Academic literature on the topic 'Military jargon'

This study made an effort to achieve the goals of the study, which were to define the word formation and meanings of the military jargon used in the book Untold Tales of the Pakistan Air Force. The researcher has examined the lexical study of particular military jargon. By using the theoretical viewpoints of Gurage Yule (2010), this research intends to explain word formation and meanings via the lexical analysis of jargons and to discover the literal and associative meaning of chosen jargons used in Kamal Ahmad's book Untold Tales of the Pakistan Air Force. The study was conducted using a qualitative research approach. To accomplish the study goals, a variety of jargons were chosen through careful reading of the chosen book and thereafter analyzed in accordance with the models chosen. The research's conclusions reveal the uses and meanings of many distinct military jargons. It is important to note that several military jargon phrases have various interpretations; the military utilizes associative meanings, whilst the public interprets terms literally.

This study made an effort to achieve the goals of the study, which were to define the word formation and meanings of the military jargon used in the book Untold Tales of the Pakistan Air Force. The researcher has examined the lexical study of particular military jargon. By using the theoretical viewpoints of Gurage Yule (2010), this research intends to explain word formation and meanings via the lexical analysis of jargons and to discover the literal and associative meaning of chosen jargons used in Kamal Ahmad's book Untold Tales of the Pakistan Air Force. The study was conducted using a qualitative research approach. To accomplish the study goals, a variety of jargons were chosen through careful reading of the chosen book and thereafter analyzed in accordance with the models chosen. The research's conclusions reveal the uses and meanings of many distinct military jargons. It is important to note that several military jargon phrases have various interpretations; the military utilizes associative meanings, whilst the public interprets terms literally.

Jargon is special technical vocabulary associated with a specific area of work or interest. The researcher interests to discuss military jargon considering that in social terms, jargon helps to create and maintain connections among those who see themselves as insiders in some way and to exclude outsiders. This paper aims to discuss how many the military jargon found and its meaning, the semantic change, and the word formation process of military jargon in Point Blank Video Game. The researcher applied theory of semantic from George Yule as the grand theory. The design of this research is qualitative research and descriptive method. In the process of data collecting, the researcher used documentation technique. In the process of data analysing, the research used descriptive analysis technique. The results show that 1) there are 25 items which are categorized as military jargons. The meaning of jargon explained in conceptual meaning and associative meaning. 2) the semantic change that is experienced of military jargon in Point Blank Video Game. The researcher found 2 Specializations, 1 Generalization, and 6 Metonymy. 3) the word formation process of military jargon in Point Blank Video Game, the researcher found 1 Borrowing, 14 Compounding, and 6 Multiple Processes.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the translation of military jargon to denote military equipment and weapons from Ukrainian to English using the GoogleTranslate service. It was determined that the terminological vocabulary is created to ensure optimal mutual understanding between specialists of a certain field, which is characterized by a specific standardized terminology system, typical grammatical and syntactic constructions in texts characteristic of this discourse. The object of our study is the professional jargon of the soldiers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which differs from the literary language in the use of specific, expressive vocabulary and phraseology in the process of communication, which are characterized by synonymy with words in general use and sometimes peculiarities of pronunciation. The translation of military slang is generally quite a difficult task, because there are lexemes that do not exist in English, so the context is of great importance when translating terms, which allows you to find out the general meaning of the word from the meanings of its components. The main mistake when translating military jargon is that translators sometimes try to find a literal equivalent of a Ukrainian term. During the research, it was found out that it is not possible to translate military slang using the Google Translate service, due to the fact that there are no materials for slang, jargon, and professionalism in the translation databases. However, Google Translate translates the military jargon terms themselves quite successfully. For the translation of military jargons, only the author's translation of a professional translator who knows military vocabulary and, in particular, jargonisms, can be used.

The article is devoted to the study of military conflicts as a way to supplement the military jargon. General features of military jargon are considered. Examples of the formation of jargon in the course of military conflicts (Afghan war, Chechen war, military operation in Syria) are presented.

Abstract As early as the second half of the 20th century, theoreticians and commentators in the field of business and corporate culture have started to increasingly make use of military and war metaphors when describing or analyzing business-related matters. This ongoing tendency can be explained by the fact that both military and business jargons have had similar historical trajectories and focus on similar goals and objectives. Military philosophy can furthermore offer valuable lessons and advice to any aspiring manager. To be aware of the symbiosis between military jargon and the language of business is to have a clearer overview of the impact of business practices and eventually to gain the upper hand in a domain where battle and the survival of the fittest are at the basis of all activities and endeavors. The aim of the present paper is to trace the similar trajectories in the evolution of military and business jargon and to analyze, by resorting to practical examples, the manifold similarities between the language of war and the one of business.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the professional world perception of American military personnel from an axiological and gender perspective. The object of this study is the value system of the US military community, as expressed in military jargon. The subject of the research is the linguistic forms through which gender stereotypes are manifested in the nominal units of the socio-group dialect. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the thesis on the patriarchal nature of the US military community, which is permeated with gender stereotypes and relies on the language phenomena of the military sociolect. This work aims to empirically identify social stereotypes explicit in the speech practices of informal communication. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the author's interpretation and categorization of gender-marked jargon vocabulary used by the representatives of the US military community. The results of the study revealed that the unofficial register of military jargon reflects the androcentrism of the military culture cluster. This is the first attempt to dissect the axiosphere of the GI through the conflicts of communicative practices in the standard and substandard (sociolect) registers of military jargon. The study also identified the most common gender stereotypes about women in the military environment.

The article examines Slovenian translations of military jargon in the non-fiction novel Hostile Waters. In the introductory part, jargon is presented as a linguistic category as well as its main features in the novel. Next, select examples from the original text are compared to their Slovenian equivalents. The focus is on collocations and lexically dense nominal phrases. The comparison finds that most translation shifts in the target text occur because of incorrect interpretation of technical jargon expressions in the original. As a result, the target text reader perceives certain situations differently than the source text reader.

This article investigates emblematic language use and the negotiation of meaning with particular emphasis on generative mechanisms like jargon and slang in two Nigerian Army barracks in Calabar municipality, Cross River State, south-eastern Nigeria. The study is anchored in a linguistic ideology framework which is grounded in beliefs and values people have towards explicit and implicit language use in a particular communicative context. Drawing on qualitative ethnographic data sourced through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 30 participants who were purposively sampled, the authors argue that jargon and slang are indexical linguistic resources that enable military personnel to create diverse new meanings in the informal linguistic ecology of the army. We conclude that beyond helping to create a new linguistic convention in the barracks, jargon and slang also facilitate the construction of professional identity, enact inclusion/exclusion and sustain dominant values and professional ethos. The study focuses on ways of interpreting the specificity of the military world and the reality of dominance through the prism of these linguistic specimens. Jargon and slang, therefore, offer a firmer lens to appreciate the army’s social universe and subjectivities, and more broadly to enhance an understanding of contextually embedded social practices in the military.

Development of the Syllables in Different Systematic Language and Their Lexical-Semantic Features Summary Jargon is a group of words that exist in almost every language. Its aim is to preserve secrecy within a certain social group.Jargonisms are usually old words with entirely new meanings, which canbe understood only by the people inside the social group (not outside it).Jargonism are social (not regional) in character, for example: the jargon of thieves and vagabonds (cant), the jargon of jazzmen, the jargon of the army (military slang), etc. Many of them have entered the Standard Vocabulare.g. kid, fun, queer, bluff, fib, humbug (formerly slang words and jargonisms are now considered common literary). Key words: jargon words, semantic, lexical, structural, argo words

Bakgrund och problem:  Sedan lång tid tillbaka har det ansetts att lumpen är något av det manligaste som kan göras, för det är då ”pojkar blir till män”, och det har funnits en föreställning om att kvinnor inte hör hemma i den militära sfären. Detta med anledning att kvinnor setts som fysiskt svagare och i behov av skydd från män, vilket har medfört ett hinder för kvinnor att positionera sig i det militära. Försvarsmakten är ett av Sveriges sista manliga yrkesmonopol som avsattes först år 1989 och det har ställts många krav på kvinnor för att de skall kunna etablera sig i myndigheten. Historiskt upplevdes Försvarsmakten ha en ”grisig” jargong, kvinnor ansåg sig bli illa behandlade av befäl och sexism var något som tycktes ”sitta i väggarna”. Sverige är ett av de länder i världen som har högst andel kvinnor i arbetslivet. Trots detta har Sverige en av de mest könssegregerade arbetsmarknader i världen. Försvarsmakten arbetar idag med jämställdhet i form av handlingsplaner för jämställdhetsintegrering och mål för att uppnå en jämnare könsfördelning men det är endast 17 procent av de anställda som är kvinnor, vilket gör Försvarsmakten till en av Sveriges mest könssegregerade arbetsplatser. Syfte och metod: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att medvetandegöra samt öka förståelsen för hur socialt konstruerade könsnormer upplevs påverkar kvinnors möjligheter att arbeta i, utveckla sin karriär och stanna kvar i mansdominerade organisationer, i detta fall Försvarsmakten. Nio semistrukturerade djupintervjuer genomfördes på Trängregementet där respondenterna bestod av både kvinnor och män som är officerare. Utöver intervjuerna har även flertalet olika dokument granskats som primärt underlag för den diskursanalys som utfördes i studien samt att dokumentationen och empirin verkade som supplement till varandra. De diskursanalytiska metoderna som använts var delar av diskurspsykologi och Bacchias WPR-ansats. Intervjuerna och de granskade dokumenten utgör även studiens triangulering i syfte att erhålla ett bredare perspektiv och därmed gavs möjligheten till en djupare, mer träffsäker och fullständig bild av Försvarsmaktens jämställdhetsarbete. Resultat och slutsatser: Utifrån den diskursanalys som gjordes gick det att finna att Försvarsmakten ser på individen som problemet snarare än att det är organisationen som behöver åtgärdas samt att det även är individen som skall utgöra eller skapa lösningen. Kvinnor har formellt sett goda möjligheter till att göra karriär i Försvarsmakten. Karriärutveckling upplevs däremot som allt för snabb så att relevanta kunskaper och erfarenheter inte erhålls i den mån som upplevs behövas. Kvinnor har dessutom utmaningar med sin identitetsutveckling där de slits mellan att inte vara för ”kvinnliga” men inte heller för ”manliga”. Därmed upplever kvinnor att de inte når upp till de förväntningar som sätts på dem eller så väljer de att anta en mer ”maskulin” form för att försöka anpassa sig till normen. Stereotyper och jargong påverkar således kvinnor ur en negativ aspekt i deras arbete.
Background and problem: For a long time, it has been considered that the military service is one of the manliest things that can be done, because that is when "boys become men", and there has been a notion that women do not belong in the military sphere. This is because women were physically weaker and in need of protection from men, which has led to a barrier for women from positioning themselves in the military. The Swedish armed forces are one of Sweden's last male occupational monopolies and was first set aside 1989 and many demands have been made for women to be able to establish themselves in the authority. Historically, the armed forces were perceived to have a "grubby" jargon, women felt they were badly treated by command and sexism was something that seemed to be deeply rooted. Sweden is one of the countries in the world with the highest proportion of women in working life. Despite this, Sweden has one of the most gender-based segregation of the labor market in the world. The Swedish armed forces are currently working on gender equality in the form of action plans for gender mainstreaming and targets for achieving a more balanced gender balance. But only 17 percent of their employees are women, which makes the armed forces one of Sweden's most gender segregated workplaces. Purpose and method: The purpose of this study was to raise awareness and increase understanding of how socially constructed gender norms are perceived affecting women's opportunities to work, develop their careers and remain in male-dominated organizations, in this case the Swedish armed forces. Nine semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted at Trängregementet where the respondents consisted of both women and men who are officers. In addition to the interviews, several different documents have been examined as the primary basis for the discourse analysis that was carried out in the study. The reviewed documentation and the interviews also appeared as a supplement to each other. The discourse analytical methods used were parts of discourse psychology and Bacchias WPR approach. The interviews and the reviewed documents also form the triangulation of the study in order to obtain a broader perspective and thus the possibility of a deeper, more accurate and complete picture of the armed forces gender equality work. Results and conclusions: Based on the discourse analysis that was done, it was to be found that the armed forces see the individual as the problem rather than that the organization needs to be addressed. The individual should also form or create the solution. Women have formally good opportunities to make careers in the armed forces. Career development, however, is perceived as too fast so that relevant knowledge and experiences are not obtained to the extent that is felt needed. In addition, women have challenges with their identity development where they are torn between not being too "feminine" but also not to "masculine". Therefore, they feel absence of achieving the expectations that are put on them or they choose to adopt a more "masculine" forms to adapt to the norm. Stereotypes and jargon thus affect women from a negative aspect of their work.

This final thesis deals with the theoretical prerequisites and preconditions of democracy and the possibilities of its permanent establishing in Egypt. The main goal of the thesis is to answer the research question, if Egypt is prepared for democracy. In this case study, the role and the specific status of the Egyptian army is examinand as well. The first part deals with the theory of favorable conditions for establishing and maintaining of democracy, published by Robert Dahl, and Lipset's theoretical approach to conditions leading to the stability of democratic regimes. The second theoretical part is dedicated to the relationship among the army and democracy and the civilian control over the military. In this part Samuel Huntington's and Nordlinger's theories are used as well as the Lawson, May and Selochan's alternative concept, which is contributed to developing countries. All the theories used in the thesis are applied on the specific political reality of Egypt. Also theories related with the issue of the military and its position within the Egyptian political system are applied in the empirical part.

The Rise and Fall of CSLA?! Military profession (1960-1970) in the collective memory of the officer corps Jiří Hlaváček Abstract: The aim of this dissertation thesis is the reflection of everyday life and the (transformation) of the professional identity of the officers' corps in the 1960s in the collective memory. The research is based on narrative analysis of oral-historical interviews with witnesses who served in the Czechoslovak People's Army during the period under review. Memories of witnesses are compared with other types of historical sources. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the problems of everyday life in the socialist type army. The content analysis focuses on the motivation of witnesses for the choice of the military profession, the specifics of military life, ideology in the army, the relationship between the soldiers and the public, as well as on the combat readiness and role of the Czechoslovak army in the eventual potential cold-war conflict. The second part of the thesis deals with the actions of actors on the background of event history. It is followed by the reflection of the Prague Spring, the August occupation of 1968 and the subsequent normalization of the army in the early seventies. The main focus is on the narrative analysis of the actors' strategies and the different...

America's language changed, along with its history, because of the Civil War. Nowhere is the point more riveting than in The Language of the Civil War. This is a unique compilation of slang, nicknames, military jargon and terminology, idioms, colloquialisms, and other words are expressions used (and often originating) during the American Civil War. Organized like a standard dictionary, this volume contains approximately 4,000 entries that focus primarily on everyday camp life, military hardware, and military organization. This one-of-a-kind reference work will make it easy for readers to learn the origin and meaning of such Civil War terms as Buttermilk Rangers, jackstraws, Nassau bacon, pumpkin slinger, and stand the gaff. Language of the Civil War contains words originating during the American Civil War. Besides explaining terms and phrases no longer in use, the entries also provide the origins of many common expressions or the original meanings of many familiar sayings that have since changed meaning or connotation. Although many of the terms arose from the nature and needs of life in the military camps, others were in common use in civilian society across both the North and the South. Illustrated with 50 photos and drawings, the volume is a unique resource for students, scholars, reference librarians, and Civil War enthusiasts and reenactors.

Chapter 6’s illustrative application of the theory demonstrates how the propositions are instructive when critically applied a Taiwan war scenario. In this case, it demonstrates how spacepower can influence terrestrial considerations for battle, in particular with long-distance precision-strike warfare, or ‘anti-access/area denial’ (A2/AD) warfare in current military jargon. Two contrasting strategies are critiqued in the case study as equally valid possibilities – the all-out first strike ‘Space Pearl Harbor’ strategy and ‘Counterspace-in-Being’ strategy of keeping space strikes in reserve for a critical moment. These strategies are two possible options for both the United States of America and People’s Republic of China, with Taiwan also having many opportunities of its own to resist Chinese invasion from the mainland. Projecting support from celestial communications down to Earth from the cosmic coastline changes the calculations of concentration and dispersal for military forces on Earth, and understanding the thorny questions of how and when to strike against space systems is aided by an understanding of all seven propositions.

The Enigma cipher machine was slow and cumbersome to use. Sending a message was a complicated procedure requiring the participation of several operators (see photograph 24). The process started with the German plain-language, known as the ‘clear’ or the ‘plaintext’. Encrypting this produced the ‘ciphertext’. Typically, the plaintext or clear consisted of ordinary German words mixed with military abbreviations and jargon (such as WEWA for Wetter Warte, meaning ‘weather station’, and BINE, literally ‘bee’, meaning ‘very very urgent’). A cipher clerk typed the plaintext at the keyboard of an Enigma machine (see the diagram on page 17). Each time the clerk pressed a key, a letter on the lampboard would light. For example, typing HITLER might produce the letters FLKPIM. As the letters of the ciphertext appeared one by one at the lampboard, they were painstakingly noted down by an assistant. Various items of information were then added to the ciphertext, including the intended recipient’s radio call-sign, and a radio operator transmitted the complete message in Morse code. At the receiving end, the process had to be carried out in reverse. The radio operator turned the dit-dit-dahs of the Morse transmission back into letters of ciphertext and handed the result to the cipher clerk. The clerk typed the ciphertext at the keyboard of an Enigma, which had been set up identically to the sender’s machine. The letters of the plaintext lit up at the lampboard one by one and were recorded by the assistant. The Tunny system was much more sophisticated. The process of sending and receiving a message was largely automated. Encryption and decryption were entirely automatic. The transmitted ciphertext was never even seen by the German operators. At the sending end, a single operator typed plaintext at the keyboard of a teleprinter. At the receiving end, the plaintext was printed out automatically by another teleprinter. (A teleprinter is called a teletypewriter in the US.) The sender could switch his teleprinter equipment from ‘hand mode’ to ‘auto mode’. In auto mode, a pre-punched paper tape was fed into the equipment. The plaintext punched on the tape was encrypted and transmitted at high speed.

There were two sections which worked on the German military cipher known as ‘Fish’. One was called Mr Newman’s section and consisted mainly of civilian mathematicians assisted by Wrens and by the embryonic computers. Their task was to strip the first layer of disguise off the intercepted messages. This they did purely by the techniques of probability mathematics, for their product had no more obvious meaning than their raw material. Having got this far they sent the half-deciphered messages over to us in Major Tester’s section. (The Major existed, but was always a shadowy figure, neither much encouraging nor admonishing, nor indeed performing great feats of cryptography himself.) We were a more mixed bag, army officers if we were already so, RSMs (Warrant Officer Class I) if not (this saved time; the rank, at least equally well paid, could be conferred without officer training), one American lieutenant, and a few civilians who were nominally on the strength of some section of the Foreign Office. We were assisted by ATS girls, but by no analytical machines, for our task was the more intuitive one of seeing the clear German (or at least German obscured only by Wehrmacht jargon) under the second layer of cipher, and this was thought to be beyond the help of machines. I would guess, however, that what we did could now be easily computerised. Another retrospective reflection from the perspective of half a century on is that it was very odd that in both sections, despite the fact that the processes called for no strength of physique or even exercise of authority, the question of giving women other than subordinate jobs simply never arose. Tester’s section was divided into two parts. There were the ‘breakers’ and the ‘setters’. The breakers were obviously the elite. They were like matadors compared with picadors, except that they did their work first. Setting was relatively routine. You had to know all the properties of the cipher which had been discovered during the past three years or so, and work with logic and precision. But, if you did this, output for any individual was more or less predictable.

Medical writers have gone through a period of soul searching, a reappraisal of our role as journalists and members of the fourth estate. Are we supposed to simply cover the medical news: the new findings, the “breakthroughs” that appear in medical journals? Or are we also supposed to serve as critics of medicine, uncovering corruption and wrongdoing like our colleagues who cover politics, the military, and business? When I started in this business in the early 19805, we medical journalists liked to talk about ourselves as translators. Our job was to sort through the medical journals, decide what was newsworthy, and then put the jargon of science and statistics into language that ordinary readers could understand. In the intervening years we've done a superb job of translating and conveying information. In fact, we might have done the job too well, because in simply reporting each newsworthy finding in the professional journals, the lay press has helped sell medical products and procedures to a public eager for good news about their health. The upshot is that we've inadvertently helped put a high gloss on medicine, rather than actually keeping the enterprise honest. As medicine has become increasingly commercial and political, medical writers have increasingly assumed the role of critic and watchdog. We still have to cover the medical news, but we also have to provide the social, political, and scientific context for each new finding. These days, getting a medical story right requires more than simply understanding molecular biology, or clinical trial design, or how to express relative risk versus absolute risk. Getting it right also means understanding the role that industry plays in driving medical science. It means questioning assumptions about how disease works. Do a Nexis search for the words “C-reactive protein” and “heart disease,” for instance, and you will find dozens of stories that say, in effect, that C-reactive protein (CRP) is the latest and greatest new predictor of heart disease. But what you won't easily find in all that ink are questions about whether CRP is any better than current predictors of heart disease, like serum cholesterol levels or stress tests.

Octave Mirbeau’s novel Le Jardin des supplices (The Torture Garden; 1899) depicts an exoticized fictional image of a Chinese ‘torture garden’ in order to hold up an allegorical mirror to European hypocrisy in the fin de siècle. Although France under the Third Republic may see itself as a civilized country, the treatment of Alfred Dreyfus and the barbaric violence inflicted on indigenous peoples in north Africa by French colonial forces belies such a claim. But the novel reads as political allegory and as exploitative piece of lurid Orientialism; seemingly complicit with the very system that it critiques, it both celebrates and condemns the Decadent fascination with the exotic Other. Developing an insight by Brian Stableford, this essay reads Le Jardin des supplices alongside Thomas More’s Utopia (1516), which also uses a fictitious journey as a means to critique contemporary mores, including public hanging and military expansion. Following Homi Bhabha, it argues that Mirbeau presents this anti-colonial exoticism in order to suggest a third space beyond the dichotomy of East and West: like More’s island of Utopia, Mirbeau’s fictional China points to a third, hybrid space which transcends the limitations of the French and Chinese polities.