Journal articles on the topic 'Military Hydraulic drive Computer simulation'
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1
Huang, Guoqin, Juncheng Mi, Cheng Yang, and Jin Yu. "CFD-Based Physical Failure Modeling of Direct-Drive Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valve Spool and Sleeve." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 7559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197559.
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Direct-drive electro-hydraulic servo valves are used extensively in aerospace, military and control applications, but little research has been conducted on their service life and physical failure wear. Based on computational fluid dynamics, the main failure forms of direct-drive electro-hydraulic servo valves are explored using their continuous phase flow and discrete phase motion characteristics, and then combined with the theory of erosion for calculation. A mathematical model of the direct-drive electro-hydraulic servo valve is established by using Solidworks software, and then imported into Fluent simulation software to establish its physical failure model and carry out simulation. Finally, the physical failure form of the direct drive electro-hydraulic servo valve is verified by the simulation results, and the performance degradation law is summarized. The results show that temperature, differential pressure, solid particle diameter and concentration, and opening degree all have an impact on the erosion and wear of direct-drive electro-hydraulic servo valves, in which differential pressure and solid particle diameter have a relatively large impact, and the servo valve must avoid working in the range of high differential pressure and solid particle diameter of 20–40 um as far as possible. This also provides further theoretical support and experimental guidance for the industrial application and life prediction of electro-hydraulic servo valves.
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Popov, A. Y. U. "Simulation modeling of the volumetric hydraulic drive." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 3 (June 15, 2018): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66397.
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In the design of a variety of the modern agricultural machines, the hydraulic drive with reciprocating motion for lifting, lowering and moving the working bodies has obtained a wide application. One of the important stages in the design of hydraulic drives and transmissions is a simulation. In connection with the laboriousness of carrying out the full-scale experiment and the cumbersome calculation of mathematical models of hydrosystems, as well as the development of the computing machinery, the simulation modeling has obtained a widespread usage. This type of computer simulation allows to investigate complex systems based on the development of multilink factor models with the visualization of a numerical experiment. The article presents the procedure for the simulation modeling of dynamic processes occurring in the volumetric hydraulic drive. The model is developed on the basis of standard libraries of the computing system MATLAB Simulink. The volumetric hydraulic drive is presented in the form of a structural model and consists of interconnected blocks that on the base of differential equations modeling the operation of a pumping station with a mechanical drive, a safety valve, a three-section four-line hydraulic distributor, double-acting power cylinder with special rod, a hydraulic tank. During the calculation of the simulation model takes into account a change of the modulus of elasticity of the fluid depending on the pressure in the hydraulic system, the parameters of the working fluid, the stiff stop when the extreme positions are reached by the rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the friction between the moving parts in the power hydrocylinder. The developed program allows to simulate working processes at the design stage and obtain the necessary data on the dynamic properties of the hydraulic system in all modes of operation, to demonstrate in the form of graphs and oscillograms, to simplify the analysis of transient processes in the hydraulic system, and also to select the rational design parameters of constituent elements of the volumetric hydraulic drive.
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Zhu, Chenhui, Hongmei Zhang, Wanzhang Wang, Kang Li, and Wanru Liu. "Robust control of hydraulic tracked vehicle drive system based on quantitative feedback theory." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 2 (February 2020): 155014772090783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720907832.
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To improve the control precision of the drive system of hydraulic tracked vehicles, we established a mathematical model of the drive system based on the analysis of structural characteristics of the high-clearance hydraulic tracked vehicles and the dual-pump dual-motor drive system and developed a control strategy based on the quantitative feedback theory. First, the mutual independence of the two motor channels was achieved through channel decoupling. Then, the loop-shaping controller and the pre-filter were designed for the two channels. The result of a simulation experiment indicates that the proposed control method is very effective in suppressing external uncertainties and smoothening the speed-switching process of the hydraulic motor. Finally, an hydraulic tracked vehicle steering experimental test was carried out. The results show that under two different steering modes, the maximum standard deviation of the output speeds of the inner and outer motors of the hydraulic tracked vehicle is only 0.42, which meets the performance requirement on the hydraulic motor speed. The average steering track radii of the geometric centers of the inner and outer tracks are 1.828 and 0.033 m, respectively, and the relative errors are 1.56% and 3.19%, respectively. This demonstrates that the proposed control method achieves satisfactory results in the robust control of the hydraulic tracked vehicle drive system. It provides some references for the future control research of the hydraulic servo drive system of the high-clearance hydraulic tracked vehicles.
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Liu, Tong. "Research on stability of hydraulic system based on nonlinear PID control." Nonlinear Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2022-0222.
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Abstract In order to avoid the interference of the excavator hydraulic control system by external factors, the output stability of the hydraulic control system has to be improved. The method introduces a nonlinear Proportional integral differentiation (PID) controller with deviation correction parameters through the simulation verification of the control effect and the creation of excavator hydraulic drive diagram. PID, whose full English name is proportional integral derivative, is a mathematical and physical term. The controller is modeled in Matlab/Simulink. Finally, the whole hydraulic system is co-simulated by the interface of AMESim and Matlab. The simulation results show that the system model realizes the co-simulation through the interface combination of the two software, which is more accurate than the traditional PID control, and the pressure and flow fluctuation are smaller, which can suppress the interference of external load mutation, and improve the stability of the hydraulic drive output of the excavator. The validity of the experiment is verified.
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Yaryzhko, Alexander. "MODELING A FLUID POWER DRIVE OF THE EXCAVATOR EQUIPMENT." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 1, no. 92 (March 4, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.92.1.178.
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Problem. The hydraulic drive of modern construction and road machines is quite complex, and it takes a lot of time and effort to model the entire drive in full. However, improving the quality of design with reducing terms and costs becomes possible only with the use of modern technologies, computer hardware and software. The existing models of hydraulic system working processes in the physical modeling environment SimHydraulics are presented by block diagram layouts from standard library elements (slide valve, hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder, safety and reverse valves, hydraulic locks, etc.). However, they do not consider the influence of time-varying external forces, which are a reaction during transient processes in multi-link mechanical systems. Goal. The aim of the work is to develop a simulation model of the fluid power drive of the excavator working equipment mechanical system in the MATLAB & SimHydraulics package for studying the dynamics of transient processes of multilink mechanical objects. Methodology. The article describes an example of developing a physical simulation model of the excavator working equipment fluid power drive in the SimHydraulics package. Using the real technical characteristics of the hydraulic equipment of the Borex 2201 excavator, the performance of the developed model was checked and the power characteristics of the actuators were determined. Originality. Using the blocks described in the article, a simulation model of the interaction of the excavator working equipment mechanical system with its fluid power drive can be created. Practical value. The model proposed makes it possible to obtain values characterizing transient processes, including changes in the value of the generalized coordinates of the characteristic points in the working equipment, the rate of their change, and the effort in the hydraulic cylinder. A visual representation of the manipulator movement can be obtained using the SimScape built-in visualization function. The resulting model allows solving problems of analysis and synthesis of excavator operation control systems.
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Wang, Jing Fu, and Lu Yang Wang. "Simulation Research on Effects of Low Velocity Characteristics to Direct Drive Volume Control Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 464 (November 2013): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.464.310.
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The Direct Drive Volume Control (DDVC) Electro-hydraulic Servo System is a new Electro-hydraulic Servo System. It has the advantages of flexibility of AC servo motor control and high power of hydraulic servo system. Compared with the traditional electro-hydraulic servo system, the DDVC system is efficient, miniaturized integrated, convenient operated and economical. It has been used in many domains, and made great economic benefits. So it is widely considered to be one of the most important developing directions of the hydraulic control system. It will be widely used in more and more areas in the future. With the development of its application, how to improve the trajectory tracking precision of the DDVC system in low velocity motions becomes more important in the field. So that, the level of the low velocity characteristic impacted the system become to an important subject. In this paper, the mathematical mode of AC asynchronism motor Direct Torque Control was established, and the simulation mode was built. In addition, the idealized model of the DDVC system which based on united simulation of AMEsim/Simulink was established, simulation was executed. In order to make the research available, the low velocity characteristic of the DDVC system was also analyzed, and the low velocity characteristic simulation model was built. Computer simulation validated that the friction, the leakage and the mechanical losses are seriously influenced the system performance when the system working on the low velocity mode.
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Жукевич, А. Б., and О. А. Жукевич. "СИНТЕЗ І НАПІВНАТУРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ГІДРОПРИВОДУ З КОВЗНИМИ РЕЖИМАМИ." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 87 (June 30, 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2020.87.06.
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We consider the construction of servo-hydraulic drive of volumetric regulation system control relay type. A volumetric hydraulic actuator is used in agriculture, construction, transport machine, coal harvesters, rigs, airplanes, military machinery, etc. Hydraulic bulk drive have several advantages, most important of which are the possibility of obtaining a great effort, smooth operation, low inertia hydraulic machines, relatively high efficiency (up to 80%), high reliability. At the same time, he has a number of drawbacks, chief of which is the change in the properties of the working liquid during operation and under the influence of external factors. The disadvantages include loss of hydraulic oil, contamination of the liquid during operation. These shortcomings can lead to loss of quality control loss of accuracy, speed of working off of the set of control actions. One of the classes of systems which structurally provide high dynamic accuracy, there are systems operating in the sliding mode. In addition, due to the introduction of sliding mode in some cases it is possible to increase the degree of astaticism of the system, and hence to improve the playback quality of the input job. Proposed the implementation of a control system of hydraulic drive, is invariant to parametric and external disturbances through the use of sliding modes. To study the proposed control system with hydraulic drive constructed model of the developed system, which is the natural object of a hydraulic drive using its mathematical model, at the same time the control system is implemented physically is one that can be used in a real device. Hill simulation has allowed answering the questions of realization of sliding modes when controlling hydraulic drive of volumetric regulation through a DC motor. The behavior of a control system of hydraulic drive when changing the parameters of the control object (the moment of inertia, viscosity), which showed that the change of damping ratio within a wide range (up to 50% of the design) does not disrupt the sliding mode, the quality of the regulatory process does not deteriorate significantly. At the same time, the change to 100% conversion rate can lead to instability of the control system that allows to make a conclusion about the establishment of the position controller on the lesser of the possible damping coefficients. Also a study of digital implementation of the synthesized control law by introducing in the control loop time delay has been carried out, which is possible with the use of microprocessor-based calculator.
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Fang, Delei, Junhong Yang, Jianzhong Shang, Zhuo Wang, and Yong Feng. "A Novel Energy-Efficient Wobble Plate Hydraulic Joint for Mobile Robotic Manipulators." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112915.
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At present, mobile robotic manipulators have been greatly developed. However, these further promotions are limited by a low load capacity and short operation time. The above problems can be improved by using a hydraulic drive mode and increasing the system energy efficiency. In this paper, a novel energy-efficient wobble plate hydraulic joint is presented, which has the characteristics of having a small size, lightweight, large load capacity, and high energy efficiency. Based on the efficiency analysis in traditional robotic manipulators, this paper presents a novel hydraulic joint with a multi-chamber drive structure. Kinematics model and dynamics model are both established for the analysis of the mechanical characteristics, and the functional relationship between the input and output is depicted by numerical simulation. Based on the structural characteristics and control principle, the load matching controller is designed and specific control processes are formulated. Combined with a strategy of load matching, the servo control system is established and the energy-saving effect is verified by simulation. The result shows that the wobble plate hydraulic joint can change connections between a high-pressure circuit and different working chambers, which realizes the match between the output torque and load torque. With the load matching controller, the energy consumption of the wobble plate joint is greatly reduced, which contributes to a considerably improved energy efficiency. The research in this paper not only lays a theoretical foundation for the development of a wobble plate hydraulic joint, but also provides guidance for the improvement of the hydraulic system energy efficiency in mobile robotic manipulators.
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Ma, Guoliang, Kaixian Ba, Zhiwu Han, Zhengguo Jin, Bin Yu, and Xiangdong Kong. "A Mathematical Model Including Mechanical Structure, Hydraulic and Control of LHDS." Robotica 39, no. 7 (January 20, 2021): 1328–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574720001204.
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SUMMARYIn this paper, mathematical models of kinematics, statics and inverse dynamics are derived firstly according to the mechanical structure of leg hydraulic drive system (LHDS). Then, all the above models are integrated with MATLAB/Simulink to build the LHDS simulation model, the model not only considers influence of leg dynamic characteristics on hydraulic system but also takes into account nonlinearity, variable load characteristics and other common problems brought by hydraulic system, and solves compatibility and operation time which brought by using multiple software simultaneously. The experimental results show the simulation model built in this paper can accurately express characteristics of the system.
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Grechikhin, Valeriy V., Galina A. Galka, Anatoliy I. Ozerskiy, and Mikhail E. Shoshiashvili. "The method of dynamic operating modes investigation in electrohydraulic drive systems with improved accuracy of positioning executive elements." MATEC Web of Conferences 226 (2018): 04024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822604024.
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The article describes the method of dynamic operating modes investigation in electrohydraulic drive systems with improved accuracy of positioning output element. The method is the evolution of the fundamental positions of the mechanics of continuous media with moving boundaries as applied to the research of non-stationary processes accompanying the operation of hydraulic drive systems with piston hydraulic machines. The method is based on generalized modeling (technical, physical, mathematical and computer), takes into account the peculiarities of mutual influence of electric and hydraulic machines during their joint work as part of the electrohydraulic drive, which raises the level and adequacy of actuators simulation, as well as the reliability of the assessment of their technical condition. The method extends the field of research, improves the accuracy of the calculation of the positioning of the executive elements, taking into account the different dynamic modes of the drives under study.
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Wang, Xu, and Xin Ma. "Preliminary results of the “four-dimensional six degrees-of-freedom” gait simulation system improvement." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00510.
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Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Using computer-controlled electro-hydraulic servo technology, we studied the improved “four-dimensional six degrees-of-freedom” gait simulation system based on motor and hydraulic hybrid drive control and achieved the human body’s normal gait cycle with fresh cadavers Methods: Through the superimposed combination of a composite servo motor drive mechanism, a highly precise “four-dimensional six degrees-of-freedom” at the tibia could be achieved using fresh cadavers below the knee. At the same time, ten sets of independently controlled electro-hydraulic servo hydraulic cylinders were used to achieve the mechanical loading of the tendon and tibia to reproduce the dynamic and kinematic parameters of the normal gait cycle with the cadaver model Results: The time for the system to complete a gait cycle was controlled at approximately three seconds. The coordinate motion curve of the tibia in the six degrees-of-freedom space was consistent with the M curve of the normal gait cycle, and the measurement results of plantar stress were similar to the measurement curves of the normal gait cycle. Conclusion: The improved “four-dimensional six degrees-of-freedom” gait simulation system successfully reproduced a gait cycle that was the closest to the normal gait cycle among all existing research.
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Yang, Ji Dong, and Xin Chen. "Giant Die Forging Press Machine Main Circuit Electromechanical Hydraulic Servo Control System Modeling and Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.655.
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This paper research on an electromechanical hydraulic mixture control system used in large scale die-forging press, based on the national major science and technology project (2009ZX04005-011). This mixture control system used in press machine accomplishes pressing, pressure-keeping, return. The control system uses hydraulic oil to control three-position five-path slide valve as hydraulic system main valve, for drive system of giant die forging press is characteristic of ultrahigh pressure and large flow, high power. This control system consists of two parts: firstly, establishing electromechanical hydraulic mixture control model by adding electronics and feedback section to servo slide system. Secondly, combining existing slide control hydraulic cylinder model and server slide system form main circuit closed-loop control system. The last but not least, Computer simulation was conducted by matlab got the ideal control curve.
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Nicolin, B. A., and I. Nicolin. "Simulation of the hydraulic steering device, for a nose landing gear." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1268, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1268/1/012005.
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The hydraulic steering simulation is done with SIMULINK, part of the MathWorks MATLAB® application. All parts, subassemblies, and assemblies that define the nose landing gear (NLG) and nose wheel steering are fully defined in 3D, with CATIA V5 - a computer-aided design software used for modeling, it is possible to carry out simulations that allow preliminary evaluation, theoretically and experimentally. The purpose of this simulation is to confirm the correctness of the steering gear kinematics, that the two hydraulic cylinders have been sized correctly and can overcome the resistive steering moment, and that the steering time complies with design specifications for the nose landing gear of a military training aircraft.
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Pramanik, Sourav, and Sohel Anwar. "Look Ahead Based Control Strategy for Hydro-Static Drive Wind Turbine Using Dynamic Programming." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 5240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205240.
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This research paper presents a look-ahead optimal control strategy for a Hydro-static Drive Wind Turbine when look ahead wind speed information is available. The proposed predictive controller is a direct numerical optimizer based on the well established principles of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (Dynamic Programming). Hydro-static transmission based, non-linear model of wind turbine is used in this optimization work. The optimal behavior of the turbine used the non-linearity of aerodynamic maps and hydro-static drive train by a convex combination of state space controller with measurable generator speed and hydraulic motor displacement as scheduling parameters. A comparative analysis between a optimal controller based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm as published in literature and the proposed look ahead based predictive controller is presented. The simulation results show that proposed look ahead strategy offered optimal operation of the wind turbine by closely tracking the optimal tip-speed ratio to maximize capacity factor while also maintaining the hydraulic motor speed close to the desired value to ensure that the frequency of electrical output is constant. It is observed from the simulation results that the proposed predictive controller provided around 3.5% better performance in terms of improving total system losses and harvesting energy as compared to the MPPT algorithm.
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Li, Yuan Hui, Kui Sheng Chen, Jiang Hong Deng, and Xin Yuan Chen. "The Research on Rake-Car’s Driving System of Ore Reclaimer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.10.
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Rake-car’s driving system of ore reclaimer originally used crank and connecting rod mechanism as driving mechanism. The driving mechanism got some trouble that parts got severe wear and failure rate of mechanism was high. The hydraulic system is used to drive rake car in view of hydraulic driving system’s advantage. By analysis on existing problem of crank and connecting rod mechanism, the actual working load of equipment is tested and the working situation is analysed. The working situation of the hydraulic system is also analysed by computer simulation. By optimization of the hydraulic system design, the final design is determined. The whole system is actually used. It works well.
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Nevrly, Josef, Martin Fichta, Miroslav Jurik, Zdenek Nemec, Daniel Koutny, Pavel Vorel, and Petr Prochazka. "Battery Electric Drive of Excavator Designed with Support of Computer Modeling and Simulation." Proceedings 58, no. 1 (September 12, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wef-06927.
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The motivation for this article was to describe the creation of a battery electric drive of a smaller excavator of a well-known manufacturer. The aim of the excavator electrification research was to replace its internal combustion engine with an electric motor. The innovated excavator does not burden its surroundings with gas exhalations and excessive sound emissions, so that it can work in confined spaces or protected areas. Simulation models of electric and hydraulic parts of the drive were created to select the most suitable solutions verified or predicted by simulations in a Matlab/Simulink environment. Tests have shown that the excavator is capable of operating for at least 7 h without recharging the battery. The other main achieved results of the project are a functional model of zero emissions of mini-excavator exhalation gases with significantly reduced noise, a proven control algorithm in the form of software, and its utility model according to the patent application 2018-35127 adopted by the Industrial Property Office of the Czech Republic. Innovation of the solution of the excavator was awarded the Gold Medal at the Brno International Engineering Fair in 2018.
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Sun, Yue, Hongxin Zhang, and Jian Yang. "The Structure Principle and Dynamic Characteristics of Mechanical-Electric-Hydraulic Dynamic Coupling Drive System and Its Application in Electric Vehicle." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101601.
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To solve the problem of the low recovery rate of braking energy and the short driving range of electric vehicles, a novel mechanical-electric-hydraulic dynamic coupling drive system (MEH-DCDS) is proposed in this article. MEH-DCDS is a new power integration device that allows electric, mechanical, and hydraulic energy to be converted mutually. It comprises a swash plate plunger pump/motor and a permanent magnet synchronous motor. This article explains the structure and working principles of MEH-DCDS. We describe the dynamic characteristics of MEH-DCDS and analyze the pump and hydraulic motor in the MEH-DCDS hydraulic module. The simulation results show that the flow variation of the MEH-DCDS hydraulic module accords with the design concept of MEH-DCDS, and the pressure variation of high and low pressure accumulators also accords with the theoretical situation. The energy flow of Mechanical-Electric-Hydraulic Power Coupling Electric Vehicle (MEHPC-EV) under different working modes is expounded, and the mathematical model of its key components is established. Based on AMESim and Simulink, the article establishes a vehicle simulation dynamic model. The dynamic performance of MEHPC-EV in UDDS is analyzed by co-simulation. The simulation results show that the application of MEH-DCDS in electric vehicles is feasible. MEHPC-EV reduced battery energy consumption by 26.18% compared to EV. The research in this paper verifies the accuracy and superiority of the system, which has a significant reference value for the development and study of electric vehicles in the future.
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Azzam, Israa, Keith Pate, Jose Garcia-Bravo, and Farid Breidi. "Energy Savings in Hydraulic Hybrid Transmissions through Digital Hydraulics Technology." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 13, 2022): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041348.
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Hydraulic hybrid drivetrains, which are fluid power technologies implemented in automobiles, present a popular alternative to conventional drivetrain architectures due to their high energy savings, flexibility in power transmission, and ease of operation. Hydraulic hybrid drivetrains offer multiple environmental benefits compared to other power transmission technologies. They provide heavy-duty vehicles, e.g., commercial transportation, construction equipment, wagon handling, drilling machines, and military trucks, with the potential to achieve better fuel economy and lower carbon emissions. Despite the preponderance of hydraulic hybrid transmissions, state-of-the-art hydraulic hybrid drivetrains have relatively low efficiencies, around 64% to 81%. This low efficiency is due to the utilization of conventional variable displacement pumps and motors that experience high power losses throughout the drive cycle and thus fail to maintain high operating efficiency at lower volumetric displacements. This work proposes and validates a new methodology to improve the overall efficiency of hydraulic hybrid drivetrains by replacing conventional pump/motor units with their digital counterparts. Compared to conventional pump/motors, the digital pump/motor can achieve higher overall efficiencies at a wide range of operating conditions. A proof-of-concept digital pump/motor prototype was built and tested. The experimental data were integrated into a multi-domain physics-based simulation model of a series hydraulic hybrid transmission. The proposed methodology permits enhancing the overall efficiency of a series hydraulic hybrid transmission and thus allows for energy savings. Simulating the system at moderate load-speed conditions allowed achieving a total efficiency of around 89%. Compared to the average efficiency of the series hydraulic hybrid drivetrains, our simulation results reveal that the utilization of the state-of-the-art digital pump enables improving the total efficiency of the series hydraulic hybrid drivetrain by up to 25%.
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Yang, Jian, Tiezhu Zhang, Hongxin Zhang, Jichao Hong, and Zewen Meng. "Research on the Starting Acceleration Characteristics of a New Mechanical–Electric–Hydraulic Power Coupling Electric Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 6279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236279.
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To simplify the layout of a purely electric vehicle transmission system and improve the acceleration performance of the vehicle, this paper utilizes the characteristics of the large torque of a hydraulic transmission system and proposes a new mechanical–electric–hydraulic dynamic coupling drive system (MEH-DCDS). It integrates the traditional motor and the swashplate hydraulic pump/motor into one, which can realize the mutual conversion between the mechanical energy, electrical energy, and hydraulic energy. This article explains its working principle and structural characteristics. At the same time, the mathematical model for the key components is established and the operation mode is divided into various types. Based on AMESim software, the article studies the dynamic characteristics of the MEH-DCDS, and finally proposes a method that combines real-time feedback of the accumulator output torque with PID control to complete the system simulation. The results show that the MEH-DCDS vehicle has a starting time of 4.52 s at ignition, and the starting performance is improved by 40.37% compared to that of a pure motor drive system vehicle; after a PID adjustment, the MEH-DCDS vehicle’s starting time is shortened by 1.04 s, and the acceleration performance is improved by 23.01%. The results indicated the feasibility of the system and the power performance was substantially improved. Finally, the system is integrated into the vehicle and the dynamic performance of the MEH-DCDS under cycle conditions is verified by joint simulation. The results show that the vehicle is able to follow the control speed well when the MEH-DCDS is loaded on the vehicle. The state-of-charge (SOC) consumption rate is reduced by 20.33% compared to an electric vehicle, while the MEH-DCDS has an increased range of 45.7 m compared to the EV. This improves the energy efficiency and increases the driving range.
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Попиков, Петр, P. Popikov, П. Гончаров, P. Goncharov, Андрей Шаров, and Andrey Sharov. "Modelling workflow forest fire soil - thrower with energy-saving hydraulic drive." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3d097ac621c3.55675220.
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The article is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic soil-thrower with connection air-charged accumulator which stores energy during overload when working bodies meeting with obstacles, while avoiding the operation of safety valves and conversion hydraulic energy into heat. Mathematical model that comprehensively describes the events taking place: the rotation and movement of the rotor soil-thrower rotor interaction with the ground and obstacles, the drive ground in space. In the method of the soil and the obstacles presented a collection of a large number (about 2000 ... 10000) spherical elements of small size, enabled communicate both among themselves and with the blades soil-thrower. The simulation is performed in three-dimensional space XYZ, where in the same elements have a spherical shape with the same diameter. With in the framework of the model developed by the working surfaces are represented as a set of elementary triangles. Rotor soil-thrower model with some degree of desensitization is represented by four rectangular blades, each of which consists of two triangles. In the process of simulation reproduced rotation of the rotor and the calculation of the interaction with the elements of triangular surfaces ground and obstacles. To solve the system of differential-social and algebraic equations, which laid the basis for the model, time-operated computer program "Program for modeling the work of forest fire soil-thrower with energy saving action hydraulic drive" program time to work in Borland Delphi environment 7.0 language Object Programming PascalIzucheny soil-thrower stage of interaction with the irresistible preption. Using the powering hydraulic system improves the uniformity of rotation of the rotor, to reduce energy costs for rotorus rotation by 12%.
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Ketelsen, Søren, Torben Ole Andersen, Morten K. Ebbesen, and Lasse Schmidt. "A Self-Contained Cylinder Drive with Indirectly Controlled Hydraulic Lock." Modeling, Identification and Control: A Norwegian Research Bulletin 41, no. 3 (2020): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4173/mic.2020.3.4.
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Skorek, Grzegorz. "Influence of Hydraulic Oil Viscosity on the Energy Efficiency of Hydrostatic Drive." Journal of KONBiN 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2022-0002.
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Abstract The article presents the influence of oil viscosity on the overall efficiency of the compared systems with proportional cylinder control. There are energy losses in the elements of the hydraulic system, which are, among other things, a function of the viscosity of the working fluid used, as well as energy losses which are practically independent of the viscosity. In order to assess the possibilities of saving energy during the operation of the hydrostatic drive system, it is necessary to understand and describe the losses occurring in the system. Determining the energy efficiency of the system can be performed simulation with the help of a computer program using an appropriate mathematical model. The efficiency determined in this way can be used in the process of designing and operating the system.
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Wang, Jing Fu, Li Hua Liang, and Lu Yang Wang. "Research on the Low Velocity Accuracy Control of the Direct Drive Volume Control Electro-Hydraulic Servo System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 419 (October 2013): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.419.623.
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The Direct Drive Volume Control (DDVC) Electro-hydraulic Servo System is a new Electro-hydraulic Servo System. With the development of its application, how to improve the trajectory tracking precision of the DDVC system in low velocity motions becomes more important in the field. So that, the level of the low velocity characteristic impacted the system become to an important subject. In this paper, the mathematical mode of AC asynchronism motor Direct Torque Control was established, and the simulation mode was built. In addition, the idealized model of the DDVC system which based on united simulation of AMEsim/Simulink was established, simulation was executed. In order to make the research available, the low velocity characteristic of the DDVC system was also analyzed, and the low velocity characteristic simulation model was built. Computer simulation validated that the friction is seriously influenced the system performance when the system working on the low velocity mode. An integral back stepping adaptive control law is designed to realize the friction compensation and load disturbance estimation. From the Lyapunov theory, the stability of the closed-loop system is proved. Simulation results show that LuGre friction in servo systems will lead to the effect of limit cycles and stick-slip. Moreover, the proposed compensation method can greatly reduce the effect and improve the system tacking accuracy and robustness.
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Posmetev, Valeriy, Vadim Nikonov, Viktor Posmetev, and Vladimir Zelikov. "COMPUTER SIMULATION RESULTS OF FUNCTIONING OF THE PNEUMATIC SUBSYSTEM OF RECOVERABLE HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF A FOREST TRUCK WITH A SEMI-TRAILER." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.1/17.
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The relevance of developing new devices for accumulation and conversion of compressed air energy in a regenerative hydraulic drive of a timber truck with a semitrailer has been substantiated. The layout of recuperative mechanisms on a timber tractor with a semitrailer and the diagram of a recuperative hydraulic drive with subsystems for accumulating and converting compressed air energy are presented. A simplified diagram of a pneumatic energy-saving system for studying the functioning of the subsystems of accumulation and energy conversion of compressed air is presented. A mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the efficiency of using a pneumatic energy-saving system, which includes the equations of change in the gas state in its elements, solved by the Euler numerical method. A modeling algorithm is described, consisting of seven repeating steps performed in the process of computer simulation. The developed computer program is presented, which allows studying pneumatic energy-saving system. Computer experiments with the most typical set of its design and technological parameters are presented. The time dependences of the volume of the pneumatic cavities under consideration, the amount of substance in them, pressure and air temperature in the pneumatic cavities under consideration are obtained. The influence of the diameter of the pneumatic cylinder on the filling time of the receiver, the number of strokes of the piston and thermal efficiency has been defined
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Zhang, Chenyang. "PD Plus Dynamic Pressure Feedback Control for a Direct Drive Stewart Manipulator." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051125.
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In order to ensure good dynamic characteristics, servo valve is usually adopted as the drive part of Stewart manipulator which causes huge power consumption, while direct drive electro-hydraulic servo system has the advantages of energy saving, simple structure, convenient installation, and low failure rate. But its dynamic characteristics are so poor that it can only be applied to occasions where quick response is not needed. On the consideration above, following works are done in this paper. Since current coupling exists in the control system based on the speed of the servo motor as the control input, the control system of the direct drive Stewart manipulator is established based on the current of the servo motor as the control input in which the current coupling can be solved. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the direct drive Stewart manipulator, a Proportion Differentiation (PD) plus dynamic pressure feedback control strategy is also put forward in this paper, which is verified by using a simulated hydraulically driven Stewart manipulator. Simulation results show that both dynamic coupling and current coupling are solved and the control strategy proposed in this paper can significantly increase the bandwidths of all degrees of freedom.
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Pedersen, Niels Henrik, Sören Christian Jensen, R. H. Hansen, Anders Hedegaard Hansen, and Torben Ole Andersen. "Control of an Energy Efficient Hydraulic Cylinder Drive with Multiple Pressure Lines." Modeling, Identification and Control: A Norwegian Research Bulletin 39, no. 4 (2018): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4173/mic.2018.4.2.
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Kulikov, Ilya, Kirill Karpukhin, and Rinat Kurmaev. "X-in-the-Loop Testing of a Thermal Management System Intended for an Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Motors." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 6452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236452.
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The article describes an elaboration of the X-in-the-loop (XiL) testing environment for a thermal management system (TMS) intended for the traction electric drive of an electric vehicle, which has each of its wheels driven by an in-wheel motor. The TMS features the individual thermal regulation of each electric drive using a hydraulic layout with parallel pipelines and electrohydraulic pumps embedded into them. The XiL system is intended as a tool for studying and developing the TMS design and controls. It consists of the virtual part and the physical part. The former simulates the vehicle operating in a driving cycle with the heat power dissipated by the electric drive components, which entails the change in their temperature regimes. The physical part includes the TMS itself consisting of a radiator, pipelines, and pumps. The physical part also features devices intended for simulation of the electric drive components in terms of their thermal and hydraulic behaviors, as well as devices that simulate airflow induced by the vehicle motion. Bilateral, real-time interactions are established between the two said parts combining them into a cohesive system, which models the studied electric vehicle and its components. The article gives a description of a laboratory setup, which implements the XiL environment including the mathematical models, hardware devices, as well as the control loops that establish the interaction of those components. An example of using this system in a driving cycle test shows the interaction between its parts and operation of the TMS in conditions simulated in both virtual and physical domains. The results constitute calculated and measured quantities including vehicle speed, operating parameters of the electric drives, coolant and air flow rates, and temperatures of the system components.
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Patel, Vidhi, Concettina Buccella, and Carlo Cecati. "Analysis and Implementation of Multilevel Inverter for Full Electric Aircraft Drives." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 22, 2020): 6126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226126.
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In modern aircrafts, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators have been already replaced with electric counterparts, but the advancement of the inverter and motor technology has made possible that the propulsion system can be powered by electrical sources. These high power requirements can not be efficiently fulfilled by using a typical two level converter; the multi-level converter represents a suitable solution for this application. This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge, a 9-level permanent magnet synchronous motor drive for full electric aircrafts. Harmonic analysis is presented considering different levels of a multi-level inverter. Simulation results and experimental validation with a test-rig confirms the accuracy of the proposed system.
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Veselovska, Nataliia, Serhiy Shargorodskiy, Evgen Yashchuk, and Roman Hrechko. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION TYPE GST-90." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(116) (April 29, 2022): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2022-1-7.
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As you know, one of the areas of development of modern agricultural machinery is to expand their functionality, increase capacity and productivity. The solution to this problem is possible through the use of powerful small-sized drives - namely hydraulic drives. These properties of the drive of this type have become crucial for its widespread use in agricultural machinery. Today, the hydraulic drive is used to drive the working bodies of machines, and as the drive of the main movement of self-propelled agricultural machines. The main hydraulic unit that drives a self-propelled agricultural machine is a hydrostatic transmission. Significant competition in the market of self-propelled agricultural machinery has led to an increase in the level of technical requirements for both agricultural machinery in general and hydrostatic transmissions operating in their composition. At the same time, further increase of energy saving and economic efficiency becomes especially important. The solution of the set tasks is greatly facilitated by further hydrofication of the drives and working bodies of agricultural machines. The most successful solution to this problem is the use of a hydrostatic drive, a typical representative of which are hydrostatic transmissions such as GST-90. The analysis of theoretical researches is carried out, the design of the stand for carrying out experimental researches for the purpose of confirmation of results of mathematical modeling is offered. Measuring and recording equipment for conducting a physical experiment is described. The coincidence of the results of experimental studies of hydrostatic transmissions with the results of computer simulation based on the developed mathematical model confirms its adequacy and correctness of the assumptions. Due to this, it is possible to recommend using the results of mathematical modeling in the design of new designs of hydrostatic transmissions.
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Yang, Yang, Yundong He, Zhong Yang, Chunyun Fu, and Zhipeng Cong. "Torque Coordination Control of an Electro-Hydraulic Composite Brake System During Mode Switching Based on Braking Intention." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082031.
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The electro-hydraulic composite braking system of a pure electric vehicle can select different braking modes according to braking conditions. However, the differences in dynamic response characteristics between the motor braking system (MBS) and hydraulic braking system (HBS) cause total braking torque to fluctuate significantly during mode switching, resulting in jerking of the vehicle and affecting ride comfort. In this paper, torque coordination control during mode switching is studied for a four-wheel-drive pure electric vehicle with a dual motor. After the dynamic analysis of braking, a braking force distribution control strategy is developed based on the I-curve, and the boundary conditions of mode switching are determined. A novel combined pressure control algorithm, which contains a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) and fuzzy controller, is used to control the brake pressure of each wheel cylinder, to realize precise control of the hydraulic brake torque. Then, a novel torque coordination control strategy is proposed based on brake pedal stroke and its change rate, to modify the target hydraulic braking torque and reflect the driver’s braking intention. Meanwhile, motor braking torque is used to compensate for the insufficient braking torque caused by HBS, so as to realize a smooth transition between the braking modes. Simulation results show that the proposed coordination control strategy can effectively reduce torque fluctuation and vehicle jerk during mode switching.
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MILECKI, Andrzej, and Dominik RYBARCZYK. "Investigations of applications of smart materials and methods in fluid valves and drives." Journal of Machine Engineering 19, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6235.
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In the paper the investigations performed at the Division of Mechtronic Devices at Poznan University of Technology in the area of application of both: smart materials in electro-hydraulic and electro-pneumatic valves, and new methods to control of hydraulic servo drives, are presented. In a first part the piezo bender actuator is shortly described and its application in servo valve is proposed. This actuator replaced the torque motor in the available on the market servo valve. The new valve simulation model is proposed. The simulation and investigations results of the servo valve with the piezo bending actuator are included. In the next part of the paper the application of piezo tube actuator in flapper-nozzle pneumatic valve is described. The test stand and investigations results are presented. Later, in the article, the Model Following Control (MFC) and Fractional order Control (FoC) methods are described. Their application in control of electrohydraulic servo drive is proposed. Some investigations results are included in the paper, showing the advantages of those control methods.
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Chen, Yihui, Tiezhu Zhang, Hongxin Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Qingxiao Jia, Hao Chen, Haigang Xu, and Yanjun Zhang. "Study on the Effect of Hydraulic Energy Storage on the Performance of Electro-Mechanical-Hydraulic Power-Coupled Electric Vehicles." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203344.
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In order to address the problems of low energy storage capacity and short battery life in electric vehicles, in this paper, a new electromechanical-hydraulic power coupling drive system is proposed, and an electromechanical-hydraulic power coupling electric vehicle is proposed based on this system. The system realizes the mutual conversion between mechanical energy, hydraulic energy, and electric energy through the electromechanical–hydraulic coupler. This paper describes the structural characteristics and working principles of the system and analyzes the different working modes during the driving of the vehicle. We established a mathematical model of the hydraulic accumulator and the hydraulic pump and motor. Based on the vehicle dynamics model, an AME Sim vehicle model was built and the vehicle, and the relevant hydraulic parameters were set in combination with the actual situation. The braking energy recovery and release process was jointly simulated by AME Sim and Simulink. The simulation results show that the hydraulic accumulator size of the accumulator volume can influence the maximum working pressure of the accumulator and the SOC of the vehicle battery, and it is verified that 35 L is the best capacity. This study has an important reference value for matching electromechanical–hydraulic coupling parameters of electric vehicles.
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Zheng, Penglong, Jian Liu, and WeiWei Wu. "Dynamic Analysis and Model Predictive Control of Excavator’s Working Device." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2195, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2195/1/012039.
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Abstract Aiming at the development requirements of automation and intelligence of traditional hydraulic excavator, the robot modeling theory is applied to the modeling process of it, and the general forward and inverse kinematics models of excavator working device including the hydraulic drive structure were given. Based on Lagrange equation, the dynamics model of excavator is established, and a trajectory tracking control method is proposed for this model. The tracking effect of model predictive control method on preset trajectory under different working conditions is studied by computer simulation technology. The research results show that the model predictive control can give a more accurate feedforward control force under complex working conditions, realize accurate tracking of the trajectory, and effectively reduce the control delay caused by large inertia working conditions, and has good robustness.
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Посметьев, Viktor Posmetev, Канищев, Denis Kanishchev, Попиков, Petr Popikov, Стороженко, and Stanislav Storozhenko. "Modeling workflows of energy-saving hydraulic drive of technological equipment of timber-hauling machine." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11280.
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Workflow mechanisms of forestry cranes tower rotation are accompanied by large dynamic loads that cause sudden changes in fluid pressure in balancing and braking modes. When the rotary column stops at different positions damping of pressure of the working fluid vibration occurs due to its overflow from one chamber to another through an orifice, wherein the hydraulic energy is transformed into heat one, resulting in overheating and energy loss of fluid. Efficient are energy-saving hydropneumatic drives of column of the manipulator which are able to recover energy during transient conditions and to return some of the energy back into the system. For hydraulic manipulators with four paired hydraulic cylinders of rotation mechanism of the column one pair of cylinders is proposed to be replaced by pneumatic cylinders connected to a rotary column through the gear and toothed rack that allows you to transfer it into recovery mode of energy. A mathematical model of the boom rotation of the manipulator is developed; equations for a hydro pneumatic system recovery are made. In the model three mechanical processes are considered: the rotational movement of the column about the vertical axis of the manipulator, the forward movement of the plunger along the axis of the damper, and sway of the load relative to the attachment point on the manipulator arm. To solve the system of differential equations, computer program for the simulation of hydraulic manipulator equipped with a hydraulic damper is composed. The dependence of the restoring force of the displacement of the toothed rack is get. In the vicinity of the equilibrium position, this dependence is nearly linear over a wide range of rack movement: from about 50 to 180 mm. With significant turns of the column volume of one of the chambers of the air cylinder approaches zero value, whereby the restoring force of the module increases significantly, which helps braking of the column in the final step of rotation and influences the process of energy accumulation.
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Fan, Zhenquan, Xiaoyu Wang, Zijin Wang, Sijia Gao, and Sheng Lin. "Distributed variable stiffness joint assist mechanism based on laminated structure." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 18, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 172988142110606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17298814211060661.
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Exoskeleton technology is more and more widely used in military, human rehabilitation, and other fields, but exoskeleton assisting mechanisms have problems such as high quality, concentrated driving sources, and poor flexibility. This article proposes a distributed variable stiffness joint power-assisted mechanism based on a laminated structure, which uses a giant magnetostrictive material as the driving source and the variable stiffness source of the structure. The distributed driving is realized by multiple driving units connected in series and parallel. Firstly, the drive unit stiffness matrix is deduced, and the expression equations of the cascaded total stiffness matrix of the drive module are obtained. After the simulation study, the curve of the stiffness of a single drive unit with a magnetic field and the stiffness of multiple drive units connected in series and parallel are in the absence of the magnetic field. The change curve of the stiffness of the booster module with the number of drive units under the excitation and saturation magnetic field excitation conditions is to achieve the effect of dynamically controlling the structural stiffness of the drive unit by controlling the size of the magnetic field and to obtain a general formula through data fitting. The number of drive units required under a fixed magnetic field excitation can ensure that the error is within 5%. The research results lay the foundation for further analysis of the distributed variable stiffness joint assist technology.
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Zhou, Xiang. "Tracking and Analysing Error in Feedback Linearized Motion Trajectory of Hydraulic Actuator Based on the Internet of Things." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (October 3, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2195498.
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In the current era of technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining more importance as compared to the rest of the technologies because of its tremendous improvement and application in various areas including tracking and error controlling of physical devices. Controlling physical equipment from afar has become necessary in today’s practice. This type of operation needs a robust infrastructure that connects various types of equipment, such as sensors, actuators, plants, and so on, with controllers located in remote locations, either centralized or decentralized, via a communication channel. The variety of platforms makes it difficult to integrate all of these components; nevertheless, the usage of the IoT effectively offers communication across several devices and platforms. However, the drive joints of the traditional hydraulic actuator arm mostly take the form of a combination of a motor and a reducer, resulting in a very small load-to-weight ratio and the power-to-volume ratio of the traditional hydraulic actuator arm. In addition, the load-bearing ratio is one of the important indicators to measure the performance of industrial robots. In response to this problem, this paper studies the combined advantages of hydraulic transmission, a six-degree-of-freedom hydraulic actuator based on a vane-type hydraulic swing cylinder as a joint. According to the performance requirements of the butterfly valve, the hydraulic actuator components, such as hydraulic cylinders, AC servo motors, and hydraulic pumps, have been selected and designed. Furthermore, the calculation and construction of hydraulic pipelines and integrated valve blocks have been accomplished, as has the selection summary of various actuator components. Considering joint flexibility, this research work carries out trajectory planning in joint space, during which it resolves the optimal value of each joint angle under the condition of joint flexibility and obtains a smoother joint motion parameter curve by relying on the layered structure of the IoT framework. The simulation results show that this method can ensure that the acceleration at the start and end time is 0, and it can avoid the vibration of the hydraulic actuator arm at the start and stop.
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Zhang, Jun, Qinghua Liu, Yun Chen, Jiguo Wang, Jinpu Feng, Qingliang Meng, Wei Cao, Wei Tu, and Xiaohui Gao. "Intelligent Control Strategy of Electrohydraulic Drive System for Raising Boring Power Head." Scientific Programming 2022 (July 15, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9336561.
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The power head is the key part of the rock breaking work of the raise boring machine. Because the power head cannot adjust speed in time with the change in complex rock stratum, it leads to high failure rate, low work efficiency, and even accidents, so it is urgent to improve the controllability of the power head. In this paper, the electrohydraulic coupling mathematical model of the power head is established using the characteristic equations of dynamics and hydraulic components, and the control strategy of the fractional electrohydraulic drive system of the power head is proposed; genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) are used to adjust the parameters of FOPID, so as to improve the control effect of electrohydraulic system. The results show that the step response of WOA-FOPID control strategy is also better than that of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). It can reach a stable state in 0.02 seconds, and the overshoot is only 0.12137%. The test verifies the correctness of the adaptive control and simulation results of the power head, which can effectively improve the adaptability of the power head to complex coal seams.
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Zhang, Hua. "PID Controller of Sprayer Chassis by Sliding Mode." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5713160.
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In order to solve the straight line drive coordinated control problem of the four-wheel independent drive sprayer chassis, the dynamic model of sprayer chassis and electromagnetic proportional valve controlled hydraulic motor model are established. The additional yaw moment is designed to rectify the deviation with sliding mode variable structure control. PID control strategy is used to calculate the control voltage adjustment of the electromagnetic proportional valve. The simulation results show that the accumulative deviation of the chassis is 0.2 m out of 100 m when the coordinated control strategy is adopted on different adhesive coefficient pavement, which is much smaller than the value without control. The test results of test prototype show that the yaw acceleration of the chassis can be as low as −0.0132 m/s2 on different adhesive coefficient pavement with coordinated control, which is smaller than the value without control, and the straight line drive requirements are met. It is feasible to combine sliding mode variable structure with PID control and use the electromagnetic proportional control technology in the straight line drive coordinated control of sprayer chassis by adding the yaw moment to rectify the deviation of chassis based on the yaw acceleration detection.
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Paramonov, Aleksey, Safarbek Oshurbekov, Vadim Kazakbaev, Vladimir Prakht, and Vladimir Dmitrievskii. "Study of the Effect of Throttling on the Success of Starting a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Motor Driving a Centrifugal Fan." Mathematics 10, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 4324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10224324.
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Direct-on-line synchronous motors are a good alternative to induction motors in fluid machinery drives due to their greater energy efficiency but have the significant disadvantage of limiting the maximum moment of inertia of the loading mechanism to ensure their successful and reliable start-up. This disadvantage is critical in centrifugal fans with a massive steel impeller. In this article, using a mathematical model, the dynamics of starting and synchronizing a permanent magnet synchronous motor fed directly from the mains as part of a fan drive are studied. The simulation results show the possibility of increasing the maximum moment of inertia of the load at the successful start-up of a direct-on-line synchronous motor by adjusting the hydraulic part of the fan pipeline by means of throttling. The conclusions of this paper can be used when selecting an electric motor to drive industrial fans and can contribute to wider use of energy-efficient synchronous motors with direct start-up from the mains.
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Han, Jiangyi, Fan Wang, and Yuhang Wang. "A Control Method for the Differential Steering of Tracked Vehicles Driven Independently by a Dual Hydraulic Motor." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 6355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136355.
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It is well known that tracked vehicles can adapt well to all kinds of terrain. However, the safety of tracked vehicles should be considered during steering on sloped terrain. This paper focuses on the differential steering control of tracked vehicles independently driven by a hydraulic motor. Firstly, the dynamic model of hydrostatic drive system was built and the kinematics and dynamics of differential steering driving were analyzed theoretically. Secondly, in order to prevent rollover of the tracked vehicle, the method of vehicle speed constraint was proposed. The constraint conditions of vehicle speed and steering angular velocity were analyzed under different slope conditions. Thirdly, based on the analysis results, differential steering control rules for tracked vehicles were formulated. To verify the effectiveness of the control rules, the models of vehicle driving dynamics and Fuzzy PID control simulation were established in MATLAB/Simulink. Longitudinal steering simulation was carried out on a slope (0°, 30°), and an analysis of the simulation of lateral steering along the contour line was carried out. The simulation results showed that this steering control strategy was able to automatically adjust the target vehicle speed to avoid rollover while the driver was inputting steering signals.
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Wang, Junyi, Tiezhu Zhang, Hongxin Zhang, Jian Yang, Zhen Zhang, and Zewen Meng. "Research on Braking Efficiency of Master-Slave Electro-Hydraulic Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Electronics 11, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121918.
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To address the problems of short-rangee and poor braking safety of electric vehicles, this paper proposes a master-slave electro-hydraulic hybrid passenger car drive system based on planetary gear. The system couples the electrical energy output from the electric motor with the hydraulic energy output from the electro-hydraulic pump/motor through the planetary gear. The hydraulic system is used as the auxiliary power source of the power system giving full play to the advantages of the hydraulic system and the electric system. After theoretical analysis, this paper establishes a master-slave electro-hydraulic hybrid electric vehicle (MSEHH-EV) model based on planetary gear in AMESim software. A braking energy recovery control strategy is designed with the maximum braking energy recovery efficiency as the target. Braking strength determines the switching of braking modes. Finally, comparing the certified pure electric vehicle (EV) model in AMESim, we are able to substantiate the superiority of the strategy proposed in this paper. The simulation results revealed that the battery consumption rate of the new power vehicle is reduced by 17.766%, 11.358%, and 9.427% under UDDS, NEDC, and WLTC conditions, respectively, which supports the range. At the same time, the braking distance is significantly shortened, and the maximum braking distance is shortened by 15.65 m, 21.97 m, and 21.45 m, respectively, under the three operating conditions, which improves the braking safety.
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Ramakrishnan, R., Somashekhar S. Hiremath, and M. Singaperumal. "Dynamic Analysis and Design Optimization of Series Hydraulic Hybrid System through Power Bond Graph Approach." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2014 (April 1, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/972049.
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The availability of natural gas and crude oil resources has been declining over the years. In automobile sector, the consumption of crude oil is 63% of total crude oil production in the world. Hence, automobile industries are placing more emphasis on energy efficient hydraulic hybrid systems, which can replace their conventional transmission systems. Series hydraulic hybrid system (SHHS) is a multidomain mechatronics system with two distinct power sources that includes prime mover and hydropneumatic accumulator. It replaces the conventional transmission system to drive the vehicle. The sizing of the subsystems in SHHS plays a major role in improving the energy efficiency of the vehicle. In this paper, a power bond graph approach is used to model the dynamics of the SHHS. The obtained simulation results indicate the energy flow during various modes of operations. It also includes the dynamic response of hydropneumatic accumulator, prime mover, and system output speed. Further, design optimization of the system is carried out to optimize the process parameters for maximizing the system energy efficiency. This leads to increase in fuel economy and environmentally friendly vehicle.
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Umnitsyn, A. A., and S. V. Bakhmutov. "Evaluation of compliance with the current standards requirements regarding the anti-lock braking system effectiveness of an electric vehicle with mixed braking support." Trudy NAMI, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-2-51-59.
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Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). In accordance to the current standards the requirements were assessed: for the braking process efficiency of M1vehicles category using an antilock braking system (ABS) and the combined possibility control of two actuators - electric machines installed in the vehicle driving wheels as well as the electro-hydraulic modulation pressure unit in the hydraulic circuit of the working brake cylinders.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly developed ABS algorithm in accordance with current standards and additional requirements.Methodology and research methods. The braking process computer simulation of a M1 vehicle category equipped with four electric motors and an electro-hydraulic braking system was carried out. As a result of calculations, the obtained braking parameters were to be compared and evaluate according to the requirements of UN Regulation No. 13H, as well as evaluate the braking efficiency parameters.Scientific novelty and results. The effectiveness of the developed control algorithm for the ABS actuators (electro-hydraulic unit and electric machines in the drive wheels) has been proven in terms of meeting the requirements of UN Regulation No. 13H. Studies showed an efficiency improvement of the ABS operating due to the proposed algorithm, when compared to foreign-produced analogues.The practical significance of the work is the proof of the developed algorithm efficiency for M1 electric vehicles category.
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Abeysiriwardhana, W. A. Shanaka P., and A. M. Harsha S. Abeykoon. "Brake by wire control with pedal feedback and brake boost." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 3042–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i6.3186.
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"By wire" technology merged into multiple vehicular subsystems, including gear changing, drive, and braking systems. The brake by wire system is developed to overcome the problems associated with the integration of mechanical and hydraulic systems in novel vehicular systems. Even though brake by wire systems has potential advantages, the conventional brake systems' tactile sensation will be removed if migrated to the electrical by wire control scheme. This paper proposes a novel control mechanism that provides amplification of force, scaling of position replication, and a virtual spring-damper based pedal retraction which provides bilateral brake force feedback to the driver's pedal similar to the hydraulic brake system. The proposed system performance was simulated and tested using a bilateral teleoperation system with disturbance observers (DOB) and reaction force observers (RFOB). The proposed system provides pedal force amplification and brake force feedback to the driver's pedal using RFOBs. The virtual spring retracts the brake pedal, similar to a mechanical pedal retraction system. The system simulation and experimental results provide evidence of the proposed system's force amplification, position scaling, and pedal reaction capabilities.
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Zhao, Fei, Fanyu Kong, Yisong Zhou, Bin Xia, and Yuxing Bai. "Optimization Design of the Impeller Based on Orthogonal Test in an Ultra-Low Specific Speed Magnetic Drive Pump." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 4767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244767.
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To improve the hydraulic performance in an ultra-low specific speed magnetic drive pump, optimized design of impeller based on orthogonal test was carried out. Blades number Z, bias angle in peripheral direction of splitter blades θs, inlet diameter of splitter blades Dsi, and deflection angle of splitter blades α were selected as the main factors in orthogonal test. The credibility of the numerical simulation was verified by prototype experiments. Two optimized impellers were designed through the analysis of orthogonal test data. The internal flow field, pressure fluctuation, and radial force were analyzed and compared between optimized impellers and original impeller. The results reveal that impeller 7 (Z = 5, θs = 0.4θ, Dsi = 0.75D2, α = 0°) could increase the head and efficiency, compared to the original impeller, by 2.68% and 4.82%, respectively. Impeller 10 (Z = 5, θs = 0.4θ, Dsi = 0.55D2, α = 0°) reduced the head by 0.33% and increased the efficiency by 8.24%. At design flow rate condition, the internal flow of impeller 10 was the most stable. Peak-to-peak values of pressure fluctuation at the volute tongues of impeller 7 and impeller 10 were smaller than those of the original impeller at different flow rate conditions (0.6 Qd, 1.0 Qd and 1.5 Qd). Radial force distribution of impeller 10 was the most uniform, and the radial force variance of impeller 10 was the smallest.
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Hall, L. C., and P. J. Moss. "The Use of Viscous Couplings to Alleviate Transmission Wind-Up in Military Vehicles When Driven On-Road." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 203, no. 2 (April 1989): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_157_02.
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Many of the high-mobility wheeled vehicles used by the British Army employ permanent all-wheel drive transmission systems with just one transverse differential. Since all the wheels on each side of the vehicle rotate at the same angular velocity severe transmission wind-up can be developed on roads. The possibility of using viscous couplings to alleviate this problem has been investigated by computer simulation backed up by practical trials on a 4 × 4 armoured reconnaissance vehicle. The results suggest that with a suitable choice of coupling characteristic this solution can dramatically reduce the wind-up torque during low-speed manoeuvres with no significant effect on off-road mobility or handling on roads. It can reduce the wind-up caused by non-uniform tyre wear but not to the extent anticipated. To safeguard handling stability under heavy braking there may be a need to bias the brake effort distribution to the front.
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Jasiński, Ryszard. "Analysis of the Heating Process of Hydraulic Motors during Start-Up in Thermal Shock Conditions." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010055.
Full textAbstract:
Conditions that prevail during harsh winters and hot summers pose a serious challenge for machine designers building devices suitable for operation in extreme weather. It is essential for the designers and the users to define the principles and conditions for the safe operation of machines and devices with hydraulic drive in low ambient temperatures. Bearing in mind the above, the author tested the hydraulic motors in thermal shock conditions (cold motors were fed with a hot working medium). This enterprise required the design and construction of a specialized stand for testing hydraulic motors, including satellite motors, in thermal shock conditions. The stand was equipped with the apparatus and a system for measuring the temperature of the moving parts of the satellite motor. The experimental tests were conducted in the laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology at Gdańsk University of Technology. The paper presents the results of tests of a correctly and incorrectly operating satellite motor during start-up in thermal shock conditions. The results concerned the course of oil temperatures, temperatures of heated elements, oil pressures, and the pressure drop in the motor. The influence of the oil pressure drop in the motor on its temperature increase was determined. The distributions of the temperature fields of the heated elements of the satellite motor during start-up in thermal shock conditions were derived by means of computer simulation. The utilization of the distribution of the temperature fields of the motor elements enables the evaluation and analysis of the work of this unit. The conducted tests may determine the conditions for the proper operation of hydraulic motors started in thermal shock conditions.
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Ren, Haoling, Shiyi Wu, Tianliang Lin, Yonghua Zhang, Cheng Miao, and Zhongshen Li. "Energy Saving Characteristics of a Winch System Driven by a Four-Quadrant Hydraulic Pump." Machines 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10121126.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, an integrated system of winch driving and potential energy recovery using a four-quadrant pump was proposed, aimed at the large amount of recoverable gravitational potential energy in a winch system. The proposed system changed the original open system into a closed-structure part, using a four-quadrant pump to drive the winch, and an open-structure part, using an open hydraulic pump to balance torque. The closed-structure and open-structure parts were coaxial, and connected with the engine through the transfer case, which was able to make full use of the four-quadrant pump characteristics. It was able to achieve flow regeneration when the weight was lowered, and to achieve direct use of gravitational potential energy. The AMESim model of the original and proposed systems was further established according to a working characteristics analysis of the energy consumption of the winch-driving system. The simulation results verified that the proposed system kept good controllability while recovering potential energy. An experimental prototype was built; the test results showed that, compared with the original winch system, the proposed system increased lifting speed and reduced fuel consumption significantly. Additionally, diesel consumption was reduced by 87% in the descending process.
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Bangzhen Huang, Bangzhen Huang, Yani Cui Bangzhen Huang, Jia Ren Yani Cui, and Jiafu Yi Jia Ren. "Miniature Detection Buoy Based on Fuzzy Adaptive PID Algorithm." 電腦學刊 33, no. 6 (December 2022): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992022123306010.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The ocean buoy is an important technical means to obtain ocean environmental parameters as a newly developed detection technology. Traditional ocean buoys use hydraulic devices to change the volume of the oil bladder to achieve fixed-depth control, with slow response speed and long detection cycle. Therefore, it can only be applied to deep-sea environment and lacks the ability of rapid and fine detection in shallow waters (<200m). Considering the above problems, the paper designs a miniature detection buoy, which adopts an innovative inner and outer sleeves design. The miniature detection buoy uses a geared motor to drive the internal screw rotation to quickly stretch and shrink the volume of the shell to achieve the functions of floating, diving and fixed-depth. Moreover, the control performance research is carried out by establishing the dynamics model of the miniature detection buoy. According to the model, the fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm is used to accurately control the speed and steering of the geared motor. The simulation results show that the buoy system with the fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm has better fixed-depth accuracy and response speed than the classic PID control algorithm.</p> <p> </p>
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Skorek, Grzegorz. "Measuring Instruments Used at the Research and Accuracy of Defining the Efficiency of Drive Systems." Journal of KONES 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0041.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of the article is to look at the possibility of accurately determining the energy efficiency of drive systems thanks to the use of high quality sensors and measuring instruments. The types of measuring instruments used on the test stand are presented. The results of experimentally determined efficiencies and simulationally determined efficiencies of two hydrostatic systems with throttling control were compared, which are fed with a constant capacity pump. The choice of the analysed systems is not accidental. There is still a view in the literature about limited possibilities of energy systems with proportional control. The research stand was very carefully designed and made. The applied measuring instruments were characterized by high accuracy of measurements. The issues related to the determination of energy losses and energy efficiency of the engine or drive system, which should be determined as dependent on the physical quantities independent of these losses, were also discussed. For laboratory verification, measurement methods were developed, the test stand was adapted and automated. It consists of tested system and loaded system. The measurements during the tests were saved on the computer disk. In order to be able to compare the efficiency of the overall system with the efficiency obtained on the basis of the simulation, coefficients ki determining the energy losses of individual elements of the system were calculated. The research showed a large convergence of the mathematical description of energy losses in the elements of the system and the efficiency of the system with reality. The mathematical model enables accurate simulation determination of the energy efficiency of the system at each point of its field of operation, i.e. at each speed and load of the controlled hydraulic motor. The range of motor speed and load variation can also be accurately determined simulationally.