Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Milieux de séparation'
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Hamel, Céline. "Séparation actinides-lanthanides (néodyne) par extraction électrolytique en milieux fluorures fondus." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30034.
Full textThis study concerns the An-Ln and Ln-Solvent separation by electrolytical extraction in molten fluoride media. Three elements are selected: neodymium, uranium and plutonium. Firstly, the electrochemical study of these three compounds in molten fluoride media is performed to evaluate the separations. Electrodeposition processes are studied and the values of formal potentials of U(III)/U(0), Pu(III)/Pu(0) and Nd(III)/Nd(0) are obtained in LiF-CaF2. Thermodynamically, the values of potentials differences are enough to separate U-Nd and Pu-Nd with a yield of extraction of 99. 99%. Concerning the Nd-solvent separation this potential difference is too small. Next, the electrodeposition of solid metals on inert electrodes is performed. This study showed the unstability of U and Nd deposits and the presence of salts in the dendritic U metal. Finally, a reactive cathode is used to improve these results. On Ni electrodes, we shown an improvement of the Pu-Nd and the Nd-solvent separation. Moreover, U and Nd metal are stabilized in the alloy. The formation of liquids alloys makes also easier the recovery of these three elements
Dumas, Jean-Luc. "Etudes et modélisation de l'influence des petites hétérogénéités dans les faisceaux d'électrons à l'aide du concept de séparation dose primaire-dose diffusée." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30179.
Full textDeblonde, Gauthier. "Spéciation du niobium et du tantale en milieux basiques et développement d’un procédé hydrométallurgique pour la séparation niobium-tantale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066761.
Full textNiobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are two strategic elements for developed countries because of their unequalled properties and their use in several key sectors like the aerospace, fuel, building, nuclear, medical imaging or electronic industries. Due to their almost-identical chemical properties, the industrial processes currently used for the niobium-tantalum separation require strongly complexing media, like hydrofluoric acid. However, the high toxicity and the environmental footprint of these media force the industrials to develop new processes. In this regard, alkaline media represent a good alternative but the chemistry of Nb and Ta in such media is still poorly known. The objectives of this PhD thesis were to probe the speciation of Nb and Ta in alkaline aqueous solutions and to develop a new hydrometallurgical process able to perform the Nb-Ta separation. Firstly, new data were obtained on the speciation of Nb and Ta in alkaline media based on solubility measurements, UV-visible spectrophotometry, solid state NMR, Raman spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis. Secondly, the information obtained from aqueous solutions (both synthetic and industrial) allowed us to develop an original solvent extraction process able to separate Nb and Ta without using any fluoride compound. This innovative process was tested at a pilot-scale (~ 1 L/h) on industrial solutions. The technical-economic evaluation of the developed process shows that this latter is profitable and economically competitive over the current industrial processes
Wingert, Loïc. "Séparation des particules ultrafines métalliques par lits granulaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0019/document.
Full textThe air of workplaces and the environment can be contaminated by ultrafine particles (UFP) coming mainly from a non-intentional generation emitted by some industrial processes. The toxicity of these particles being more and more admitted nowadays, the polluted air of the workplaces has to be extracted and filtered in order to protect the workers and the public, respectively. The commonly used filters are pleated fiber filters which are rapidly and sometimes irreversibly clogged by the UFP. In order to find an alternative to these pleated filters, it was decided to study the granular beds. To do so, the clogging kinetic of granular bed by UFP was studied. This was achieved by conducting both macroscopic and microscopic studies of the granular bed clogging consisting in the monitoring of the evolution of the performances and in performing visualizations of UFP deposit structures. Evaluate the ability of granular beds to be an alternative to fiber filters can require the knowledge of the granular bed performances evolution for a large number of configurations. In order to avoid the realization of the corresponding experiments, a theoretical model was developed. Then, this model permitted by a multi-criteria optimization method to find the optimal configuration of an improved granular bed. Finally, some preliminary and very promising tests of a cylindrical granular bed filter permitting to increase the surface filtration and the collection efficiency laid the groundwork of a potential use of granular beds for the industrial UFP filtration
Warden, Sheldon. "Conversions sismo-électromagnétiques en milieux poreux." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872157.
Full textFayad, Nidal. "Mise en oeuvre du procédé d'électrocoagulation pour le traitement des eaux usées et pour la séparation et la purification de milieux biologiques." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC024/document.
Full textElectrocoagulation (EC) is a non-specific electrochemical method usually used for water and wastewater treatment. In this work, EC is firstly investigated as a conventional wastewater treatment technique for the removal of whey proteins from water, where the mechanisms of removal are explained and a model on whey proteins elimination is developed. Then, EC use is extended for the separation and purification of volatile fatty acids issued from acidogenic fermentation. In this second study, the effects of operating parameters on EC efficiency and cost are discussed. Moreover, EC is used for the harvesting of two microalgae species from their culture medium. In the study that concerns recovering Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, response surface methodology (RSM) is employed and two models for predicting recovery efficiency and operating cost are developed. The harvesting of the other microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris is studied using EC in the batch and continuous modes. In the batch mode, the effects of the main operating parameters on the process effectiveness are explained along with discussing the mechanisms of recovery. In the continuous mode study, response surface methodology (RSM) is applied and a model for predicting microalgae recovery is developed. Finally, comparison of EC performance in continuous mode with and without polarity exchange (PE) to EC performance in batch mode is carried out
François, Yannis. "Utilisation de l'électrophorèse capillaire (EC) pour la caractérisation des liquides ioniques (LI) et intérêt des LI comme nouveaux milieux de séparation en EC." Paris 6, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002160.
Full textSanquer-Barrié, Martine. "Étude photophysique et photochimique de chromophores liés à des polymères hydrosolubles : application à la séparation de charges photoinduites." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112374.
Full textAmoudji, Amivi Eméfa Félicité. "Comportement électrochimique du cérium et du plutonium dans les milieux organiques extractants monoamides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0009.
Full textMonoamides extractants are being studied in recent years as alternate extractants to TBP for irradiated nuclear fuels reprocessing. Their extracting strength and selectivity toward Pu(IV) can be tuned depending on the nature of their alkyl chain and the nitric acid concentration. Like TBP, monoamides can extract water and nitric acid while in contact. However, nitric acid is unstable in both aqueous and organic phases. Due to radiolysis, it can be disproportionate in nitrous acid (HNO2) which is known to possess redox properties. It could lead to the formation of the HNO3/HNO2 redox couple which may cause several parasitic redox reactions and affect the recycling process. Meaningful the redox speciation of actinides (An) in an organic phase is important for acute control of the recycling processes. The electrochemical behavior of the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) couple have been studied at 25 and 40°C by cyclic voltammetry at a vitreous carbon working electrode in three N,N-dialkylamides solvents (DEHBA (N,N-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-n-butanamide), DEHiBA (N,N-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-iso-butanamide) and DEHDMBA (N,N-di-(2-ethylhexyl-)3,3-dimethylbutanamide)) pre-equilibrated with aqueous nitric acid solutions (HNO3 5M). Results showed that the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox process exhibits a well-defined reversible couple with a diffusion-controlled electrochemical behavior. This initial study on the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) couple, a "non-radioactive model" of the Pu(IV)/Pu(III) couple has been an entry to the direct electrochemical characterization of plutonium in these extractants aiming to identify the nature of the electrochemical process of the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) couple and the difficulties associated with carrying out electrochemical measurements in these viscous and low conductive media. The Pu(IV)/Pu(III) couple has been studied at 40°C in DEHBA at a vitreous carbon working electrode at different concentrations of nitric acid (0,6 M < [HNO3]org < 3,7 M). The study of the speciation of plutonium (IV) in the organic DEHBA phase after extraction showed the presence of two types of plutonium(IV) complexes with variable predominance due to the nitric acid concentration. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed an significant effect of the speciation of plutonium in the organic phase on the electroactivity of the Pu(IV)/Pu(III) couple. At low nitric acid concentrations, the Pu(IV)/Pu(III) redox process exhibits a well-defined reversible couple with a diffusion-controlled electrochemical behavior. At higher nitric acid concentrations, no electrochemical response of the Pu(IV)/Pu(III) couple is observed. This study enabled the determination of physic and chemical characteristics of the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) and Pu(IV)/Pu(III) couples in N,N-dialkylamides media as the redox potential and the diffusion coefficient that were not previously studied. This study validates the implementation of electrochemical method for the quantification of tetravalent metallic cation in organic phases
Barbar, Reine. "Contribution à la mise au point de nouveaux matériaux membranaires pour la filtration de milieux complexes : étude physico-chimique de membranes d'acétate de cellulose et de méthylcellulose partiellement alkylée obtenues par immersion-précipitation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_BARBAR_R.pdf.
Full textIn response to today's consumer seeking for high quality oil with an authentic stamp, membrane processing are part of the "mild technologies" looked for, both economically and quality wise. In the present study hydrophobicity is considered as the key for the separation. In the present work, a fractionation device having four compartments allowed the separation of an oil-in-water model emulsion through two commercial membranes of different hydrophobicity. A theoretical model of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic junction was proposed which allows the one way flow of molecules compatible with the barrier surface. In order to create an hydrophobicity scale between the two commercial membranes, new membrane materials must be synthesized. A third membrane was then synthesized from the ternary system of cellulose acetate/acetone/water by the immersion precipitation process. Small angle light scattering measurements defined a nucleation and growth mechanism ruling the phase separation. Further modification of the membranes was conducted by the incorporation of hydrophobically modified methylcellulose through its bond with epoxydodecane aliphatic chains. Membrane surface analysis by ATR-FTIR revealed an absorbance amplification in the alkyl stretching region. XPS high resolution spectra confirmed these observations by the increase of the carbon percentage in alkyl function C-(C,H). Membranes need further hydrophobic modifications in order to obtain better filtration results
Bosia, Stefano. "Sur certain problèmes multi-phase en mécanique des milieux continus." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00923691.
Full textGrabkowiak, Alexia. "Analyse du géoïde de séparation des sources pour la compréhension de l'organisation verticale des anomalies de masse dans le manteau." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC101/document.
Full textProgress made in seismic tomography and geodesy open the way to estimations of relations between the structures within the Earth and its shape. Applying statistical analysis to tomographic data of the mediterranean area, we extract 3 components that capture almost 70 % of the variance of the tomographic data : first one isolates the mantle reaction to lithospheric masses from the bottom of the transition zone, the second one is legated to subvertical lithsopheric slabs in the upper mantle, the third one corresponds to the tops of upper- and lower- mantle expression. Effect of these dynamics on the geoid has been modelized using considering that : (i) all the structures of the tomographic model are geoid anomaly sources, mantle component of the geoid is computed applying the gravito-visco-elasticity theory to take into account deflection of viscosity interfaces. This approach provides a smooth and low amplitude geoid mantle component. (ii) the tomographic model can register sources but also the all readjustment. Mantle component of the geoid is computed integrating anomalies of the model. It provides a detailled but too large with respect with the regional geoid mantle component. (iii) each component has capacity to isolate a phenomenon legated to a specific source of geoid anomalies. We applied gravito-visco-elastic theory specifically to it. That provides a mantle component detailled and that has a magnitude low enough with respect to the geoid.The presence of lithospheric caps on the bottom of the transition zone can be detected by the mantellic component of the geoid, but the geoid is not sensitive to subvertical slabs within the upper mantle
La, Barrière Olivier de. "Modèles analytiques électromagnétiques bi et tri dimensionnels en vue de l'optimisation des actionneurs disques : étude théorique et expérimentale des pertes magnétiques dans les matériaux granulaires." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DENS0032/document.
Full textThe axial flux actuators are potentially an attractive solution for demanding automotive applications such as hybrid vehicles. However, the design of these actuators for such applications encounters some difficulties: the specifications in terms of torque and speed are complex, conflicting criteria to minimize, such as mass and losses. One solution is to use systematic optimization algorithms. To use these algorithms, flexible models are needed, both accurate and fast. This thesis focuses on developing analytical models based on the formal resolution of Maxwell's equations, which allows a good compromise between computation time and accuracy, if some simplifying assumptions such as linearity of magnetic materials are accepted. The first part concerns the electromagnetic two-dimensional models, developing the axial flux structure at its mean radius. For these models, particular attention was paid to modeling of the salience as well as the rotor stator. It is especially shown that the approximation of the Carter coefficient can effectively determine the average torque of the machine with precision. However, if we want to determine the inductions into the iron parts so as to calculate the magnetic losses, a model of stator slotting is required. In a second step, three-dimensional analytical models were developed to calculate the no-load flux in the actuator, taking into account the edges effects and the curvature effect. It is shown that taking into account the edges effects is important in the modeling of the actuators. A study on the curvature effect of the machine shows that the development of the actuator to the mean radius, provided 3D models are used, is not so wrong. A second point concerns the study of magnetic losses in isotropic composite materials, composed of particles of pure iron insulated from each other, put in a binder, and then compressed. Indeed, these materials are very promising in electric machine design, allowing three-dimensional magnetic flux paths and a thermal isotropy, despite their relatively low magnetic permeability. Two materials of the Swedish company Hoganas (one dedicated to electric machines, the other to power electronics, with grains of smaller size) were characterized in terms of magnetic losses in a wide frequency range . A classical loss model was formulated, based on microscopic observations of samples of materials. With this estimate of the classical losses component, the procedure of loss separation can be carried out. The calculation of the excess loss component revealed some specific magnetization mechanisms in these granular materials, in which grains are independent of each other. Unlike laminated materials that have a number of active magnetic objects relatively low on their section at zero field, (eddy currents allow homogenization of the magnetic behavior when the frequency increases), the granular materials appear to exhibit a totally different behavior, with at least one active magnetic object at zero excess field. This changes the dependence of excess losses as a function of frequency (the excess losses are then proportional to the frequency f, while we remember that they are proportional to f ^ 0.5 in most laminated materials). Finally a pre-optimization has been carried out, with just two-dimensional electromagnetic models, and conventional laminated materials. Various studies, as the control law, or the residual induction of the magnets, have been done. This work finishes with an analysis of the influence of a power constraint on the geometry of the electrical machine
Leglaive, Simon. "Modèles de mélange pour la séparation multicanale de sources sonores en milieu réverbérant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0068.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of under-determined audio source separation for multichannel reverberant mixtures. We adopt a probabilistic approach where the source signals are represented as latent random variables in a time-frequency domain. The specific structure of musical signals in this domain is exploited by means of non-negative matrix factorization models. In the literature, the mixing filters are generally treated as deterministic parameters, only estimated from the observed data. However, as these filters correspond to room responses, they exhibit a very particular structure that can be used to guide their estimation. In a first part, the time-domain convolutive mixing process is approximated in the short-time Fourier transform domain, under the assumption that the impulse response of the mixing filters is short. We develop autoregressive moving average models that aim to transcribe the temporal dynamics of the filters into frequency-domain correlations. These models are then used in a source separation framework, for performing maximum a posteriori estimation of the mixing filters by means of an expectation-maximization algorithm. In a second part, we propose to infer the time-frequency source coefficients from the time-domain mixture observations, using a variational approach. The convolutive mixing process is here exactly represented. In addition to being suitable for the separation of highly reverberant mixtures, this approach allows us to develop simple priors for the mixing filters in order to guide their estimation. We propose a model based on the Student’s t distribution that exploits the exponential decay of reverberation in the time domain
Leitner, Loïc. "Étude d'un système de séparation à sélectivité variable et contrôlée usant de membranes de PDMS en milieu organique : application à la séparation de peptides." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0312/document.
Full textThe present study aimed to study the ability to build an adaptative and controlled separation process using PDMS membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). Despite the well understanding of mechanisms implied in the performances of nanofiltration in aqueous media, the ones conditioning OSN productivity and sieving properties remains unclear. The characterization of the PDMS swelling when put in contact with several solvent and submitted under pressure allowed for correlating the structural conformation of the PDMS membrane to its permeation properties. The study of the influence of different operating parameters on the solvent fluxes has brought significant insights in the understanding of permeation mechanisms. Swelling degree (SL), membrane compressibility under transmembrane pressure (TMP), solvent/membrane affinity and solvent viscosity were pointed out as major parameters governing the filtration through PDMS membranes. The results concluded on a molecular transport attributed to hydraulic transport through the swollen PDMS, which behavior in this state was similar to a porous material. The transport mechanisms were confirmed and deepened with a study of solute retention using homologous series of polyethylenglycols as « model » molecules. The results have shown the ability to build a separation process with targeted performances when using the appropriate operating conditions (TMP, SL, temperature...). Two main categories of impact were shown to condition the selectivity and the productivity of the membrane: the ones attributed to the polymer/solvent layout and the ones concerning the physico-chemical properties of the filtrated solution. Both categories have in addition presented synergetic effects on the process performances. After the demonstration of the ability to vary and control the sieving properties of the PDMS membranes, the nanofiltration system was applied to two concrete case studies: a purification of a hydrazynopeptide after its production via a chemical synthesis and a fractionation of a protein hydrolyzate originating from renewable resources. In both cases, the prospection of the PDMS ability in terms of targeted selectivity and productivity showed interesting results that confirmed a promising development of a separation process among the sieving properties can be regulated by the application of suitable operating conditions
Gaubert, Eric. "Séparation radioéléments-sels de fond par nanofiltration assistée par complexation en milieu fortement salin." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO19004.
Full textMire, Marcelle-Astrid. "Séparation des biopolymères du tronc de bananier en milieu acide organique : cellulose, lignines et sucres." Antilles-Guyane, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AGUY0111.
Full textKuswandi, M. "Procédés de séparation en milieu dispersé : régénération du triéthylène glycol par extraction de l'eau à l'aide d'un brouillard. Etude sur pilote et simulation. Séparation d'hydrocarbures par membranes liquides émulsionnées." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1275.
Full textYacine, Loujaine. "Etude de la séparation thermogravitationnelle en milieu fluide ou poreux dans une enceinte soumise à des flux thermiques croisés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30077/document.
Full textThe mass fraction of the components in a multi-component mixture ceases to be homogeneous when it is subjected to a thermal gradient. Indeed, the presence of a thermal gradient causes mass distribution within the mixture which destroys this homogeneity. This effect known since the nineteenth century is called thermodiffusion, or the Soret effect. The thermogravitational diffusion is defined as the coupling between the thermodiffusion and convection. The thermogravitational diffusion may lead to significant separations in fluids multi components compared to thermodiffusion. We focus in this thesis, including both numerical and theoretical parts, on the different flow structures and species separation of a binary solution filling a rectangular fluid or porous cavity. The cavity, placed in the gravity field is subjected to uniform heat fluxes densities at the horizontal and vertical walls. Dimensional analysis of this thermogravitational convection problem reveals a number of dimensionless parameters namely: thermal Rayleigh number
Devigili, Pierre. "Séparation du zinc et du nickel en milieu chlorure concentré : application à la valorisation de déchets industriels liquides." Metz, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002METZ037S.
Full textThe importance of metal recycluig is increasing with economic and environmental 1 constraints. The subject of this work deals with the separation of nickel and zinc in a highly concentrated chloride medium. The final objective is industrial applications of a defined process for such effluents. The research carried out at the Laboratoire d'Electrochime des Matériaux was based on hydrometallurgic treatments directly transferable to factory sites. Several ways were investigated in relation with the industrial partner : the research centre of VIVENDI ENVIRONNEMENT. The h-st way concems the use of an anion exchanger (Cl forrn) to achieve the separation of the cations. This process is based on the highly concentrated chloride medium allowing the formation of anionic zinc chloro complexes. The method initially tested with a synthetic solution 1 was successfully applied to an industrial effluent. The obtained results were validated at pilot 1 scale. The process has been submitted by SARP INDUSTRIE (VIVENDI ENVIRONNEMENT) to be patented. An improvement of zinc elution mas proposed. Two different solutions were studied, one based on an original electrochemical process and the other using a chelating reagent. The other ways irnplement insolubilisation processes. The traditional separation by precipitation of one of the metals appears to be not very effective. The formation of superior nickel oxide is not directly selective, but good performances can be reached by additional treatment consisting in the sodic leachmg of zinc hydroxide fiom the solid compound
Ottino, Gabriele. "Two approaches to the study of detached flows." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13786/document.
Full textIn the present work flow separation phenomena are investigated by means of two different approaches. In the first part, 2D unsteady incompressible inviscid flows are studied. An analytical-numerical model, based on the conjunction of a conformal mapping and a point vortex method, is built to define the potential flow field in a doubly connected domain where bodies are characterized by a variation in time of their circulation. In particular, the study of the unsteady flow past a 2-blade Darrieus VAWT is addressed. Until now the study of vortex motions has only been described in doubly-connected flow fields where the circulations have a constant null value. The flow field here analysed has a deep unsteadiness, which determines the circulations varying in time: so a technique is developed to uniquely define the circulations around the bodies. Three conditions result necessary to be imposed: in addition to the two Kutta conditions at the trailing edges, another one has to be imposed in order to respect the Kelvin theorem. With a classical configuration, this machine, experiencing angles of attack of opposite values, gives rise to complex vortex shedding phenomena that reduce its performances and stress its structure. In order to control the flow separation from the blades, an innovative solution is qualitatively investigated which consists of taking blade profiles provided with vortex trapping cavities. Interesting results are obtained, even if in the limit of inviscid flow. In the second part compressible viscous flows are taken into account. A fully Navier-Stokes equations solver is implemented introducing the penalization technique. The idea is to replace the bodies by the fluid, in a way that also into the bodies the penalized Navier-Stokes equations remain valid, respecting the boundary conditions on their contours. Starting from this purpose, the bodies are considered as porous media with a little porosity with respect to that of the external flow, which tends to infinity. This technique allows simple Cartesian meshes to be used, also for very complex geometries like those of industrial interest. The resulting code is tested on different flow fields, both steady and unsteady, both subsonic and supersonic, obtaining always a good agreement with other theoretical and numerical results described in literature
Khaddour, Fadi. "Amélioration de la production de gaz des « Tight Gas Reservoirs »." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3005/document.
Full textThe valorization of compact gas reservoirs, called tight gas reservoirs (TGR), whose discoveries are important, would significantly increase the global hydrocarbon resources. With the aim of improving the production of these types of gas, we have conducted a study to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between damage and the transport properties of geomaterials. The microstructure evolution of specimens, which were submitted beforehand to dynamic loading, has been investigated. An estimation of their permeability upon damage is first presented with the help of a bundle model of parallel capillaries coupling Poiseuille flow with Knudsen diffusion. Then, we have carried out an experimental work to estimate the permeability evolution upon damage in relation to the evolution of the pore size distribution in uniaxial compression. The measurements of permeability have been performed on mortar cylinders, designed to mimic typical tight rocks that can be found in tight gas reservoirs. Microstructural characterization of damaged mortars has been performed with the help of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). To estimate the permeability evolution, a new random hierarchical model has been devised. The comparisons with the experimental data show the ability of this model to estimate not only the apparent and intrinsic permeabilities but also their evolutions under loading due to a change in the pore size distribution. This model and the experimental set up have been extended to estimate the relative permeabilities of gas mixtures in the future. The final chapter presents a study of the adsorption of methane on different porous media fractured by electrical shocks. The results, concerning the estimation of the in-place resources, have shown that fracturing can enhance the extraction of the initial amount of adsorbed gas
Ismael, Moutaoukel. "Extraction de métaux en milieu micellaires et microémulsions cinétiques de complexation/decomplexation et séparations sélectives par ultrafiltration." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10055.
Full textHuguet, Anne. "Un nouveau concept de séparation actinides-lanthanides en milieu sel fondu : mise en oeuvre d'une cathode liquide à surface renouvelée." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539606.
Full textLangrand, Georges. "Réactions catalysées par les lipases en émulsion et en milieu organique : compétition et résolution : application à la séparation de (-) menthol." Université Paul Cézanne (Aix-Marseille). Faculté des sciences et techniques de Saint-Jérôme, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX30074.
Full textLosno, Marion. "Développement d'un microsystème séparatif sur monolithe organique pour l'analyse des radionucléides en milieu acide nitrique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066423/document.
Full textRadionuclides analysis is a key point for nuclear waste management and nuclear material control. Several steps of sample modification have to be carried out before measurements in order to avoid any interferences and improve measurement precision. However those different steps are long, irradiant and difficult to achieve in gloveboxes. Moreover they produce liquid and solid waste. The goal of the study is to offer a new alternative to the use of solid phase extraction column for radionuclides separation in hard nitric acid medium. The system will decrease the amount of nuclear waste due to the analysis and automatize the different steps of the analysis. A plastic device made of COC containing a micro solid phase extraction column is first designed. Stationary phase is a poly(AMA-co-EDMA) monolith synthetized in situ. Its structure is adjustable and its functionalization versatile with a high resistance to nitric acid medium. Exchange capacity is 150 mg/g of monolith for TBP and TBP/CMPO column and up to 280 mg/g of monolith in case of DAAP. Exchange coefficients are determined for U(VI), Th(IV), Eu(III) and Nd(III) for 3 different extractants (and Pu(IV) in case of TBP column). Monolith synthesis is transferred in centrifugal device and hydrodynamic behavior studied. U,Th/Eu separation was finally carried out in both classic and centrifugal microsystem on TBP column
Nouy, Anthony. "Une stratégie de calcul multiéchelle avec homogénéisation en temps et en espace pour le calcul de structures fortement hétérogènes." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422369.
Full textMizzi, Benoît. "Méthodologie générale pour la conception d'une extraction liquide-liquide réactive : application à la séparation d'un acide carboxylique issu d'un milieu fermentaire." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17776/1/MIZZI_Benoit.pdf.
Full textVieira, Nunes Antonio Idivan. "Transport d'ions sous l'effet d'un champ électrique en milieu poreux : applications à la séparation de terres rares par électrophorèse à focalisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_VIEIRA_NUNES_A_I.pdf.
Full textTrivalent ions of rare earth elements have very similar properties and their difficult separation each from another is usually carried out by liquid-liquid extraction or ion exchange focalisation electrophoresis represehts an alternative route to the usual techniques. The purpose of this work consisted of the fundamental investigation of ion transport phenomena in electrophoretic processes. Focalisation electrophoresis is suitable for separation of amphoteric species such as rare earth ions, using a pH gradient in the cell and upon addition of a complexed agent e. G. EDTA. This technique relies upon the difference in isoelectrical points of the considered species, being under the form of free cation near the ano'de, and in the form of anionic complexed species doser to the cathode Rare earth species are submitted to the antagonist effects of diffusion and migration, enabling their focalisation to occur at the isoelectrial point, corresponding to nil value of their effective mobility. Following a literature survey on rare earth elements and electrophoresis processes, the document describes theoretical and experimental investigations of complexation equilibria of some rare earth elements, namely lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium and cerium, depending on pH. Values for the isoelectrical points coulb be estimated. Transport and focalisation phenomena in view of rare earth separation, are dealt in the last chapter. Investigations were first carried out without forced circulation of the electrolyte solution and the transient behavior of the system allowed operating conditions to be design and built-up of a continuos device, more suitable to separation, and provided with 42 potential and 42 temperature sensors: the results of the preliminary runs, in form of variable profiles, are presented and discussed
Os fons trivalentes de terras raras apresentam propriedades muito proximas umas das outras, o que dificulta bastante a separaçao destes elementos, sendo a extraçao por solvente e troca de ions os unicos métodos mais usados na separaçao de terras raras. No entanto, a eletroforese à focalisaçao representa uma alternativa à separaçao de terras raras como mostra este trabalho que tem como objetivo fundamental estudar os fenomenos de transportes de ions num determinado processo. Através da técnica de eletroforese à focalizaçao, é possivel separar espécies ionicas anfotéricas, como por exemplo cations de terras raras, M+3, aplicando-se um gradiente de pH na célula de separaçao e utilizando um acido como agente complexante, como por exemplo o EDTA. 0 principio deste método é baseado na diferença dos pontos isoelétricos das espécies presentes sob a forma cationica proxima ao anodo ou sob a forma do complexo ionico proximo ao catodo. Os ions de terras raras estao sempre submetidos aos efeitos da diftisao e da migraçao o que os levam a focalizarem em seus pontos isoelétricos correspondentes a mobilidade efetiva nula. Apos um èstudo bibliognifico sobre as terras raras e os processos de separaçao por eletroforese, este relatorio de tese descreve as aproximaçoes teorico e experimental de equilfbrio de complexaçao de alguns elementos de terras raras, como por exemplo: lantanio, cério, praseodimio e neodimio, em funçao do pH, hem como a estimacao do ponto isoelétrico. Os fenomenos de transporte e de focalizaçao foram abordados no ultimo capftulo, o que nos permitiu de observar as condiçoes operacionais de focalizaçao de uma espécie sem o fluxo forçado de uma soluçao. A metodologia descrita anteriormente foi utilizada para a concepçao e a realizaçao de uma célula corn circulaçao continua da soluçao num sistema dotado de 42 captores de temperaturas e 42 de potenciais. Os resultados dos primeiros testes de focalizaçao e da separaçao de dois elementos de terras raras foram apresentados e discutidos sob a forma de perfis de diferentes parametros
Oueslati, Nadia. "Conception et optimisation d'un procédé extrapolable de purification d'acides hyaluroniques produits par culture microbienne." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0191/document.
Full textHyaluronic acid (HA) is a biopolymer with mechanical and biological properties interesting the health and cosmetic areas. The industrial HA production is realized by implementation of streptococcus strains (group C or D). At the end of the production phase, a part of HA is free in a complex culture medium while the other remains associated to the cells in a capsule. The two main difficulties of the purification of HA lie, firstly, on the complexity of the production medium and, secondly, on the high requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia for such an application. The aim of this thesis was to provide an appropriate sequence of separation processes and a set of operating conditions for HA purification from a complex production medium which complies with the Pharmacopea. Initially, two original analytical methods for quantifying and evaluating the size of HA in complex environments have been developed in order to evaluate the performance criteria of the separation processes. Then, the HA extraction from the capsule, the elimination of cells, the purification and drying of HA were using classical separation processes and studied. The HA extraction by SDS or TCA showed that the HA bound to cells corresponds to 7 % of HA production. As a consequence, it was concluded that this step was not necessary. The cell separations from the culture medium by tangential microfiltration was unsuitable because of an excessive retention of HA (even at pore diameters higher than 0.22 µm) and a too fast membrane clogging. Good performances were observed with dead-end filtration using Celite. Then, the purification of HA by diafiltration (DF) with ultrafiltration membranes was considered. The operating conditions (PTM, feed rate, HA concentration and cutoff) allowing to maximize the permeate flow rate and the HA retention were selected from design of experiments methodology. The performances of purification by diafiltration (DF) in these conditions (yield, purity and productivity) were monitored. A method for predicting the performances according to the complex medium composition, based on the conventional mass balance equations and the DF permeate flow rate, was then proposed. This was done in order to facilitate the arrangement of the purification steps. In DF, the requirement of the pharmacopoeia in term of overall purity was obtained (> 95 %) but the proteins and nucleic acids levels were still above the threshold. This is why the adsorption of these molecules on activated carbon was studied as a function of temperature, ionic strength, pH and the type of activated carbon. The isotherm equations that better fitted the experimental data were selected and used combined to the equations of DF performances in order to find an appropriate chaining. Finally, the AH lyophilization and precipitation in organic solvent were compared. Both drying methods present less than 20 % moisture and preserve the properties of the molecule
Elhajjar, Bilal. "Sur le couplage thermodiffusion-convection : séparation et instabilités induites par de nouvelles configurations géométriques et thermiques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/348/.
Full textIn the present work, the coupling between thermo-diffusion and convection in new thermal and geometrical configurations was studied in order to improve the thermo-gravitational separation of mixture components. The thermo-gravitational separation phenomenon has been essentially studied in vertical columns subjected to horizontal temperature gradient. It was shown in this study that it is possible to obtain an equivalent level of separation in the Rayleigh-Bénard configuration, in a horizontal cell subjected to a thermal gradient with a linear horizontal component and constant vertical component and in inclined thermo-gravitational cell. High frequency and small amplitude vibrations enabled us to increase the level of separation in the Rayleigh-Bénard configuration for a larger range of physical parameter variations. The analytical, numerical and experimental results are in good agreement
Belair, Sarah. "Modélisation thermodynamique de l'extraction de nitrates de lanthanides par le CMPO et par un calixarène-CMPO en milieu acide nitrique concentré : application à l'optimisation de la séparation des lanthanides et des actinides/lanthanides." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066480.
Full textOuadhani, Soumaya. "Actions des vibrations sur le processus de séparation des constituants d'un mélange binaire en configuration de Rayleigh-Bénard." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30192/document.
Full textIn this study, the influence of vertical vibrations on species thermo-gravitational separation of a binary fluid, saturating a porous medium, is presented. The cell is horizontal of large aspect ratio and situated in the gravity field. A formulation using time average equations is used. Two configurations have been considered and compared. In the first one, a constant heat flux is imposed on the horizontal walls and in the second case, a constant heat flux is imposed on the bottom wall while a constant temperature is imposed on the top wall. For each configuration, stable unicellular solutions leading to species separation are obtained, depending on the dimensionless parameters of the problem. The analytical results are in good agreement with those obtained by direct numerical simulations. In both cases, a linear stability analysis of the equilibrium solution and the unicellular one is presented using a spectral method
Kerfai, Syrine. "Etude d'un procédé chromatographique d'échange d'ions pour la séparation de la ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) dans le cadre de la valorisation d'un sous produit agricole." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0014/document.
Full textBiological raw material derived from bio-refinery processes, is often considered a source of pollution but it seems also to be a promising alternative to potential material recovery. The development of suitable processes for handling such complex biological material has so many concerns. Green juice produced from mechanical dehydration of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an excellent source of protein with high nutritional quality. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) is the most abundant protein in the green juice, with potential applications in many fields, such as human nutrition, pharmaceuticals, environmental… The aim of this study is to isolate and recover Rubisco produced from an industrial alfalfa green juice, by ion exchange chromatography process. First of all, a qualitative and quantitative analytical method was developed to provide reliable information about Rubisco content monitoring in the separation process. In a second step, the separation process was performed in fixed and expanded bed, using the anion exchanger Q Hyper Z. In both cases, the effect of the dilution of the green juice on the dynamic capacity of the columns was studied. The results showed that the dynamic capacity retention was similar in both columns to those reported in literature. After elution step, Rubisco was concentrated 21 times and produced with high level of purity. Furthermore, kinetic of ion exchange study was initiated. Despite the large size of the protein (560 kDa), steric limitations to mass transfer were not very significant when compared to those of conventional small proteins. The support Q Hyper Z showed an excellent affinity for the protein recovery. Finally, a first theoretical investigation has been conducted for understanding the retention mechanism between the protein and the separation column. This study shows the importance of taking into account the presence of other bio-molecules in order to perform the retention of Rubisco, perhaps even more than that of salts
Boudjema, Lotfi. "Etude des propriétés d'adsorption d'hydrocarbures par des polymères de coordination en milieu humide." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0017/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is focused on the study of wet adsorption and separation properties by porous coordination polymers. We used adsorption volumetry, gas chromatography separation techniques, fluorescence spectroscopy techniques and Monte Carlo modeling to understand the mechanisms governing the adsorption of these materials. The adsorbable molecules studied are water and hydrocarbon vapors linear (pentane and n-hexane), cyclic (cyclohexane and cyclohexene) and polycyclic (anthracene). The adsorbents studied are the Prussian Blue Analogues (ABP) as well as two reference porous organometallic materials, ZIF8 and CuBTC. Among the main results provided by this work, we have shown that Prussian Blue Analogues have remarkable hydrothermal stability conferring them very promising wet adsorption properties. Among the ABPs studied, Co [CoIII (CN)6] 0.66 ⊡0.33 .5.2H2O showed adsorption and separation properties far superior to those of other ABPs. For example, it has been possible to modulate its hydrophobic / hydrophilic balance by controlling the coordination of water on the unsaturated metal center, while preserving its lipophilic character. We have also shown that this Prussian blue analogue is capable of separating mixtures of dry or very wet hydrocarbons repeatedly. On a more fundamental aspect, we have shown that the confinement of anthracene by ZIF-8, which is a porous organometallic compound with cavities of size adjusted to that of the fluorophore, could induce a complete extinction of certain absorption bands of this one
Lobréau, Stéphanie. "Imagerie et caractérisation instationnaire de sources acoustiques en milieu réverbérant et bruité par renversement temporel et séparation de champs sur antenne hémisphérique double couche." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0993/document.
Full textFor many industrial applications, it is necessary to inspect radiating structures using non-stationary sources localization and characterization techniques. In the last decades, many acoustical imaging methods have been developed. These techniques are based on the measurement of a set of acoustical quantities (pressure and/or particle velocity) on structured (or not) microphones antennas. In particular, this thesis work aims at studying and optimizing non-stationary imaging methods using time reversal. More particularly, we are interested in improvements following to assess precisely the acoustic field with good performances, by making these methods performances insensitive to the measurements conditions (reverberant and noisy environment). For purpose, several improvements are proposed in this manuscript, thanks to measurements realised on a hemispherical double layer antenna. In particular, we detail a quantitative time reversal acoustical imaging process thanks to the calculation of the time reversed version of the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral, using the "double data" measurements realised on the antenna. Then, we will detail improvements to suppress both room effects and the perturbative sources contributions thanks to a field separation method, which consists in expanding the measured data onto spherical harmonics functions basis. Then, the "incoming" and the "outgoing" contributions are separated. Finally, the time reversal imaging resolution, intrinsically limited, is improved thanks to the automatic definition of a time reversal sink. Its analytical formulation takes advantage of double layer measurement structure. This of crucial importance to note that all these improvements take advantage from the recording of a double data set (pressure-pressure or pressure-velocity). The quality of the pressure field reconstructed using the full double layer time reversal imaging process is illustrated through numerical and experimental studies, from an idealized situation (anechoic and not noisy environments) to a hard case (highly reverberant and noisy environment)
Kaltsatos, Vassilios. "Contribution à la microencapsulation par coacervation ou séparation de phases en milieu non aqueux : rôle de l'agent nucléant : application à la microencapsulation de l'acide ascorbique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T005.
Full textWakkel, Manel. "Contribution à l'étude de la séparation des protéines par chromatographie d'échange d'ions en milieu complexe. Effet du poids moléculaire sur l'équilibre et la cinétique de rétention." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0023/document.
Full textBioseparations from crude media, vegetable or biological, is a large and complex subject. Future industrial issues depend ontheir understanding and development, namely for biotechnological processes as downstream processes represent up to 80 %of their total cost. This work hopes to contribute to these general questions. It is justified by previous results obtained in thelaboratory showing that it is possible to recover a high molecular weight (HMW) protein from a complex vegetal juice in justone chromatographic operation. Hypotheses have been formulated, to which this work tries to answer: what mechanism couldexplain this behaviour? Is-there a specific location inside particles for the uptake of such protein, facilitating the recoveryduring elution step? Our objective has been to progress on the knowledge of fundamental questions concerning ion-exchangechromatography and their applications for proteins recovery from complex media. The effect of the other proteins in solutionhas been analysed, specifically in the situation where both proteins have a very different molecular weight, as in the previouscited work. Theoretical and experimental approaches, at various scales, have been applied or developed on real or syntheticsystems in order to answer some of these questions. At the process scale, a statistical method for data analysis (PrincipalComponent Analysis or PCA) has been applied. The complete interpretation of its results remains very hard. At thelaboratory scale, equilibrium and kinetics of ion exchange have been studied for synthetic solutions of two proteins: bovineserum albumin (BSA) (as reference protein widely studied), and ferritin (iron storage protein) having similar isoelectric pointas BSA but with higher molecular weight. Classical models for ion-exchange kinetics can explain the experimental results,even for HMW proteins. Mass transfer fluxes seem to be coupled for both proteins, even if they have usually very differentdiffusivities. The interpretation of equilibrium results is much more difficult. Equilibrium uptake of ferritin is not, or lightly,influenced by salt concentration or BSA content. Nevertheless, the presence of ferritin in the medium affects strongly BSAequilibrium uptake (however more favourable). Among the phenomena suggested in the literature, the Vroman effect hasbeen researched but it does not take place under the experimental conditions applied. Simulation of multi-componentisotherms has not been possible by classical models (such as multi-component Langmuir isotherm), while protein isothermsin single solution are standard. Besides, a partial blockage of the resin pores by ferritin is possible, preventing BSA diffusion.Therefore, a methodology has been developed at the microscopic scale, with the aim to observe concentration profiles forrepresentatives elements (P, Fe, Cl …) inside particles. The method, well developed, does not allow to conclude for themoment, because the probes used were not sensible enough
Leiba, Raphaël. "Conception d'un outil de diagnostic de la gêne sonore en milieu urbain." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066602/document.
Full textNoise, especially road traffic noise, is cited by many studies as a source of major societal concern. So far, public responses are based only on energy quantification of sound exposure, often by measuring or estimating LA or Lden, and sound-level reduction related decision are taken. Nevertheless, psychoacoustic studies have shown that the sound level explains only a small part of the perceived noise annoyance. It is interesting to have more information about the source of noise and not to reduce the information to its sound level. In this thesis a tool is proposed for estimating the noise annoyance induced by each road vehicle using its audio signal and noise annoyance models. To do so, the audio signal of the vehicle is isolated by using inverse methods, large microphones arrays and image processing to obtain its trajectory. The knowledge of the trajectory and of the signal allows the vehicle to be classified by a machine learning method according to Morel et al. taxonomy. Once its category obtained, the specific annoyance of the vehicle is estimated thanks to a noise annoyance model using psychoacoustic and energetic indices. This allows the estimation of specific noise annoyance for each vehicle within the road traffic. The application of this method is made during a measurement day on a large Parisian artery
Ouattara, Bafétigué. "Prise en compte des caractéristiques thermophysiques des parois dans le processus de séparation des constituants d'un mélange binaire ou d'un nanofluide par diffusion thermogravitationnelle en milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968643.
Full textVu, Trong-Hung. "Etude par spectrométrie de fluorescence de la solvatation et de la complexation des ions Eu(III) et Cm(III) en milieu octanol et à l'interface avec l'eau." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13083.
Full textPolydentate N-donors ligands like bistriazine-pyridine (BTP) and bistriazine-bispyridine (BTBP) can selectively extract minor actinides (III) from lanthanides (III) ions and therefore have been studied in the field of nuclear waste reprocessing. The aim of the researches carried out during this thesis is a better description of this family in biphasic systems: speciation in the organic phase and around the interfacial area. After an exhaustive description of the solvation of europium(III) cation in mixed solutions n-octanol-water with TRLIF spectrometry, the complexation with nitrogen ligands iPr-BTP, C5-BTBP and CyMe4-BTBP has been studied by TRLIF and ESI-MS techniques. For each compound, the inner sphere of europium has been described and the conditional stability constants determined. The composition of the organic medium, and particularly the hydration degree of n-octanol, has an impact on the nature and the ratio of species ‘cation – counter ion – ligand – water’. With high water content (representative of extraction systems), the complexes observed with Cm(III) and Eu(III) have the same stoechiometry but the affinity towards the curium cation is higher and consistent to separation factors measured with biphasic systems. The method TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence) was retained to study the behaviour of europium(III) inside the interfacial area. Fluorescence spectra of europium have been obtained but side signals and the high depth resolution of detection lead to difficulty in obtaining the signal of interfacial europium alone. The selected technique remains promising but some improvements need to be implemented for forthcoming measurement at liquid/liquid interface
Massé, Anthony. "Bioréacteur à membranes immergées pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines : spécificités physico-chimiques du milieu biologique et colmatage." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0036.
Full textThis study describes and analyses the interactions which exist between the biological medium specificities coming from a submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and fouling. The MBR was compared with an activated sludge process, both fed with the same urban wastewater. The purification efficiencies of both processes were compared for the same operating conditions and at different sludge ages. The influence of membrane and sludge age on supernatant (soluble polymer, COD) and floc characteristics (diameter, fractal dimension, bound exopolymer, sludge volume index, turbidity) was analysed. Sludge production for both systems were calculated and confronted with models. Moreover, we mentioned the main mechanisms implied in long and short term fouling. Finally, the specific role of soluble/colloidal proteins and polysaccharides on deposit structuring was underlined
Gonzalez, Chavez Jose Luz. "Influence des conditions de potentiel et de complexation sur les mécanismes de flottation des minéraux sulfurés : Application à la séparation arsénopyrite/pyrite." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10179.
Full textSboui, Amel. "Quelques méthodes numériques robustes pour l'écoulement et le transport en milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284856.
Full textEnfin une méthode numérique pour le calcul de transport de contaminants est proposée. Les techniques précédentes sont implémentées en 3-D et des résultats numériques sont présentés sur le benchmark 3-D champ lointain du GDR Momas et de l'Andra.
Le, Page Mostefa Marie. "Développement, conception et mise au point d'un procédé de purification du bio-acide acrylique par cristallisation en milieu fondu." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0302/document.
Full textWith a global market exceeding four million tons per year, acrylic acid (AA) is a major intermediate chemical. The current AA synthesis is based on propylene, which is produced from oil. Thus, a novel production route is envisioned, based on glycerol, a green byproduct of oleochemistry and biodiesel production. However, current crude biobased AA contains a higher proportion of PA than AA from petrochemical origin. Classical purification techniques of AA cannot efficiently separate these two chemicals. In a first part, liquid-solid phase diagram of the binary system AA + PA is determined. This liquid-solid equilibrium exhibits an peritectic behavior at 50.0% (mol) of AA, a eutectic point at 25.65% (mol) of AA and thus, this diagram is favorable to the purification of AA. First purification tests by static solid layer melt crystallization show promising results: a correct separation efficiency for a yield varying between 60 et 70 %. To improve heat and mass transfer, dynamic crystallization set-up are developed, including a falling film crystallizer. This set-up multiplies by 2.8 the productivity of purification, while keeping a good separation efficiency. To reduce supercooling and to keep a good heat transfer despite the crystalline layer which is a thermal insulator, micro-and milli-structured crystallization surface are considered. Productivity is further improved and heat transfer modeling confirms the experimental results. To be nearer to industrial conditions, synthetic crude bio-AA is purified. Melt crystallization can separate all the impurities which are present in the medium. To scale-up the overall process a cascade model of batch crystallizers with recycling of the differents phases, is proposed. The intensification of the melt crystallization process permits to consider the implementation of the industrial process
Berné, Olivier. "Evolution des très petites particules de poussière dans le cycle cosmique de la matière : méthodes de séparation aveugle de sources et spectro-imagerie avec le télescope spatial Spitzer." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/381/.
Full textVery small carbonaceous dust particles dominate the mid-infrared emission of a large number of astrophysical objects of our and external galaxies. It is commonly admitted that the bands detected in the observed spectra are due to the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or populations that are chemically similar to these PAHs. However, the origin of the variations of the shape of these spectra depending on the considered environment remains unexplained. In order to provide new insights into this issue, we have applied Blind Signal Separation methods to spectro-imagery data of reflection nebulae observed with NASA's Spitzer space telescope. This analysis allowed us to unveil the physical and chemical evolution of very small dust particles: free PAH-type macromolecules are formed from the evaporation of very small grains under the effect of ultra-violet radiation and then ionized. This evolution which is strongly connected to the local physical conditions is at the origin of the observed spectral variations in these nebulae. Based on the results we were able to construct a set of template spectra for the analysis of the emission of very small dust particles at different steps of the cosmic cycle of matter. We show that it is possible to explain the shape of the mid-infrared spectra of planetary nebulae and protoplanetary disks by linking it to the physical conditions prevailing in the objects. .
Ben, Ahmed Haykel. "Étude de la convection mixte d'origine thermosolutale sous l'influence de l'effet SORET dans un milieu poreux : analyse de stabilité linéaire et simulations 3D." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337572.
Full textL'ensemble de ces opérations nous ont conduit à déterminer le comportement d'un fluide binaire en convection mixte. Des relations littérales déterminant les seuils de transitions entre les différents états du système ont été démontrées. Des diagrammes de stabilité généraux ont été établis ; la mécanique de la convection est mieux éclaircie, l'influence de l'allongement du canal a été étudiée, la propagation dans les deux sens des ondes progressives des rouleaux transversaux ont été mises en évidence, un recueil de paramètres caractéristiques de ces écoulements est donné en termes de nombre d'ondes, pulsations, vitesses de phase et de transferts de chaleur et de masse. Pour finir, nous nous sommes intéressés au cas particulier de la séparation en essayant de mettre au point des idées permettant de séparer des constituants par appui sur les résultats trouvés.
Hegron, Lise. "Suivi par émission acoustique de la compaction de particules fragiles d' UO2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4740/document.
Full textOne of the options considered for recycling minor actinides is to incorporate about 10% to UO2 matrix. The presence of open pores interconnected within this fuel should allow the evacuation of helium and fission gases to prevent swelling of the pellet and ultimately its interaction with the fuel clad surrounding it.Implementation of minor actinides requires working in shielded cell, reducing their retention and outlawing additions of organic products. The use of fragmentable particles of several hundred micrometers seems a good solution to control the microstructure of the green compacts and thus control the open porosity after sintering.The goal of this study is to monitor the compaction of brittle UO2 particles by acoustic emission and to link the particle characteristics to the open porosity obtained after the compact sintering.The signals acquired during tensile strength tests on individual granules and compacts show that the acoustic emission allows the detection of the mechanism of fragmentation and enables identification of a characteristic waveform of this fragmentation.The influences of compaction stress, of the initial particle size distribution and of the internal cohesion of the granules, on the mechanical strength of the compact and on the microstructure and open porosity of the sintered pellets, are analyzed.By its ability to identify the range of fragmentation of the granules during compaction, acoustic emission appears as a promising technique for monitoring the compaction of brittle particles in the manufacture of a controlled porosity fuel
Pierrot, François. "Polymérisation in-situ en milieu fondu et sous écoulement élongationnel pour l'élaboration de nouveaux matériaux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE011/document.
Full textIn this work, binary and ternary reactive blends based on immiscible thermoplastic polymers PMMA,PE and PS were realized. The in-situ polymerization of the styrene, precursor of PS, was led by thermal self-polymerization or still thanks to radical initiator. Blends were realized in a mixer named RMX who generates mainly extensional flows known for their distributive and dispersive skill even if components have an important viscosity difference. Various methods of preparation and parameters of mixtures were tested. Morphology was evaluated by the analysis of electronic microscopy images.The average radiuses of the dispersed PS phase were compared with those observed in the literature. The smallest that we obtained have an average radius of 50 nm. Binary mixtures 90/10 %m with PS or PE and with a thermodur polyepoxide (MDEA/DGEBA) were also realized. The smallest spherical nodules that we obtained have an average radius of the order of 65 nm
Naon, Robert. "Méthode de séparation des populations cellulaires de la branchie et activités ATpasiques dépendantes des cations dans les membranes plasmatiques de l'épithélium branchial chez l'anguille d'eau douce (Anguilla anguilla) : effet du calcium présent dans le milieu d'adaptation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22055.
Full text