Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Military masculinity'
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Godfrey, Richard David. "Military, masculinity and mediated representations." Thesis, Keele University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558325.
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The aim of this thesis is to consider how a new genre of war films can usefully contribute to ongoing discussions of masculinity through an exploration of the representation of masculinity and/in the military. This aim manifests itself in the following research question: Under the conditions of a perceived ‘crisis of masculinity’ what is the power/knowledge regime on war, the military and the military subject currently being constructed by a new genre of war-related cultural texts? Furthermore, how might an articulation of this power/knowledge regime deepen our wider understanding of the organisation of masculinity itself? In order to engage with this question I draw, primarily, on a Foucauldian reading of discourse, power/knowledge, discipline and notions of the (masculine) subject and locate the study within what might broadly be conceived of as a ‘cultural studies or organisation’ approach. I employ a visual discourse analysis method to read the texts under consideration. The objectives of the research are to contribute to management and organisation by problematizing and subsequently pluralizing the ways in which the military and masculinity have been conceived of within the literature in order to offer a more complex account of these concepts, and their interconnections, through their mediated representation.
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Le, Gassick Peter James. "The employment of ex-military as teachers : the military, masculinity and moral regulation." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4852.
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This doctoral research has analyzed the employment of ex-military as teachers from a perspective of identity and culture. Using a single case study approach, including focus groups, interviews and observations, the research has explored a military academy within 'College', a further education institute in the south of England. Focusing particularly on the experiences of four teachers who had recently left the British Armed Forces, the analysis employs Pierre Bourdieu's habitus, field and capital to understand the macro, micro and subject level influences that shape field practice. It is proposed that, at a macro level, moralizing discourse regarding undesirable working class youth has been positioned against an idealized masculine military power identity. This has overlaid existing discourse regarding the feminized nature of teaching and the marketization of education. This can be viewed as an ideological tension between a pervading centre-right perspective of education as a tool of social order and preparing the young for employment, dominating a broader liberal egalitarian ideal of education for comprehensive social reform. At a micro level, the construction of military identities was accomplished through capital exchanges regarding military experience and relational processes of differentiation with feminized 'others'. Student identity work used processes of imagination, constructing imagined social capitals through storytelling, symbolic interaction and ritualized performance. It is proposed that socialization with idealized military types, providing conceptualized forms of idealized vocational habitus, provided access to powerful imagined capitals on which students were able to draw in the construction of new identities. The research indicates that there are both positive and negative outcomes to this identity work. The data shows that the identity work through the differentiation of feminized ‘others’ can lead to behaviours that could be viewed as aggressive or abusive. The research also argues that this identity work can have a motivating effect on students who want to join the Armed Forces, leading to successful educational attainment where identity narratives supported academic practice. With respect to the ex-military teachers themselves, the research witnessed the most successful transitions being made by the youngest members; the oldest member struggled to change to the new field conditions, his cultured military habitus disposing him to military practice, resulting in him positioning himself professionally through the capitals of his past.
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Banister, Julia Alyson. "Military masculinity and public opinion in the eighteenth century." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538957.
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Suarez, Theresa Cenidoza. "The language of militarism engendering Filipino masculinity in the U.S. Empire /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3320357.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Sept. 22, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-119).
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Welland, Julia. "Masculinity and violence in the British military : liberal warriors and haunted soldiers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/masculinity-and-violence-in-the-british-military-liberal-warriors-and-haunted-soldiers(1d698a26-2095-4cce-a65c-38bb23b55922).html.
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Over the past decade British troops have been stationed in Iraq and Afghanistan as part of what was previously called the 'war on terror'. During this period reports have emerged of British soldiers engaging in sexual abuse against local detainees, the killing of innocent Iraqi and Afghan civilians, and the use of banned techniques during interrogations. At the same time, widely televised repatriations of dead and injured soldiers have taken place, and a combination of the proliferation in use of improvised explosive devices by enemy forces and improvements in battlefield medicine has meant increasing numbers of soldiers are returning home with limbs missing and permanent disfigurement. It is unpacking how these specific acts of wartime violence have become possible that this thesis is concerned with. Specifically, this project will ask questions about the relation between contemporary constructions of British militarised masculinity - what I call a 'liberal warrior' - and the enactment of wartime violence. At its core, this thesis will argue that a liberal warrior subjectivity will never be stable or 'complete', and that it is in its precariousness and attempts at stabilisation that specific militarised violences become possible. Building on a burgeoning feminist literature on militarised masculinities and appropriating Avery Gordon's epistemology of ghosts and hauntings, I detail a way of conceptualising a militarised masculine liberal warrior that avoids mapping 'hard' and 'fixed' borders. Constituted through gendered discourses and hierarchical gendered binaries, boundaries are marked around a liberal warrior that excludes traits and characteristics a liberal warrior is not. However, those traits and characteristics that a liberal warrior has attempted to expel remain an integral constituting part of what is included, haunting the subjectivity, and destabilising its attempts at coherent representation. I argue it is through the appearances of ghosts - the concrete materialisation of an aspect of a haunting - that notice can be given to the ever-presence of hauntings. Focusing specifically on attempts at expelling - exorcising - hauntings of (homo)sexual potential, uncontrollability, colonial desires and fears, and the brutality of warfare in the (re)construction of a liberal warrior, the thesis pays attention to the materialisations of ghosts across multiple sites, including basic training, barrack living and during a tour of duty. Emerging as the banal and mundane, and also as spectacular wartime violence, recognising these materialisations as ghosts has several effects. It draws attention to the (im)possibility of a liberal warrior and always already haunting presences, it allows the conceptual space between everyday soldiering 'doings' and the spectacularly violent to be bridged, and it reveals the ways in which attempts at expelling hauntings and (re)articulating the borders of a liberal warrior makes these (sometimes violent) appearances of ghosts possible.
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Cornish, Hilary Ann. "'Be polite, be professional, be prepared to kill' : counterinsurgency, masculinity and British military doctrine." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21049.
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Contemporary counterinsurgency has been characterised by a shift from the ‘kill or capture’ of insurgents to prioritising winning over civilian populations. This focus on the population brings a particular skillset to the centre of military practice. Prioritising understanding culture, training, mentoring and relationships, practices previously associated with peacekeeping operations are conducted alongside combat. Feminist literature on peacekeeping has traced the relationship between entrenched hierarchies of gender and race in military institutions and abuses perpetrated by peacekeepers. This thesis contributes to that literature. It focuses on the British Armed Forces to analyse how identity is constructed in relation to contemporary counterinsurgency, in order to understand changing military roles and the potential impact on civilian populations. The thesis comprises a feminist discourse analysis of select British military doctrine. Doctrine draws together practice, teaching, and policy and offers a productive site to study institutional identity. The analysis shows how these non-combat practices are made sense of in relation to different configurations of masculinity, which don’t evoke combat or aggression. Nonetheless, they are constructed as masculine identities, hierarchical in organisation and constituting relations of power. I argue this recourse to masculinity enables the framing of non-combat practices as warfare and so valuable military activity. However, this framing simultaneously restrains the ways in which they can be understood. The thesis further highlights an ambiguity in the texts which argue both for widespread institutional adaption to the practices, and their limitation to a specific specialism and personnel. This ambiguity I argue is productive for an institution facing an uncertain future, leaving open possibilities for reform, or to revert to focussing on traditional understandings of core combat related military tasks. This thesis contributes to feminist debate about the possibility for military reform, and the capacity for Armed Forces to act as agents for peace. I argue that military reform is possible and occurring; the British Armed Forces are developing more sophisticated approaches to gender, human security and culture. However, whilst this is likely to have some benefit, the (re)establishment of gendered and raced hierarchies, limit the extent to which such reform offers meaningful change.
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Lacey, Karen Elizabeth. "Recruitment, recompense and masculinity : the military man in French and British fiction 1740-1789." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/recruitment-recompense-and-masculinity(fa64a63f-27fc-4bf8-9144-44ee608282ae).html.
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This thesis looks at the conception and representation of military men in British and French literature 1740-1789 as the military man moved from non-national ‘archetype’ (warrior, knight, noble) toward nationalised professional (officer, soldier, sailor). The dates that frame the corpus contain the last two European wars before the French Revolution: the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48) and the Seven Years War (1756-1763). In literature, the ancient concepts of heroism and glory had to contend with newer models of merit and virtue. Drawn together by warfare, this transformation also united British and French culture via two factors that lay outside the limits of national identity: shared origins in the dynastic realm and the public’s growing taste for narratives with contemporary settings and moral themes. The methodologies employed permit an examination of the cultural and historical dimension of identity construction: Judith Butler demonstrates how gender ‘styles’ are brought into being through performative acts, giving them coherence through repetition; styles of masculinity were re-imagined in eighteenth-century literature. Benedict Anderson’s explanation for the rise of nationalism reveals a process begun in the late eighteenth-century, displacing ancient and deeply held relationships. Five thematic chapters treat: the sword as ‘signifier’ for an ancient and founding masculinity and its relation to honour culture; young military men advancing merit and subalternism as alternatives to hierarchical models; the veteran, created by society and functioning as the ideological ‘other’ to the new civilian; the mercenary soldier and the moral significance of markets in men; and finally, the justicier, an eighteenth-century literary figure who combines a new model of chivalry with military authority to pursue ‘poetic justice.’ It is my contention that in this period, with the ‘nobleman’ long gone, the military man, not a ‘civilian’ and no longer associated with the ‘aristocrat’, became a separate class of man.
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Alt, Marcus Christopher. "The experiences of gay, military men and the impact on one's sense of masculinity." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1948.
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Literature has offered insight into aspects of traditional masculine gender norms in shaping expectations of soldiers (Arkin & Dobrofsky, 1978; Green et al., 2010; Johnson, 2010; Lorber & Garcia, 2010; Shawver, 1995), yet there has been little consideration of how these norms affect gay identified servicemen. For centuries, military policies have made efforts to restrict gay individuals from serving openly or at all, leading to inquiry about the effectiveness of these individuals as service members and the impact on unit cohesion (Burrelli, 2012; Parco & Levy, 2010; Shawver, 1995; Zellman, 1996). The current study examines the experiences of gay service men and the impact on the expression of their masculine and gay identity while in the military. The researcher explores the definition of masculinity in the military, its role in the expression of gay sexual identity, experiences of and participation in acts of homophobia by self or others, and participants’ perception of the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy repeal, as it relates to their comfort with expressing their gay identity.
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Efthymiou, Stratis Andreas. "Nationalism, militarism and masculinity in post-2003 Cyprus." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54049/.
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This thesis addresses the relationship between Greek Cypriot nationalism, militarism and masculinity following the opening of the borders in Cyprus between North and South in 2003. Drawing upon empirical research conducted in Cyprus in 2011, the thesis argues that there is an integral relation between nationalism, militarism and masculinity and that since the opening of the borders, there has been a re-constitution of this relationship. In the re-constitution of this relationship what appears as the weakening of each component is illustrated to be an adapted reiteration of its co-constitution under new social and political parameters. This adapted reiteration is a continuation of the Greek Cypriot perceived nationalist militarist masculinist stance of power in the conflict situation against ‘occupation' and explains, amongst other post – 2003 nationalist, militarist and masculinist reiterations, as to why the opening of the borders has not helped in the bringing together of the two communities. On the contrary, in fact, in some cases the adapted reiterations have helped new divisions to emerge. The research reveals that the inextricability of masculinity in this three-fold co-constitutive relationship is significant in the adapted reiteration of an identity, which exists beneath the politically symbolic or institutional level – and is hindering the process of reconciliation. It is argued that despite there being a shifting away of the hegemonic masculinity of men from the national struggle, and thus also the conscription service, towards a transnational entrepreneurial masculinity, there remains a broader masculinist discourse in this co-constitutive relationship, which I name in this thesis as nationalist militarised masculinity. This is significant because it is a discourse that is integral to this Greek Cypriot nationalist militarist masculinist stance, with its adapted reiterations, that creates obstacles for reconciliation. The results of this thesis highlight the necessity of addressing the co-constitution of nationalism, militarism and masculinity in Cyprus and likewise in other post-armed conflict societies.
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Kelly, Clinton Dean. "The Interactive Effects of Deployment and Other Organizational Dynamics on Sexual Harassment in the Military." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6693.
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Higher rates of sexual harassment in the military have been well documented in the existing literature. However, not much is known about how the deployment of women effects the odds of sexual harassment of females. This study used three public use datasets collected by the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) in 2006, 2010, and 2012 from active duty soldiers in the Air Force, Army, Marines, and Navy to evaluate the effect of deployment on five different types of sexual harassment. Organizational factors such as sex-ratio, paygrade, masculinity, and organizational climate were also evaluated in relation to sexual harassment. Lastly, the interaction effects of organizational factors and deployment were evaluated in regards to sexual harassment. Females who had been deployed were more likely to experience all types of sexual harassment compared to non-deployed females. All organizational climate variables also had significant effects on odds of sexual harassment. The interactive effects of deployment and organizational factors on sexual harassment were less clear, with the only reliable interaction being paygrade with deployment. Future research should further evaluate the relationship between deployment and sexual harassment, especially for women serving in combat zones. The organizational factors that can mitigate sexual harassment in deployment situations need further investigation so that female soldiers can become more integrated into traditionally masculine combat roles without a corresponding increase in sexual harassment.
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Kuloglu, Ceyda. "The Military In Turkey From A Gender Perspective." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605934/index.pdf.
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This thesis demonstrates the experiences of the women from different generations in the Turkish Military in the integration process. It also evaluates the attitudes of the men in the military towards this integration.
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Fisher, Kimberley D. "The press and the framing of military gender and sexuality policies in Britain and the United States." Thesis, University of Essex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339228.
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Gandal, Christine. "Military Masculinities and Gender Training : A qualitative analysis of The Nordic Centre of Gender in Military Operations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444562.
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This thesis investigates the notions of military masculinities in the gender training of the Nordic Centre of Gender in Military Operations (NCGM). Military masculinities are argued to create problematic gender norms that value men and devalue women. Therefore, there is a need to see if NCGM does reinforce or construct these gender norms into their training. The masculine norms are constructed as a dichotomy to the female norms, giving traits such as men being protectors and women the protected, and men being perpetrators and women being victims. The study is carried out through a qualitative text analysis of publications found on NCGM’s website. The analysis examines the extent of military masculine traits in their publications, and how these traits are depicted. The results show that NCGM is aware of the gender stereotypes of military masculinities, but they still do depict men and women in stereotypical feminine and masculine roles.
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Conway, Daniel John. "Masculinity, citizenship and political objection to compulsory military service in the South African Defence Force, 1978-1990." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008383.
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This thesis conceptualises compulsory military service and objection to it as public performative acts that generate gendered and political identity. Conscription was the primary performance of citizenship and masculinity for white men in apartheid South Africa. Conscription was also a key governance strategy both in terms of upholding the authority of the state and in engendering discipline in the white population. Objection to military service was therefore a destabilising and transgressive public act. Competing conceptualisations of masculinity and citizenship are inherent in pro and anti-conscription discourses. The refusal to undertake military service places men outside the accepted means of graduating to ' real' manhood and patriotic citizenship. Although objection can be an iconic and transgressive act, objectors have an essentially ambivalent subjectivity in the public realm. Objectors are 'strangers' in a socially constructed and gendered binary of 'insiders' and 'outsiders' . This ambivalent status creates opportunities but also constraints for the performance of objection. The thesis analyses the effectiveness of objectors' performances and argues that there is a distinction between a radical challenge to hegemonic conceptions of militarised masculinity and citizenship and assimilatory challenges. The tension between radicalism and assimilation comes to the fore in response to the state's attacks on objectors. The militarised apartheid state is defined as not only masculine but heteronormative terms and it is the deployment of sexuality that is its most effective means of stigmatising and restricting the performance of objection. The thesis uses interview material, archival data and case studies and concludes that objectors (and their supporters) weaved multiple narratives into their performances but that as the 1980s progressed, the performance of objection to conscription became assimilatory and this demonstrates the heteronormativity of the state, military service and the public realm.KMBT_363
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Ross, Jon. "Conflicting Discourses of Masculinity in the Military Community of Practice| Narratives of Afghan/Iraq War Combat Veterans." Thesis, Union Institute and University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3664099.
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Aaron Belkin argues that military men must navigate "binary oppositions" of masculine and anti-masculine or feminine behaviors, mostly of a physical nature, to be considered good soldiers/good men. Embracing these polar behaviors of strong and weak, expressing the masculine aggressiveness expected of them hand-in-hand with the non-masculine submissiveness of obedience to superiors, creates "double binds," he argued. This study expands on and challenges Belkin's theory by identifying how soldiers' navigation of conflicting gendered discourses may extend beyond the body and the barracks. The study identified physical/psychological toughness and leadership and duty/respect as core masculine military discourses consistent with the literature. It also uncovered soldiers'/veterans' conflicting expectations around the expression of emotions, particularly in how they must navigate a military community of practice that breeds deep bonds and affection among men yet conditions them to defer or compartmentalize expression of emotions about their comrades. This conflict between the subjugation of the individual and the deferral of emotions may create more contradictory discourses when combat soldiers re-enter mass culture and its expectations of self-made masculinity. The study's findings raise interesting questions about how participants experience and articulate "being a man" both in the military and civilian worlds and may contribute to better understanding the difficulties some veterans face, including psychological/mental health issues, upon their return to civilian life. The study has potentially important ramifications for policy at many levels, particularly around how the military and society at-large facilitate and ease re-entry and re-engagement of veterans.
Keywords: Masculinity, public policy, military, veterans, communication, mental health
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Brittan, Owen. "British masculinities beyond patriarchy, 1689-1702." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271236.
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This research project examines multiple constructions of masculinity during the reign of William III (1689-1702), a period often overlooked by historians of masculinity. Historical interpretations of masculinity in the early modern period have focused heavily on patriarchal models of masculinity and the accompanying gendered relationships and expectations associated with the household. Recently, historians have turned their attention to cultures of politeness and civility in the public sphere. Yet masculinity in this period was more diverse than these prominent models allow because it could be constructed through a number of different processes. Using normative literature and experiential records, this project seeks to add to the scholarship on nonpatriarchal constructions, understandings, and norms of masculinity. Four non-domestic settings were particularly prominent and recurrent throughout the autobiographical sources and normative literature of the period: the military, government and public service, commerce, and religion. The norms associated with each setting were complex. Moreover, these norms sometimes varied between settings in ways that created tension. Negotiating masculinity in accordance with the normative expectations of various settings could be taxing. Each of these four settings constitutes a chapter in this dissertation, along with a final chapter that shifts the focus beyond the British Isles to how British colonists, travellers, and traders experienced the foreign hardships, climates, and peoples of the geographical periphery, which often necessitated further alternative constructions of masculinity. Grounded upon men's experience recorded in their own words in diaries, journals, and memoirs, this project highlights the numerous ways of establishing manhood and demonstrates the variability of masculinity as an identity that is both subjective and socially contingent. Examining settings of masculinity outside of the household and beyond male female relations at the turn of the eighteenth century confirms that masculinity is multiple, nuanced, complicated, and (at times) anxious.
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Greenwood, Lauren Amy. "British military stabilisation training and the negotiation of masculinity : "it's not pink and fluffy, it's difficult and dangerous"." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45316/.
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Miller, Jonson William. "Citizen Soldiers and Professional Engineers: The Antebellum Engineering Culture of the Virginia Military Institute." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29135.
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The founders and officers of the Virginia Military Institute, one of the few American engineering schools in the antebellum period, embedded a particular engineering culture into the curriculum and discipline of the school. This occurred, in some cases, as a consequence of struggles by the elite of western Virginia to gain a greater share of political power in the commonwealth and by the officers of VMI for authority within the field of higher education. In other cases, the engineering culture was crafted as a deliberate strategy within the above struggles. Among the features embedded was the key feature of requiring the subordination of one’s own local and individual interests and identities (class, regional, denominational, etc.) to the service of the commonwealth and nation. This particular articulation of service meant the performance of “practical” and “useful” work of internal improvements for the development and defense of the commonwealth and the nation. The students learned and were to employ an engineering knowledge derived from fundamental physical and mathematical principles, as opposed to a craft knowledge learned on the job. To carry out such work and to even develop the capacity to subordinate their own interests, the cadets were disciplined into certain necessary traits, including moral character, industriousness, selfrestraint, self-discipline, and subordination to authority. To be an engineer was to be a particular kind of man. The above traits were predicated upon the engineers being white men, who, in a new “imagined fraternity” of equal white men, were innately independent, in contrast to white women and blacks, who were innately dependent. Having acquired a mathematically-intensive engineering education and the character necessary to perform engineering work, the graduates of VMI who became engineers were to enter their field as middle-class professionals who could claim an objective knowledge and a disinterested service to the commonwealth and nation, rather than to just their own career aspirations.Ph. D.
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Rueb, Justin Duane. "Intelligence, dominance, masculinity-femininity, and self-monitoring: the use of traits in predicting leadership emergence in a military setting." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39139.
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Fredenman, Ljubomir. "Positivister och konstruktivister på partnerrelaterat våld i relation till könsmaktsordning: En meta-analys på forskning om dysfunktioner i militära familjer ur två vetenskapliga perspektiv." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23519.
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Denna C-uppsats är en meta-analys som granskar 20 vetenskapliga artiklar om partnerrelaterat våld, grymheter i krig och könsmaktsordningar i militära familjer. Alla studier är publicerade mellan 1978 och 2011 och behandlar våld i parrelationer, grymheter som begåtts av både manliga och kvinnliga soldater och kausala samband mellan krig, militarism och det civila samhället. Mitt mål är att testa teorin som säger att krig beror på patriarkala köns-strukturer som konstruerar stereotypa maskuliniteter och femininiteter, vilka i sin tur definierar män som starka, aggressiva och känslolösa, medan kvinnor antas vara svaga, sårbara, och vårdande. Genom att undersöka och jämföra variabler i både positivistisk och konstruktivistisk forskning, söker jag likheter och skillnader som kan ge en vidare förståelse för hur detta fenomen är sammansatt.This BA thesis is a meta-analysis that reviews 21 empirical studies on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and gender-relations among military families and the environmental structures in where they live and operate. All studies were published between 1978 and 2011 and reported Intimate Partner Violence in both military and civilian families, atrocities committed by both male and female soldiers and causalities on war and violence. My aim is to test the theory that says; war is depending on patriarchal gender-structures, that construct stereotype masculinities and femininities, which define men as strong, aggressive, and unemotional, while women are assumed to be weak, vulnerable, and caring. By examining both positivist and constructivist research, my ambition is to identify differences and similarities in those approaches, which can contribute to a wider understanding on this specific phenomenon.
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Crowder, Max Ramme. "Ray Stannard Baker's "Seen in Germany" and Militarized Masculine Identity around 1900." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1342551792.
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Trulsson, Linnea, and Edvard Johansson. "Ingen liten lort? : En textanalys om manlighet i Värnpliktsnytt åren 1971-1991." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26338.
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This essay examines masculinity in the Swedish military paper Värnpliktsnytt during 1971-1991. The purpose is to study the masculine norms and the hegemonic masculinity that Värnpliktsnytt conveys during these years. Värnpliktsnytt was handed out for free to all soldiers during 1971-2010. During the 1970’s the women were only allowed on non-combat posts and in the 1980’s they more and more were included and accepted as soldiers and staff in the military. In 1989 women were allowed to apply for active and non-combat duty in all military sectors. This affected the masculine ideal of Värnpliktsnytt, and the desirable view of man started to change. Before the 1980’s strong men in the ranger divisions constituted the hegemonic masculinity’s peak, but during this decade the regular conscripted soldiers with more individual thought and softer feelings rose in the hegemonic hierarchy. Also with the common debate on gender equality men in the military was encouraged to take a bigger part in the home life and to act more responsible towards the upbringing of the children. Apart from the duty to family, the military duty is also central to the masculinity in Värnpliktsnytt during the whole examined period. Men are expected to fulfill their military duty, although it is accepted to complain about wage andworking conditions. The overall results points in the direction that the ideal man becomes more complex.
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Drongiti, Angeliki. "Les suicides d'appelés dans l'armée de terre grecque : étude d’un fait social au prisme des institutions totalitaires et de l’ordre sexué." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080032.
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Le service militaire d’une durée de 9 mois constitue une obligation légale pour les jeunes hommes grecs. Cette conscription constitue une étape incontournable dans la vie sociale des Grecs: après le service, les jeunes sont considérés comme des hommes socialement validés, prêts à trouver un emploi stable et à fonder une famille. Toutefois, il s’avère qu’un nombre important de conscrits se suicident durant le service. Ce phénomène tabou relève d’un paradoxe: comment une institution qui prétend fabriquer les «vrais» hommes et les préparer à la vie civile peut-elle provoquer des comportements suicidaires? Par le choix (et la nécessité) d’une méthodologie plurielle permet d’analyser ce fait: entretiens semi-directifs de conscrits, parmi lesquels des appelés ayant fait une tentative de suicide, d’officiers et de sous-officiers de carrière qui ont vécu le suicide d’un appelé, de parents dont le fils s’est suicidé durant son service militaire, de psychiatres militaires, de militants et de journalistes; analyses des statistiques disponibles venant de sources multiples; analyse de contenu d’articles de presse et d’archives militaires; enfin, observation participante réalisée au cours d’un stage de trois mois dans l’un des trois hôpitaux militaires du pays. Inspirée par l’approche durkheimienne étudiant le suicide comme un fait social, l’analyse s’appuie sur la théorie des rapports sociaux de sexe et sur le concept d’institution totalitaire. Cette thèse se situe ainsi au croisement d’une sociologie du suicide, d’une sociologie de l’armée et d’une sociologie du genre pour éclairer à la fois les causes du suicide dans l’armée et le traitement social qui en est fait par l’institutionCompleting their nine-month military service is a legal obligation for young Greek men. Conscription is an essential step in Greek men’s social life: after being released from the army, they are socially validated as independent adult males, who are ready to find stable employment and to start a family. Nonetheless, a good number of conscripts take their own lives during military service. This PhD thesis examines the taboo phenomenon of suicide, which is highly paradoxical. Indeed, how can an institution claiming to make ‘real men’ and prepare them for civilian life can at once trigger suicidal behaviour? Drawing from a plurality of methodologies, this study uses a mosaic of complementary data to analyse the phenomenon, including semi-structured interviews with conscripts (among whom conscripts having attempted suicide, officers and sub-officers who experienced a conscript’s suicide, parents whose sons took their own lives, military psychiatrists, militants and journalists), an analysis of available statistical data on suicide from a variety of sources, as well as newspaper articles and military archives, and finally, the author’s participant observation during her internship is one of Greece’s three military hospitals. Taking its inspiration from the Durkheimian concept of suicide as social fact, the analysis relies upon the theory of gender relations and Goffman’s framework of total institutions. This thesis therefore stands at the crossroads of a sociology of suicide, a sociology of the army and a sociology of gender to throw light both on the root causes of suicide in the army and on the institution’s approaches to tackling suicide
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Enefalk, Hanna. "En patriotisk drömvärld : Patriotic Dreamlands: Music, Nationalism and Gender in the Long Nineteenth Century." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9267.
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The subject of this thesis is Scandinavian nationalism from the late 18th century to ca 1920. The focus lies on that particular aspect of nationalism that was at the same time the most mundane and the most enigmatic: the ever-present depicting of the nation in words, pictures and music, which in effect created a parallel universe, a patriotic dreamland. This creation was highly gendered, and the media in which it flourished most abundantly was the patriotic song. The study therefore uses song texts as its primary source material and builds upon the theoretical foundations laid by, e.g., Joan Scott and Michael Billig.
Geographically, the investigation centers on Sweden, using Norway and Swedish-speaking Finland as objects of comparison. The main producers of the lyrics and their intended target groups are identified, and an in-depth analysis of a large corpus of songs is made.
The main conclusion is that the patriotic songs, in spite of spreading to an ever increasing proportion of the population, were not an expression of the ‘voice of the people’ or even that of the bourgeoisie as a whole. The texts were chiefly written by male academics, and from their formative years during the Napoleonic wars the songs preserved an obsession with a warlike unmarried manhood. Only in the last decades of the period were civilian virtues and national womanhood slightly more emphasized. It is suggested that the songs, apart from being an expression of what Billig has termed ‘banal nationalism,’ also functioned as a bastion of a ‘banal androcentrism.’
The thesis shows that the patriotic dreamland of the patriotic songs was designed in a way that promoted the interests of its producers and reproducers. The seemingly semi-autonomous quality of the discourse is also discussed, employing meme theory as used by, e.g., Daniel Dennett.
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Enefalk, Hanna. "En patriotisk drömvärld : Musik, nationalism och genus under det långa 1800-talet." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9267.
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The subject of this thesis is Scandinavian nationalism from the late 18th century to ca 1920. The focus lies on that particular aspect of nationalism that was at the same time the most mundane and the most enigmatic: the ever-present depicting of the nation in words, pictures and music, which in effect created a parallel universe, a patriotic dreamland. This creation was highly gendered, and the media in which it flourished most abundantly was the patriotic song. The study therefore uses song texts as its primary source material and builds upon the theoretical foundations laid by, e.g., Joan Scott and Michael Billig. Geographically, the investigation centers on Sweden, using Norway and Swedish-speaking Finland as objects of comparison. The main producers of the lyrics and their intended target groups are identified, and an in-depth analysis of a large corpus of songs is made. The main conclusion is that the patriotic songs, in spite of spreading to an ever increasing proportion of the population, were not an expression of the ‘voice of the people’ or even that of the bourgeoisie as a whole. The texts were chiefly written by male academics, and from their formative years during the Napoleonic wars the songs preserved an obsession with a warlike unmarried manhood. Only in the last decades of the period were civilian virtues and national womanhood slightly more emphasized. It is suggested that the songs, apart from being an expression of what Billig has termed ‘banal nationalism,’ also functioned as a bastion of a ‘banal androcentrism.’ The thesis shows that the patriotic dreamland of the patriotic songs was designed in a way that promoted the interests of its producers and reproducers. The seemingly semi-autonomous quality of the discourse is also discussed, employing meme theory as used by, e.g., Daniel Dennett.
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Bickerton, Ashley Jennifer. "‘Good Soldiers’, ‘Bad Apples’ and the ‘Boys’ Club’: Media Representations of Military Sex Scandals and Militarized Masculinities." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32435.
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This thesis examines news representations of Canadian, American and Australian military personnel involved in military 'sex scandals'. I explore what the representations of military personnel involved in well-publicized sex scandals reveal about scripts of soldiering and militarized masculinities. Despite a history of systemic violence in the military, I ask how and why the systemic nature of militarized masculinities are able to remain invisible, driving representations to focus on the ‘bad’ behaviour of individuals? By engaging with feminist scholarship in International Relations, I present the longstanding culture of misogyny, racism, homophobia and ableism in the Canadian, American and Australian militaries, focusing on the ways in which militarized masculinities are guided by these violent structures, and fundamental to the military's creation of soldiers. My dissertation uses the tools of critical discourse analysis to unpack the ways blame is individualised in cases of sexual and racist violence involving military personnel, while the military’s ableism, rape culture and imperial militarized masculinities are commonly naturalized or celebrated without regard for how they are fundamentally violent. My thesis presents an intersectional feminist project that intervenes in emerging questions in the field of transnational disability studies, tracing how militarism, hegemonic militarized masculinities and imperial soldiering (re)produce categories of ability and disability.
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Granat, Mimmi. ""They Are More Afraid of Losing Women Than of Having Women" : How the structural transformation of the Swedish Armed Forces has affected the experience for female recruits." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6164.
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When interviewing female conscripts, Emma Lindgren Lauritzon (2012) found that they perceived their basic military training in the Swedish Armed Forces as a negative experience. The women felt that the environment was hostile and that they served on the conditions of men. This is especially alarming since the unequal conscription was replaced by voluntary service for all in 2010, making the Swedish defence dependent on attracting the whole population to fill up its necessary positions. Therefore, this thesis examines how female recruits experience the new basic military training and if the structural transformation, with a more gender equal entrance, has had an impact on the individual level. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted, designed and presented by a deductive thematic analysis, and later interpreted through feministic and gender organizational theories. The results indicate a positive development in their experiences, and more so – a new development of the women feeling especially wanted and needed. This perceived dependency on women is arguably in the risk of backfiring, generating guilt if they disappoint the organisation. This study gives vital insight to the organisation in question, the Swedish Armed Forces, and also several new and interesting aspects to build future research on regarding women in the military.
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Schindler, Mauren A. Schindler. "Dismantling the Dichotomy of Cowardice and Courage in the American Civil War." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532694510126409.
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Harvey, Matt. "Bread, Bullets, and Brotherhood: Masculine Ideologies in the Mid-Century Black Freedom Struggle, 1950-1975." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248506/.
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This thesis examines the ways that African Americans in the mid-twentieth century thought about and practiced masculinity. Important contemporary events such as the struggle for civil rights and the Vietnam War influenced the ways that black Americans sought not only to construct masculine identities, but to use these identities to achieve a higher social purpose. The thesis argues that while mainstream American society had specific prescriptions for how men should behave, black Americans were able to select which of these prescriptions they valued and wanted to pursue while simultaneously rejecting those that they found untenable. Masculinity in the mid-century was not based on one thing, but rather was an amalgamation of different ideals that black men (and women) sought to utilize to achieve communal goals of equality, opportunity, and family.
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Larsson, Esbjörn. "Från adlig uppfostran till borgerlig utbildning : Kungl. Krigsakademien mellan åren 1792 och 1866." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6145.
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This thesis presents an analysis of cadet training at the Royal War Academy between 1792 and 1866. The purposes of this study are to problematise the Academy's function and to investigate male social reproduction amongst the Swedish upper classes. Two different aspects of social reproduction are studied: the transmission of social position between generations; and the communication of ideals and lifestyle that were linked to the position that was reproduced. The former was studied with the help of Pierre Bourdieu's terminology, while the latter necessitated the use of theoretical perspectives on masculinity. This thesis demonstrates the changes in the preconditions for male social reproduction, and relates them to the transition from a late feudal to a capitalist society. At the end of the eighteenth century, the usual route to a military career was still through the family's personal contacts in the armed forces. In Bourdieu's terms, this was a very direct means of transferring symbolic capital, and one that also required social capital. With the emergence of the middle class, the Academy's recruitment patterns altered. This process coincided with the emergence of a Swedish education system, and cadet training gradually adapted to fit with other elements in the school system. The ability to transfer symbolic capital directly to the next generation crumbled in the face of a system where education was necessary for the reproduction of a social position. Unlike the shifting shape of social reproduction, masculine upbringing was central at the Academy throughout the whole period. The cadets entered as boys and left as men. In this process, relationships within the cadet corps were of crucial importance. The new cadets first had to subordinate themselves to their elders, and then in turn subordinate others. It was this social order that ensured the cadets learnt a harsh lesson in leadership.
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Miller, Aaron Wilhelm. "Glorious Summer: A Cultural History of Nineteenth-Century Baseball, 1861-1920." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1354309531.
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Sanagan, Mark. "The social construction of militancy in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict : masculinity, femininity and the nation." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99597.
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This thesis examines nationalism and colonialism in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and asks the questions: What is the relationship between these ideologies and "national narratives" constructed of collective historical memory? How do these ideologies produce recognizable, sexualized, national bodies? What are the defining characteristics of these national bodies and how do they perform roles from the national narratives? These questions are addressed through a discussion of the role of masculinity in modern Zionism and the state of Israel, in particular how it relates to the land of Palestine and the Palestinian "other". This thesis also addresses anti-colonial resistance movements in Palestine and argues that performative nationalism produces a fetishized commodity that can me labeled "militancy". This militancy is found institutionalized in the popular culture of everything from poetry to political posters. Finally, Palestinian female suicide bombers, like women nationalists before them, do little to challenge how specific nationalist acts of resistance are defined by patriarchal nationalists and sexualized within a "gendered space of militancy".
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Troester, Patrick T. ""Direful Vengeance": A U.S.-Mexican War Massacre and the Culture of Collective Violence in Nineteenth-Century North America." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1405026667.
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Edlmann, Tessa Margaret. "Negotiating historical continuities in contested terrain : a narrative-based reflection on the post-apartheid psychosocial legacies of conscription into the South African Defence Force." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012811.
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For a 25-year period during the apartheid era in South Africa, all school-leaving white men were issued with a compulsory call-up to national military service in the South African Defence Force. It is estimated that 600 000 men were conscripted between 1968 and 1993, undergoing military training and being deployed in Namibia, Angola and South Africa. The purpose of this system of military conscription was to support both the apartheid state’s role in the “Border War” in Namibia and Angola and the suppression of anti-apartheid resistance within South Africa. It formed part of the National Party’s strategy of a “total response” to what it perceived as the “total onslaught” of communism and African nationalism. While recruiting and training young white men was the focus of the apartheid government’s strategy, all of white South African society was caught up in supporting, contesting, avoiding and resisting this system in one way or another. Rather than being a purely military endeavour, conscription into the SADF therefore comprised a social and political system with wide-ranging ramifications. The 1994 democratic elections in South Africa heralded the advent of a very different political, social and economic system to what had gone before. The focus of this research is SADF conscripts’ narrations of identity in the contested narrative terrain of post-apartheid South Africa. The thesis begins with a contextual framing of the historical, social and political systems of which conscription was a part. Drawing on narrative psychology as a theoretical framework, the thesis explores discursive resources of whiteness, masculinities and perceptions of threat in conscripts’ narrations of identity, the construction of memory fields in narrating memories of war and possible trauma, and the notions of moral injury and moral repair in dealing with legacies of war. Using a narrative discursive approach, the thesis then reflects on historical temporal threads, and narrative patterns that emerge when analysing a range of texts about the psychosocial legacies of conscription, including interviews, research, memoirs, plays, media reports, video documentaries, blogs and photographic exhibitions. Throughout the thesis, conscripts’ and others’ accounts of conscription and its legacies are regarded as cultural texts. This serves as a means to highlight both contextual narrative negotiations and the narrative-discursive patterns of conscripts’ personal accounts of their identities in the post-apartheid narrative terrain. The original contribution of this research is the development of conceptual and theoretical framings of the post-apartheid legacies of conscription. Key to this has been the use of narrative-based approaches to highlight the narrative-discursive patterns, memory fields and negotiations of narrative terrains at work in texts that focus on various aspects of conscription and its ongoing aftereffects. The concept of temporal threads has been developed to account for the emergence and shifts in these patterns over time. Existing narrative-discursive theory has formed the basis for conscripts’ negotiations of identity being identified as acts of narrative reinforcement and narrative repair. The thesis concludes with reflections on the future possibilities for articulating and supporting narrative repair that enables a shift away from historical discursive laagers and a reconfiguration of the narrative terrain within which conscripts narrate their identities.Also known as: Edlmann, Theresa
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Ribeiro, Anderson Francisco [UNESP]. "Desnudando a ditadura militar: as revistas erótico-pornográficas e a construção da(s) identidade(s) do homem moderno (1964-1985)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141986.
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O campo da cultura brasileira, durante o período da ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985), foi aos poucos invadido por determinados tipos de publicações pouco percebidas pela historiografia: as revistas eróticas e pornográficas. Estas ajudaram a configurar e constituir identidades, principalmente no que se refere à questão da sexualidade e da masculinidade, estabelecendo espaços de negociação na modernização dos costumes, em meio a uma reforma conservadora. Dessa maneira, a pornografia do período incorporou formas de normalizar o leitor das revistas através de posicionamentos, colaborações dos leitores e formas de resistência, através de anonimatos e publicações proibidas. Com isso, diluídas em uma área cinzenta de um processo mais complexo e contraditório, vários enunciados vindos da sociedade tentaram criar um discurso “verdadeiro” sobre o sexo, o qual acabou assimilado pelo mercado, e que pretendemos desnudar. A partir do pensamento histórico genealógico de Michel Foucault, procuraremos indicar que a pornografia enquanto “desordem do discurso” abriu espaço para visões diversas, que são contrárias ao discurso homogeneizante de poder e masculinidade. O público dessas revistas se mostrava amplo e contava com estudantes do colegial (Ensino Médio), senhores, senhoras, “homossexuais”, generais, moças, médicos e padres que leram e emitiram diversos discursos sobre estes dois grupos, aparentemente distintos, de periódicos: as revistas softcore com discurso normatizador, como: Ele Ela (1969), Status (1974), Homem (1975), esta que depois fora transformada na revista Playboy (1978) - e outra mais explícita, as revistas hardcore, transgressora de discursos e consumida principalmente pelas classes populares: os “catecismos” de Carlos Zéfiro (década de 50 a 70 no Rio de Janeiro), as publicações das editoras Edrel (São Paulo-SP) e Grafipar (Curitiba-PR), além de revistas hardcore e das fotonovelas eróticas. Os periódicos indicados nos ajudarão a compreender essa afirmação e construção das identidades do homem brasileiro moderno.
The field of Brazilian culture during the period of the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1985), was gradually invaded by certain types of confusing publications: the erotic and pornographic magazines. These helped to shape and form the identities, especially in regard to the issue of sexuality and masculinity, establishing trading channels in the modernization of customs, in a conservative reform. Thus, the period of pornography incorporated ways to normalize the reader of magazines through placements, contributions from readers and forms of resistance through anonymity and banned publications. As a result, diluted in a gray area of a more complex and contradictory process, various statements coming from the company tried to create a “true” speech about sex, which eventually assimilated by the market, and we intend to denude. From the genealogical historical thought of Michel Foucault, we seek to indicate that the pornography while "disorder of speech" created room for different views that are contrary to the homogenizing discourse of masculinity. The audience of these magazines is proved large and had high school students, older mans and womans, "gay", generals, younger womens, doctors and priests who had read and issued discourses on these two groups of apparently distincts periodicals: the softcore magazines with speech normalizing, like: Ele Ela (1969), Status (1974), A revista do Homem (1975), this which was transformed in the magazine call Playboy (1978) - and a more explicit, the hardcore magazine, transgressive discourses and mostly consumed by the lower classes: the "cathecisms" of Carlos Zéfiro (from the 50s to 70s, in Rio de Janeiro), the publications of Edrel (São Paulo-SP) and Grafipar (Curitiba-PR) publishers. These indicated periodics help us to understand this identity statement of the modern man.
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Mihaeli, Gil. "L'émergence du modèle militaro-viril : pratiques et représentations masculines en France au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0102.
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Cette thèse aborde les questions de l'identité masculine en France au cours du premier XIXe siècle. Elle montre comment le corps masculin revêt de nouveaux sens et devient le pivot d'un système d'entendement composé de pratiques et de représentations : le modèle militaro-viril. La pratique phare étudiée ici est la pilosité du visage et surtout la moustache. D'un signe d'appartenance aux unités d'élite, la moustache devient un attribut militaire, puis viril et finalement l'attribut par excellence du Français. A partir d'une lecture de pièces de théâtre de boulevard et de l'analyse de l'imagerie populaire d'Epinal, cette contribution permet d'apprécier le rôle primordial joué par l'Armée française dans le façonnement des identités avant même que le service militaire proprement dit devienne un phénomène quantitativement significatifThe present research treats questions of masculine identity in France in early and middle 19th century. It demonstrates how the masculine body became the pivotal point of a system of sense composed of practices and representations : the militaro-virile model. The main practice studied is the moustache. What was at the beginning an attribute of elite soldiers became a generalised military attribute, then a marker of virility and finally the attribute of "Frenchood" for excellence
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Roynette, Odile. "Les années de service : la découverte de la caserne (1873-1899)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010657.
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Après la défaite de 1870, le service militaire devient l'instrument du redressement national et de la régénération sociale. Devenu personnel et obligatoire en 1872, il entre désormais dans la vie de tous les jeunes français, dont la moitié pendant les années 1873-1889, prend désormais le chemin de la caserne. Avant l'adoption de la loi de 1889 qui marque une étape dans le processus d'universalisation du service, les jeunes français découvrent la caserne. Cette découverte s'accompagne d'une adaptation, progressive et réussie, des structures de l'ancienne armée impériale aux contraintes nouvelles d'un service personnel et obligatoire. L'exemple du premier corps d'armée, créé entre 1873 et 1875 dans les départements du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais, l'illustre bien. Des liens durables et profonds se forment alors entre les régiments qui s'installent sur place et la région qui les accueille. Dans ce cadre se déroule l'expérience de la caserne. Espérée et redoutée, attendue mais crainte, elle constitue, pour la majeure partie des hommes sous les drapeaux une épreuve dont la dureté est et se veut marquante. Il s'agit en effet de préparer les hommes aux redoutables exigences de la guerre. Aussi bien l'initiation qui s'effectue sur les terrains d'exercice ou dans les chambrées est-elle rude et nourrie de brutalité. Cette mise à l'épreuve fragilise les hommes, qui, dans leur immense majorité, ont néanmoins traversé victorieusement ces débuts douloureux. Dès lors, l'acculturation s'approfondit qui fait de ce passage au régiment un moment décisif dans l'élaboration de l'identité masculine adulte.
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Pei, Hsueh-Ju, and 裴學儒. "Military Culture , Masculinity and Sexuality Oppression ~The Experiences of Military Service of Gays in Taiwan." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79165671474285485021.
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吳建虹. "The Military Experiences of Veterans and their Construction of Masculinity." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05550374307098112209.
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碩士國立新竹教育大學
教育心理與諮商學系碩士班
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The research aims at exploring how military male personnel showed their masculinity in the environment of military, and what factors might have impact on constructing and identifying with their masculinity. The researcher used semi-structured in-depth interview to interview seven males who just retired from military within half year, and analyzed the data with grounded theory approach. The study found that men will show their masculinity from different dimensions, the societal dimension included the superiority of armed services, the road of being a man, manly culture, and exclusive superiority of men. Secondary, the interpersonal dimension included using personal superiority to stand out, the survival rule of de-personalization, and demonstration of men’s body image which were effected by patriarchy, and finally, the personal dimension refers to develop their masculinity identified by others. From a system point of view to look at the construction of masculinity, the researchers found that from the macroscopic level, the construction of masculinity will be influenced by the collectivism, ideology of patriarchal, legal policy and media; followed by intermediate level, including military system of control, interaction and competition of interpersonal relationship; the last was the micro-level, including the masculinity which are eager for identification.. The implications and suggestions regarding military training, school education, and future research were addressed.
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Capstick, Andrea, and D. Clegg. "Behind the stiff upper lip: war narratives of older men with dementia." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5632.
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The concept of the stiff upper lip stands as a cultural metaphor for the repression and figurative ¿biting back¿ of traumatic experience, particularly in military contexts. For men born in the first half of the 20th century, maintaining a stiff upper lip involved the ability to exert high levels of cognitive control over the subjective, visceral and emotional domains of experience. In the most common forms of dementia, which affect at least one in five men now in their 80s and 90s, this cognitive control is increasingly lost. One result is that, with the onset of dementia, men who have in the intervening years maintained a relative silence about their wartime experiences begin to disclose detailed memories of such events, in some cases for the first time. This article draws on narrative biographical data from three men with late-onset dementia who make extensive reference to their experience of war. The narratives of Sid, Leonard and Nelson are used to explore aspects of collective memory of the two World Wars, and the socially constructed masculinities imposed on men who grew up and came of age during those decades. The findings show that in spite of their difficulties with short term memory, people with dementia can contribute rich data to cultural studies research. Some aspects of the narratives discussed here may also be considered to work along the line of the counter-hegemonic, offering insights into lived experiences of war that have been elided in popular culture in the post-War years.
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Scheinfeld, David Emmanuel. "From battlegrounds to the backcountry : the intersection of masculinity and outward bound programming on psychosocial functioning for male military veterans." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26928.
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This study investigates the promise of using therapeutic adventure as an alternative therapeutic approach to address a public health issue: Veterans reticence towards seeking mental health assistance, despite their rising rates of mental health issues. To examine how the intersection between conformity to traditional masculine norms and Outward Bound for Veterans (OB4V) programming impacted psychosocial development, a quasi-experimental, longitudinal design was implemented on 159 male Veterans. The primary goals were twofold: 1) to determine whether improvement in six therapeutic outcome variables occurred due to the OB4V intervention; 2) to discover whether male Veterans’ level of conformity to traditional masculine norms influenced change in the therapeutic outcome variables. Outcome variables included: 1) mental health status; 2) personal growth initiative; 3) attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help; 4) psychological mindedness; 5) restriction of emotions; 6) subjective wellbeing. Results indicated a significant effect of treatment, suggesting that the OB4V treatment promoted Veterans improvement in all the therapeutic outcome variables, except psychological mindedness. Findings also showed that the significant effect of treatment was associated with Veterans’ improvement in therapeutic outcome variables over all time points irrespective of their level of conformity to traditional masculine norms.text
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Hiltner, Aaron. "Friendly invasions: civilians and servicemen on the World War II American home front." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31691.
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This dissertation challenges the idea that the United States “home front” in World War II escaped the violence and disorder visited upon overseas cities by military forces. It examines American “liberty ports”— from San Francisco and Los Angeles to New York and Boston— where millions of GIs and other Allied servicemen took leave and liberty. Emboldened by the privilege of their uniforms and near immunity from civilian laws and authorities, these troops caroused, fought with locals, rioted in the streets, and assaulted women. A near constant presence in many large ports and transportation hubs, servicemen effectively occupied entire urban districts, routinely provoking civil-military conflicts. Though many historians imagine that most troops spent the war abroad, in fact many of them remained stateside for the duration. Before the spring of 1944, when preparations for D-Day accelerated, 65-75% of all soldiers were stationed domestically. 25% of the U.S. Army’s forces never left the country at all. Friendly invasions and other occupations by troops not only impacted places such as Britain, France, Germany, Australia, and Japan; they fundamentally reshaped American cities and civilian life as well.
To solve a number of manpower and training problems, U.S. military officials encouraged and inculcated in their recruits an aggressive, heterosexual masculinity that mocked civilian life as effeminate and weak. Many GIs embraced this vision of soldiering and took advantage of the military’s lenient stance toward “blowing off steam” in boom towns and liberty ports. Fist fights with civilian men, pursuing and cornering women, and rampant drunkenness went mostly unpunished as the Armed Forces struggled to mobilize for a two-front war. Nearby women faced many dangers, but they also found ingenious ways of defending themselves. Meanwhile, local politicians and businesses struggled to protest the militarization of their neighborhoods, even while doing their part for the war effort. This wartime militarization of civilian American life is a crucial but almost entirely forgotten factor in the rise of the military as a key institution of American society, as well as the postwar “civil-military divide.”2020-10-08T00:00:00Z
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Lyne, Sandra Anne. "Madame Butterfly and men of empire: stereotyping and trauma in 20th century novels." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/111433.
Full textAbstract:
While most research has rightfully focused on sexism and racism in 'Madame Butterfly' texts (Marchetti 1993; van Rij 2001; Morris 2002; Koshy 2004; Prasso 2005; Park 2010), this thesis argues that stereotypical protagonists and narrative themes from Puccini's fin de siècle opera, Madama Butterfly, reappeared after wars in Korea and Vietnam and in the first years of the new millennium as prototypes for two traumatic, sub-textual 'ghosts' suppressed in public discourses: an 'unmanly', psychologically-wounded Western subject-as-perpetrator, and a scarred Asian woman, the civilian victim of Western atomic and incendiary weapons, an almost un-representable figure. This thesis draws on a variety of fields, including literary trauma theory (Mandel 2006; Weaver 2010; Visser 2011; Balaev 2015), military masculinity studies and social psychology. It examines, in close readings within cultural, historical contexts, the synergies between trauma and moral (thèmis) conflict represented in a selection of twentieth century 'Madame Butterfly' narratives, primarily by ex-military writers, at three significant moments in history: firstly, 1880-1912; secondly, post-WWII from 1950-1980, including the Korean War (1950-1953) and the Vietnam Conflict; and, thirdly, from the 1990s to the early 2000s, the turn of the new millennium. 'Moral conflict' in this thesis refers to Shay's definition of thèmis as 'just order' or 'what is right' (Achilles in Vietnam 5) and to the idea that a disjuncture between thémis and experience can cause psychological damage (Shay Odysseus in America 33). Examples of novels representing this disjuncture include Fifth Daughter by Hal Gurney (1957), Jere Peacock's Valhalla (1961), James Webb's The Emperor's General (1999), and Anthony Swofford's Exit A (2007). The examination of twentieth-century reconstructions of Madama Butterfly's gendered and racist stereotypes in these novels has found evidence supporting Gilman's notion (in Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race and Madness) that stereotyping reveals much about the fears and anxieties of those producing the stereotypes, that 'pathology' in human cognition stems from 'disorder and loss of control, the giving over of the self to the forces that lie beyond the self' (Gilman 24), to trauma. This thesis examines the notion that Madame Butterfly stereotypes and themes allowed veterans 'to write about the war' for an uncomprehending public, as did Salinger in Catcher in the Rye. Along the way, the thesis also attempts to understand why Western men should have maintained such an emotional attachment to a quaint fin de siècle literary figure for an entire century.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2017.
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McInnis, Verity. "Imperial Standard-Bearers: Nineteenth-Century Army Officers' Wives in British India and the American West." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10944.
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The comparative experiences of the nineteenth-century British and American Army officer's wives add a central dimension to studies of empire. Sharing their husbands' sense of duty and mission, these women transferred, adopted, and adapted national values and customs, to fashion a new imperial sociability, influencing the course of empire by cutting across and restructuring gender, class, and racial borders. Stationed at isolated stations in British India and the American West, many officers' wives experienced homesickness and disorientation. They reimagined military architecture and connected into the military esprit de corps, to sketch a blueprint of female identity and purpose. On the physical journeys to join their husbands, and post arrival, the feminization of formal and informal military practices produced a new social reality and facilitated the development of an empowered sisterhood that sustained imperialist ambitions. This appropriation of symbols, processes, and rankings facilitated roles as social functionaries and ceremonial performers.
Additionally, in utilizing dress, and home decor, military spouses drafted and projected an imperial identity that reflected, yet transformed upper and middle-class gender models. An examination of the social processes of calling and domestic rituals confirms the formation of a distinct and influential imperial female identity. The duty of protecting the social gateway to the imperial community, rested with a hostess?s ability to discriminate ? and convincingly reject parvenus. In focusing on the domestic site it becomes clear that the mistress-servant relationship both formulated and reproduced imperial ideologies. Within the home, the most intimate of inter-racial, inter-ethnic, and inter-class contact zones, the physiological trait of a white skin, and the exhibition of national artifacts signaled identity, status, and authority. Military spouses, then, generated social power as arbiters, promoters, and police officers of an imperial class, reaffirming internal confidence within the Anglo communities, and legitimizing external representations of the power and prestige of empire.
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Beauchesne, Émilie. "La masculinité hégémonique militaire : sauf-conduit aux violences contre les femmes : le cas de l'ex-colonel David Russell Williams." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5575/1/M12979.pdf.
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Le 21 octobre 2010, l'ex-colonel David Russell Williams, alors colonel des Forces aériennes et commandant de la base militaire de Trenton en Ontario (la plus importante base aérienne canadienne), a été reconnu coupable du meurtre de deux femmes, assassinées à leur domicile respectif, d'agressions sexuelles et de 82 accusations de vols et entrées par effraction dans les villes de Tweed, Belleville, Orleans. David Russell Williams représente un cas emblématique de masculinité hégémonique militaire. Cette recherche s'intéresse ainsi au mécanisme de construction de la masculinité hégémonique militaire et utilise les événements liés à l'ex-colonel nous servent de porte d'entrée pour explorer les violences perpétrées contre les femmes par les agents de l'État canadien. Cette recherche remémore, en premier lieu, différents cas de violence contre les femmes perpétrés par des militaires afin de dresser un portrait général, mais non exhaustif, de la problématique. Ce mémoire s'attarde dans un second temps à la perception des médias par rapport aux événements et, par le fait même, à la perception que le public en a eu. Nous procédons à une analyse des médias, précisément des quotidiens La Presse, Le Devoir, The Globe and Mail, et The Belleville Intelligencer. Les événements ont largement marqué l'année médiatique. Bien que David Russell Williams soit reconnu comme un des pires meurtriers de l'histoire du Canada, nous avançons que la couverture médiatique, notamment par la mise en scène des événements, a participé à maintenir le tueur sériel à caractère sexuel comme un modèle de masculinité hégémonique militaire et à occulter les violences contre les femmes et la misogynie sous-jacente aux crimes. L'occultation se fait à travers quatre tactiques (personnification, psychologisation, séparation d'une même personne, évitement). À travers cette analyse, nous émettons l'hypothèse que les médias sont restés sourds à la socialisation militaire et ont ainsi été la voix des institutions étatiques. Finalement, cette recherche propose une réflexion féministe des événements. Basé sur les écrits féministes matérialistes, ce mémoire permet de voir les fondements de l'identité masculine militaire, les effets de la violence sur les femmes en termes de contrôle et les impacts sur les rapports sociaux de sexe. Nous défendons l'idée selon laquelle Williams a retenu l'attention médiatique, non pas parce qu'il a volé, violé puis tué des femmes, mais bien parce qu'il a transgressé les normes de la masculinité hégémonique militaire en se travestissant.
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MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Masculinité, masculinité hégémonique militaire, David Russell Williams, violences, Forces canadiennes.
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Rosenberg, Isaac. "“A Lifetime of Activism”: doing feminist men’s work from a social justice paradigm." Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8636.
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This thesis focuses on the projects and experiences of social justice organizers who place an emphasis on working to address heteropatriarchy and its impacts, work that I call men’s work. In particular, these are organizers who take an intersectional, social justice approach to this work. In order to recognize who organizers are and the kinds of projects they engage in, I describe four major project themes within men’s work and briefly explore their potentials and pitfalls according to those who are involved in them. I then analyze a number of the various considerations, tensions, and difficulties that arise for these organizers, particularly the personal and interpersonal components. In order to support organizers to be resilient and successful when faced with these issues, I conclude by sharing a variety of ways they may choose to navigate the various complexities they encounter in their organizing and in their communities.Graduate