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Journal articles on the topic 'Mild steel Anodic oxidation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Kusmanov, S. A., I. V. Tambovskii, T. L. Mukhacheva, S. A. Silkin, and I. S. Gorokhov. "Cathodic Boronitrocarburising and Anodic Polishing of Mild Steel 20 in Electrolitic Plasma." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 58, no. 5 (October 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2022.58.5.01.

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The paper discusses a possibility of increasing the wear and corrosion resistance of a low carbon steel surface after cathodic plasma electrolytic boronitrocarburising in a solution of boric acid, glycerin, and ammonium chloride, with the subsequent anodic plasma electrolytic polishing in an ammonium sulfate solution due to the formation of a modified structure consisting of a dense oxide layer and a diffusion layer below it, which contains up to 0.87% carbon, 0.80% nitrogen, and 0.87% boron upon reaching microhardness up to 970±20 HV. The competitive influence of the surface erosion under the action of discharges and high-temperature oxidation on the morphology and roughness of the surface is revealed. A positive effect of reducing the surface roughness during the formation of a dense oxide layer on the surface and a hardened diffusion layer under it on reducing the friction coefficient and mass wear, as well as reducing the roughness and additional oxidation of the surface during polishing on reducing the corrosion current density, has been established.

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2

Elkais, Ali, Milica Gvozdenovic, Branimir Jugovic, Tomislav Trisovic, Miodrag Maksimovic, and Branimir Grgur. "Electrochemical synthesis and corrosion behavior of thin polyaniline film on mild steel, copper and aluminum." Chemical Industry 65, no. 1 (2011): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100901069e.

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The electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) on mild steel, aluminum and copper from the sodium benzoate solutions has been investigated. It has been shown that thin, highly adherent, polyaniline films on the investigated metals could be obtained by anodic oxidation with current densities in the range of 0.5 and 1.5 mA cm-2. The corrosion behavior of mild steel, aluminum and copper with polyaniline coating in 0.5 mol dm3 NaCl (pH 3) solutions, has been investigated by polarization technique. The corrosion current densities, porosity and protection efficiency was determined. It has been shown that polyaniline coating provided corrosion protection of all mentioned metals.

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3

Zhirov, A. V., A. O. Komarov, V. V. Danilov, and S. A. Shorokhov. "Effect of glycerine concentration on dissolution and oxidation of mild steel during anodic cementation." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 48, no. 3 (May 2012): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375512030143.

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4

Azizi, Asghar, Seid Ziaoddin Shafaei, Mohammad Noaparast, and Mohammad Karamoozian. "Galvanic Interaction between Chalcopyrite and Pyrite with Low Alloy and High Carbon Chromium Steel Ball." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/817218.

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This study was aimed to investigate the galvanic interaction between pyrite and chalcopyrite with two types of grinding media (low alloy and high carbon chromium steel ball) in grinding of a porphyry copper sulphide ore. Results indicated that injection of different gases into mill altered the oxidation-reduction environment during grinding. High carbon chromium steel ball under nitrogen gas has the lowest galvanic current, and low alloy steel ball under oxygen gas had the highest galvanic current. Also, results showed that the media is anodic relative to pyrite and chalcopyrite, and therefore pyrite or chalcopyrite with a higher rest potential acted as the cathode, whilst the grinding media with a lower rest potential acted as the anode, when they are electrochemically contacted. It was also found that low alloy steel under oxygen produced the highest amount of EDTA extractable iron in the slurry, whilst high carbon chromium steel under nitrogen atmosphere led to the lowest amount.

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5

Nilavan, Anitha, Balasubramani Sathiyaprabha, Senthil Vadivelan Anu Ratthika, Sahaya Joseph Jeyaraj Philo Seeli, Arulanandam Jerleen Sindhuja, Subburam Rakshana, Arockiasamy Merlin Princy, and Susai Rajendran. "Influence of a Show Case Polish Coating on Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution." Oriental Journal of Physical Sciences 7, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojps07.01.03.

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Mild steel is relatively less expensive. So in reinforced concrete, mild steel can be used. Mild steel in concrete structures may experience corrosion. To avert corrosion of mild steel, a number of inhibitors are used along with concrete admixtures. In this category of research, saturated calcium hydroxide solution is considered as simulated concrete pore solution (SCPS). Numerous corrosion inhibitors have been utilized in this field along with organic coatings. In the present investigation show case polish coated mild steel has been used in concrete. The corrosion resistance has been calculated by electrochemical studies such as polarization study and AC impedance spectra. When show case polish coated mild steel is immersed in SCPS, the corrosion resistance of mild steel increases. This is long-established by the facts that in presence of show case polish coating , the linear polarization resistance value increases, corrosion current value decreases, charge transfer resistance increases, double layer capacitance decreases, impedance increases, and phase angle increases. The protecting layer functions as anodic inhibitor and controls the anodic reaction primarily. The protective coating offers 99.99% inhibition efficiency. It implies that the show case polish coated mild steel can be used in concrete technology. This will increase the lifetime of the rebars.

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6

Zhang, Da Lei, You Hai Jin, Yan Li, and Xiao Tang. "Study of Electrochemical Inhomogeneity of Zinc in Zinc/Steel Couple during Galvanize Corrosion by Wire Beam Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 266 (June 2011): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.266.263.

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The localized electrochemical characteristics of the anodic metal within a zinc/steel couple immersed in seawater was investigated using an Wire Beam Electrode(WBE) composed of 9 zinc wire sensors together with 112 mild steel ones. The results showed that potential and current density distributions of zinc wires were inhomogeneous; main anodic area transferred from the zinc wires adjacent to steel wires to those farther away from zinc/steel interface gradually; besides, some zinc wires behaved as secondary cathodes. This electrochemical inhomogeneity of zinc might mainly be ascribed to the dissimilar distance between zinc and mild steel wire sensors, and their surface electrochemical state as well.

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7

Khalil, M. W. "Anodic Tafel behaviour of mild steel in presence of inhibitors." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23, no. 3 (March 1992): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19920230311.

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8

Shtefan, V., N. Kanunnikova, and N. Balamut. "ANODIC OXIDATION OF AISI 304 STEEL IN ACIDIC SOLUTIONS." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 3, no. 56 (December 27, 2018): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.3.56.2018.09.

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9

Su, Tie Jun, and Ke Hua Li. "Adsorption and Inhibitive Properties of 1-phenylaminomethyl-benzimidazole on Corrosion of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.536.

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The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 5.0 M HCl by 1–phenylaminomethyl-benzimidazo -le (PMB) was studied by gravimetric and potentiodynamic polarization methods. Inhibition efficiency of PMB increased with increase in the concentration of inhibitor and decreased with the increase in temperature. PMB acts as anodic-type inhibitor for mild steel. The adsorption of PMB on mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

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10

Jegdic, Bore, Dragutin Drazic, and Jovan Popic. "Corrosion potential of 304 stainless steel in sulfuric acid." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 5 (2006): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0605543j.

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The potentiodynamic study of the electrochemical behavior of austenitic 304 stainless steel in deaerated aqueous sulfuric acid of pH 1 revealed that the steel achieved a stable corrosion potential of ca. - 0.350 V (SCE) independent of whether the electrode had previously been cathodically "activated" or anodically passivated. It was also shown that the experimentally observed anodic peak was not the usually obtained anodic passivation peak, as is the case with a number of metal, but an artifact due to the anodic oxidation of hydrogen absorbed during the previously employed cathodic polarization and hydrogen evolution, intended to activate the initially passive surface, or even hydrogen absorbed on the open circuit potential. It was shown that this potential establishes and electrochemical corrosion potential of the Wagner-Traud type due to the evolution of cathodic hydrogen on a passivated steel surface and anodic metal dissolution through the passive layer. It was impossible to activate 304 stainless steel in sulfuric acid of pH 1 by cathodic polarization, and the usually observed anodic peak obtained under these conditions should not be considered as an active metal dissolution process and a passivation anodic peak, but rather as an artifact due to the electrochemical oxidation of the in the steel absorbed hydrogen.

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11

Leech, Matthew C., Alessia Petti, Nour Tanbouza, Andrea Mastrodonato, Iain C. A. Goodall, Thierry Ollevier, Adrian P. Dobbs, and Kevin Lam. "Anodic Oxidation of Aminotetrazoles: A Mild and Safe Route to Isocyanides." Organic Letters 23, no. 24 (November 29, 2021): 9371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03475.

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12

Jebakumar Immanuel Edison, T., and M. G. Sethuraman. "Electrochemical Investigation on Adsorption of Fluconazole at Mild Steel/HCl Acid Interface as Corrosion Inhibitor." ISRN Electrochemistry 2013 (December 30, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/256086.

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The interfacial behavior of fluconazole on mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was studied by electrochemical methods, namely, polarization (Tafel Plot) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The surface morphology of mild steel in the presence and absence of fluconazole was studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results of the study showed that fluconazole reduced the corrosion rate in HCl acid solution by adsorbing on the surface of mild steel. Tafel results suggest that fluconazole behaves predominantly as an anodic inhibitor and shows greater inhibition efficiency (96%) at 0.30 mM. Thermodynamical parameters suggest that fluconazole is adsorbed on mild steel mainly by chemical mode. The EIS studies reveal the formation of a thin barrier film on mild steel surface. The AFM image of mild steel immersed in optimum concentration of fluconazole has confirmed the film formation on metal surface.

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13

Rajendran, Dorothy, Thankappan Sasilatha, Rajendran Santhammal, Abdulhameed Al-Hashem, Časlav Lačnjevac, and Gurmeet Singh. "Inhibition of corrosion of mild steel hull plates immersed in natural sea water by sandalwood oil extract of some natural products." Zastita materijala 63, no. 1 (2022): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2201023r.

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The hull plates of the ship made of mild steel (MS) are always in contact with seawater are always in contact with aggressive ions such as chloride ions present in seawater.The corrosion resistance of the hull plates of the ship made of mild steel has been investigated by polarization study. Sandalwood oil extract containing 5 g each of Cardamom (disambiguation), Clove (disambiguation), Nutmeg, India Sambrani (loban), Chrysopogon zizanioides, commonly known as vetiver and Camphor was used as corrosion inhibitor along with Trisodium citrate (TSC), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (SDP) and Zn2+. The corrosion resistance was measured in the absence and presence of various inhibitor systems: Trisodium citrate (TSC) 100 ppm+ Zn2+ 50ppm system, sodium dihydrogen phosphate (SDP) 100 ppm+ Zn2+ 50ppm system, Oil coated (3days) MS, Oil coated (3days) MS +TSC 100 ppm+ Zn2+ 50 ppm system and Oil coated (3days) MS +SDP100 ppm+ Zn2+ 50 ppm system were used. It is observed that when mild steel is immersed in SW+TSC 100 ppm+ Zn2+ 50ppm system , the corrosion resistance of MS increases. When mild steel is immersed in SW+ SDP 100 ppm+ Zn2+ 50ppm system , the corrosion resistance of MS increases. When mild steel is immersed in Oil coated (3days) MS in Sea water system , the corrosion resistance of MS increases. When mild steel is immersed in Oil coated (3days) MS in SW+TSC 100 ppm+ Zn2+ 50ppm system , the corrosion resistance of MS increases. When mild steel is immersed in Oil coated (3 days) MS in SW+ SDP 100 ppm+ Zn2+ 50ppm system , the corrosion resistance of MS increases. This is revealed by the fact that there is increase in LPR value and decrease in corrosion current value. The corrosion potential is shifted to anodic side. This indicates that in this inhibitor system, the anodic reaction of metal dissolution is controlled predominantly. This implies that these inhibitor systems may be coated on mild steel surface used as hull plates to prevent corrosion of mild steel in sea water.

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14

Shetty, Divakara, Prakash Shetty, and Sudhaker Nayak. "The inhibition action of N-furfuryl-N'-phenyl thiourea on the corrosion of mild steel in acid media." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 10 (2006): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0610073s.

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The inhibiting effect of N-furfuryl-N'-phenyl thiourea (FPTU) on the corrosion of mild steel in aqueous solutions of 0.05 and 0.1MHCl, as well as 0.025 and 0.05 M H2SO4 has been demonstrated using the potentiodynamic polarization technique. The polarization data showed that FPTU acts as an efficient anodic inhibitor for mild steel in both acid solutions. Avery high inhibition efficiency was evidenced in both acid solutions and it was found to vary with the concentration of the inhibitor and temperature. The obtained kinetic parameters of adsorption revealed spontaneous adsorption and a strong interaction of FPTU with the mild steel surface. .

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15

Obot, Obotowo W., and Chinda Believe Chibuike. "Comparative Study of High Temperature Oxidation of Mild Steel in Hydrogen, Sulphur, and Carbon dioxide Atmospheres." Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & Civil Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2379) 5, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v5i3.303.

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Fabricated materials made from mild steel tend to corrode when exposed to the atmosphere overtime, and often result mostly in the complete failure of materials while in service. This research aimed at establishing the relationship between oxidation of mild steel and temperature; the comparison of oxidation of mild steel at high temperature in different atmospheres, and the calculation of the rate of oxidation of mild steel at elevated temperatures. Mild steel finds application in weldable boiler tubes and in weldable turbines requiring very high temperature for its operation, hence this research was carried out at a maximum temperature of 1000 OC and samples were pre-treated in the different atmospheres for 96 hours intervals for 480 hours. The mild steel samples used in this research were labelled samples 1 and 2 and composed 0.19875 %C and 0.19220 %C, respectively. The atmospheres in which the experiment was carried out included hydrogen, sulphur and carbon dioxide. The result of the experiment showed that the rate of oxidation of mild steel followed parabolic relationship, also the rates were different in the different atmospheres and the highest rate occurred in carbon dioxide.

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16

Simonet, Jacques. "The mild anodic oxidation of platinum in organic solvents of low acidity." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 578, no. 1 (April 2005): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.12.022.

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17

Li, P., T. C. Tan, and J. Y. Lee. "Impedance spectra of the anodic dissolution of mild steel in sulfuric acid." Corrosion Science 38, no. 11 (November 1996): 1935–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-938x(96)00079-0.

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18

Berdimurodov, Elyor, Abduvali Kholikov, Khamdam Akbarov, Innat Nakhatov, Nigora Kh Jurakulova, and Nurbek Umirov. "Adsorption Isotherm and SEM Investigating of Cucurbit[n]Urils Based Corrosion Inhibitors with Gossypol for Mild Steel in Alkaline Media Containing Chloride Ions." Advanced Engineering Forum 23 (July 2017): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.23.13.

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This article showed that new mixed inhibitor type of cucurbit [n] urils based corrosion inhibitors with gossypol at the proportion of 50:50 is excellent efficiency for mild steel in in alkaline media containing chloride ions. The Polarization Resistance results suggest that this inhibitor decreased the rate of anodic mild steel dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution. Increased activation energy suggested that inhibitors adsorb physically during the first step of the adsorption process.

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19

Ram, Chhotu, Chaya Sharma, and Ajay Kumar Singh. "Corrosion Performance of Mild Steel in Paper Mill Effluent." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.522.

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Present paper reports investigations carried on corrosion behaviour of mild steel in effluents collected from paper mill treatment plant. For this purpose, effluent was collected from after primary and secondary treatment stages. Mild steel samples were exposed to these effluents for duration of six months. The corroded samples were analysed for weight loss and extent of localised corrosion. Electrochemical polarization tests like open circuit potential (OCP), tafel plot and anodic polarization were also performed to estimate corrosion rate, polarization resistance and localized corrosion parameters in the studied system. The extent of corrosion attack has been correlated with effluent parameters namely pH, electrical conductivity (Ec), total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, chloride content, colour and sulphate.

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20

Matheswaran, P., and A. K. Ramasamy. "A Study of Mild Steel Corrosion UsingAdhatoda Vasica(AV) Extract as Inhibitor in Different Acid Medium." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 4 (2010): 1284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/546360.

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Corrosion behavior of mild steel in acidic medium usingAdhatoda Vasica(AV) extract was investigated. The inhibitive effective ofAdhatoda Vasicaon the corrosion of mild steel in different acidic medium has been studied by weight loss and polarization methods. The Ecorrvalues are shifted slightly towards negative side in presence of inhibitors which indicate the inhibitors inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in acids solution by controlling both anodic and cathodic reactions due to the blocking of active sites on the metal surface. It is evident that inhibitors bring about considerable polarization of the cathode as well as anode. It was, therefore, inferred that the inhibitive action is of mixed type.

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21

Rudenja, S., J. Pan, I. Odnevall Wallinder, C. Leygraf, and P. Kulu. "Passivation and Anodic Oxidation of Duplex TiN Coating on Stainless Steel." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 146, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 4082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1392595.

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22

Rahmi, Azimatur, Emriadi, and Admin Alif. "EKSTRAK METANOL DARI DAUN MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa) SEBAGAI INHIBITOR KOROSI BAJA DALAM ASAM KLORIDA." Jurnal Riset Kimia 7, no. 2 (March 10, 2014): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v7i2.168.

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Vol 7 No 2ABSTRACTExtract of Phaleria macrocarpa leaves have been studied as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel ofhydrochloric acid solution 2.0 N. The efficiency of inhibition was evaluated by gasometric methodand electrochemical analysis. The temperature and concentration effects on the inhibitorsperformance were also investigated. The result obtained showed that the extract is one of promisingcandidate as an inhibitors for the corrotions of mild steel in HCl media, inhibition efficiencyincrease as the extract concentration is evaluated. The activation energy (Ea) increase with theaddition of the extract. Where inhibition of extract on the steel surface obey modified Langmuirisotherm equation. Potentiodynamic polarization curve indicated the Phaleria macrocarpa leavesextract play role as the anodic type inhibitor.Keywords : Corrosion inhibition, mild steel, Phaleria macrocarpa, hydrochloric acid.

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23

Newcomb, S. B., P. L. Harrison, and A. Whittaker. "Effects of interfacial stress on oxidation of mild steel." Materials Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (January 1990): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1990.6.1.45.

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24

Paul, Subir, and Bikash Kar. "Mitigation of Mild Steel Corrosion in Acid by Green Inhibitors: Yeast, Pepper, Garlic, and Coffee." ISRN Corrosion 2012 (December 2, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/641386.

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Synthesized organic chemicals, used as inhibitors in mitigating the corrosion of huge quantities of steel articles, pose a major threat to the global environmental problems and health hazards. Naturally occurring products which had been used for natural medication purposes, since the human civilization, are found to inhibit corrosion of steel. Electrochemical studies of the effects of black pepper, garlic, yeast, and coffee on acid corrosion of steel have shown that the corrosion current decreases by manyfold with increase in concentration of the inhibitors. These green inhibitors have been found to get adsorbed maximum up to 70–90%. The polarizing effect is more on cathodic reactions than on anodic reactions, acting as cathodic inhibitor, while a few behaves as anodic to mixed inhibitor. Mechanisms of adsorption are investigated by Frumkin, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherms. The free energy of adsorption is found to be between −15 and −40 kJ/m for most inhibitors, indicating the phenomena of physical adsorption.

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25

Nofrizal, Nofrizal. "Gambir Extract As A Corrosion Inhibitor For Mild Steel In Acidic Solution." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 35, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.35.3.786.

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The inhibition infl uence of Gambir extract in 1M Hidrocloric Medium on corrosion of mild steel in acidic solution was studied by weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM method. It is believed that the phenolic compounds that contained in the Gambir extract in 1 M Hidrocloric medium to be responsible for the inhibition. The corrosion studies shows that Gambir extract gives an anodic type of inhibition and best at the concentration of 150 ppm. The inhibition effi ciency for weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were 76.52, 88.28 and 66.27% respectively. SEM analysis shows that the morphology of inhibited mild steel was improved compared with uninhibited mild steel.

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26

Shanthy, Pooviah, Karunaivel Kavipriya, Brintha Santhiya, Ganesan Priyanka, Krishnasamy Vigneswari, Veerapandian Velkannan, Gurmeet Singh, et al. "Influence of thiourea on the corrosion resistance of mild steel immersed in simulated concrete pore solution." Zastita materijala 63, no. 4 (2022): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2204447s.

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The corrosion resistance of mild steel in simulated concrete pore solution (SCPS) in the absence and presence of thiourea has been investigated by polarization study and AC impedance spectra. Polarisation study reveals that thiourea system functions as anodic inhibitor. AC impedance spectra reveal that a protective film is formed on the metal surface. When mild steel is used as rebar, thiourea may be mixed with concrete. Thus the mild steel will be protected from corrosion. The protective film consists of iron-thiourea complex formed on metal surface. In the presence of thiourea the linear polarisation resistance increases, corrosion current decreases, charge transfer resistance (Rt) increases, impedance increases, phase angle increases and double layer capacitance (Cdl) value decreases. This formulation may find application in concrete technology.

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27

Kado, Tetsuo. "Anodic Polarization Behavior of Ni-Cr Alloy Spraying Mild Steel in Sulphuric Acid." CORROSION ENGINEERING 36, no. 8 (1987): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1974.36.8_506.

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28

Wu, Wei Ming, Ding Li, and Hai Yan Du. "The Effect of Corrosion Inhibitor in Hydrofluoric Acid Medium." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2258.

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The experiments were done to find some good corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 5% HF solution by the method of weight loss and electrochemistry including polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results show that the thiourea, potassium thiocyanate, and hexamethylenetetramine have good inhibition effect for mild steel in 5% HF solution, especially potassium thiocyanate and thiourea. Their corrosion resistance was greatly enhanced in the presence of tested inhibitor. Thiourea is an anodic type inhibitor and its inhibition efficiencies up to 99.88% can be obtained. Equivalent circuit of the investigated system was suggested.

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29

Abdalla, Khalid, Rahmat Azmi, and Aziz Azizan. "The Effect of pH on Zinc Phosphate Coating Morphology and its Corrosion Resistance on Mild Steel." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.569.

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Zinc phosphate coating is commonly used for corrosion protection of metallic materials, mainly mild steel. In this study, influence of the pH of phosphating bath on the surface morphology and corrosion resistance of zinc phosphate coatings on mild steel was investigated. The phosphate layers were deposited on steel from phosphating bath at different pH values (1.75 ~ 2.75). The surface morphology and composition of phosphate coatings were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated by polarization curves (anodic and cathodic) in an aerated 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that better surface coverage and corrosion resistance for the steel phosphated at pH 2.75.

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30

Adindu, Chinonso Blessing, Maduabuchi Arinzechukwu Chidiebere, Francis Chizoruo Ibe, Cynthia E. Ogukwe, and Emmanuel Emeka Oguzie. "Protecting Mild Steel from Acid Corrosion Using Extract from Ocimum gratissimum Leaves." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 73 (April 2017): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.73.9.

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The anti-corrosion properties of the ethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaves on the corrosion of mild steel in both 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 was studied using gravimetric, electrochemical, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods of corrosion monitoring. The gravimetric results revealed that the inhibitor maintained good inhibition efficiency even at 120 hours of immersion. The electrochemical results showed that OG extract functioned as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in both 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4, inhibiting both the anodic and cathodic partial reactions via adsorption of the extract constituents on the metal/solution interface. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and surface examination results confirmed the adsorption of the extract, organic constituents on the mild steel surface. The results showed that OG ethanol extract functioned as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in both 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions.

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31

Adindu, Chinonso Blessing, Maduabuchi Arinzechukwu Chidiebere, Francis Chizoruo Ibe, Cynthia E. Ogukwe, and Emmanuel Emeka Oguzie. "Protecting Mild Steel from Acid Corrosion Using Extract from <i>Ocimum gratissimum</i> Leaves." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 73 (April 5, 2017): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ayz8lz.

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The anti-corrosion properties of the ethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaves on the corrosion of mild steel in both 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 was studied using gravimetric, electrochemical, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods of corrosion monitoring. The gravimetric results revealed that the inhibitor maintained good inhibition efficiency even at 120 hours of immersion. The electrochemical results showed that OG extract functioned as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in both 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4, inhibiting both the anodic and cathodic partial reactions via adsorption of the extract constituents on the metal/solution interface. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and surface examination results confirmed the adsorption of the extract, organic constituents on the mild steel surface. The results showed that OG ethanol extract functioned as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in both 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions.

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32

Grishina, E. P., A. V. Zhirov, P. N. Belkin, and A. I. Dikusar. "Influence of anodic electrothermochemical oxidation on the corrosion stability of steel 45." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 44, no. 5 (October 2008): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375508050098.

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33

Yan, Ji Kang, Gang Yang, Zhe Shi, Wan Xia Tang, and Yun Feng Wu. "Effects of NaOH Concentration on Section Structures of Oxide Films Based on TC4 by Anodic Oxidation Process." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.303.

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The section structure and growth mechanism of oxide films on titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) in the oxalate, silicate and phosphate hybrid electrolyte system by anodic oxidation method were investigated. Using TC4 as anodic, stainless steel as cathode, oxide films on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy were prepared by anodic oxidation process. X-ray diffract meter, spiral-micrometer, eddy current thickness meter and scanning electron microscope were used to measure the crystal structure, thickness, microstructure and chemical composition of the film . The experimental results indicate that NaOH concentration has almost no effects on the crystal structure of oxide films which are amorphous state. The oxide films on TC4 grow through three stages. At anodic oxidation primary stage, a thicker TiO2 films on TC4 are able to form due to an abundant oxygen atmosphere. At anodic oxidation middle stage, a middle TiO1.5 films form due to a not enough oxygen atmosphere. At anodic oxidation latest stage, a thin TiO1.5 films form due to a heavily insufficient oxygen atmosphere. With NaOH concentration increasing, the ingrowth velocity (VOA) of the interface between TC4 and oxide film is faster than dissolution rate (VAD) of the surface oxide film resulting in a slight oxide film growth. The thickness of oxide film no longer varies when VOA is equal to VAD.

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Kumar, Atul. "Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid by Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 2 (2008): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/574343.

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Effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), a surfactant on corrosion of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid was studied using three techniques namely: weight loss, electrochemical polarization and metallurgical research microscopy. Results obtained reveal that SLS is good inhibitor and shows very good corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE). The IE was found to vary with concentration of inhibitor and temperature. The electrochemical polarization result revealed that SLS is anodic in nature.

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35

Vo An, Quan, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ha Tran Thi, and Que Le Xuan. "ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF MILD STEEL IN HCL 1M MEDIUM WITH THE PRESENCE OF ROSE MYRTLE LEAVES EXTRACTION." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 3B (September 13, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/3b/12885.

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As the growing interest on green corrosion inhibitors, plant extracts have gradually showed the potential in replacing the traditional hazardous chemicals due to the eco-friendly and economy characteristics. Previous study reported that rose myrtle leaf-extract (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Myrtaceae) was as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for rust removal process of mild steel in H2SO4 acid medium. This study presents the corrosion inhibition assessments of rose myrtle leaf-extract on mild steel surface in HCl 1M solution. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods have been used to study the corrosion behaviors of mild steel. The corrosion rate, corrosion current and corrosion potential results indicate that only small amount of the leaf-extract (2% vol.) was required for high inhibition efficiency (Hin=83.9%). By affecting on both anodic and cathodic branches of the Tafel plot, the corrosion inhibition mechanism is proposed by an adsorption forming different barriers on the steel surface.Green inhibitor, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, steel corrosion, EIS

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Nistoran Botis, Mihaela. "Electrochemical Discharge Grinding of Chrome Alloyed Steels in Inorganic Solutions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.201.

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The behavior of chrome alloyed steel in various combinations of inorganic media has been studied. Steel samples were processed by electrochemical discharge grinding in nitrates (KNO3, NaNO3), chlorate solution (NaClO3) and nitrates with various additives (KNO3+Na2CO3, NaNO3 +NaClO3). In inorganic solutions, the presence of a great number of negative ions (NO3-, ClO3- HO-) resulted by electrolytic dissociation of the salts, increases the metal oxidation as well as anodic dissolution. The rate of metal dissolution increased with the increasing NO3- ions that accelerate the anodic dissolution

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37

Malik, A. U., Rais Ahmad, Sharif Ahmad, and Sultan Ahmad. "High temperature oxidation behaviour of nickel aluminide coated mild steel." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 38, no. 7 (July 1991): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb007297.

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Li, Haibin, Kaiming Liang, Lefu Mei, and Shouren Gu. "Oxidation resistance of mild steel by zirconia sol–gel coatings." Materials Science and Engineering: A 341, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00200-9.

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Li, Haibin, Kaiming Liang, Lefu Mei, Shouren Gu, and Shuangxi Wang. "Oxidation protection of mild steel by zirconia sol–gel coatings." Materials Letters 51, no. 4 (November 2001): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(01)00311-1.

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40

Majumdar, P., S. Shekhar, and K. Mondal. "Effect of Machining Parameters on Oxidation Behavior of Mild Steel." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 24, no. 1 (November 11, 2014): 484–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1289-9.

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41

Khanna, A. S., R. K. Singh Raman, and E. W. Kreutz. "Oxidation resistance of plasma coated and laser treated mild steel." Le Journal de Physique IV 03, no. C9 (December 1993): C9–635—C9–642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1993967.

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Zainoldin, Zailelah, Hadariah Bahron, Mohamad Kamal Harun, and Syaidah Athirah Dzolin. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Evaluation of Organic Coating on Mild Steel." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.11 (July 21, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11.15924.

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Electro-oxidation of 4-hydroxybenzalaniline in alkaline solution on mild steel surface was successfully carried out using cyclic voltammetric technique. Results demonstrated that brownish colour appeared on the mild steel surface after the cycle of voltammetric study. The presence of film was confirmed by the EIS measurement whereas the Nyquist plots obtained from EIS measurements were fitted with suitable electrical equivalent circuit. The coated mild steel exhibit better polarization resistance than uncoated mild steel.

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Chahul, Habibat F., Elijah Maji, and Tanko B. Danat. "Adsorptive, inhibitive and thermodynamics studies on the corrosion of mild steel in the presence of Mangifera indica gums." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 30, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2019-0014.

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Abstract The adsorption and inhibitive behavior of gums obtained from Mangifera indica tree was investigated at 303-333 K using weight loss and linear polarization measurements. The results obtained from both measurements showed that Mangifera indica gums inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl. Linear polarization measurements revealed Mangifera indica gums to inhibit both the anodic and cathodic reactions on the surface of the mild steel thereby functioning as a mixed-type inhibitor. Adsorption behavior of the gums were approximated by the isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. The adsorption mechanism derived from the trend in inhibition efficiency as a function of temperature as well as kinetic and activation parameters signified Mangifera indica gums adsorbed on the surface of the mild steel through the mechanism of physisorption and that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous.

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44

Abdul Karim, Zainal Ambri, Muhammad Abdul Halim Mohammad Mursal, and Mohd Hanafiah Mat Jamlus. "High-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves for Diesel Soot Oxidation Strategy." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1382.

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Results from an experimental investigation for diesel soot oxidation strategy using high-frequency electromagnetic waves in producing metal sparks is provided in this paper. It is envisaged that the micro plasma develop by metal when subjected to high-frequency electromagnetic waves, produces heat that enables soot oxidation process. The work attempts to investigate the relationship between spark inception of metals and micro plasma temperatures at different microwaves intensity. Various metal specimens were exposed to high-frequency electromagnetic waves at different power levels at a specific duration of time. The sparks temperatures or micro plasmas produced by the metals were measured using a high-range infrared thermometer. It was found that aluminum and brass have high spark temperatures when compared to mild steel at lower microwaves power levels. However, both aluminum and brass have lower melting point temperatures than mild steel. This makes the material unsuitable for prolong exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic waves. Mild steel was found the suitable metal to be used as the spark inceptor in the soot oxidation reaction chamber.

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Murugan, K. Senthil, and T. Mohanapriya T. Mohanapriya. "Benzylidene Schiff Base Corrosion Inhibition and Electrochemical Studies of Mild Steel in 1M HCI and 0.5M H2SO4 Acidic Solutions." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 38, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 1174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380512.

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N ̶ Benzylidene ̶ 4 ̶ Methoxyaniline (NB4MA) schiff base was synthesized and investigated corrosion behavior of mild steel (MS) in 1M HCI and 0.5M H2SO4. The corrosion efficiency studied by means of mass loss and electrochemical techniques. The electrochemical studies confirm that Ecorr displacement about 32mV confirms anodic and cathodic type of inhibitor. The positive direction of corrosion potential curves confirmed that adsorption efficiency on metal surface. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was observed. Electrochemical impedance studies (EIS) exposed that inhibition effectiveness enlarged with even increasing concentration of Schiff base and found inhibition capacity 90 – 95%. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters of adsorption were found which elaborates that increasing ΔG0ads parameter since favorable interaction behavior between mild steel and inhibitor causes efficient adsorption. The morphology studies revealed that synthesized Schiff base has strong affinity to adhere on mild steel and improve corrosion efficiency against acidic media. The quantum chemical parameter also confirmed that electrons distribution and efficiency of Schiff base.

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Sribharathy, V., and Susai Rajendran. "Cuminum cyminum Extracts as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Seawater." ISRN Corrosion 2013 (February 7, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/370802.

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The inhibitive effect of Jeera (Cuminum cyminum) plant extracts on the corrosion of mild steel in an aqueous solution of seawater was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The stability of the inhibition efficiency of Jeera extracts was examined by weight-loss method. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that the Jeera extract behaves as an anodic type inhibitor. EIS measurements showed that the dissolution process occurs under activation control. The corrosion rates of steel and the inhibition efficiencies of the extract obtained from impedance and polarization measurements were in good agreement. Inhibition was found to increase with an increasing concentration of the plant extract. The results obtained show that the Jeera extract could serve as an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in seawater.

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47

Kumari, Preethi, Prakash Shetty, and Suma A. Rao. "Corrosion Inhibition Effect of 4-Hydroxy-N′-[(E)-(1H-indole-2-ylmethylidene)] Benzohydrazide on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution." International Journal of Corrosion 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/256424.

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The inhibition performance and adsorption behaviour of 4-hydroxy-N′-[(E)-(1H-indole-2-ylmethylidene)] benzohydrazide (HIBH) on mild steel in 1 M HCl solution were tested by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The inhibition efficiency of HIBH increases with increase in inhibitor concentration in the temperature range 30–60°C. Polarisation curves indicate that HIBH is a mixed inhibitor, affecting both cathodic and anodic corrosion currents. The adsorption process of HIBH at the mild steel/hydrochloric acid solution interface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and inhibition takes place by mixed adsorption, predominantly chemisorption. The activation and thermodynamic parameters for the corrosion inhibition process were calculated to elaborate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition.

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48

Adindu, Chinonso Blessing, Emeka Emmanuel Oguzie, and Cynthia E. Ogukwe. "Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ Using Ethanol Extract of Funtumia elastica." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 68 (July 2016): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.68.24.

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The adsorption and corrosion inhibitive effect of the ethanol extract ofFuntumia elastica(FE) leaves on mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4was studied using gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. As well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and computational methods. The gravimetric and electrochemical studies revealed that FE is an adsorption inhibitor. The potentiodynamic polarization result showed that the inhibitor is a mixed type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4, inhibiting both the cathodic and anodic partial reactions. Density functional theory calculations were performed to model the electronic structures of some selected extract constituents (conessine, and ascorbic acid) to conﬁrm their inhibiting potential and established their individual contributions to the observed inhibiting effects.

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Ivarson, A., J. Powell, and C. Magnusson. "The Role of Oxidation in Laser Cutting Stainless and Mild Steel." Journal of Laser Applications 3, no. 3 (October 1991): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4745287.

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Krishna, Vijay, R. Padmapreetha, S. B. Chandrasekhar, K. Murugan, and Roy Johnson. "Oxidation resistant TiO2–SiO2 coatings on mild steel by Sol–Gel." Surface and Coatings Technology 378 (November 2019): 125041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125041.

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