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Journal articles on the topic 'Military advice'
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Freedman, Lawrence. "On Military Advice." RUSI Journal 162, no. 3 (May 4, 2017): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2017.1345117.
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Zimmerman, P. "MILITARY RESEARCH: An Elite Source of Advice." Science 314, no. 5806 (December 15, 2006): 1685b—1686b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1132057.
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LEPKOWSKI, WIL. "Science Advice to the President On Military Security." Chemical & Engineering News 70, no. 47 (November 23, 1992): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n047.p025.
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Hausman, Ken. "Military Looks to Psychologists For Advice on Interrogations." Psychiatric News 41, no. 13 (July 7, 2006): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.41.13.0004.
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Golby, James, and Mara Karlin. "Why “Best Military Advice” is Bad for the Military—and Worse for Civilians." Orbis 62, no. 1 (2018): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2017.11.010.
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LUBAN, DAVID. "Military Necessity and the Cultures of Military Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 26, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 315–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215651300006x.
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AbstractMilitary and humanitarian lawyers approach the laws of war in different ways. For military lawyers, the starting point is military necessity, and the reigning assumption is that legal regulation of war must accommodate military necessity. For humanitarian lawyers, the starting point is human dignity and human rights. The result is two interpretive communities that systematically disagree not only over the meaning of particular law-of-war norms, but also over the sources and methods of law that could be used to resolve the disagreements. That raises the question whether military lawyers’ advice should acknowledge any validity to the contrary views of the ‘humanitarian’ community. The article offers a systematic analysis of the concept of military necessity, showing that civilian interests must figure in assessing military necessity itself. Even on its own terms, the military version of the law of war should seek to accommodate the civilian perspectives featured in the humanitarian version.
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McAninch, Kelly G., Erin C. Wehrman, and Bryan Abendschein. "Identifying Sequences of Advice-Giving in Online Military Discussion Forums." Communication Quarterly 66, no. 5 (May 29, 2018): 557–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2018.1473456.
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Greco, Anthony J., and Ramey L. Wilson. "Best Medical Advice: Providing Medical Leadership in Uncertain Times." Military Medicine 186, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2021): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usab133.
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ABSTRACT Military physicians must often balance medical and operational priorities when providing advice to operational commanders. This case describes how a Navy Medical Corps Officer serving with a Marine Corps helicopter squadron during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic helped manage risk.
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Cornes, Katherine R., M. Boardman, C. Ford, and S. Smith. "Adopting a multidisciplinary approach to maximising performance during military visual search tasks." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 165, no. 2 (November 9, 2018): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-001051.
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During the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, many UK military personnel were killed or injured by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Insurgents sought to develop new ways of concealing and detonating IEDs, and UK forces invested significantly in finding increasingly effective methods of detecting and avoiding them. Between 2010 and 2014 the UK’s Defence Science and Technology Laboratory’s Human and Social Sciences Group (HSSG) was asked to investigate the factors that might affect the performance of specialist search teams in the identification of IEDs. They sought to ascertain ways to improve effectiveness and maximise safety through training, human factors advice on equipment design, and recommendations on changes to tactics techniques and procedures. This paper provides a short summary of some of the research conducted that underpinned the advice and recommendations that were provided. The research conducted by HSSG, in collaboration with industry and academia, helped ensure that search teams had the best possible training, advice and equipment.
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Stucky, Christopher H., Marla J. De Jong, and Felichism W. Kabo. "Military Surgical Team Communication: Implications for Safety." Military Medicine 185, no. 3-4 (October 28, 2019): e448-e456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz330.
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Abstract Introduction Medical error is the third leading cause of death in the United States, contributing to suboptimal care, serious patient injury, and mortality among beneficiaries in the Military Health System. Recent media reports have scrutinized the safety and quality of military healthcare, including surgical complications, infection rates, clinician competence, and a reluctance of leaders to investigate operational processes. Military leaders have aggressively committed to a continuous cycle of process improvement and a culture of safety with the goal to transform the Military Health System into a high-reliability organization. The cornerstone of patient safety is effective clinician communication. Military surgical teams are particularly susceptible to communication error because of potential barriers created by military rank, clinical specialty, and military culture. With an operations tempo requiring the military to continually deploy small, agile surgical teams, effective interpersonal communication among these team members is vital to providing life-saving care on the battlefield. Methods The purpose of our exploratory, prospective, cross-sectional study was to examine the association between social distance and interpersonal communication in a military surgical setting. Using social network analysis to map the relationships and structure of interpersonal relations, we developed six networks (interaction frequency, close working relationship, socialization, advice-seeking, advice-giving, and speaking-up/voice) and two models that represented communication effectiveness ratings for each participant. We used the geodesic or network distance as a predictor of team member network position and assessed the relationship of distance to pairwise communication effectiveness with permutation-based quadratic assignment procedures. We hypothesized that the shorter the network geodesic distance between two individuals, the smaller the difference between their communication effectiveness. Results We administered a network survey to 50 surgical teams comprised of 45 multidisciplinary clinicians with 522 dyadic relationships. There were significant and positive correlations between differences in communication effectiveness and geodesic distances across all five networks for both general (r = 0.819–0.894, P < 0.001 for all correlations) and task-specific (r = 0.729–0.834, P < 0.001 for all correlations) communication. This suggests that a closer network ties between individuals is associated with smaller differences in communication effectiveness. In the quadratic assignment procedures regression model, geodesic distance predicted task-specific communication (β = 0.056–0.163, P < 0.001 for all networks). Interaction frequency, socialization, and advice-giving had the largest effect on task-specific communication difference. We did not uncover authority gradients that affect speaking-up patterns among surgical clinicians. Conclusions The findings have important implications for safety and quality. Stronger connections in the interaction frequency, close working relationship, socialization, and advice networks were associated with smaller differences in communication effectiveness. The ability of team members to communicate clinical information effectively is essential to building a culture of safety and is vital to progress towards high-reliability. The military faces distinct communication challenges because of policies to rotate personnel, the presence of a clear rank structure, and antifraternization regulations. Despite these challenges, overall communication effectiveness in military teams will likely improve by maintaining team consistency, fostering team cohesion, and allowing for frequent interaction both inside and outside of the work environment.
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Edelson, Chris. "Could President Trump Rely on Legal Advice to Order the Offensive Use of Military Force at His Discretion?" PS: Political Science & Politics 50, no. 04 (October 2017): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096517001068.
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ABSTRACT Although the US Constitution permits presidents to order the use of military force without congressional approval only in an emergency context, presidents since Truman—especially after 9/11—have unilaterally ordered the offensive use of military force without congressional approval. Unless Congress asserts its constitutional role, President Donald Trump could continue to draw on this precedent to claim broad discretion to order the use of military force.
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Reid, J., and D. J. Ablett. "Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: an important differential diagnosis to consider in young military personnel presenting with calf claudication." Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 102, no. 2 (December 2016): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-102-95.
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AbstractPopliteal artery entrapment syndrome is a rare but important condition, which all military health practitioners should be aware of. It should be considered in all young military personnel presenting with symptoms of calf claudication.This article explains the condition, its classification and the key examination findings, allowing differentiation from other diagnoses, as well as advice on management, definitive treatment and prognosis.
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Jones, Craig A. "Frames of law: targeting advice and operational law in the Israeli military." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 33, no. 4 (August 2015): 676–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775815598103.
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Parker, Robert. "SEEKING ADVICE FROM ZEUS AT DODONA." Greece and Rome 63, no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001738351500025x.
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The consultation of fixed oracles was a central and well-documented feature of ancient Greek life; Greece ought therefore to be able to contribute important evidence to anyone interested in the function of divination in different cultures. But, although no oracle is more famous than that of Apollo at Delphi, so many central questions about its operations are unanswerable that it provides a very shaky basis for comparison. A few points are secure: not only individuals but also states put enquiries to the oracle; and public enquiries related to matters of religious practice and cult, but also on occasion to colonizing projects, alliances, or declarations of war. Beyond these generalities, however, almost everything is contestable. Even the statement just made about public enquiries requires some hedging. On matters of cult they certainly never ceased: in a religion without revelation and specialized religious institutions, the direct access to divine will supposedly provided by the oracle was indispensable to authorize change, or to suggest ritual remedies in a time of crisis such as plague. But the extent to which public enquiries on military and political matters continued to be made after the fifth century is very uncertain.
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Knobloch, Leanne K., Erin D. Basinger, Erin C. Wehrman, Aaron T. Ebata, and Patricia C. McGlaughlin. "Communication of Military Couples During Deployment and Reunion: Changes, Challenges, Benefits, and Advice." Journal of Family Communication 16, no. 2 (February 4, 2016): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2016.1146723.
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Feaver, Peter D. "Resign in Protest? A Cure Worse Than Most Diseases." Armed Forces & Society 43, no. 1 (August 19, 2016): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x16657321.
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Advocates of cultivating a resignation-in-protest ethic understate the costs and exaggerate the benefits. Military officers who believe that the policymaking process is heading in a bad direction already have ample recourse in the form of advising within the chain of command. If their advice is not heeded, it is exceedingly unlikely that the country would be better served by senior officers provoking a civil–military crisis to advertise their policy differences with civilian leaders.
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van Els, Paul, and Frank Witkam. "Schoolyard Soldiers: The Art of Adapting the Art of War." Journal of Chinese Military History 8, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341346.
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Abstract The Art of War (or Sun Tzu) abounds with practical strategic and tactical advice which, while intended for use in warfare, can be applied to almost any professional or personal crisis or conflict. In recent decades this ancient Chinese military classic has been adapted for a variety of non-military purposes in fields as diverse as trade, law, sports, and love. Intrigued by the text’s seemingly limitless applicability, this article analyzes when, where, why, and how present-day adapters applied the ancient military text to modern non-military issues. The article also reflects on the value of Art of War adaptations, especially vis-à-vis translations, as it highlights the diverse ways in which an age-old Chinese text is made relevant to modern readers worldwide.
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Fernando, Sumadhya D., Dewanee Ranaweera, Methnie S. Weerasena, Rahuman Booso, Thamara Wickramasekara, Chirath P. Madurapperuma, Manjula Danansuriya, Chaturaka Rodrigo, and Hemantha Herath. "Success of malaria chemoprophylaxis for outbound civil and military travellers in prevention of reintroduction of malaria in Sri Lanka." International Health 12, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz094.
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Abstract Background Sri Lanka was certified as malaria-free in September 2016. However, the continuous presence of the malaria vector poses serious risks of reintroduction of the disease. Chemoprophylaxis and advice on malaria preventive behaviour for international travellers is a key strategy adopted to reduce the risk of imported malaria. Methods We conducted an efficiency study of malaria chemoprophylaxis for civilian and military travellers who requested travel advice from the Anti Malaria Campaign (AMC) prior to departure. The AMC is the only agency that can issue malaria chemoprophylaxis to travellers and hence this sample is representative of all such individuals seeking travel advice in Sri Lanka. Results A total of 544 (400 civilians and 144 military) travellers were interviewed prior to departure and after return. The majority travelled to African destinations (516/544 [94.8%]) and were prescribed mefloquine (517/544 [95%]). Chemoprophylaxis was well tolerated and discontinuation due to adverse events was minimal. Regular chemoprophylaxis was reported by 505 (92.8%) participants while overseas. The protective efficacy of chemoprophylaxis was 100% among those who complied with the full course. Conclusions The compliance with chemoprophylaxis and its protective efficacy were satisfactory in this study. It is an effective tool in preventing imported malaria to post-elimination Sri Lanka.
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Fosher, Kerry B. "Field Report: Implementing a Social Science Capability in a Marine Corps Organization." Journal of Business Anthropology 7, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/jba.v7i1.5495.
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In 2010 the Marine Corps started a small, experimental capability, the Translational Research Group (TRG), to help the organization more effectively integrate social science and scientists into decision-making. In contrast to other recent military social science programs, TRG focuses inward, on Marines and Marine Corps organizations. The group houses fieldwork-focused social scientists within a military organization so they can understand the problem-framing context and implementation processes, but provides significantly greater academic freedom and protection from over-tasking than is the norm in military research settings. Researchers conduct independently designed projects, support curriculum development, and provide social science advice to a broad scope of military organizations. Although leadership support for the group has been strong, there have been significant impediments to fully institutionalizing the capability. This field report provides an outline of the background and design of the group and examines some of the key challenges encountered during implementation.
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Cameron, Paul, Kirk Cameron, and Kay Proctor. "Homosexuals in the Armed Forces." Psychological Reports 62, no. 1 (February 1988): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.1.211.
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To assess possible morale and recruiting problems that might be associated with changing the military policy against admitting or retaining homosexual practitioners, a national systematic area-cluster sample of 4,340 adults and a Dallas sample of 842 were given a questionnaire concerning (1) feelings about nudity before homosexuals and heterosexuals, (2) military service and kind of discharge, (3) sharing communal facilities with homosexuals, (4) having a homosexual commanding officer, (5) having to depend upon a homosexual while under attack, (6) whether a change in policy would affect advice regarding joining the military, and (7) their opinion of current military policy. Consistent with other studies on the issue, 31% of homosexual versus 4% of heterosexual men reported less than honorable discharges. About three-quarters of the sample reported that, when disrobed, they were averse to being seen by homosexuals. About two-thirds of the men who had served, a majority of men who had not served, about a third of the women, and a minority of homosexuals felt that homosexuals should be excluded from or discharged from the military.
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Budzanowska-Weglenda, Dominika. "Cato the Elder on Human and Animal Diseases and Medicines for Them – According to the Treatise on "Agriculture"." Classica Cracoviensia 21 (July 2, 2019): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cc.21.2018.21.02.
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Cato the Elder was a great speaker, respected politician, military commander and writer. His treatise De agri cultura (On Agriculture) contains not only numerous passages on farm management, but also cooking recipes, religious principles, advice on how to obtain supplies, and very specific medical advice and medicinal recipes. Cato heals many different diseases of humans and quadrupeds (especially oxen). He knows how these medicines, various types of wines and cabbage dishes, should be concocted. His recipes are detailed and appear to indicate that the author knows them well. Cato does not neglect the religious and magical elements in his medical advice. Therefore, his treatise is an interesting source of Roman spells. First of all Cato’s manual on agriculture is a significant testimony of Roman medicinal and veterinary knowledge of the time, but also of the importance of these issues for the elite of the Roman Republic.
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Iordache, Mihai. "Air Mission Commander. Command and Control." Land Forces Academy Review 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2020-0002.
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AbstractIn the fight management, the military commander, who is assimilated to a leader has, most of the time, the most important role. Today, in addition to the traditional missions to defend the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the state, the military forces also carry out missions according to the obligations assumed by NATO or EU membership: peacekeeping, peace enforcement, humanitarianism, post conflict reconstruction, terrorism, security and collective defense. These missions require the adoption of modern forms and methods of leadership, especially as they are largely executed outside the national territory, which provokes new cultural expectations and demands, involves ethical issues and legal advice whose value is not fully known.
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Fazekas, Ferenc. "The Evolution of Military Staffs and the Possible Effects of Artificial Intelligence." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 27, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2021-0006.
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Abstract The military staffs are vital parts of military organizations dealing with the numerous details required for the successful conduct of either the peace-time daily routine tasks or the war-time missions. In NATO’s view the staffs are the bodies of specialists whose main task is to provide advice for the commanders on problems at hand as well as to materialize a bold plan acting upon the commanders’ intent and guidance. Staffs capable of meeting these requirements do not have a long history, although different kind of advisory bodies of selected personnel were accompanied the military leaders throughout the history. The military staff of today can be considered as a step on the evolutionary ladder of staffs, on which the emerging technologies will reveal new steps to be taken. One of the most important technology that will affect, or revolutionize even, the internal work processes and the constitution of a military staff is the artificial intelligence. This paper describes the technological and social changes that led to the emergence of the current NATO staff organization and gives some hints about the possible future effects of artificial intelligence on the staff system.
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Gomes, Herick Wendell Antônio José, Roberto Magno Reis Netto, Clay Anderson Nunes Chagas, and Wando Dias Miranda. "Public safety intelligence activity: Advice in the fight against criminal organizations." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (July 28, 2021): e36510918285. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18285.
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The present work, as a research involving the intelligence activity in Public Security, the present work aimed, through a historical rescue, which dates back to the emergence of a criminal organization in the state of Pará - Brazil, to verify how the intelligence activity it is capable of advising the decision-making process of public security institutions, in order to generate a balance of forces favorable to the latter, in the fight against crime. It started from the hypothesis that the intelligence agencies would show themselves capable of gathering privileged information, according to legality and efficiency criteria, able to subsidize the decision-making process. Using an inductive method and a qualitative documentary analysis, it was identified that, in addition to subsidizing managers with appropriate knowledge, the agencies were responsible for the frustration of measures of direct confrontation with the State, preventing damage to public coffers, as well as unjust attacks on civil and military civil servants and the Pará society itself.
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BRYANT, BRIAN. "Consultants with Military Background." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2017082. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000082.
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The smallest of the nation's uniformed armed services, the United States Coast Guard's basic missions relate to maritime safety, mobility, and security; national defense, and natural resources protection. It is responsible for enforcement of maritime laws and marine environmental pollution response. The Coast Guard offers many career opportunities for enlisted personnel, including Marine Science Technician (MST). MSTs conduct marine-safety activities such as investigating pollution incidents and monitoring pollution clean-ups. Possible scientific duties include responding to oil and hazardous-materials spills, observing and forecasting weather. An increasing number of civilian employers are becoming more aware of the unique strengths former military personnel can bring with them to a consultant position. A consultant is someone who has expertise in a specific area or areas and offers unbiased opinions and advice for a fee. There are many reasons why the private and public sector need consultants for problem solving. One very important reason; Government regulatory compliance. Government regulations at all levels are constantly changing, and companies are frequently not prepared or trained to comply. Consultants may be retained to provide expertise to assist a company in complying economically, efficiently, and with the least amount of trauma to the organization. They can also be hired to provide in-house training to keep staff informed of new management and supervisory techniques or technical knowledge and to improve employee safety. Successful consultants often possess certain attributes. They can be identified with good physical and mental health, professional etiquette and courtesy, stability of behavior and self-confident. In addition to these skills, here are two military-related attributes that most companies find attractive and will help any organization simplify the task at hand. Loyalty to the Team. Military personnel bring with them an intrinsic understanding of how loyalty adds to team proficiency and builds trust in a work environment. For business leaders looking to make an improvement in their company, military personnel often outperform other candidates as proven team players, as demonstrated by hard work, motivation, and dedication. Reliable Work Ethic. Knowing the importance of adhering to a schedule and consistently performing well at work demonstrates professional maturity. One of the most difficult challenges to hiring professionals is being able to accurately judge candidates in these areas. Through service, training, and lifestyle, former military personnel will typically have the work ethic that any business owner would be thrilled to replicate in all of the organization's employees.
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Lushchenko, Alexey Yu. "Japanese Didactic Gunsho Commentaries in the Edo Period: a Study of the 17th c. Commentary on the Heike Monogatari." Written Monuments of the Orient 6, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/wmo56802.
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The Heike monogatari hyōban hidenshō is an anonymous 17thc. commentary on the medieval Heike monogatari. As a military studies text (gunsho) written for Edo-period warriors, the commentary differs substantially from the Heike monogatari in content and purpose. It consists of didactic essays that critically evaluate passages from the Heike monogatari and also includes fictional stories that expand and reinterpret the content of the Heike monogatari. The commentarys content focuses on topics of governance, strategy, and ethics. In the 17thc., such gunsho commentaries functioned as educational texts with advice and admonition addressed to daimyo lords and warriors in general. As a didactic military studies text, the Heike monogatari hyōban hidenshō reveals a new facet of reception of the Heike monogatari in the Edo period.
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Smith, David L. "‘The More Posed and Wise Advice’: The Fourth Earl of Dorset and the English Civil Wars." Historical Journal 34, no. 4 (December 1991): 797–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00017301.
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‘To me he was always the embodiment of Cavalier romance.’ Thus Vita Sackville-West on her seventeenth-century ancestor, Edward Sackville, fourth earl of Dorset. Such labelling indicates the problems which still bedevil any study of Civil War royalism. Brian Wormald'sClarendonbrilliantly revealed that the men who joined Charles I in 1642 represented a broad range of opinion. Above all, he made us aware of a coherent group of moderate (‘constitutional’) royalists who throughout sought accommodation. There was a palpable difference of strategy between these people, who favoured royal concessions in order to prevent further military initiatives, and others who favoured military initiatives in order to prevent further royal concessions. Within these two basic matrices, there were further subtle inflections of attitude between individuals and within the same individual over time. But many such inflections remain murky. Wormald's lead was never followed through. Charles's supporters have consistently received less attention than those who remained with parliament; and among the royalists, moderates have attracted fewer studies than ‘cavaliers’ and ‘swordsmen’. There is thus an urgent need to clarify different varieties of royalism and especially to bring the constitutional royalists into sharper focus. However, before we can assess their wider aims and impact, we must first identify them; and here the inappropriate labels bestowed on so many of Charles's supporters create real problems. Anne Sumner has recently ‘de-mythologized’ John Digby, first earl of Bristol, revealing him as more complex and less intemperate than the ‘hawk’ of legend.
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Filipiak, Kai. "“Saving Lives”—Lü Kun’s Manual on City Defense." Journal of Chinese Military History 1, no. 2 (2012): 139–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341240.
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AbstractThe subject of this article is theBook on Saving Lives(Jiuming shu) written by the late Ming scholar-official Lü Kun. The book enjoyed great popularity during the Ming and Qing dynasties and offers practical advice for those who were in charge of city defense. Lü wrote this text in anticipation of imminent social crises. His prime motivation was to save the lives of his fellow countrymen when “bandits” attacked the county seat. The book, which is a survival manual rather than a handbook for magistrates, was written for military non-professionals who would lead the civilian population to defend the county. On the other hand, the text is of a military nature and refers to the military function of Chinese towns.The majority of the book deals with military preparedness. Although the book also discusses various aspects of city defense such as weapons, tactics, fortification, training, and military law, Lü himself lacked combat experience. In this respect, the book illustrates a dilemma: The defense of small cities lay beyond the scope of the central government. This placed the responsible officials in a difficult and contradictory situation. The magistrate, for example, was not prepared for the job. He lacked military experience but had to lead the local population into war. Despite his power, he depended on the cooperation of the people, including the assistance of rich families and the support of armed villagers skilled in martial arts. In this way, Lü Kun’s treatise illustrates the consequences of earlier political decisions to concentrate the military on the northern border and around the capital.
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Nessa, Meherun, and Mohammed Akhter Hasib Dewan. "Pattern of Pediatric Surgical Admissions in a Combined Military Hospital." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 14, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v14i2.45886.
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Introduction: Pediatric surgical admissions are daily practice at peripheral hospital. To design strategy for appropriate diagnosis and management of pediatric surgical patient reported to combined military hospital (CMH) Bogura, Bangladesh.
Objectives: To find out the pattern of pediatric surgical admission cases and factors affecting their outcomes.
Methods: This case series analysis was conducted from November 2016 to October 2017 at CMH, Bogura. Total 175 patients admitted during this period out of them13 children excluded from study due to parent’s refusal for intervention or discharged against medical advice. In this study total 162 admitted children’s data were analyzed.
Results: The study showed emergency cases were predominating 74.69% and elective cases were less common 25.30%. Mortality recorded exclusively in children admitted on emergency basis 6 children (3.70%). Congenital anomaly of GIT was found the leading causes of death in this study 4 (2.46%) children.
Conclusion: Many emergency and elective pediatric surgical patients can be managed at peripheral Hospital with acceptable outcomes except the neonate.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 109-112
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Radzak, Kara N., Edward J. Sedory, Michael Hooper, and Tricia M. Kasamatsu. "Defining Athletic Training in the Military Setting: A Survey Investigation Into Professional Characteristics, Preparation, and Barriers in Clinical Practice." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-213-19.
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Context The skill sets of athletic trainers (ATs) provide a unique contribution to the US military's optimization of physical readiness, and these positions are becoming more prevalent. However, knowledge regarding the job characteristics of, and ATs' preparation for, employment in a military setting is limited. Objective To assess the position and clinician characteristics of ATs working with military members and document their perceptions of working in the military setting. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Online survey. Patients or Other Participants A total of 53 ATs who currently or formerly worked in the military setting. Data Collection and Analysis A Web-based survey with closed- and open-ended questions was distributed via e-mail and social media. Closed-ended data were analyzed via descriptive statistics, and open-ended questions were evaluated for common themes using thematic analysis. Results Respondents were primarily males (n = 31, 58.5%), had a master's degree (n = 42, 79.2%), and were not current or former service members (n = 46, 86.8%). Positions were primarily full time (n = 50, 94.3%), contracted with an independent company (n = 27, 50.9%), and within the Army (n = 24, 45.3%). The ATs were highly satisfied with their workload and ability to apply their skill set. Qualitative analysis revealed 3 themes: (1) the context of clinical practice in the military (eg, rewarding, job scope, military environment), (2) the importance of clinical and interpersonal skills, and (3) the existence of multiple barriers (eg, hiring, military culture, lack of recognition). Conclusions Overall, ATs working in the military setting were well-qualified practitioners who were very satisfied with their current positions, yet they also reported barriers, such as working within the military culture and lack of recognition of their skill set. Although ATs indicated a neutral belief that professional degree preparation was sufficient for this clinical practice setting, the qualitative themes provided additional career-preparation advice for individuals interested in this setting.
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Aksan, Virginia H. "Ottoman Political Writing, 1768–1808." International Journal of Middle East Studies 25, no. 1 (February 1993): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800058049.
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The Ottomans, after a long period of peace that began in 1740, declared war on Russia in 1768, disputing territory essential to the continued existence of the empire: Moldavia, Wallachia, the Crimea, and Georgia. The war lasted until 1774, during which time the Ottomans proved that they no longer posed a military threat to Europe. The signing of the Küçük Kaynarca treaty of 1774, which granted Tatar independence in the Crimea, was the first instance of an Ottoman cession of a predominantly Muslim territory to a European power, and it provoked an internal crisis and long debate over the future of the empire. The Ottoman administration, especially the scribal bureaucracy, contributed a number of political advice manuals to the debate, which form the core of the following discussion. Four examples have been selected with the purpose of extending the analysis of Ottoman advice literature into the 18th century and testing the assumption of Ottoman inability to accommodate changing political realities.
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Atkinson, Jacqueline M. "The demand for psychiatric services as a result of the Gulf war." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 4 (April 1991): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.4.201.
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Despite the brevity of the Gulf war, there is still the strong possibility that it will leave long-term problems for psychiatric services within the NHS. The low incidence of acute psychiatric problems in the Falklands conflict does not obviate long-term problems. Surgeon-Commander O'Connell of the Royal Navy, reported informally in the newspapers (Guardian, 7 May 1990) that up to 30% of the 28,000 Falklands veterans are still suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hughes (1990), medical officer with 2nd Paratroop Regiment at Goose Green, described his realisation that he had PTSD, his subsequent treatment by the NHS and transfer to a military hospital. The Royal Navy still has a counselling service, set up in 1987, but it is clear that military services cannot deal with all the current problems, let alone those to come. The advice of the Ministry of Defence is that the initial onus to recognise a problem lies with the family and that sufferers should seek treatment through their GP.
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Smith, M. B., and S. White. "Command application of UK military climatic guidance on Exercise SAIF SAREEA 3." BMJ Military Health 166, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001358.
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Health and risk management of personnel in hot climates remains a Commander’s responsibility, with Joint Service Publication 539 Heat Illness and Cold Injury: Prevention and Management (JSP 539) being the guiding document for the UK military. This policy can be challenging to interpret occasionally, needing medical professionals to provide ongoing advice to commanders. This is to achieve a shared understanding of scientific concepts and risks to allow a more informed decision-making by commanders. This then leads to the appropriate mitigation of risks to as low as reasonably practical. Exercise SAIF SAREEA 3 saw commanders and medical cooperation at all levels with a practical and pragmatic application of the principles articulated in joint policy. The elements which saw enhanced cooperation included pathophysiology, work rates and work:rest ratios, rest and sleep periods, uniform, acclimatisation, and hydration and electrolyte balance. This approach was exhibited throughout the planning, deployment and execution of Exercise SAIF SAREEA 3, which saw extremely low levels of heat injury throughout the exercise when compared with SAIF SAREEA 2 and related exercises. This personal view aims to describe the command and medical interaction on SAIF SAREEA 3 which the authors feel contributed to those successes against climatic effects.
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LÜTHI, BARBARA. "Perspectives on Security in Twentieth-Century Europe and the World." Contemporary European History 20, no. 2 (April 8, 2011): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000063.
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Despite the present-day attraction of ‘security’ as an attention-grabbing word in politics and the public sphere, the study of security is a missing chapter in many state-of-the-art surveys of historical literature. Its central relevance for the modern statehood has been obvious for centuries in the European context. In Thomas Hobbes's mid-seventeenth-century Leviathan, written in the context of the devastating English civil war and previous religious wars, government was given the fundamental role in guaranteeing security. Over the course of the twentieth century, intellectuals have constantly debated Hobbes's ideas and concepts about security and societal peace. Especially after the second world war, security has found major attention in the fields of International Relations and its sub-discipline security studies. Security studies evolved during the nuclear age and were originally foremost about the study of the threat, use and control of military force, as one proponent of security studies, Stephen Walt, stated. They were mainly concerned with military strategy and giving policy advice to the military. Since the cold war, the study of security has come a long way. Most importantly, as Emma Rothschild has reminded us, during the past two decades or so, the concept was first extended downwards from states to individuals, upwards from the nation to the biosphere and horizontally from the military to the economic, social, political and environmental. It is the reflection of this dynamic change in theory, methodology and empirical research that connects most of the books under review in this article.
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Darling, Linda T. "Historicizing the Ottoman Timar System: Identities of Timar-Holders, Fourteenth to Seventeenth Centuries." Turkish Historical Review 8, no. 2 (November 7, 2017): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-00802001.
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This article aims to develop a new narrative of changes in the Ottoman timar system independent of the complaints of decline brought by advice writers like Mustafa ‘Ali. Based on the icmal defterleri, it examines the identities of timar-holders and their changes over time, a topic generally ignored in descriptions of the Ottoman military. Using data from earlier studies, it connects changes in timar-holding with changing conditions in the sultans’ reigns. It then takes a longer-term look at these changes over the half-centuries and finds the well-known complaints in the nasihatnameler to be based on a very short-term view of the system.
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Maltz, Masha, and David Shinar. "Human Factors in Cued Target Acquisition." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 21 (July 2000): 3–488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402129.
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Target acquisition in military and industrial settings is often augmented by a cueing system, whereby a computer gives advice that can be accepted or rejected by the human observer. Two human factors issues involved with the use of such cuers are: 1) how to present the cue to the observer, and 2) to what degree will the observer use or rely upon the provided information, particularly in cases where the cuer is not wholly reliable. In this paper, we consider both of these issues. Infrared military-type images that were overlaid with cues to suggest target presence were presented to six groups of observers. The observers were informed that the cues were not always correct. We presented several different cue interfaces to our observers. When questioned, the observers indicated a preference for particular cue types. Overall, the observers' opinions about the cue types were reflected in their acquisition results. Observer performance was higher when cued than when not cued. Although the cues were effective, different cue reliability levels did not influence the results to a large degree.
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Wilson, Steven R., Daniel Kamal, Skylar N. Winter, Elizabeth Dorrance Hall, Patricia E. Gettings, Linda Hughes Kirchubel, and Jill Inderstrodt-Stephens. "Comparing Advice from Military Parents, Partners, and Veterans about How Families Can Encourage Service Members to Seek Behavioral Health care." Journal of Family Communication 19, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2018.1530238.
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Wahyuni, Arlinda Sari, Rozaimah Zain Hamid, Adang Bachtiar, and Nerdy Nerdy. "The Correlation between Adherence and Asthma Patients Quality of Life in Medan, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 2198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.362.
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BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic airway disease that is based on an inflammatory process and a serious health problem around the world. Asthma is often associated with treatment management factor. Adherence is the patient’s compliance towards their doctor's advice, which is accompanied by their understanding and follows the doctors’ advice consistently.
AIM: This study aimed to get a valid and reliable adherence measure in asthma patients especially in Medan.
METHODS: This research used the method of quantitative done by the cross-sectional approach. The sample (200 adult asthma patients) used standard asthma medication, stable asthma patients and did not suffer from severe asthma or other accompanying diseases. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis, which is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis.
RESULTS: The best dimension of medication adherence was the dimension of beliefs in medication 64%. The highest education adherence is at college education level which is 67.6%. Employment status with highest adherence value is medication on civil servant/military/police with the value of 67.7.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between adherence and asthma patient’s quality of life in Medan.
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Sarvarian, Arman. "Humanitarian intervention after Syria." Legal Studies 36, no. 1 (March 2016): 20–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12101.
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This paper examines the legal status of humanitarian intervention in the aftermath of the abortive military operation in Syria. In tracing the history of the doctrine up to the beginning of the Syria crisis, it asserts that the negative reaction to the abortive use of force has reinforced the unlawfulness of humanitarian intervention. In appraising in detail the legal positions of the UK, the USA, France and other states, it analyses the interplay of constitutional law and international law in the Syria crisis with reference to the role of consultations of national parliaments. It asserts that the Syrian precedent illustrates the difficulty of identifying the opinio iuris of a state in which the input of international law through legal advice and public debate affects the output of that state through the expression of its legal position on doctrinal questions. By scrutinising the approach of the British government in consulting the House of Commons in relation to the continuing operations against Islamic State in Iraq, it argues that the National Security Strategy review in 2015 should address the concerns expressed by parliamentary committees regarding consultation of Parliament, the provision of legal advice and the lawfulness of humanitarian intervention.
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Rona, Roberto J., Howard Burdett, Mizanur Khondoker, Melanie Chesnokov, Kevin Green, David Pernet, Norman Jones, Neil Greenberg, Simon Wessely, and Nicola T. Fear. "Post-deployment screening for mental disorders and tailored advice about help-seeking in the UK military: a cluster randomised controlled trial." Lancet 389, no. 10077 (April 2017): 1410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32398-4.
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Díaz Benítez, Juan José. "Spanish-German Military Collaboration during the Spanish Non-Belligerency: German Advice for the Defence of the Canary Islands in November 1942." War in History 23, no. 3 (June 23, 2016): 362–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344515588143.
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Calhoun, Patrick S., Amie R. Schry, H. Ryan Wagner, Nathan A. Kimbrel, Paul Dennis, Scott D. McDonald, Jean C. Beckham, Eric A. Dedert, Harold Kudler, and Kristy Straits-Troster. "The prevalence of binge drinking and receipt of provider drinking advice among US veterans with military service in Iraq or Afghanistan." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 42, no. 3 (July 8, 2015): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2015.1051185.
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Smith, Cathy, and Drew Donnelly. "Case Studies of Fatigue Failures in Defence Aircraft Components." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.81.
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Components and systems of military aircraft are regularly subjected to severe operating conditions, which lead to the development of a wide range of failure modes. The Defence Science and Technology Organisations (DSTO) Forensic Engineering and Accident Investigation group investigates such failures for the Australian Defence Force (ADF). Correct diagnosis of these failures has provided the ADF with immediate advice that has contributed to increased aircraft safety, improved operational availability, and significant cost savings. This paper presents a number of case studies of recent fatigue failures which have occurred in Australian Defence aircraft. The case studies include examples of failures which occurred via differing fatigue initiating and driving mechanisms. Details of the forensic investigations relating to each case study are provided and the ensuing remedial actions discussed.
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Hall, Matthew T., Han Q. Bui, John Rowe, and Tai A. Do. "COVID-19 Case and Contact Investigation in an Office Workspace." Military Medicine 185, no. 11-12 (November 1, 2020): e2162-e2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa194.
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Abstract This investigation report describes a case of COVID-19 in a combined military and civilian office workspace and the contact investigation and mitigation efforts that followed. This office space included an embedded public health officer who was able to conduct the contact investigation and advise on the outbreak response. Over a 3-day period, the index case unintentionally exposed 150 coworkers to SARS-CoV-2 through participation in carpools, conferences, and small meetings. Of these exposures 37 were considered medium risk at the time and 113 were considered low risk. A total of 5 contacts reported COVID-like-symptoms at the time of the investigation and another 5 developed symptoms during the 14-day quarantine period and all were directed to self-isolate. None of the contacts required hospitalization and all the symptomatic contacts tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. With the advice and aid of the embedded public health officer, the office authorized telework, conducted thorough cleaning of spaces, distributed informative messaging, conducted virtual question-and-answer forums, and evaluated outbreak policies. This report demonstrates that the close integration of public health and office management can lead to rapid identification of those at risk of infection and implementation of mitigation and control efforts to stop the spread of disease.
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ROSE, EDWARD P. F. "CANADIAN LINKS WITH BRITISH MILITARY GEOLOGY 1814 TO 1945." Earth Sciences History 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 130–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-40.1.130.
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ABSTRACT Military applications of geology became apparent within the United Kingdom during the nineteenth century, and were developed during the First World War and more extensively during the Second, incidentally by some officers with links to Canada. In the nineteenth century, three Royal Engineer major-generals with geological interests had served there briefly: Joseph Ellison Portlock (1794–1864) helped to stem invasion of Upper Canada by the United States Army in 1814, pioneer geological survey in Ireland from 1826, and promote knowledge of geology amongst British Army officers; Frederick Henry Baddeley (1794–1879) helped to pioneer geological studies in south-east Canada in the 1820s; Richard John Nelson (1803–1877) served in Canada after mapping the geology of Jersey in 1828 and making geological observations in Bermuda. During the First World War, Tannatt William Edgeworth David (1858–1934), a Welsh-born Australian and from 1916 to 1918 the senior of two geologists serving with the British Army on the Western Front, had a Canadian military family link through his mother; and Reginald Walter Brock (1874–1935), Dean of Applied Science at the University of British Columbia and a distinguished Canadian geologist, interrupted his career for infantry service in Europe but was used as a geologist from mid-1918, in Palestine. During the Second World War, the British military geologist Frederick William Shotton (1906–1990) provided geological advice to, amongst other units, Canadian forces who generated thematic maps for parts of northern France that predicted ‘going’ (conditions affecting cross-country vehicle mobility) to follow the D-Day Allied landings in Normandy. In 1943, Thomas Crawford Phemister (1902–1982), Professor and Head of the Department of Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland but from 1926 to 1932 an associate professor at the University of British Columbia, as an ‘emergency’ Royal Engineers captain founded the Geological Section of the Inter-Service Topographical Department, a unit whose reports and thematic maps provided terrain intelligence for Allied forces in both Europe and the Far East from a base in England, within the University of Oxford. John Leonard Farrington (1906–1982), an undergraduate student from 1923 to 1928 of Brock and/or Phemister at the University of British Columbia, co-founded the Section and soon succeeded Phemister as its head, from 1944 to 1945 in the rank of major. Soon after 1945, military geologists became established in continuity within the British Army.
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Orme, Geoffrey J., and James E. Kehoe. "Cohesion and Performance in Military Occupation Specialty Training." Military Medicine 185, no. 3-4 (October 23, 2019): e325-e330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz217.
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Abstract Introduction Cohesion within military teams is not only vital to their performance but also modulates the adverse impact of work stressors on mental health, including depression, distress, and morale. This study stems from previous findings concerning cohesion during recruit training in the Australian Army. In that study, ratings of cohesion clustered on three dimensions, namely horizontal bonding among team members, vertical bonding with leaders, and organizational bonding with the wider army. Ratings on all three dimensions increased during recruit training, similar to what has been during U.S. Army basic training. The present study takes the next step, which is to determine the relationship between team cohesion and external measures of group performance during training in three types of military occupational specialty, specifically, infantry, quartermaster, and administrative clerk. Materials and Methods The final sample of respondents consisted of 261 infantry trainees, 22 quartermaster trainees, and 39 administrative clerk trainees. These sample sizes, their gender distribution (9% female), and age distribution are proportional to their representation in the Australian Army. The questionnaires given to trainees and their instructors were adapted from Siebold and Kelly’s Platoon Cohesion Index used for measuring the types of bonding within a team. The questionnaire for trainees was administered three times during their respective courses. The cohesion questionnaire for instructors was administered at the completion of training. This study was conducted under defence ethics approval DPR-LREP 069-15. Results The trainees’ ratings of horizontal, vertical, and organizational bonding generally started at a high value and further increased throughout each of the three courses. Vertical bonding tended to be higher than the horizontal bonding, which in turn was consistently higher than organizational bonding. At the end of each course, the trainees’ ratings of horizontal bonding had a large significant correlation with their instructors’ ratings of the trainees’ horizontal bonding (r = 0.70), while the ratings of vertical bonding by the trainees versus their instructors had a smaller correlation (r = 0.21). In relation to the trainees’ individual grades on their course, the trainees’ grades were not significantly correlated with their section’s horizontal bonding (r = 0.29), while their section’s mean grade was correlated with their instructors’ ratings of horizontal bonding (r = 0.44). Conclusions The present results during military occupational specialty training paralleled previous findings that Australian Army recruits quickly developed solid team cohesion early in their training, which generally continued to rise in all three courses. Furthermore, as seen previously with recruits, vertical bonding between section members in all three courses and their instructor leaders tended to be higher than horizontal bonding among team members, which in turn was higher than vertical bonding of the trainees with the wider Army. These findings have useful implications for health professionals. When discussing feelings of depression, distress, and low morale, health professionals might explore a military member’s sense of bonding with their team members, their leaders, and their wider organization as possible contributors to their concerns. By the same token, advice aimed at promoting cohesion may help evoke their protective effects.
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Cả, Phan Văn. "The intentions to replace Ngo Dinh Diem of us officials from ambassador lawton collins to ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge (1955 - 1963)." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v3i2.517.
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After the Geneva Agreement of 1954, the US officials supported Ngo Dinh Diem come to power in South Vietnam in the hope that he would obey, but later realized that they could not control him. While Americans were worried about Diem, he himself was worried about the US. The US viewed economic aid and their increased military presence as a prerequisite, if not a guarantee for a must-have reform to win the war in Vietnam. Diem accepted all the support in terms of military and economy but he still acted on his will, not being subject to the US advice. Despite all warnings, Diem continued dealing with, in an unwise manner, movements against the Ngo government. This approach made the US war target in Vietnam at risk of failure. Diem's government gradually eliminated all political oppositions and created a power vacuum in South Vietnam that gave Americans no other choice but the existing government. Therefore, Americans were forced to “swim” or to “sink” with Diem even though this regime became increasingly unpopular. US officials had almost never found a perfect solution for South Vietnam. The intentions to replace Diem appeared once he came to power (1955) until it became a reality (1963).
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Ren, Li Ying, and Jin Liang Shi. "A Discussion on the Incorporation of National Defense Education Factors into College Physical Education." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 1976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1976.
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Based on the author’s research, this article suggests that incorporating national defense factors into the teaching of college P.E. courses is beneficial to raise college students’ awareness of the importance of national defense, can help lay a solid foundation for the building of national defense reserve force and refine and standardize college students’ social behavior as well. It also advances utilizing drills of parade and procession march in order to reinforce and reap the good results from military trainings, improve and enrich the trainings through physical exercises, sports games and extracurricular competitions in which the concept of national defense education should be included and emphasized. In the process of cultural development regarding P.E. systems, a few pieces of advice are offered here to introduce and integrate elements of national defense education.
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Kim, Hoe Dong. "A Study of the copyright and the guarantee of military academy professor’s status1) - legal advice cases in the first half of 2009 -." Korean Journal of Military Art and Science 65, no. 2 (August 2009): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31066/kjmas.2009.65.2.002.
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Aldrich, George H. "Prospects for United States Ratification of Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203556.
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Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, concluded in Geneva in 1977, is the most important treaty codifying and developing international humanitarian law since the adoption of the four Conventions themselves; and it is the first such treaty since 1907 to deal with methods and means of warfare and the protection of the civilian population from the effects of warfare. As such, its contributions to the law were long overdue and, on the whole, are both positive from the humanitarian point of view and practicable from the military point of view. Moreover, it offers the prospect of improved compliance with international humanitarian law, which would greatly benefit the victims of war and would bring the law in action closer to the law in the books. Yet, in January 1987, the President of the United States informed the Senate that he would not submit the Protocol to the Senate for its advice and consent to ratification, calling it “fundamentally and irreconcilably flawed.” It is apparent that President Reagan’s decision resulted from misguided advice that exaggerated certain flaws in the Protocol, ignored the statements of understanding that would have remedied them, and misconstrued a humanitarian and antiterrorist instrument as one that could give aid and comfort to “terrorists.”