveals how masculinity was increasingly linked to military ideals. The pictures under scrutiny here were made in two significant but as yet under-researched types of pictures: pre-avant-garde photomontaged soldier portraits and popular postcards. Both of these visual forms originated in the 1870s, the decade that Germany was itself founded, and they both were in wide circulation by the early twentieth century. Individualized soldier portraits and postcards offered a glorious vision of a man’s military service, and they performed what Theodor Lessing has called Vergemütlichung, the rendering harmless of history. These idealized images of soldierly life were available to a broad swath of the public, but their democratization only extended so far. Representations of women in uniform served to reinforce—through stereotyping and humor—the unquestionably male nature of military institutions and, by extension, of public space. At the same time, by making apparent their own constructed nature, these portraits and postcards offered viewers a glimpse behind the masquerade of masculinity. This essay thus also identifies these images’ links to the subsequent work of avant-garde artists and to the National Socialists’ return to the ideal of uniformed masculinity.

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Lippe, Berit von der. "Images of Victory Images of Masculinity? Images of Victory Images of Masculinity?" Nordicom Review 27, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0219.

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Abstract The focus of this article will be on the televised constructions, both in leading American mass media and in the two leading Norwegian television networks, of Bush’s announcement of victory in Iraq on May 1 2003, on board the battleship Abraham Lincoln. The article opens with a consideration of hegemony in mass media, focusing on hegemonic discourse in general, and at times of war in particular. Looking through my ‘gendered lenses’ might reveal how some kinds of hegemonic masculinity are embedded in this discourse and regarded as universal. The intention is to shed light on how non-hegemonic discourses (such as those in Norwegian media) are restrained, in subtle ways, from being counter-hegemonic. By highlighting the gendered perspectives the article may also serve as a kind of feminist and non-military intervention in dichotomic discourses, be it the dichotomies war-peace, victory-defeat or characteristics attributed to “we” and “them”. The approach is strongly influenced by cultural analysis, critical discourse analysis as well as by rhetorics.

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Herzog, Markwart. "Footballers as Soldiers. Rituals of Masculinity in Twentieth-Century Germany: Physical, Pedagogical, Political, Ethical and Social Aspects." STADION 43, no. 2 (2019): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2019-2-250.

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Since the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries, football squads have defined themselves as exclusively male domains with explicit military characteristics. The rules and tactics of football used to be interpreted in categories of battle orders. Furthermore, football language is full of concepts and ideas which derive directly from the terminology of the military. This issue extends to various aspects of German football culture. Early textbooks of football training, dietetics and hygiene understood the physical constitution of football players in terms of tough, soldierly masculinity. German squads used to practise tough, masculine rituals of initiation, comradeship and discipline. Some of the fundamental rituals in this context were derived from the everyday life of the barracks. The military-athletic masculinity of football and the crude ideals and rituals of German student fraternities reflected important social differences between these groups. Military connotations are an important reason for the long-lasting exclusion of women from football culture - not only in Germany. Like the military terminology of football, the moral representation of the players as national heroes who are prepared to accept subordination within a team of fighters can also be found nowadays. This paper will describe the roots of the soldierly, athletic paradigm that inspired football culture even after the Second World War.

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Laband, John. "African Military History: A Perspective." Journal of African Military History 1, no. 1-2 (September 6, 2017): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680966-00101003.

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African military history has only recently come into its own as an acknowledged and viable academic field of considerable variety, scope and sophistication. This study attempts to situate it in the broader context of historical writing. It is argued that African military history is the product of several converging and overlapping fields of history, each with its own trajectory and characteristic source base. These are War Studies including both the traditional or “old” military history along with the “new military history” which has been gaining traction since the 1980s, imperial history, and African history itself. The suggestion is made that two related elements of the new military history are particularly pertinent to the military history of Africa: military culture and masculinity.

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de la Peña, Wystan. "Reading Military Masculinity in Fil-Hispanic and Spanish American Novels." UNITAS 92, no. 1 (May 4, 2019): 344–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31944/20199201.13.

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Sion, Liora, and Eyal Ben-Ari. "Imagined Masculinity: Body, Sexuality, and Family among Israeli Military Reserves." Symbolic Interaction 32, no. 1 (February 2009): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.2009.32.1.21.

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Sünbüloğlu, Nurseli Yeşim. "In-between military and civilian: ongoing conflict, disability, and masculinity." NORMA 17, no. 1 (November 29, 2021): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2021.2009274.

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de Medeiros, K. "DEPRESSION, MASCULINITY, AND LIVING ALONE IN A MILITARY RETIREMENT COMMUNITY." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.381.

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Patel, Preeti, and Paolo Tripodi. "Peacekeepers, HIV and the Role of Masculinity in Military Behaviour." International Peacekeeping 14, no. 5 (November 2007): 584–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533310701753925.

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Duncanson, Claire. "Forces for Good? Narratives of Military Masculinity in Peacekeeping Operations." International Feminist Journal of Politics 11, no. 1 (March 2009): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616740802567808.

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Gill, Lesley. "Creating Citizens, Making Men: The Military and Masculinity in Bolivia." Cultural Anthropology 12, no. 4 (November 1997): 527–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/can.1997.12.4.527.

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Abraham, Traci, Ann M. Cheney, and Geoffrey M. Curran. "A Bourdieusian Analysis of U.S. Military Culture Ground in the Mental Help-Seeking Literature." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 5 (July 29, 2015): 1358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315596037.

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This theoretical treatise uses the scientific literature concerning help seeking for mental illness among those with a background in the U.S. military to posit a more complex definition of military culture. The help-seeking literature is used to illustrate how hegemonic masculinity, when situated in the military field, informs the decision to seek formal treatment for mental illness among those men with a background in the U.S. military. These analyses advocate for a nuanced, multidimensional, and situated definition of U.S. military culture that emphasizes the way in which institutional structures and social relations of power intersect with individual values, beliefs, and motivations to inform and structure health-related practices.

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Reeder, Caryn A. "Gender, War, and Josephus." Journal for the Study of Judaism 46, no. 1 (February 10, 2015): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12340419.

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In accordance with traditional Greco-Roman constructions of gender, the Roman victory in the First Jewish Revolt left the Jews emasculated. In Jewish War, Josephus reconstructs the masculinity of the Jews through descriptions of their daring raids, courageous fighting, and the choice of death over surrender; by depicting the loyal Herodian rulers as undeniably masculine, the Jewish women as unquestionably feminine, and the rebel leaders as dishonorably effeminate; and finally, by exploiting the inherent contradictions in Roman military masculinity. According to Jewish War, the Jews as a whole can be honorably masculine despite the failure of the revolt, a conclusion supported by the further development of Jewish masculinity in Josephus’s later writings.

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Morash, Merry, and Lila Rucker. "A Critical Look at the Idea of Boot Camp as a Correctional Reform." Crime & Delinquency 36, no. 2 (April 1990): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128790036002002.

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There is growing interest in modeling a military boot camp experience in correctional settings. Prior research on the history of military approaches in correctional settings and military basic training and on the images of masculinity that are encouraged in correctional boot camps raises questions about the efficacy of the correctional boot camp reform. The military model may set the stage for abuse of power and encourage increased aggression by both staff and offenders. Research does not provide indications that there will be beneficial effects. The potential for negative outcomes has clear implications for the design and evaluation of correctional boot camps.

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Hirsch, Dafna, and Dana Grosswirth Kachtan. "Is “Hegemonic Masculinity” Hegemonic as Masculinity? Two Israeli Case Studies." Men and Masculinities 21, no. 5 (March 3, 2017): 687–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17696186.

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In this article, we consider Connell’s theory of masculinity through a phenomenon we encountered in our respective research projects, one focusing on the construction of masculinity among early Zionist ideological workers and the other focusing on present-day military masculinities and ethnicity in Israel. In both contexts, a bodily performance which marks the breach of “civilized behavior” is adopted in order to signify accentuated masculinity. In both, a symbolic hierarchy of masculinities emerges, in which Arabs—and in the case of Golani soldiers, also “Arab Jews,” that is, Jews who descended from Arab countries—are marked as more masculine than hegemonic Ashkenazi men (i.e., men of European descent). Thus, while our case studies support Connell’s argument that masculinity may be practiced in various ways, the hierarchical relationship between masculine styles appears to be more multilayered than Connell’s theory suggests. We connect the tension between masculine status, understood as a location within a symbolic hierarchy of masculinities, and social status in our case studies to the contradiction at the heart of modern masculinity. We argue that in order to account for this tension, which may arise in specific interactional contexts, we need a concept of masculinity as a cultural repertoire, of which people make situated selections. The repertoire of masculinity is where the elements and models that organize both masculine practice and perceptions concerning masculinity are stored. While selections from the repertoire of masculinity cannot be conceived as voluntary, the conventional nature of cultural repertoires allows for some leeway in the selections that people make. Hence, it allows for a more flexible relationship between social positions and masculine styles.

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HEALY, ALICE F., ALISON G. AYLWARD, LYLE E. BOURNE, and FRANCIS A. BEER. "Terrorism after 9/11: Reactions to simulated news reports." American Journal of Psychology 122, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27784388.

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Abstract Two experiments examined participants’ responses to simulated news reports of terrorist attacks. Participants were told that a nondemocratic nation had sponsored strikes on military and cultural or educational sites in the United States. Participants in both experiments reacted more conflictually to terrorist attacks on military sites than to those on cultural or educational sites. Their conflictual responses on a thermometer scale escalated after repeated attacks. When tested in 2002 and 2004, 1 and 3 years after the real World Trade Center attacks, participants’ reactions were more conflictual than those of participants examined before September 11, 2001. Furthermore, current participants’ fear and anger increased, and forgiveness decreased, over repeated simulated attacks. Participants lower in masculinity showed more fear and less anger than did those higher in masculinity. This study shows that terrorist attacks produce more than simple terror.

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Zheng, Tiantian. "Embodied Masculinity: Sex and Sport in a (Post) Colonial Chinese City." China Quarterly 190 (June 2007): 432–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741007001270.

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AbstractThis article examines the historical formation of local masculine identity in the city of Dalian in north-east China. I argue that the experiences of Dalian-Chinese men under Japanese colonialism (1905–45) established a model of masculine identity based on bodily resistance. The article explores Dalian men's encounter with colonialism by comparing two different forms of bodily experience: military calisthenics in Japanese-run schools for Chinese boys and street soccer. On the one hand, military calisthenics impressed Chinese schoolboys with a sense of subjugation focused on the body. Bodily movements were performed under the strict scrutiny of Japanese drill masters and formed an integral part of everyday rituals of obedience. On the other hand, street soccer emerged as a popular and potentially creative activity among Chinese schoolboys. In contrast with the controlled motions of military calisthenics, soccer offered a sense of freedom in its unrestricted and improvised movements. Matches against Japanese teams even more explicitly infused soccer with a spirit of nationalistic resistance. In conclusion, I argue that these bodily experiences are crucial to understanding the historical reformations of Dalian male gender identity.

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Wasserman, Varda, Ilan Dayan, and Eyal Ben-Ari. "Upgraded Masculinity: A Gendered Analysis of the Debriefing in the Israeli Air Force." Gender & Society 32, no. 2 (January 7, 2018): 228–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243217750106.

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This article examines the importation of new gender ideals into a highly masculine organization through top-down and bottom-up processes. We analyze how a dominant group of men undo and redo gender to reproduce their supremacy and create a new, “improved” form of masculinity. Based on qualitative research on the practice of debriefing in the Israel Air Force, we explore how new practices of masculinity are incorporated into a hegemonic masculinity by introducing so-called “soft” organizational practices and thus constructing a new form of “upgraded” masculinity. We show that pilots are involved in two continual and dialectical processes of performing masculinity. The first includes top-down practices neutralizing opportunities to execute exaggerated masculine performances, including new technologies allowing recording and documenting of all flights, a safety discourse emphasizing the protection of human life, and organizational learning based on self- and group critiques aimed at improved performance. The second, a bottom-up process enacted by pilots, is aimed at restoring and mobilizing masculinity and includes rationalized professionalism, competitiveness, and patronizing. Taken together, these constitute a hybrid, “upgraded” masculinity where “soft” characteristics are appropriated by men to reinforce a privileged status and reproduce their dominance within and outside the military. Our case study focuses on the debriefing, a process in which air teams formally reflect on their performance after a particular task/event to improve it.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Military masculinity'

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