Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Milieux agricoles et forestiers'
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Bas, Yves. "Décomposition des effets des changements des paysages et des pratiques d'exploitation sur la biodiversité des milieux agricoles et forestiers." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066339.
Full textRenoirt, Matthias. "Influence de l’habitat sur l’écologie et la physiologie du crapaud épineux (Bufo spinosus)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS041.
Full textA large number of studies have highlighted the negative effects of anthropogenic pressures intime and space on biodiversity. Among these anthropogenic pressures, agricultural activities and expansion play a major role in the modification of environments and in the loss of biodiversity. Questions whether animal species persist in this type of environment arises. My thesis is based on this context. We aimed at study the responses of organism to a degraded environment and the landscape constraints on life history traits and ecology. My work is focused specifically on an amphibian species persisting in habitat ranging from highly conserved to highly degraded by agricultural activities. In order to compare forest and agricultural populations of model species (Spined toad, Bufo spinosus), I relied on a wide variety of markers to examine (1) population genetic structure (micro-satellite markers), (2) feeding ecology (stable isotope), (3) individual quality (telomeres, morphology, developmental traits) and the impact on reproduction. As a result, I was able to connect many factors associated with agricultural landscapes that raised many questions about the persistence of spined toad populations. We were able to show a significant effect of fertilizers on the δ15N isotopic signature of B.spinosus populations. Moreover, we highlighted that agricultural environment allows genetic diversity between populations. However, using correlative approaches, we pointed out various on strains of this environment on the reproduction of amphibians populations, either through low (or no) abundance of females on breeding sites, and/or directly on reproductive success and offspring quality. These results suggest possible long-term effects on amphibian populations, and we suggest that the various avenues of research we suggested throughout this thesis should be pursued in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying these results and to find solutions for the sustainability of wild species that have no choice but to adapt
Labhar, Mohamed. "Les milieux forestiers et pré-forestiers du moyen atlas central nord-occidental :approche géographique, phytoécologique et dynamique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212025.
Full textDross, Camille. "Stratégies d’utilisation des sols agricoles pour concilier production et oiseaux spécialistes des milieux agricoles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA028/document.
Full textAgricultural expansion and intensification have disastrous consequences on biodiversity. Studying the relationship between biodiversity and food production can help devise appropriate measures.The objective of this work was to reveal land use strategies to halt the decline of farmland birds while maintaining agricultural production.Our work was based on the study of correlations between agricultural land use, food production, and various bird community descriptors across French agroecosystems.In high crop production regions, we observed low-diversity communities dominated by few arable specialist species. In high livestock production regions, we observed communities dominated by generalist bird species. The land-use strategy that maximized the Farmland Bird Index under crop and livestock production constraints involved a decrease of crop intensity in the most intensive crop regions and an increase of livestock intensity in the most intensive livestock regions. Extensive livestock production was reinforced in current extensive areas.Our results have shown that different strategies are needed in crop-dominated and in livestock dominated regions
Vinez, Margaux. "Terres et agriculture en milieu forestier : essais sur des politiques historique et contemporaine en République Démocratique du Congo : rumble in the jungle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH027.
Full textContending that tenure insecurity under informal “customary” land institutions and theunder-utilization of modern inputs are two important factors holding back sub-SaharanAfrican agriculture, policy makers have designed policies to shift communal rights towardmore individualization and formalization, and to promote the adoption of improved inputs.This doctoral thesis uses an original database to explore two examples of such policiesthat took place 50 years apart in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It shows that theyhad short-term and long-term implications far beyond those commonly expected. The firsttwo Chapters focus on an intervention by the Belgian Colony that took place during thelast decade of colonization. It led to the division of communal land and its allocation toindividual families. Using a natural experiment, they study its consequences for socialstructures and customary conflict resolution mechanisms. The third Chapter focuses on arecent agricultural input subsidies intervention. It uses an experimental design to show that the subsidies successfully increased the use of improved seeds, and analyses its implications for households’ labor and land allocation
Richard, Emmanuelle. "Déterminants et conséquences des interactions entre grands herbivores : l'exemple du cerf (Cervus elaphus) et du chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus) en milieu forestier." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871068.
Full textPicard, Ghislain. "Modélisation radar des couverts végétaux : applications à la télédétection de couverts forestiers et agricoles." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30159.
Full textDubois, Jean-Jacques. "Espaces et milieux forestiers dans le nord de la France : étude de biogéographie historique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40572961z.
Full textBrisson, Carl. "Discours, législations et pratiques de la gestion polyvalente des milieux forestiers publics sagamiens, 1960-1994 /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Groupe de recherche et d'intervention régionales, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textSeladji, Samir. "Caractérisation et suivi par méthodes géoélectriques de la dégradation physique des sols agricoles et forestiers liée au tassement." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066522.
Full textLaplante, Louis. "Influence de l'hétérogénéité et de la composition du paysage agricole sur la communauté de diptères schizophores du Sud du Québec (Canada)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6590.
Full textBozon, Nathalie. "Répartition et dynamique des boisements feuillus post-agricoles : analyse structurale de formations à frene, érable et merisier dans les Alpes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10113.
Full textMICHEL, Charlotte. "L'accès du public aux espaces naturels, agricoles et forestiers et l'exercice du droit de propriété : des équilibres à gérer." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007570.
Full textKurz, Britta. "Modélisation de l'anisotropie directionnelle de la température de surface : application au cas de milieux forestiers et urbains." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/609/.
Full textThe variability of the surface temperatures resulting from the coupling between energy and radiative transfers within canopies is prone to induce a strong directional anisotropy of measurements in the thermal infrared (TIR). A modelling approach developed for complex canopies is described. It is based on the combination of 3D models providing the information about the distribution of the elements of the canopy seen by the sensor, with transfer models computing the surface temperatures of the facets. The aggregation of radiances allows one to derive the directional temperature and the anisotropy by subtracting the nadir temperature. Two canopies are studied: a stand of maritime pine (in Landes de Gascogne, SW France) and a urban area (Toulouse city studied in the framework of the CAPITOUL experiment). For the forest canopy, a simplified 3D model concentrating all the foliage within cylinders is associated to a parametric model of hot spot which allows one to take into account the microscale effects related to needles and to their spatial distribution. The MuSICA model (developed at INRA) provides the temperatures of the crowns and herbaceous underneath layer at the ground. For the urban canopy, the SOLENE model (developed at CERMA, Nantes ) and the TEB model (developed at Météo France) are combined with the 3D model of Toulouse to simulate the TIR anisotropy both in daytime and nightime conditions. The simulations are compared against airborne measurements of anisotropy. For daytime conditions, the hot spot effects are satisfactorily reproduced with however a 15% underestimation, while the nightime directional anisotropy over the urban canopy is correctly simulated. The results are discussed and improvements proposed
Pereira, Dos Santos Taissa. "Invasion d’Aedes albopictus dans les milieux forestiers tropicaux et potentiel pour l’émergence de virus zoonotiques au Brésil." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG012/document.
Full textZoonotic emerging diseases are increasing during the last decades. There is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms of this emergence, in particular to study the underlying ecological factors determining spill-over events, the transfer from animals to humans. Being native from Asia, the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus arrived to Brazil in the 80’s being nowadays established in 60% of brazilian cities. Brazilian forests are considered a hotspot of wildlife biodiversity, harbouring hundreds of zoonotic arboviruses, suffering human landscape transformation and surrounding large urban cities, an optimal breeding ground for the emergence of zoonotic diseases. This species represents a major concern for the transmission of epidemic arboviruses (dengue, chikungunya, Zika) but also a potential threat for the emergence of zoonotic diseases due to its presence in urban/forest interfaces, its opportunistic feeding behavior and its vector competence to transmit numerous viruses. Thus, Ae. albopictus might potentially participate as a bridge vector for the transfer to urban environments of zoonotic arboviruses that are circulating on Brazilian forests. In this study we evaluate the potential of this species to act as a bridge vector between wildlife and humans. For this propose (i) we performed a bibliographic research and analysis focusing on three key components for assessing the ability of a mosquito to ensure interspecies transfer of arboviruses in sylvatic areas: 1) the capacity to exploit natural larval breeding sites, 2) blood-feeding behaviour and 3) the vector competence for arboviruses. (ii) We investigated from fieldwork the colonization, dispersion, host feeding and potential impact of biodiversity patterns of Ae. albopictus in the urban/forest interface in Brasil. This field work was realized from ten forest-fragments ecosystems in tree Brazilians Biome: Biome Amazonia in Adolpho Ducke forest reserve-Manaus; Biome Mata Atlantica in Pedra Branca forest reserve- Rio de Janeiro, in the urban forest fragment Salvador, Serra, Belo Horizonte and in the rural forest fragment Domingos Martins, Simonésia, Casimiro de Abreu, Marica-RJ; Biome Cerrado in Morro dos Macacos forest – Goiania. This work confirmed that Ae. albopictus has the capacity to colonize natural breeding sites with the opportunistic feeding behavior with a preference for human blood sources, followed by other mammals and birds. We observe that the colonization and dispersion process is limited to the edge forest with an impact in species composition in this environments. We observed that this mosquitos is vector competence for 13 arbovirus from bibliographic recherché, but no arbovirus was detected from fildework collected mosquitos. Globally our results confirm and estimates the potential role of Ae. albopictus to act as a bridge vector of zoonotic diseases at the forest/urban interfaces in Brazil. This work opens a research area in which further investigations may assess the potential spill-over risk of zoonotic disease from forested to urban areas with the aim to mitigate potential future viral emergences
Verbrugghe, Michel. "Contribution à l'analyse des microclimats au niveau de l'arbre de couverts forestiers et de parcelles agricoles entourées de brise-vent." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX23001.
Full textAn analysis of energy exchange in low levels of the atmosphere is made in heterogeneous agricultural lands, particulary about the influence of trees' structures on regional climatic modifications and on the making of microclimates. Successive scales are discussed from a tree throught forest canopies and to agricultural parcels surrounded of wind-breaks. At the level of a tree surfaces temperatures variations of fruit-trees are analysed in relation with height above the ground exposure, trunk colour and meteorological conditions. At the scale of forest canopies, particular attempt is made in analysis of wind speed, global radiation, air humidity and air temperature vertical profiles in two cedars'stands. Comparison of microclimate profiles measured simultaneously in open fields and inside cedars' canopies are also discussed. At the scale of agricultural parcels the microclimatic effects of wind-breaks in breton bocage and in low valley of the rhone are presented and explained. Special attention is made about aerodynamic and radiative effects of hedges on spaciotemporal variations of wind speed, air humidity and air temperature
Jamoneau, Aurélien. "Relations entre les diversités alpha, béta et gamma de la flore vasculaire de fragments forestiers inclus dans des paysages agricoles contrastés." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00495833.
Full textJamoneau, Aurélien. "Relations entre les diversités α, β et γ de la flore vasculaire de fragments forestiers inclus dans des paysages agricoles contrastés." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0103.
Full textWhereas habitat fragmentation is considered as one of the main cause of biodiversity loss, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this thesis I aim at identifying the main factors controlling forest species assemblages, at several spatial and temporal scales within constrasted agricultural landscapes. Vascular plant species have been surveyed in all forest patches that were present in 9 5x5km landscape windows located in the Picardy region (N-France). First, a regressive analysis of the landscape was conducted to reconstruct forest cover changes over the last three centuries ; it revealed that the forest of Picardy has become more and more fragmented. The influence of local, landscape and historical factors on species richness and composition was then analysed using structural equation modelling ; patch size was found to be the main driver, but landscape and historical factors were also influential when only forest herb species were considered. A principal coordinates neighbour matrices analysis, coupled with a redundancy analysis with variation partitioning was used to analyse beta (inter-patches) diversity along the landscape gradient. I found that diversity appeared to be controlled by local factors in the oldest, less fragmented systems (habitat selection), whereas landscape spatial configuration was more important in the most fragmented and/or recent woodlands (dispersal limitation). A "pseudo-diachronic" approach, studying species assemblages along the temporal gradient clarified the relative importance of neutral vs. Niche processes in local species assemblages. When analysing diversity at a finer scale, using a nested plot design, I showed that at the plot scale (1000m²), plant diversity was governed not only by the size of the regional species pool but also by edaphic properties ; conversely, inter-specific competition became significant at a very local scale (1m²). Finally, field sowing and transplanting experiments were conducted, which confirmed that the presence of ancient forest species was limited by their dispersal abilities, whilst the presence of recent forest species was limited by habitat quality. By clarifying the multiscalar and interactive influence of local, landscape, historical and spatial factors, this work increases our knowledge of forest plant communities organisation and of their functioning as metacommunities
Hettak, Lydia. "Mise en œuvre d'un modèle électromagnétique 3D dédié à l'analyse de milieux forestiers et à la détection de cibles sous couvert." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066415/document.
Full textIn this report, a model for the analysis of the scattering of metallic target placed in forested area is presented. The developed model is based on a hybrid (surface/volume) formulation of the method of moments. First, a model based on the surface formulation of the electric field integral equation is developed for the case of a metallic target placed in free space. The model is then modified in order to take into account the presence of a ground by using a complex image method coupled with the Fresnel reflection coefficients. Finally, the obtained code is coupled with a model treating the case of large forest areas that was previously developed in the laboratory. This model is based on a volume formulation of the electric field integral equation coupled with the Characteristics Basis Functions Method. The final hybrid model treats the case of metallic object placed in a large forested area. The model is then implemented on MATLAB and Fortran in order to compare its results with those of the commercial software FEKO. The results were compared different cases: free space, above ground and inside a forested area. The code was also used in order to different parameters affecting the diffraction mechanism. Finally, a numerical validation conducted in collaboration with CCRM (Centre Commun de Ressources en Micro-ondes de Marseille) is presented. A measurement complain of the diffracted field was achieve on scaled models (1/25) and the measurements were compared with the results given by the developed model
Barima, Yao Sadaiou Sabas. "Dynamique, fragmentation et diversité végétale des paysages forestiers en milieux de transition forêt-savane dans le Département de Tanda, Côte d'Ivoire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210234.
Full textNos résultats ont montré que l’équilibre écologique des forêts de la zone d’étude était fortement perturbé. L’agriculture itinérante sur brûlis, l’exploitation forestière et les feux de végétation ont été identifiés comme étant les principaux agents de ces dynamiques. La matrice du paysage, qui était initialement constituée d’une couverture continue de forêt dense, a été substituée par une mosaïque de savanes, de champs et de forêts exploitées, présentant des niveaux variables de dégradations anthropiques. L’utilisation de données multi-spectrales a permis de quantifier ces dégradations. Premièrement, sur base de l’information spectrale, nous avons distingué deux sous-types de forêts, différents entre eux en termes de densité, de composition, de stratégie dominante et de niveau de dégradation. Deuxièmement, une corrélation significative a été obtenue entre la dégradation et le degré de fragmentation des forêts, quantifiable à partir d’indices structuraux basés sur le nombre de taches, la proportion de forêts et le périmètre des taches forestières dans le paysage. La fragmentation semble avoir produit deux effets distincts sur la composition forestière ;elle détermine la taille et l’isolation des fragments aussi bien que les lisières forestières. Les dynamiques temporelles de la structure et de la composition du paysage forestier dans notre région d’étude a montré que la déforestation était plus sensible dans la partie Sud de la zone d’étude, en dépit du climat favorable, alors que dans la partie Nord, proche des savanes Guinéennes, la simulation des dynamiques à partir de la chaine de Markov a montré une tendance à la reprise forestière.
En définitive, notre étude a mis en évidence que la zone de transition forêt-savane étudiée était fortement dynamique. Dans une région où aucune réserve forestière n’existe réellement et où le front forestier régresse ou se dégrade rapidement, notre approche permet de poser les bases d’une politique rationnelle de protection des forêts, en établissant des seuils structuraux minimaux des fragments nécessaires à la préservation du biotope originel.
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Doctorat en Sciences
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Kaushal, Parvinder. "Analyse écophysiologique des effets de stress liés aux transplantations des arbres forestiers." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10299.
Full textChampagne, Nancy. "Évaluation de la diversité entomologique au sol et effet de la modification de la gestion des végétaux sur les insectes le long d'emprises autoroutières de trois milieux différents (agricole, forestier et périurbain) dans le sud du Québec (Canada) /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/17733452R.pdf.
Full textEn-tête de t. : Université du Québec. Le chapitre 3 de ce mémoire est présenté sous forme d'article scientifique soumis à la revue scientifique "Annales de la Société Entomologique de France", sous le même titre par Nancy Champagne et Jean-Pierre Bourassa. Comprend des références bibliogr.
Champagne, Nancy. "Évaluation de la diversité entomologique au sol et effet de la modification de la gestion des végétaux sur les insectes le long d'emprises autoroutières de trois milieux différents (agricole, forestier et périurbain) dans le sud du Québec (Canada)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4018/1/000104323.pdf.
Full textVeiga, Iran. "Savoirs locaux et organisation sociale de l'agriculture amazonienne : la gestion durable des milieux en question." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20058.
Full textAffo, Daoudou Y. Amadou Hamissou [Verfasser]. "Les déterminants de la pérennité des coopératives agricoles en milieux périurbain et urbain du Bénin / Hamissou Affo Daoudou Y. Amadou." München : GRIN Verlag, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1200805658/34.
Full textLuis, Patricia. "Etude de la diversité génétique et fonctionnelle de champignons du sol présentant une activité laccasique : mise au point d'outils moléculaires et application à l'étude comparative de sols agricoles et forestiers." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0030_LUIS.pdf.
Full textSoil microorganisms are involved in biogeochemical cycles. Fungal laccases, exoenzymes lacking substrate specificity, promote the degradation and the condensation of a wide diversity of organic components. They likely play a central role in the formation, stabilization, degradation and then in the cycling of soil organic matter (SOM). To investigate the role of these enzymes, we have developed molecular methods based on PCR allowing the in situ monitoring of the distribution and expression profiles of basidiomycetes laccase genes in soils. For all analyzed soils, we showed a positive correlation between quantity of SOM and the observed fungal species diversity. Temperate forest soils are characterized by a wide diversity of fungal species and an important spatial heterogeneity of the fungal communities. The laccase-gene expression analysis underlines that only a fraction of the total genetic potential was expressed and that several differences exist between rhizosphere and bulk soil
Brand, Débora. "Physiologie de croissance et de sporulation des champignons nématophages cultivés en milieu solide." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX11039.pdf.
Full textGoutal, Noémie. "Modifications et restauration de propriétés physiques et chimiques de deux sols forestiers soumis au passage d'un engin d'exploitation." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00737884.
Full textBoissière, Jean. "Populations et économies du bois dans la France moderne : contribution à l'étude des milieux forestiers entre Paris et le Morvan au dernier siècle de l'ancien régime (vers 1685-vers 1790)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010653.
Full textThe aim of the different parts of this work is to study the forest and human environments concerned by the exploitation of wood for fuel between paris and the morvan from colbert's time until the beginning of the revolutionary period. The first volume examines the aviable documentation and underlines the role of administrative services, surveyors particularly. It refers to reports of visits to forests by paris city corporation officials to calculate the available fuel resources for the capital. It ends with an assesment of the state of public or privately-owned forests in the context of this particular field. The second volume studies the amount of wood felled and its worth according to the owner's status and the geographical situation, determines the price increases of cut or standing timber, defines the conditions for floating wood on waterways. It concludes with a presentation of the commercial practices of that period, by examining, in particular, bankruptcies of some of the biggest timber firms known. The third volume provides information about wood consomption by towns, especially paris : the administrative and territorial infrastructure, means of appropriating supply areas, crises due to particular situations. Its ends with a description of places where the main categories involved in forest exploitation lived and worked. The last volume contains the necessary documents to justify the arguments advanced in the previous parts and finally gives a transcript of the most complete survey carried out in the 18th century about floating timber to paris
Courte, Amandine. "Le carbone des sols, la petite agriculture, ses systèmes de production et pratiques, témoins des enjeux environnementaux et agricoles de la Guyane." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0010.
Full textGuyanese soils as those of Amazonian bioma, have for agrosystems, strong edaphic constrains which are accentuated by land uses changes. Carbon stocks are the center of fertility and environmental management issues that involves emerging systems and low impact practices. In order to estimate the value of such practices, we studied the stocks evolution after cultivation using the data provided by the creation of two repositories, one of the production systems of small-scale agriculture and the other one of soil carbon stocks under natural vegetation. Our study on Guiana's agricultural production systems showed that carbon can be a recognized indicator that order space management patterns. This work also confirms the spontaneous development of low-impact practices by farmers. Measurements in the forest environment and mapping showed that soil organic carbon stocks under natural vegetation are high and could constitute an important carbon reservoir for France, estimated between 11 and 22 % of the national stock. Measurements of agricultural stocks and simulations (RothC) of the stock value among time, indicated that stocks vary rapidly and strongly after clearing and cultivation. Indeed, 50 % stocks decreases have been observed with intensive crop systems after 5 years’ cultivation. Low-impact practices reveal economical and environmental efficiency. In fact, they present an interest by being low GHG emitters and being able to increase the initial SOC under natural vegetation by 20 % after 5 years. However, beyond the farmers acceptability, there are many obstacles for agriculture development and these issues require global public policies in order to encourage these low-impact practices
Duceppe-Lamarre, François. "L'homme et la nature au Moyen Âge : naissance de l'écologie en Europe occidentale (Xe-XVIe siècles) : étude d'archéologie du paysage des milieux forestiers des comtés médiévaux d'Artois, d'Avesnes, de Flandre et d'Hainaut." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010678.
Full textThough the word of ecology appears with its creator in 1866, man's relations with nature are older than that. It is in this sense that we have to understand the study of the environmental sensibility during the medieval period. Forested environment have been chosen for its biological diversity in the case of a landscape archeological research. Its geographical limits correspond to those of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, along with some inroads in the french region of Somme, Belgium and Netherlands countries, so mainly the medieval countries of Artois, Avesnois, Flandre and Hainaut. Problematic is double. First, it consists to treat the forested environment under the point of view of landscape archeology, but renewed by ecological considerations. After a valuation of its archeological characteristics, and only after, could be treated the question of management diversity, so, the plausibility of the birth of a medieval ecology. This one grows at the end of the medieval deforestation movement, elaborates itself mainly during the 13th and 14th centuries, through a succession of reflexions and managements of the abiotic and biotic components of the forested environment. Answering accurate situations, and so varying. With the time factor, medieval empirical ecology comes to light clearly at this moment for the cultural and natural heritage of Western Europe
Thériault, Maxime. "Analyse multi-échelles du bassin versant du lac Trois-Lacs (Québec, Canada) pour la gestion de l'eau outil de diagnostic axé sur les milieux humides et agricoles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5699.
Full textDupuy, Célie. "Réponses de populations de poissons au stress chimique en milieux estuariens : intégration des réponses moléculaires, biochimiques et immunotoxicologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951704.
Full textVan, der Heijden Gregory. "Apport du multi-traçage isotopique (26Mg, 44Ca et 2H) à la connaissance des flux d'éléments minéraux dans les écosystèmes forestiers." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01058253.
Full textVan, Halder Inge. "Conservation des communautés de papillons de jour dans les paysages forestiers hétérogènes : effets de la qualité, de la diversité et de la fragmentation des habitats." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0001/document.
Full textWhile the area of plantation forests continues to increase worldwide, their contribution to theconservation of biodiversity is still controversial. The aim of this thesis is to identify key habitat andlandscape factors that drive butterfly diversity in mosaic landscapes dominated by pine plantations.Butterfly communities were sampled at edges and interiors of five successional stages of pine stands,in firebreaks, riparian forests and in deciduous woodlands varying in fragment size and isolation.Biological and ecological traits of butterflies were related to habitat patch attributes and tolandscape composition and configuration.The results highlighted the critical importance of semi-natural habitats for butterfly conservation inpine plantation mosaics, i.e. deciduous woodlands, firebreaks and edges. Riparian forests wereespecially rich in forest butterfly species, harboring specialized species with both narrow habitat andthermal ranges. Firebreaks had twice as many species as other habitat types and were ofconservation value for several threatened butterfly species. Our results also showed that pine standswere not ‘free of butterflies'. Habitat quality, particularly the presence of host plants, was the mostimportant driver of butterfly community composition. Landscape composition and configuration alsoinfluenced butterfly diversity. Many species used more than one distinct habitat type, suggestingthat resource complementation and supplementation are important mechanisms of butterflydiversity persistence in pine plantation mosaics
Bekkaoui, Faouzi. "Microbouturage in vitro et culture de méristèmes de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii) : problèmes liés à l’âge et au milieu de culture." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066383.
Full textAubert, Maelle. "Caractérisation de l'état de surface des sols nus agricoles par imagerie radar TerraSAR-X." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764268.
Full textKingpaiboon, Sununtha. "Intégration de données exogènes à des données satellitaires pour la cartographie et l'analyse de l'évolution de milieux agricoles sous la dépendance de l'eau : application à la province de Khon Kaen, région du Nord-Est, Thai͏̈lande." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20283.
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